Late Edition
Today, partly sunny, afternoon thun-
VOL. CLXIX . . . . No. 58,735
Taking On the Outbreak Themselves
Tenants handing out masks and sanitizer in the South Bronx. Residents of public housing aren’t waiting for the city to help. Page A6.
Virus Surges, Unable to Eradicate Covid-19, Race Will End
Knocking U.S. World Learns to Live With It Nov. 3, Right?
Back on Ropes
looking for targeted ways to find
By MATT PHILLIPS
and ANUPREETA DAS
On Wednesday, governors,
mayors, investors and others
across the United States woke up
to news that was impossible to ig-
nore. More than 35,000 new coro-
navirus cases had been identified
the day before. It was the highest
number reported in a single day
since late April.
The news kept getting worse.
Florida, Texas, Oklahoma and
South Carolina reported their
highest single-day totals. New
York instituted a quarantine for
some travelers from out of state.
And the stock market slid 2.6 per-
cent as investors fretted about
what the latest troubling news
meant for economic recovery.
It was as if the country had
found itself back in March — at the
start of the pandemic, in the early
days of the lockdown, when masks
were in short supply and the death
toll was skyrocketing.
By the end of Wednesday, more
than 36,000 new cases had been
reported nationwide, the second-
highest daily total since the pan-
demic began.
The new cases showed that the
outbreak had been far from con-
tained. That could lead some
states to slow the process of re-
opening businesses, further hob-
bling the economy and delaying
its recovery.
Some states, including New
York, which at one point had the
most virus cases, have brought
the number under control. But
cases are still rising in more than
20 states, especially in the South
and West.
Florida reported a new daily
high of 5,508 cases on Wednesday,
and the percentage of residents
Continued on Page A10
Facial Recognition Tool Led to Black Man’s Arrest. It Was Wrong.
By KASHMIR HILL
On a Thursday afternoon in
January, Robert Julian-Borchak
Williams was in his office at an au-
tomotive supply company when
he got a call from the Detroit Po-
lice Department telling him to
come to the station to be arrested.
He thought at first that it was a
prank.
An hour later, when he pulled
TRACKING AN OUTBREAK A4-10
A Maskless Salute in Moscow
Thousands turned out to mark Russia’s
defeat of Nazi Germany, but few, includ-
ing veterans, took precautions. PAGE A4
Texas Restart Backfires
As new cases mount, Gov. Greg Abbott
is facing increasing pressure over his
decision to open the economy. PAGE A9
© 2020 The New York Times Company
Don’t Bet on It
This article is by Sui-Lee Wee,
Benjamin Mueller and Emma
Bubola.
China is testing restaurant
workers and delivery drivers
block by block. South Korea tells
people to carry two types of masks
for differing risky social situa-
tions. Germany requires commu-
nities to crack down when the
number of infections hits certain
thresholds. Britain will target lo-
cal outbreaks in a strategy that
Prime Minister Boris Johnson
calls “Whac-a-Mole.”
Around the world, governments
that had appeared to tame the co-
ronavirus are adjusting to the re-
ality that the disease is here to
stay. But in a shift from damaging
nationwide lockdowns, they are
CHARLY TRIBALLEAU/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
A movie theater in Tokyo. Japan is trying to keep its limits light.
into his driveway in a quiet subdi-
vision in Farmington Hills, Mich.,
a police car pulled up behind,
blocking him in. Two officers got
out and handcuffed Mr. Williams
on his front lawn, in front of his
wife and two young daughters,
who were distraught. The police
wouldn’t say why he was being ar-
rested, only showing him a piece
of paper with his photo and the
words “felony warrant” and “lar-
INTERNATIONAL A11-13
Kim’s Flip-Flop Strategy
North Korea, having raised tensions
last week, lowered them — a familiar
approach of Kim Jong-un and his fore-
bears. News Analysis. PAGE A11
France’s Slave-Trading Past
After the killing of George Floyd, some
argue the country’s role should be
remembered and explained. PAGE A12
NATIONAL A14-22
Barr Accused During Hearing
Career Justice Department officials told
a House committee that politics drove
decisions in two cases. PAGE A15
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
and stop outbreaks before they
become third or fourth waves.
While the details differ, the
strategies call for giving govern-
ments flexibility to tighten or ease
as needed. They require some mix
of intensive testing and monitor-
ing, lightning-fast response times,
tight border management and
constant reminders to their citi-
zens of the dangers of frequent hu-
man contact.
The strategies often force cen-
tral governments and local offi-
cials to share data and work
closely together, overcoming in-
compatible computer systems,
turf battles and other longstand-
ing bureaucratic rivalries. Al-
Continued on Page A8
ceny.”
His wife, Melissa, asked where
he was being taken. “Google it,”
she recalls an officer replying.
The police drove Mr. Williams to
a detention center. He had his mug
shot, fingerprints and DNA taken,
and was held overnight. Around
noon on Friday, two detectives
took him to an interrogation room
and placed three pieces of paper
on the table, face down.
BUSINESS B1-7
Bayer’s $10 Billion Settlement
The chemical and pharmaceutical
maker faced claims linking its Roundup
weedkiller to cases of cancer. PAGE B1
Asking Bezos to Walk the Talk
From racist graffiti to missed promo-
tions, black employees at Amazon say a
“systemic pattern of racial bias” perme-
ates the company.
SPORTSTHURSDAY B9-11
Pandemic’s Latest Casualties
Marathons in New York City and Berlin
were canceled as organizers decided
the risks were too high.
GABRIELA BHASKAR FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
By SHANE GOLDMACHER
The cliffhanger elections on
Tuesday night in Kentucky and
New York didn’t just leave the
candidates and voters in a state of
suspended animation wondering
who had won. Election officials,
lawyers and political strategists in
both parties said the lack of re-
sults was a bracing preview of
what could come after the polls
close in November: no clear and
immediate winner in the presi-
dential race.
With the coronavirus pandemic
swelling the number of mailed-in
ballots to historic highs across the
nation, the process of vote-
counting has become more un-
wieldy, and election administra-
tors are straining to keep up and
deliver timely results. The jumble
of election rules and deadlines by
state, including in presidential
