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Theory of Plates
Theory of Plates
Theory of Plates
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Ramadas Chennamsetti
Introduction
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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Plates are initially flat structural elements
2
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Introduction
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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Plate bending – plate’s mid-surface doesn’t
experience appreciable stretching or contraction
In-plane loads cause stretching and/or contraction
of mid-surface 3
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Introduction
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Plate stretching
z
Nx t Nx
x
Uniform stretching of the plate => uo
q
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Axial deformation due to transverse load
1 t 1
For plates - ≥ ≥
10 b 2000
Thin & thick plates –
Thin plate => t < 20b b = smallest side
Thick plate => t > 20b
t
Small deflections – w ≤
5
Thin plate theory – Kirchoff’s Classical
Plate Theory (KCPT)
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Thick plate theory – Reissner – Mindlin
Plate Theory (MPT)
5
Ramadas Chennamsetti
KCPT - Assumptions
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Assumptions –
Thickness is much smaller than the other physical
dimensions
vertical deflection w(x, y, z) = w(x, y)
Displacements u, v & w are small compared to
plate thickness
Governing equations are derived based on undeformed
geometry
In plane strains are small compared to unity –
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consider only linear strains
Normal stresses in transverse direction are small
compared with other stresses – neglected
6
Ramadas Chennamsetti
KCPT - Assumptions
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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Transverse shear strains are negligible
Rotary inertia is neglected
7
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Sign convention
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
z z
Mz ψz
My ψy
y
y
Mx
ψx
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x
x
8
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Bending deformations
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
z
Bending takes
place in both planes
y
x Rotation => ψy
A
A’
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’ z
BB
A
x
B
View ‘D’ 9
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Bending deformations
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
u ( x , y , z ) = − zψ y (x , y )
Deformation in ‘y’ direction
v ( x, y , z ) = − zψ x (x , y )
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Vertical deformation
w = w (x, y)
10
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Strains
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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∂z ∂y
∂w ∂w
=> γ yz = −ψ x + = 0 => ψ x =
∂y ∂y 11
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Strains
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Non-zero strains
∂u ∂ψ ∂ w 2
ε xx = = −z
y
= −z
∂x ∂x ∂x 2
∂v ∂ψ x ∂ w
2
ε yy = = −z = −z
∂y ∂y ∂y 2
∂u ∂v ∂ w
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2
γ xy = + = −2 z
∂y ∂x ∂x∂y
12
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Stresses
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
τ xz = 0, τ yz = 0 z
z
τyz τxz
y x
τyz τxz
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zero – logical – thin structure – plane stress
conditions
13
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Stresses
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
σyy
σyy
τxy
τxy
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x
σxx
∂w
w − dx
R dx w* ∂x
x ψy
x
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dx
∂w ∂ψ
∂ 2
w
slope = rotation = ψ y = - curvatue = =− = κ xx
y
∂x ∂x ∂x 2
15
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Curvatures
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Twisting of plate
∂ w 2
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κ xy = −2
∂x∂y
16
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Constitutive law
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
E E εxx 1 −υ 0 σxx
1 σ
σ yy σ xx ε
yy = −υ 1 0 yy
ε yy = −υ γ
xy
E
0 0 2(1+ υ)τ
xy
E E
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τ xy τ xy σxx 1 υ 0 εxx
2 (1 + υ )
γ xy = = E
σ
yy = υ 1 0
ε yy
G E τ 1−υ 0 0 1−υ γ
2
xy xy17
2
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Constitutive law
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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Basis – thin plates – plane section remain plane after
