HIGHER COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT: BUSINESS STUDIES

Final Examination: Assignment Based Assessment

Semester: II A. Y.: 2019 / 2020

Student Name
Student ID

Question 1:
 a. Standard deviation is best method to find consistency of machine, the greater the S.D,
the greater the dispersion of the data in the process. The three above processes have a
mean (average) of 10 but the S.D is different. A smaller variance to the norm implies
greater continuity, predictability and efficiency.

b. Find the consistency of the machinery using Standard deviation.

c. Machine 1

X X - X́ (X - X́ )2
6 -1 1
9 2 4
6 -1 1
3 -4 16
8 1 1
11 4 16
4 -3 9
9 2 4
∑ x =56 ∑ (X − X́ )= 0 ∑ ( X− X́ )2=52

56
X́ = =7
8

√ ∑ ( X− X́ )
N

52
σ=
√ 8

σ =√ 6.5

σ =2.55

Machine 2
X X - X́ (X - X́ )2
9 3 9
7 1 1
4 -2 4
5 -1 1
6 0 0
7 1 1
5 -1 1
5 -1 1
∑ x =48 ∑ (X − X́ )= 0 ∑ ( X− X́ )2=18

48
X́ = =6
8

√ ∑ ( X− X́ )
N

18
σ=
√ 8

σ =√ 2.25

σ =1.5

Machine 2 has better consistency than machine A

c.
If consistency is more than 8.2 than must be returned back because that machine cannot gives
better consistency of productivity.

Question 2:

a. Yes Mr. Ahmed should do requirements of sales staff. It includes analyzing the
requirement and job, screening and sketching applicants and choose competent
employees that will help to increase sales.
b. Mode

Sales No. of days

0-10 5
10-20 7
 20-30 10
30-40 5
40-50 8
50-60 5
60-70 5
70-80 5

(f 1−f 0)
M =L+ ×c
( f 1−f 0 )+( f 1−f 2)

c= length= 10

f 1=frequency of mode clan=10

f 0=frequency of proceeding clan=7

f 2=frequency of succeeding clan=5

L=lower clan boundary

(10−7)
M =20+ × 10
2 ( 10 )−7−5

3
M =20+ ×10
8

M =20+3.75mode=23.75

Mode could be used for over all characterization and data distribution with mean, median,
also it can be used to identify issues in your results. A distribution more than one mode
indicates that sample data has two populations.

Question 3:

18=male
12= females

a. Female students

P( A)=12 /30

b. Male students

P( B)=18/30
c. P (male or A grade)

P (male) + P (A grade) – P (male and A grade)

18 12 5
+ −
30 30 30

18 7 5
+ =
30 30 6

d. Probability can never be greater than 1 because it is rule of probability.

Question 4:

a.

Class frequency
20-23 11
23-26 14
26-29 3
29-32 1
32-35 0
35-38 1

b. More suitable graph:

Histogram is more suitable graph to represent grouped data

Histogram gives information about spread of data skewness of data and gives information
about mean, median and mode of the data

c. Frequency distribution are mostly used for summarize categorical variables that is
because metric variable tend to have many distinct values for better to use frequency
distribution.
Question 5:

a.
Years Advertisement Sales XY X2 y2
expenditure (X) (Y)
2013 3 15 45 9 225
2014 9 22 198 81 484
2015 6 18 108 36 324
2016 1 10 10 1 100
2017 8 19 152 64 361
2018 8 21 168 64 441
2019 5 17 85 25 289

∑ X=¿ 40¿ ∑ Y =¿ 122¿ ∑ XY =¿ 766 ¿ ∑ X 2=¿ 280 ¿ ∑ Y 2=¿ 2224 ¿

N ∑ xy−( ∑ x)( ∑ y)
r=
√ ¿ ¿¿
( 7 )( 766 ) −(40)( 122)
r=
√ ¿¿ ¿
5362−4880
r=
√ [ 1960−1600 ][ 15568−14884 ]
482
r=
√ [ 360 ][ 684 ]
482
r=
√ 246240
482
r=
496.2
r =0. 97
Correlation is greater than 0.5. So, company should continue spending on advertisements
 b. The most commonly used is the Pearson correlation coefficient. The resilience of the
linear relation among normally distributed variables is measured. If the data is not
normally distributed, or the relationship between the variables is not linear, the use of
the Spearman rank correlation method may be more appropriate.