battlegrounds like Pennsylvania
and Wisconsin, all but ensures
that the victor in a close race won’t
be known on Nov. 3.
And top election officials are
warning that if the race between
Donald J. Trump and Joseph R. Bi-
den Jr. is anything but a blowout,
the public and the politicians need
to recalibrate expectations for
when the 2020 campaign will
come to a decisive conclusion.
“I don’t think it matters when
you go to bed — you can stay up as
late as you want, you won’t have
an answer,” said Chris Thomas,
who served for 36 years as the
state director of elections in Mich-
igan.
Already in this primary season,
state after state has seen it take
longer than usual to tally enough
votes to project winners. New
York and Kentucky are just the
Continued on Page A19
“When’s the last time you went
to a Shinola store?” one of the de-
tectives asked, in Mr. Williams’s
recollection. Shinola is an upscale
boutique that sells watches, bicy-
cles and leather goods in the
trendy Midtown neighborhood of
Detroit. Mr. Williams said he and
his wife had checked it out when
the store first opened in 2014.
The detective turned over the
Continued on Page A21
THURSDAY STYLES D1-6
Hearts in Bloom Across City
PAGE B1 Lewis Miller, a florist beloved for his
botanical street installations, spreads a
little joy with “flower flashes.” PAGE D6
A Toxic Culture at CrossFit
Women report rampant sexual har-
assment and other mistreatment from
PAGE B9 top male management.
derstorms, high 85. Tonight, clear,
low 69. Tomorrow, mostly sunny,
very warm, not too humid, high 88.
Weather map appears on Page B8.
$3.00
Biden Holds 14-Point Edge
Over Trump in a New Poll
Voters Signal Disapproval Over President’s
Handling of Pandemic and Protests
This article is by Alexander was first elected, she had resolved
Burns, Jonathan Martin and Matt to “give him a chance,” but had
Stevens. since concluded that he and his
Joseph R. Biden Jr. has taken a party were irredeemable.
commanding lead over President “I was one of those people who
Trump in the 2020 race, building a stuck by Nixon until he was wav-
wide advantage among women ing goodbye,” Ms. Myles said. “I
and nonwhite voters and making thought I was a good Republican
deep inroads with some tradition- and thought they had my values,
ally Republican-leaning groups but they have gone down the
that have shifted away from Mr. tubes these last few years.”
Trump following his ineffective re- Ms. Myles said she planned to
sponse to the coronavirus pan- vote for Mr. Biden, expressing
demic, according to a new na- only one misgiving: “I wish he
tional poll of registered voters by was younger,” she said.
The New York Times and Siena Most stark may be Mr. Biden’s
College. towering advantage among white
Mr. Biden is currently ahead of women with college degrees, who
Mr. Trump by 14 percentage support him over Mr. Trump by 39
points, garnering 50 percent of the percentage points. In 2016, exit
vote compared with 36 percent for polls found that group preferred
Mr. Trump. That is among the Mrs. Clinton to Mr. Trump by just
most dismal showings of Mr. 7 percentage points. The poll also
Trump’s presidency, and a sign found that Mr. Biden has nar-
that he is the clear underdog right rowed Mr. Trump’s advantage
now in his fight for a second term. with less-educated white voters.
Mr. Trump has been an unpopu- The exodus of white voters from
lar president for virtually his en- Continued on Page A18
tire time in office. He has made
few efforts since his election in
If the election were held today,
2016 to broaden his support be-
yond the right-wing base that whom would you vote for?
vaulted him into office with only
46 percent of the popular vote and
a modest victory in the Electoral
All registered voters
Biden Trump
50% 36
College.
But among a striking cross-sec-
GENDER
Female 55 33
tion of voters, the distaste for Mr.
Trump has deepened as his ad-
ministration failed to stop a
Male 43 40
AGE
deadly disease that crippled the
economy and then as he re- 18 to 34 59 25
sponded to a wave of racial-justice 35 to 49 53 30
protests with angry bluster and
militaristic threats. The dominant 50 to 64 44 45
picture that emerges from the poll
65 and older 47 45
is of a country ready to reject a
president whom a strong majority
RACE AND EDUCATION
of voters regard as failing the
Black 79 5
greatest tests confronting his ad-
Hispanic 64 25
ministration.
Mr. Biden leads Mr. Trump by White 43 44
enormous margins with black and
White, college 58 30
Hispanic voters, and women and
young people appear on track to White, no college 34 53
choose Mr. Biden by an even
wider margin than they favored PARTY IDENTIFICATION
Hillary Clinton over Mr. Trump in
Democrat 90 5
2016. But the former vice presi-
dent has also drawn even with Mr.
Independent 50 29
Trump among male voters, whites Republican 5 90
and people in middle age and old-
er — groups that have typically IDEOLOGY
been the backbones of Republican Very liberal 88 5
electoral success, including Mr.
Somewhat liberal 80 11
Trump’s in 2016.
Arlene Myles, 75, of Denver, Moderate 57 24
said she had been a Republican for 26 58
Somewhat conservative
nearly six decades before switch-
Very conservative 11 84
ing her registration to independ-
ent earlier this year during Mr.
Based on a New York Times/Siena College poll
Trump’s impeachment trial. Ms. of 1,337 registered voters, June 17 to 22. Other
Myles said that when Mr. Trump responses not shown. THE NEW YORK TIMES
Divided Appellate Panel Orders
Dismissal of Case Against Flynn
By CHARLIE SAVAGE
WASHINGTON — A divided suspended deadlines for further
federal appeals court panel or- briefs and a July 16 hearing in his
dered an immediate end on review, suggesting he was study-
Wednesday to the case against ing his options or waiting to see
Michael T. Flynn, President what the broader group of judges
Trump’s former national security might do.
adviser — delivering a major vic- The order from the panel — a
tory to Mr. Flynn and to the Jus- so-called writ of mandamus —
tice Department, which had was rare and came as a surprise,
sought to drop the case. taking its place as yet another
In the ruling, two of three
judges on a panel for the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the District of
twist in the extraordinary legal
and political drama surrounding
the prosecution of Mr. Flynn, who
Columbia Circuit ordered the trial twice pleaded guilty to lying to
judge overseeing the matter, Em- F.B.I. agents in the Russia investi-
met G. Sullivan, to immediately gation about his conversations in
dismiss the case without further December 2016 with the Russian