bending – variation of axial deflection is linear across
thickness – strains also vary linearly
18
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Equilibrium equations
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
dx
dy
σxx
y
t τxy
x
x τxy dy
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ττ**yz
yz
σyy dx σ*yy
Forces acting on an infinitesimal
τ*xz τ*xy
element dx dy dz
τ*xy
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∂z
zx
∂ τ yx
τ *
= τ yx + dy
∂y
yx
20
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Equilibrium equations
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
∂τ xy ∂τ yy ∂τ yz
+ + = 0 - (2)
∂x ∂y ∂z
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∂τ xz ∂τ yz ∂τ zz
+ + = 0 - (3)
∂x ∂y ∂z 21
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Shear stresses
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
∂ Ez ∂2w ∂ 2 w ∂ Ez ∂ 2 w ∂τ xz
− 2 + υ 2 + − + =0
∂x 1 − υ 2 ∂x ∂ y ∂y 1 + υ ∂x∂y ∂z
∂τ xz Ez ∂ w
3
∂ 3w ∂ 3w
= 3 + υ + (1 − υ )
∂z 1−υ ∂ x ∂x∂y ∂x∂y 2
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2 2
∂τ xz Ez ∂
= ∇(2
w )
∂z 1 − υ ∂x
2
0 h 2
Ez
2
(
∂ ∇ w ) E ∂ ∇2w ( ) h 2
∫τ dτ xz = ∫
0 1 − υ 2
∂x
dz =
1 − υ 2 ∂x ∫ z dz
z
xz
− τ xz =
(
E ∂ ∇ w z2
2
) h 2
1−υ 2
∂x 2 z
( ) h
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E ∂ ∇2w 2
=> −τ xz = 4 − z
2
(
2 1−υ 2 ∂x)
=> τ xz =
E ( z −
)
∂ ∇2w 2 h2
Parabolic variation
(
2 1−υ 2 ) ∂x 4 23
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Moments
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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E
M =− + υ 2 ∫
z 2
dz
dy
1−υ 2 ∂x ∂y −h 2
y 2
x
Eh 3 ∂ 2w ∂ 2w
=− +υ
M y
(
12 1 − υ 2 ) ∂x
2 2
∂y
24
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Moments
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
τxy Eh 3 ∂2w
z
M xy =− (1 − υ )
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y 12(1 − υ )
2
∂x∂y
dx
dy Eh 3
x D =
Compare with section
12 ( 1 − υ 2
)
modulus of beam 25
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Shear forces
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Vertical equilibrium of
plate *
Q x dy + Q y* dx + qdxdy − Q x dy − Q y dx = 0
∂Q x
z Q = Qx +
*
dx
∂x
x
q
∂Q y
Qy = Qy +
*
dy
Q *y ∂y
Q* x
Qx
Qy y Substitute these and simplify
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dx
dy ∂Q x ∂Q y
+ = −q
x
∂x ∂y
26
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Shear forces
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
E ∂ (∇ 2 w ) 2 h2
τ = z −
2 (1 − υ 2 ) ∂y
yz
4
+h 2
E ∂ (∇ 2 w ) 2 h2
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Q y =
2 (1 − υ 2 ) ∂y ∫ z −
−h 2
4
dz
Eh 3 ∂ (∇ 2 w ) ∂ (∇ 2 w )
Q = − = −D
12 (1 − υ ) ∂y ∂y
y 2
27
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Governing equation
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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∂2 ∂
( ) ( )
2
q
=> ∇ 2
w + ∇ 2
w =
∂x 2 ∂y 2 D
∂2 ∂2
=> 2 + (
2
∇ w =)q
∂x ∂y 2 D 28
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Governing equation
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Governing equation
∂2 ∂2
2 q
+ ∇ w =
∂ x 2
∂ y
2
D
=> ∇ ∇ w =
2 2
( )
q
D
q
=> ∇ =
4
D
∂ w
4
∂ w ∂ w
4 4
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q
+2 + =
∂x 4
∂x ∂y
2 2
∂y 4
D
Bi-harmonic equation
Compare with beam equation 29
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Boundary conditions
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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Vertical deflection and their derivatives
30
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Simply supported
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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w = 0 implies second derivative in the
direction tangent to this line is zero x
∂ 2w Simply supported
= 0 y = const
∂x 2
Ramadas Chennamsetti
31
Simply supported
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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direction tangent to this line is zero
∂ w2
=0
∂yChennamsetti
Ramadas
2 32
Clamped
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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∂w y = constant
=0
∂y
33
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Free edges
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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∂2w ∂2w
M x = − Dυ 2 + 2 = 0 at y = const
∂x ∂y
34
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Free edges
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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∂y
Total shear force,
Mxy ∂M xy
M xy + dy dx
dy ∂y Vx = Qx + Qx’ 35