Question 6:

Years Advertisement Sales XY X2

expenditure (X) (Y)
2013 3 15 45 9
2014 9 22 198 81
2015 6 18 108 36
2016 1 10 10 1
2017 8 19 152 64
2018 8 21 168 64
2019 5 17 85 25

∑ X=¿ 40¿ ∑ Y =¿ 122¿ ∑ XY =¿ 766 ¿ ∑ X 2=¿ 280 ¿

a=( ∑ y ) ¿ ¿

(122 ) ( 280)−(4 0)(766)

a=
7 ( 280 )−( 40 )2
(34160)−( 30640)
a=
( 1960 )−(1600)
3520
a=
360
a=9.7

b=n ( ∑ xy ) −¿ ¿

7 (766 )−40(122)
b=
7 ( 280 )−( 40 )2
5362−4880
b=
1960−1600
 482
b=
360
b=1.33
Regression:
y=a+bx
y=9.7+1.33 ( 10 )
y=9.7+13.3
y=23

Question 7:

a) Population of the study

Students of different colleges across Muscat Governorate are the population of study.

b) Suitable sampling method and sample size

Random sampling is suitable sampling method for this research. Sample size is 30,000.

c) Dependant and Independent Variable if applicable

Attendance of students, no. of study hours per day, internal marks and discipline in class with
grades obtained in final exam are dependent variable and number of students is independent
variables.

d) Which Research Instrument you will use to collect the data. Discuss with reason

Survey will be used for data collection for this research. Surveys focus on reaching, if
necessary, thousands of possible participants, ensuring a more accurate sample in which to
draw conclusions. The confidentiality of surveys enables people to become more candid
about their responses. To obtain accurate data you need your participants with their answers
to be as honest as possible.

e) What type of statistics is this? Descriptive or inferential? Give reason for your
answer.

This type of statistic is Descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics just use data to give
population descriptions, whether through numerical analysis, graphs or tables.
Question 8:

You are required to:-

a) Calculate three yearly urban population trends using moving average method.
Urban 3 year moving average of Urban population
Population
Year Population

2020 5,106,626 4,442,970 -

2019 4,974,986 4,273,762 (4442970+ 4273762+4083206)

=4266646
3

2018 4,829,473 4,083,206 (4273762+ 4083206+3874042)

=4077003.3
3

2017 4,665,928 3,874,042 (4083206+3874042+ 3650429)

=3869225.6
3

2016 4,479,219 3,650,429 3874042+3650429+3416565

=3647012
3

2015 4,267,348 3,416,565 3650429+ 3416565+ 2285997

=3117663.6
3

2014 3,041,434 2,285,997 -

b) How do you prefer moving average over normal average in this case?
The moving average line, albeit with a lag, is the same if the price is moving up or down. The
price crosses the moving average line, after a price turning point. Moving averages are being
used to forecast constantly demanding consumer goods, where there is slight trend or
seasonality. This is useful to isolate random variance by moving average. The typical method
of traveling is easy to grasp and to quantify.

Question 9:

a. 35 students
Average weight = 45kg
Weight of teacher = 70kg
Mean=?

45+70 115
X́ = = =3.19
36 36
 b. 5 more students

150+ 140+ 135+137+135+140 837

X́ = =
40 40
X́ =20.92

c. Average weight = 42.5

Question 10:

a)
Muscat
X X - X́ (X - X́ )2

22 2.4 5.76

20 0.4 0.16

19 -0.6 0.36

23 3.4 11.56

16 -3.6 12.96

18 -1.6 2.56

∑ x =118 ∑ ( X− X́ )2=33.36

standard deviation= √ ∑ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
mean= X́=19.6
33.36
standard deviation=
√ 6
standard deviation= √5.56
standard deviation=2.36
S .D
CV = × 100
Mean
2.36
CV = × 100
19.6
CV =12 %
Salalah
X X - X́ (X - X́ )2

10 -5.1 26.01

20 4.9 24.01

18 2.9 8.41

12 -3.1 9.61

15 -0.1 0.01

16 0.9 0.81

∑ x =91 ∑ ( X− X́ )2=68.86

standard deviation= √ ∑ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
mean= X́=15.1
68.86
standard deviation=
√ 6
standard deviation= √ 11.47
standard deviation=3.38
S .D
CV = × 100
Mean
3.38
CV = ×100
15.1
CV =22.38 %
Muscat have high consistency

c. CV is useful since SD must always be understood in relation to the data mean. The
actual value of the CV, on the other hand, is independent of the unit in which the
measurement was taken, so this is a dimensionless number.