review. The third accused his col- ambassador to the United States.
leagues of “grievously” overstep- Mr. Flynn’s case became a polit-
ping their powers. ical cause for Mr. Trump and his
But the full appeals court has supporters, who have sought to
the option of reviewing the matter, discredit the broader inquiry into
and Judge Sullivan did not imme- Russia’s interference in the 2016
diately dismiss the case in re- election and links to the Trump
sponse to the ruling. Instead, he Continued on Page A15
ARTS C1-8
Protests, and All That Jazz
Jon Batiste, the “Late Show” bandleader,
has been marching and bringing his
musical message to the streets. PAGE C1
Turmoil at the Met Museum
A curator’s Instagram post on protecting
monuments from “zealots” drew staff
charges of systemic racism. PAGE C1
EDITORIAL, OP-ED A24-25
Ross Douthat PAGE A24
U(D54G1D)y+?!]!&!$!"
PAGE D1
A2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
A. G. SULZBERGER
Publisher
The truth
Founded in 1851
ADOLPH S. OCHS
is worth it.
Publisher 1896-1935
ARTHUR HAYS SULZBERGER
Publisher 1935-1961
ORVIL E. DRYFOOS
Publisher 1961-1963
ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER
Publisher 1963-1992
ARTHUR OCHS SULZBERGER JR.
Publisher 1992-2017
Inside The Times
THE STORY BEHIND THE STORY
Make sense of the
news, every day, with
David Leonhardt.
The
Morning A portrait by Ramona Ferreyra of Carmen Perez, her
grandmother, for an article about residents coping in the Bronx.
When the Subjects Take the Shots
By GABRIELA BHASKAR
A Newsletter When the coronavirus swept across New
York City, it became instantly clear which
cracks in society were going to become
chasms. People living in the city’s public
housing were particularly at risk, given
the overcrowding, their limited resources
and their jobs, many of which called for
them to keep working outside their homes.
As a freelance photojournalist, I pro-
posed an article that focused on those
residents. The reporter David Gonzalez, a
Sign up for the newsletter team of editors and I came upon families
nytimes.com/themorning in the South Bronx who were continuing a
community tradition of organizing to help
their neighbors. The social distancing
policies that kept our subjects and us safe
prevented me from intimately capturing
people in their homes. So instead, we
handed them cameras.
I sanitized and dropped off a Fujifilm
Instax Mini, several cartridges of film,
simple instructions and a list of sugges-
tions about what to shoot. My hope was
that their pictures would be reminiscent of
family photo albums. David and I had
sensed themes through our interviews,
which led to specific prompts and ques-
tions. What are some challenges to educat-
ing your kids at home? What is your setup
there? What does boredom look like?
One woman, Ramona Ferreyra, men-
tioned that her grandmother’s birthday
was coming up, so I asked her to photo-
graph what they would be doing to cele-
brate. She also told me the hot water was
out in her building, an issue common
among residents in the city’s public hous-
ing, and that the dishes were piling up. So
I asked her to shoot that.
I teach photography, and as an educator,
On This Day in History
A MEMORABLE HEADLINE FROM THE NEW YORK TIMES
TODAY IS ‘ICED COFFEE’ DAY
June 25, 1939. There was a caffeine buzz in the offing at the New York World’s Fair in
Queens, The Times reported: Four coffee organizations were due to meet in the morning,
“go to the Court of Peace for flag-raising ceremonies and return to the Venezuelan pavil-
ion for iced coffee.” The Times had reported a year earlier on a concerted push by coffee
interests to promote iced coffee in order to reverse the decline in coffee sales during the
summer months.
Helping you live better. Subscribers can browse the complete Times archives through 2002 at timesmachine.nytimes.com.
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VIDEO
The family of Rayshard Brooks,
who was fatally shot by an Atlanta
police officer, held his funeral at
the church where the Rev. Dr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was a
pastor. See scenes from the
service. nytimes.com/video
NEWSLETTER
Be the first to read books news
RAMONA FERREYRA
and to see reviews and features in
The New York Times Book Re-
view by signing up for its twice-
weekly email newsletter.
nytimes.com/booksupdate
I am wary of directing my students’ vision
and changing how they see. I view my role
as helping them fill gaps in their storytell-
ing. I did once show Ramona an image to
give her an idea about how she might
photograph her grandmother’s hands
playing dominoes, but ultimately the BRIEFING
intimacy in Ramona’s photos did not come Get up-to-the-minute news on the
from my guidance; it came from their coronavirus and the disease it
relationship. A portrait of her grand- causes, Covid-19, by visiting The
mother, Carmen Perez, with the ease and Times’s coronavirus live briefing.
sparkle in Carmen’s eyes, is something It’s continually updated each day.
nytimes.com/coronavirus
only Ramona could have captured.
I’ll admit, removing myself as the pho-
tographer initially bruised my ego. Al-
though I have always been uncomfortable
with the dynamic between subject and
photographer — we wield a lot of power —
when I received this opportunity to work
in a more collaborative way, the process
felt foreign. But after looking at the pic-
tures as a whole, I realized that this ap-
proach resulted in a richer portrait of EVENT
these lives.
How will museums change in the
What I took away from working on this
years ahead, in the face of uncer-
project is that this community has been
tain federal financing for the arts?
overlooked for generations, but that the
The Times’s Corner Office col-
power and determination of the people
umnist, David Gelles, will talk to
who live there have kept the Bronx alive. Lonnie G. Bunch III, the secretary
I am often asked by people I interview, of the Smithsonian Institution and
“What do you know about living here?” the founding director of the Na-
David grew up in the Bronx, but they are tional Museum of African Ameri-
right. What do I know? I am only learning can History and Culture. Tuesday,
and sharing what I learn. I hope this June 30, 2:30 p.m. E.D.T.
process got to the heart of that a little timesevents.nytimes.com
more. I’m grateful for the time and vulner-
ability that each person in this article
shared with us. They are the story.
To read the article on the Bronx families, go to
Page A6. Contact the Newsroom
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 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020 N A3