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Free edges
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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∂ w
3
∂w
3
V y = − D 3 + (2 − υ ) 2
∂y ∂x ∂y 36
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Free edges
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
∂3w ∂3w
Vx = − D 3 + (2 − υ ) 2
= 0 at x = const
∂x ∂x∂y
∂3w ∂3w
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V y = − D 3 + (2 − υ ) 2 = 0 at y = const
∂y ∂x ∂y
37
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Bending of plates
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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functions – Assume
w = w( x , y ) = F ( x )G ( y ) 38
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Bending of plates
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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Deflection of a plate can be written as sum
of infinite trigonometric functions
39
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Bending of plates
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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m x=0
SS
F1, F2,…….F∞ are coefficients
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n
x = 0, SS
G1, G2,…….G∞ are coefficients y=0 SS
Final solution,
∞ ∞
mπ x nπ y
w( x, y ) = ∑∑ FmGn sin sin
m n a b
∞ ∞
=> w( x, y ) = ∑∑ wmn sin α m x sin β n y
m n
mπ nπ
αm = , βn =
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a b
Coefficients, Fm, Gn and wmn computed using
Fourier Series 42
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Coefficients
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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=> f (x )sin = f m sin sin
a a a
Integrate the above from limits 0 to a 43
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Coefficients
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Integration
m'πx mπx m'πx
a a
( ) ( )
a
πx πx
sin m − m'
sin m + m'
fm
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=> a − a
a
(
2 π m − m' ) π
a
(
m + m' )
0
Lower limit vanishes, evaluate upper limit 44
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Coefficients
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Upper limit
πx
a
m 'π x
sin (m−m ) '
f (x )sin
fm a
∫ dx =
π
0
a 2
a
(m−m ) '
x=a
m 'π x
a
f (x )sin
fma
=> ∫ dx = for m = m '
0
a 2
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=0 for m ≠ m '
mπ x
a
f m = ∫ f (x )sin
2
dx
a 0
a
Ramadas Chennamsetti
45
Coefficients
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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nπ y
b
g n = ∫ g ( y )sin
2
dy
b0 b
46
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Coefficients
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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y =0 x =0 a b 2 m n y =0 b b
y =b x = a
m π x nπ y
=> wmn =
4
∫y =0 x∫=0 w ( x , y ) sin sin dxdy
ab a b
47
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Simply supported plate
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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Governing equation
∂ w 4
∂ w ∂ w
4
q 4
+2 + =
∂x 4
∂x ∂y
2 2
∂y 4
D 48
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Simply supported plate
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
∂ w mπ mπ x nπ y
4 ∞ ∞ 4
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∂ w
4 ∞ ∞ 2 2
49
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Simply supported plate
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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∞ ∞
mπ x nπ y
w = w( x, y ) =
1 qmn
Dπ 4 ∑∑
m n m
2
sin sin
a b
2
n
2
2 + 2
a b 50
Ramadas Chennamsetti
UDL
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Computation of coefficients
∞ ∞
mπ x nπ y
q (x , y ) = ∑∑q mn sin sin
m n a b
q(x, y) = qo
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mπ x nπ y
a b
q( x, y )sin
4
qmn = ∫ ∫
ab 0 0 a
sin
b
dxdy
51
Ramadas Chennamsetti
UDL
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Coefficients qmn
mπ x mπ y
a b
4
q mn =
ab ∫0 ∫0 q o sin a sin b dxdy
mπ x mπ y
a b
4 qo
q mn =
ab 0 ∫ sin
a
dx ∫ sin
0
b
dy
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4qo 4 ab 16 q o
=> q mn = =
mn π mn π
2 2
ab
52
Ramadas Chennamsetti
UDL
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Vertical deflection
m π x nπ y
∞ ∞
q mn sin sin
w = w( x , y ) = 4 ∑ ∑
1 a b
π D m n m n
2 2 2
+
a b
m π x nπ y
sin sin
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∞ ∞
=> w(x, y ) = 6
16 qo a b
∑
π D m n
∑ 2
m n
2 2
+
a b 53
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Patch load
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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Patch load
