Appendix

Appendix A: Table of determining sample size of a known population

 Appendix B: Summarize of the factors that cause construction waste during design phase
No. Item Respondents Frequency (%) Mean Ranking
Strongly Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly
Disagree Agree
1 Frequent design 8.1 29 29 16.1 17.7 3.06 5
change
2 Design errors 3.2 34.2 29 21 22.6 3.35 2
3 Lack of design 4.8 16.1 38.7 24.2 16.1 3.31 3
information
4 Poor design 11.3 19.4 33.9 27.4 8.1 3.02 7
quality
5 Slow drawing 24.2 25.8 35.5 6.5 8.1 2.48 15
distribution
6 Incomplete 12.9 27.4 29 21 9.7 2.87 10
contract document
7 Complicated 16.1 32.3 24.2 19.4 8.1 2.71 11
design
8 Inexperience 9.7 21 37.1 22.6 9.7 3.02 7
designer
9 Error in contract 4.8 24.2 43.5 11.2 16.1 3.10 4
documentation
10 Interaction 16.1 27.4 37.1 12.9 6.5 2.66 12
between various
specialists
11 Too many 11.3 16.1 37.1 27.4 8.1 3.05 6
suppliers which is
not easy to select
12 Poor coordination 8.1 12.9 37.1 17.7 24.2 3.37 1
of parties during
design stage
13 Last minute client 8.1 21 45.2 17.1 8.1 2.97 8
requirements
14 Challenge of lack 6.5 17.7 56.5 14.5 4.8 2.94 9
of awareness with
material
management
15 Poor scheduling of 19.4 22.6 38.7 11.3 8.1 2.66 12
construction
materials on site
16 Improper 17.7 37.1 30.6 4.8 9.7 2.52 14
arrangement of
materials
17 Poor 11.3 45.2 30.6 4.8 8.1 2.53 13
communication
between parties in
materials
management
18 Poor storage of 17.7 6.5 45.2 12.9 17.7 3.06 5
facilities of
materials
Appendix C: Summarize of the solutions to solve the problem about construction waste during design
phase
No. Item Respondents Frequency (%) Mean Ranking
Strongly Disagree Undecided Agree Strongly
Disagree Agree
1 Design to reuse 0 6.5 51.6 25.8 16.1 3.52 1
and recovery
2 Design for waste- 11.3 6.5 43.5 25.8 12.9 3.23 5
efficient
procurement
3 Design for 8.1 11.3 29 32.3 19.4 3.44 2
materials
optimisation
4 Design for off-site 3.2 32.3 38.7 19.4 6.5 2.94 7
construction
5 Design for 12.9 19.4 33.9 29 4.8 2.94 7
deconstruction and
flexibility
6 Design to recycle 12.9 19.4 43.5 16.1 8.1 2.87 10
by process of
collection,
separation, clean
up and processing
of waste materials
to produce a
marketable
material
7 Dispose through 21 14.5 27.4 29 8.1 2.89 9
dumping in landfill
8 Plan accurate cost 14.5 19.4 43.5 14.5 8.1 2.82 11
of construction
materials
management
system
9 Plan appropriate 1.6 11.3 46.8 24.2 16.1 3.42 3
materials
management in
construction
industry
10 Effective 9.7 16.1 32.3 22.6 19.4 3.26 4
communication
between parties in
storage of
materials
11 Proper handling 11.3 24.2 30.6 25.8 8.1 2.95 6
and use of
materials on site
12 Reporting 9.7 32.3 30.6 11.3 16.1 2.92 8
problems such as
materials breakage