Of Interest
NOTEWORTHY FACTS FROM TODAY’S PAPER

Overall, sales of lace bras A huge study in the Soviet Union

increased 37 percent between the of 320,000 people, from 1968
first half of April and the second, to 1975, found reduced mortality
according to NPD Group, a market from flu in people immunized with
research company. other vaccines, including the oral
Provocative Purchases D3 polio vaccine.
• Soviet-Era Studies Offer Possible Path
To Vaccine A8
The music of Jon Batiste, the jazz
pianist and bandleader for “The Late •
Show With Stephen Colbert,” will be The auto industry is the nation’s
featured in the film “Soul,” the first largest manufacturing sector.
Pixar feature to center on a black Automakers Pulling Out of a Skid B1

lead, slated for Nov. 20. CLAY HICKSON

•
Jon Batiste Is Taking It to the Streets C1 Nursing home deaths have
• accounted for more than
Less than 4 percent of Facebook’s In the United States, 94 percent 60 percent of the fatalities from
work force is black. of soybean crops and roughly 90 the coronavirus in Massachusetts.
Race Issues Grow Louder at Amazon B1 percent of cotton and corn now come Inquiry Finds ‘Nightmare’ at a Home
from genetically altered seeds. For Veterans A10

Roundup’s Maker Agrees to Pay

More Than $10 Billion to Settle Thousands
Of Claims That the Weedkiller Causes Cancer.
Monsanto’s Legacy to Bayer. B1

The Conversation Spotlight

FOUR OF THE MOST READ, SHARED AND DISCUSSED POSTS ADDITIONAL REPORTAGE AND REPARTEE
FROM ACROSS NYTIMES.COM FROM OUR JOURNALISTS

Biden Takes Dominant Lead as Voters Reject Trump
On Virus and Race
A New York Times/Siena College poll of registered voters
nationwide found that Joe Biden is ahead of President Trump
by 14 percentage points and cutting into the president’s sup-
port. This was Wednesday’s most read article.
E.U. May Bar American Travelers as It Reopens Borders,
Citing Failures on Virus
The European Union is set to reopen on July 1, and members
of the bloc are completing their border policies. Travelers
from countries who do not have control of the coronavirus
could be denied entry, and in a draft of the agreement, the
United States is one of those nations. This article received
larger-than-normal readership from European countries.
The Times journalist Katie Van Syckle was due to deliver her
first baby on Wednesday. In the final days leading up to her
due date, she reported an article about other women’s experi-
ences giving birth during the Covid-19 pandemic in New York
City, “which has reshaped and added tension (and whole lot of
fear) into an already uncertain (and bonkers) time,” as
Ms. Van Syckle put it on Twitter. A selection of her tweets
about the story follows.
I learned hospital policies vary widely between
institutions in NYC, which women say contributes to
their anxiety. But if you’re preparing to give birth in NYC
or elsewhere, there are a few things you can do to ease
your nerves.