u v
xo + yo +
4qo 2 2
mπ x mπ y
q mn =
ab ∫ u
∫ v sin a sin b dxdy
xo − yo − 54
2 Ramadas
2 Chennamsetti
Patch load
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Evaluating integrals
u v
xo + yo +
4 qo 2 2
mπ x mπ y
qmn =
ab ∫ u
∫ v sin a sin b dxdy
xo − yo −
2 2
u
xo +
2
mπ x 2a mπ xo mπ u
∫ u sin a dx = mπ sin a sin 2a
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x −
o
2
16 qo mπ xo mπ u nπ yo mπ v
=> qmn = sin sin sin sin
mn π 2
a 2a b 2b
55
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Patch load
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Deflection
m π x nπ y
∞ ∞
S mn sin sin
w( x , y ) = 6 ∑ ∑
16 qo a b
π D m n m 2 n 2
mn +
a b
where,
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m π xo m π u nπ y o mπ v
S mn = sin sin sin sin
a 2a b 2b
56
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Point load
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Point load
Assume the point load acts over
qo =
P P
an infinitesimal area u x v uv
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qmn = sin sin sin sin
mn π 2
a b 2a 2b
16 P mπ xo nπ y o mπ u nπ v
=> qmn = sin sin sin sin
mn uvπ 2
a b 2a 2b57
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Point load
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Simplifying
mπ u nπ v
4P mπ xo nπ yo sin sin
=> qmn = sin sin 2a 2b
ab a b mπ u mπ v
2a 2b
4P mπ xo nπ yo
=> qmn =
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
sin sin
ab a b
58
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Point load
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
' mπ x mπ y
∞ ∞ S sin sin
w( x, y ) = 4
4P mn
π abD m m
∑∑ a b
2
m n
2 2
+
a b
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mπ xo mπ yo
S mn = sin
'
sin
a b
59
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Bending & in-plane loading
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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load
Critical load – ability to resist axial load ceases –
change in deformation shape
60
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Bending & in-plane loading
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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Qx and Qy
Small deformation and large deformation
61
Ramadas Chennamsetti
In-plane forces
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
dx
z θx
Nx θx
Qx
x
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In-plane loading Transverse/out-of-plane loading
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∂N x ∂N xy
=> + =0
∂x ∂y
If there are no in-plane forces – equation vanishes 63
Ramadas Chennamsetti
In-plane forces
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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θx = , θy =
∂x ∂y
64
Ramadas Chennamsetti
In-plane forces
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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Neglect higher order term s
∂N x ∂N xy No change in in-
=> + = 0 plane equilibrium
∂x ∂y 65
Ramadas Chennamsetti equations
In-plane forces
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
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66
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Z-direction
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
∂w ∂N x ∂w ∂ ∂w
− N x dy sin + Nx + dx dy sin + dx
∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x
∂w ∂N y ∂w ∂ ∂w
− N y dx sin +Ny +
dy dx sin
+ dy
∂y ∂y ∂y ∂y ∂y
∂w ∂ N xy ∂w ∂ ∂w
− N xy dx sin + N xy + dy dx sin + dy
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y ∂x
∂w ∂ N xy ∂w ∂ ∂w
− N xy dy sin + N xy + dx dy sin + dx
∂y ∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y
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∂w ∂Q x ∂w ∂ ∂w
− Q x dy cos + Qx + dx dy cos + dx
∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x
∂w ∂Q y ∂w ∂ ∂w
− Q y dx cos + Q y + dy cos + dy + qdxdy = 0
∂y ∂Ramadas
y ∂y ∂y ∂y
Chennamsetti 67
Z-direction
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
∂ 2 w ∂Q x ∂Q y
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∂ 2w ∂ 2w
Nx + 2 N xy + Ny + + +q=0
∂x 2
∂x∂y ∂y 2
∂x ∂y
68
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Z-direction
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Substituting Qx and Qy
∂ 2 ∂ 2
Qx = − D
∂x
( )
∇ w , Qy = − D
∂y
∇ w ( )
∂2w ∂2w ∂2w
N x 2 + 2 N xy + Ny 2
∂x ∂ x∂ y ∂y
∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
+ − D
∂x ∂x
∇2w( )
+
− D ∇ 2
(
w )
+ q = 0
∂y ∂y
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1 ∂ 2
w ∂ 2
w ∂ 2
w
=> ∇ w = N x 2 + 2 N xy
4
+ N y 2 + q
D ∂x ∂ x∂ y ∂y 69
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Plate buckling
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
∂ w
4
∂ w ∂ w Nx ∂ w
4 4 2
+2 2 2 + =
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∂x 4
∂x ∂y ∂y 4
D ∂x 2
Plate deflection
∞ ∞
w = w( x, y ) = ∑∑ wmn sin α m x sin β n y
m n
mπ nπ
αm = , βn = Substitute in
governing equation
a b
N1 2
α + 2α β + β − α m = 0
4 2 2 4 Characteristic
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m m n n equation
D
2
(
=> α m + β n =
2 2
)
N1 2
D
αm
71
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Plate buckling
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
=> = +
D a a b
2
Dπ a 2 2 m 2
n
2
=> N 1 = +
m2 a b
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Dπ 2 m
2
c 2
=> N 1 = 2 + n
b c m
c = a / b - Aspect ratio 72
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Plate buckling
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Dπ m c
2 2
N1 = 2 +
b c m
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N1 is a function of variable ‘m’ – for minimum value of
‘m’, differentiate N1 wrt ‘m’
73
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Plate buckling
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Differentiate
dN1 2π D m c 1 c
2
= 2 + − 2 = 0
dm b c m c m
1 c
=> − 2 = 0
c m
a
=> m = c =
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Whole number
b
4 Dπ 2
∴ N1cr = 2
b
Ramadas Chennamsetti
74
Plate buckling
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Dπ
2
2
m c
N1 = K 2 K = +
b c m
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Plotting ‘K’ vs aspect ratio = c = a/b
for various integer values of ‘m’
75
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Plate buckling
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
K vs aspect ratio
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
1.414 2.449
76
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Plate buckling
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
=> c = m(m + 1)
2 Aspect ratio from √2
to √6, m = 2
c = m(m + 1) C>4 => K ≈ 4 77
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Plate buckling
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
D=
Et 3
=
200 ×10 × 1×10 9
( )
−2 2
= 17.96 kNm
(
12 1 − υ 2
) (
12 1 − 0.3 2
)
a 2.3
c= = = 2.3 => m = 2
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
b 1
2 2
m c 2 2.3
=> K = + = + = 4.0786
c m 2.3 2
Ramadas Chennamsetti
78
Plate buckling
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
c = 2.3, m = 1, K = 7.4790 Minimum value of
m = 2, K = 4.0786 ‘K’ is considered for
estimation of Ncr
m = 3, K Ramadas
= 4.2890
Chennamsetti
79
Plate and column buckling
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
t
π 2E K
=> σ 1crp = C1 , C1 =
b ( )2
(
12 1 − υ 2 )
t 80
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Plate and column buckling
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Buckling of a column
π 2 EI
Pcr = C 2
l2
π 2 EAk 2 π 2 EA
=> Pcr = C 2 = C2
l 2
(l k )
2
Pcr π 2E
=> σ crc = = C2 2
( )
Column
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
A l
k
π 2E
σ crp = C1
( )
2
Plate
b
t Chennamsetti
Ramadas
81
Plate and column buckling
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
Longer columns – lower critical load
82
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Strain energy
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
U = ∫ (σ xxε xx + σ yyε yy + τ xyγ xy ) dV
1
2V
83
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Strain energy
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Strain energy,
U = ∫ {σ xx σ yy τ xy }{ε xx ε yy γ xy } dV
1 T
2V
∂2w
2
σ xx 1 υ 0 ε 1 υ 0 ∂x
Ez Ez ∂ 2 w
xx
σ yy = − υ 1 0 ε yy = − υ 1 0 2
τ 1 − υ 2
1 + υ 1 − υ 2
1 + υ ∂y
γ
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
xy 0 0 xy 0 0
2 2 ∂ w
2
2
∂x∂y
=> {σ } = [C ]{ε }
84
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Strain energy
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Strain energy,
U = ∫ {σ } {ε }dV = ∫ {ε } [C ]{ε }dV
1 T 1 T
2V 2V
∂ 2 w ∂2w ∂2w
2 + υ 2 2
∂x ∂y ∂x
2
E ∂ w ∂ w ∂ w 2
2 2
=> U = 2 ∫
+ υ 2 + 2 2 z dV
( )
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
2 1 − υ V ∂x ∂y ∂x
∂ w
2 2
+ 2(1 − υ )
∂x∂y 85
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Strain energy
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
−
2
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
3
Eh
D=
12 1 − υ 2
( ) 86
Ramadas Chennamsetti
Strain energy
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
Simplify
∂ 2 w ∂ 2 w 2
+
2
D ∂ x ∂x
2
U = ∫
2 A
∂ 2w ∂ 2w ∂ 2w 2
dxdy
− 2 (1 − υ ) ∂ x 2 ∂ x 2 − ∂ x ∂ y
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
Strain energy – Finite Element Method – Total
potential approach
87
Ramadas Chennamsetti
R&DE (Engineers), DRDO
rd_mech@yahoo.co.in
88
Ramadas Chennamsetti