The pregnant-during-Covid-19 group on Facebook

is active, and women across the country are sharing
notes. You can also call the maternity ward directly
by dialing a hospital’s main line and asking to be
transferred to labor and delivery.

In New York, the policies vary by each hospital system,

but generally, doulas are now allowed and your partner
must be able to stay throughout labor/delivery and
postpartum — per Gov. Cuomo’s executive order. If you
are not in NYC, ask your hospital what their latest rules

Chain,
VICTOR MORIYAMA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Madison Cawthorn, 24, Upsets Trump-Endorsed Favorite

Chain,
In North Carolina For example:
Mr. Cawthorn will turn 25 before November’s elections, and if • Will you be tested? When?
he wins, he would be the youngest lawmaker in the modern

Chain
• Can you get tested early if you’re being
history of Congress and one of the youngest ever elected. He induced or having a C-section?
will be on the ballot to fill the congressional seat vacated by • How long do tests take to come back?
Mark Meadows, President Trump’s chief of staff. • Will you have to labor in a mask?
Pipette Necklace
Live: New York State Primary Election Results 2020 • What happens if you test positive? 18 K / D i a m o n d
• Will your baby be isolated from you?
The final results of many primary elections around the coun-
try will take weeks to determine because of an increase in
Katie Van Syckle @KatieVanSyckle
absentee voting.
Read Ms. Van Syckle’s article at nytimes.com/metro.

PA U L M O R E L L I .C OM
Quote of the Day “I’m a Catholic and a lesbian, an engineer and an artist, and N YC : 8 95 M A D I S O N ( 7 2 N D & M A D I S O N )
UNITED IN MUSIC, FAITH AND
MESSAGING, EVEN AFTER
a pacifist who works for the Army. I live in the middle of a P H L : 1118 WA L N U T S T R E E T
212. 5 8 5 . 42 0 0
A FIRING A14 paradox, so I’ve always got one foot out the door, period.”
TERRY GONDA, a music director who was fired from her church job because she is married to a woman.

The Mini Crossword Here to Help

BY JOEL FAGLIANO HOW THE PANDEMIC HAS AFFECTED PASSPORT AND GLOBAL ENTRY APPLICATIONS UNTIL JULY 12

1 2 3 4 Travel is gradually returning, but not with-

out disruptions. And they go beyond just
airports and travel bans. Here’s what to
5
expect when applying for or renewing a
passport or Global Entry membership.
6 TACEY RYCHTER

U.S. passports. About 1.7 million Ameri-

7 cans in need of passports were facing se-
vere delays earlier this month because of
8
processing center closures. Fifteen centers
had reopened for limited service as of June MICHAEL REYNOLDS/EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCK

19. Pending applications will be addressed approval at the Department of Homeland

6/25/2020 EDITED BY WILL SHORTZ
on a first in, first out basis, beginning with Security’s website but will be unable to
ACROSS
the oldest applications received — some schedule an interview until after July 6.
1 2019 box office bomb going back as far as February. Officials The fastest way to get Global Entry now
described by Rotten have said it could take up to eight weeks to is to apply for conditional approval online
Tomatoes as a “clawful mistake” cut through the backlog. That means if and complete the enrollment process upon
5 Thwack, as a fly you’re applying for a passport now, you arrival from abroad at a participating air-
6 Constantly zoning out should expect delays of at least two port. You won’t need to pre-schedule an
7 Urban green space months. interview for this. Conditional approval can
8 Owner of Buzz and Woody Expedited services, barring life-or-death take from 15 days to more than five months.
in “Toy Story” circumstances, have been suspended until Global Entry applicants who are condi-
the final phase of reopening the passport tionally approved have a year to complete
DOWN offices (no timeline has been announced for their enrollment interview. The C.B.P.
1 Channel for political junkies this). If you’re considering using a private recently extended this grace period to 485 NOW ON UNTIL JULY 12
2 Oscar or Tony expediting company, remember that they days. Members who apply for renewal
3
4
Far from high-class
Pigpen
charge additional fees and cannot help you before their expiration is up will have an ALLURING OFFERS ON
get your passport faster than if you apply
6 Business with lots of white robes
in person at a passport agency.
18-month extension, instead of the usual six ALL COLLECTIONS
months.
Global Entry. This U.S. Customs and Border New Yorkers are currently not eligible to
SOLUTION TO
P R E K Protection program lets preapproved mem- apply for or renew Global Entry member-
PREVIOUS PUZZLE ship because of a freeze by the Trump
H O P E
bers skip customs lines when returning to
the United States from abroad. Enrollment administration earlier this year.
G O O E Y
centers that process Global Entry applica- For more on the pandemic and travel, visit
A N T E S
tions have suspended operations until at nytimes.com/travel.
Y E S
least July 6. You can apply for conditional
A4 THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak
0N

Coronavirus Update Hot Spots in the United States

As of Wednesday evening, more than 2,383,500 people across every state, plus Washington, D.C., and four U.S. territories, have tested positive for
the coronavirus, according to a New York Times database. More than 121,800 people with the virus have died in the United States.
New U.S. Cases Up 14% Over Past 2 Weeks
How the number of new cases
Fresh Outbreaks Reported in Italy and Japan has changed over the last two weeks

Wash.
Global Economy Is Expected to Shrink 4.9% Falling Rising ĺ Few or same
number of cases Maine
Mont. N.D.

By JAMES BARRON Ore. Minn.

Idaho Wis. N.Y. Vt. N.H.
The coronavirus is slogging through the South and Southwest —
Mass.
cases have surged 14 percent over 14 days, and the 35,000 new cases S.D. Mich.
on Tuesday were the most on a single day since late April. People in Wyo. Conn. R.I.
places that were spared early in the pandemic are fearful, and offi-
Iowa Pa.
cials in places that were ravaged early are trying desperately to
N.J.
keep what they did to control the outbreak from being undone. Nev. Neb.
Ohio
On Wednesday, governors from the early epicenter of the out- Ind. Md.
Del.
break in the Northeast said that arriving travelers would have to Ill. D.C.
Utah Colo. W.Va.
quarantine for 14 days. Under the “joint travel advisory” announced Va.
by Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo of New York, Gov. Philip D. Murphy of Calif. Kan. Mo.
New Jersey and Gov. Ned Lamont of Connecticut, travelers from Ky.
eight states with high infection rates would have to isolate them- Ariz. N.C.
selves. But more states could be added to the list and any of the Okla. Ark. Tenn.
original eight could be removed, depending on how their caseloads
N.M. S.C.
fare.
Under thresholds detailed in the advisory, the quarantine re- Ga.
quirement would apply to anyone from a state where 10 percent of Miss.
the Covid-19 tests were positive or where there was a seven-day Ala.
La.
average of more than 10 new cases for every 100,000 people.
Together, the three Northeastern states have reported more Texas
than 26 percent of the nation’s 2.3 million cases and 39 percent of Fla.
Alaska
the 121,000 deaths. But the number of new cases in New York has
largely remained flat for the last 14 days, at around 630 cases. New
cases in New Jersey and Connecticut have also trailed off in June.
“We now have to make sure that the rate continues to drop,” Mr. Hawaii Puerto Rico
Cuomo said. “A lot of people come into this region and they could
literally bring the infection with them. It wouldn’t be malicious or
malevolent, but it would still be real.”
He said that failure to go into isolation in New York could result
in thousand-dollar fines. Connecticut is considering putting up signs Sources: State and local health agencies. The map shows where the average number of reported cases over the past two weeks is increasing, decreasing or
just inside its borders and getting the word out on social media. about the same. Counties with fewer than 20 cases over the past two weeks and parts of a county with a population density lower than 10 people per square mile
are not shaded. Data for Rhode Island is shown at the state level because county data is infrequently reported. Data is as of June 24, 2020, at 5 p.m., Eastern. THE NEW YORK TIMES
The announcement by the three governors was a turnabout
from a couple of months ago, when Florida and Rhode Island sin-
gled out travelers from New York. It came amid the continuing
national debate over whether to reimpose restrictions or push ahead
with reopenings. The result is a patchwork of rules even more con- RUSSIAN PARADES
fusing than during shutdowns that varied from state to state. In
some places, the orders on mask wearing have come from local
authorities. Miami told residents to wear masks outdoors as well as
in public spaces indoors. Across Florida in Clearwater, by contrast, Tanks and Soldiers, but Few Masks, on Victory Day
the Pinellas County commissioners mandated masks indoors but
said nothing about wearing them outdoors. By ANDREW HIGGINS time zones. As the main parade two members of an official delega- pact of friendship between the
In Washington State, Gov. Jay Inslee ordered everyone to wear a MOSCOW — Putting to one side was winding down in Moscow, tion that traveled from Kyrgyz- Kremlin and Hitler as an inevita-
mask indoors and outdoors, declaring that “this is about saving Russia’s unfinished battle against troops began marching in Kali- stan to attend the Moscow parade ble consequence of appeasement
the coronavirus, President Vladi- ningrad, a former German terri- tested positive for coronavirus. by Britain, France and others. He
lives.” Oregon, to the south, has no statewide mask requirement. But
mir V. Putin on Wednesday cele- tory known as East Prussia that The Kyrgyz president, who was also claimed that the Baltic States,
seven of its counties do, under an order from Gov. Kate Brown. was seized by the Soviet Union af-
brated his country’s victory 75 traveling with them, stayed away seized by the Soviet Union as part
Across the border in Idaho, which reported 242 cases on Monday, a ter Hitler’s defeat. of the 1939 pact with Hitler, had
years ago against Nazi Germany, from Red Square on Wednesday.
one-day record, bars are shutting down and gatherings of more than Kremlin critics have accused freely given up their independ-
presiding over an enormous mili- Even Mr. Putin, in a televised
50 people are again outlawed. There is no mask requirement, but Mr. Putin of gambling with public address to the nation on Wednes- ence and had no right to complain
tary parade through Red Square
last week a public health administrator in the state’s Department of health in order to put himself at day, cautioned that, “the fight about Soviet aggression.
that featured thousands of sol-
Health and Welfare posted a video on Facebook promoting mask diers marching shoulder-to-shoul- the center of a gigantic display of against the epidemic continues.” Mr. Putin’s own version of his-
wearing. der without face masks. Russia’s military might and to With the economy and his rat- tory has infuriated Baltic coun-
In Texas, one of the first states to reopen, Gov. Greg Abbott told The parade, the largest of sev- rally support ahead of a nation- ings slumping, however, Mr. Putin tries and also Poland, which he ac-
residents to just stay home. He declared that many Texans had not eral celebrations taking place na- wide vote on his future. Voting on has sought to revive the country’s cused of conniving with Hitler. But
grasped the magnitude of the outbreak. After Texas reported more tionwide, was originally sched- constitutional amendments that spirit with proud memories of the issue has become so inviolable
than 5,000 new cases on Tuesday, its largest single-day total, Mayor uled for May 9, a joyous annual would allow Mr. Putin to stay in Russia’s unequivocal triumph inside Russia that among the con-
Sylvester Turner of Houston said, “I strongly feel we are moving in holiday known as Victory Day, but power until 2036 begins on Thurs- over Nazi Germany. stitutional amendments up for a
the wrong direction and we are moving fast.” was delayed for six weeks by the day. The Soviet Union lost up to 27 vote this week is one banning the
coronavirus pandemic. The out- The mayor of Moscow, Sergei million lives during World War II, “distortion” of Russia’s past.
break continues to grow in Russia Sobyanin, urged residents to Moscow held its first grand vic-
New Coronavirus Cases Announced Daily in U.S. — the world’s third hardest hit watch the parade on television in- tory parade on June 24, 1945, an
As of Wednesday evening, more than 2,383,500 people across every country, with nearly 600,000 cases stead of thronging the streets of event presided over by Stalin, and
state, plus Washington, D.C., and four U.S. territories, have tested — but at a slightly slower pace the city as they usually do. Thou- resumed the ritual in 1965 under
positive for the virus, according to a New York Times database. than before. sands of people still went outside the Soviet leader Leonid I. Brezh-
Aging veterans in their 80s and to watch, but the crowds were nev. The tradition was halted after
90s joined Mr. Putin on the re- smaller than usual. the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Un-
30,000 viewing stand, nearly all of them Yelena Loginova, a 36-year-old ion until President Boris N. Yel-
without masks, to watch 14,000 psychologist, who attended the tsin revived it in 1995, the 50th an-
New cases troops march in tight formation to parade said she had ignored the niversary of Hitler’s defeat, with a
stirring martial music. Tanks, mayor’s advice to watch the large display of troops and mili-
20,000 missiles and other military equip- events on TV because it was tary hardware in Red Square.
ment then trundled through the “much more interesting” to see in President Clinton and several
7-day square in front of the Kremlin, fol- person. other Western leaders attended
average
lowed by a flyover by strategic “You immediately have totally Mr. Yeltsin’s celebration, a display
10,000 bombers, fighter jets and helicop- different emotions than on televi- of respect for Russia’s wartime
ters. sion,” she said. “You feel it directly sacrifice that Mr. Putin had hoped
Mr. Putin, who has spent most when the heavy ones drive by. The would be repeated this year.
of the past three months cooped asphalt shakes under your feet.” While pledging that Russia
up at his country residence, is She said she had traveled with ALEXEY NIKOLSKY/SPUTNIK, VIA A.F.P. “will never forget our allies’ con-
March 1 June 24 hoping that the Moscow parade, her son from a Yoshkar-Ola, a tribution to the common victory,”
President Vladimir V. Putin
Note: Wednesday’s total is incomplete because some states report cases one of dozens held across the town 500 miles east of Moscow, celebrating Russia’s role in the Mr. Putin had a blunt message for
after press time. Data is as of June 24, 2020, at 5 p.m. Eastern.
country on Wednesday, will help just to see the parade in person. absent Western leaders on
Sources: State and local health agencies; hospitals; C.D.C. THE NEW YORK TIMES
Wearing a mask pulled down to
defeat of Hitler’s Germany. Wednesday:
lift the gloom that has settled over
his rule in recent weeks. The crisis her chin, she said she had not even “Remember that the Soviet peo-
has sent his approval rating to its thought about the possible risks of known in Russia as the Great Pa- ple shouldered the main burden of
In places where the coronavirus appeared to be under control, lowest level since he came to standing in a crowd of strangers triotic War. Mr. Putin has made the fight against Nazism,” he said.
new outbreaks remain a risk. Japan’s seven-day average of new power 20 years ago. on the street. the victory over fascism the “It was our people who defeated
cases has climbed to 57, from 39 two weeks ago. Cumulatively, 253 Having staked so much of his Russia on Wednesday reported touchstone of Russia’s collective the terrible, total evil, crushed
new infections have been reported in Tokyo in the last week, 83 from previous popularity on Russia’s 7,176 new coronavirus cases over identity, while also using it as a more than 600 divisions, de-
a single nightlife district. re-emergence as a major global the previous 24 hours. The daily propaganda battering ram stroyed 75 percent of the total
In Rome, which recently emerged from one of the strictest lock- power, Mr. Putin on Wednesday increase in infections has dropped against the West or any griev- number of Nazi aircraft, tanks, ar-
downs in Europe, 122 people were linked to a cluster at a hospital, basked in the glory of Russia’s im- from around 10,000 in May, but ances directed at Moscow from tillery units, and walked their
the San Raffaele Pisana Institute. Separately, 18 people who lived in mense role in the defeat of Hitler’s public health officials have abroad. righteous and infinitely sacrificial
a building with shared bathrooms came down with the virus. “As
Germany and the liberation of Eu- warned that the battle is far from In a lengthy essay published path to the end, to their victorious
rope during World War II. over. last week, Mr. Putin assailed what destination.”
soon as we lowered our guard,” said Paolo La Pietra, who owns a
“It is impossible to even imag- In a sign of the risks involved in he described as Western distor- This, he said, “is the main truth
tobacco shop in the neighborhood, “it hit us back.” ine what would have happened to holding such a large-scale event, tions of history, defending a 1939 about the war, honest and clear.”
In Gütersloh, in western Germany, more than 1,500 workers the world had it not been for the
from a meat-processing plant tested positive, prompting the authori- Red Army that stood up to defend
ties to order weeklong “soft lockdowns” there and in neighboring it” against fascism, he said in a
North Rhine-Westphalia. “The restrictions are less extensive than in speech at the start of the parade.
March,” the district administrator in Gütersloh, Sven-Georg Ade- Few foreign leaders, however,
nauer, explained on his website. “That was particularly important to were on hand to hear his message.
me. I am glad that, for example, the shops can remain open.” European leaders stayed away,
with a few exceptions: the presi-
dent of Serbia, Aleksandar Vucic,
Widening Economic Fallout and the leaders of Moldova and
Two indicators of the economic toll of the pandemic came from Belarus, former Soviet republics.
the International Monetary Fund and Mayor Sadiq Khan of London. President Emmanuel Macron of
The I.M.F. lowered its forecast for global growth, predicting that France and others had planned to
the world economy would shrink 4.9 percent this year. That is no- attend the previously planned pa-
ticeably bleaker than the 3 percent it predicted in April. It also pro- rade in May but skipped the re-
jected a 5.4 percent global growth rate in 2021, far below its pre- scheduled event.
China and India, vying for Rus-
pandemic projections.
sia’s support after recent clashes
The I.M.F. also revised its estimate for the United States, saying
between their armies in a remote
the nation’s gross domestic product — the value of all goods and border region, sent senior officials
services produced in the United States — would plunge 8 percent and also soldiers, who took part in
this year, even more than its April estimate of a 5.9 percent slide. the parade. China sent the largest
Such projections have leaders around the world worried about foreign contingent.
reduced revenue from taxes. Mr. Khan, the London mayor, said that The military parades began
he was considering relocating City Hall to save money. Moving to shortly after midnight Moscow
East London from the center of the British capital would save about time on Tuesday evening in Kam-
£55 million, or roughly $68 million, over five years, he said. chatka on the Pacific Ocean and
then rolled across the country’s 11

Coronavirus Update wraps up the day’s developments with infor- Sophia Kishkovsky contributed re- MIKHAIL VOSKRESENSKIY/HOST PHOTO AGENCY, VIA REUTERS

mation from across the virus report. porting. Russian sailors marching during the Victory Day Parade in Red Square in Moscow on Wednesday.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020 N A5

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A6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak Public Housing

MITCHEL HOUSES

MILL BROOK HOUSES

IN THE SOUTH BRONX

‘The City Fumbled It’:

How Four Families
Took On the Virus
Article by DAVID GONZALEZ
Photographs by GABRIELA BHASKAR
A WALK ALONG 138th Street in
Mott Haven offers a blunt diagno-
sis of a South Bronx community
troubled by chronic, and prevent-
able, illnesses. Asthma, obesity
and diabetes — which has
spawned its own economy, re-
flected in signs on lampposts offer-
ing cash for test strips — have put
the Bronx at the bottom of New
York’s health rankings.
Blocks of housing projects dot
this part of the borough, which has
long been saddled with the distinc-
tion of being the country’s poorest
urban congressional district. The
median family income is $28,038,
compared with $55,191 citywide.
More than a third of residents live
in poverty. Many work in nursing
homes, stock supermarket
shelves or drive city buses.
These conditions left the South
Bronx particularly vulnerable to
the coronavirus.
“You have overcrowded house-
holds,” said Daniel Barber, who
lives in the Jackson Houses in the
Bronx and is the president of the
New York City Housing Authori-
ty’s council of resident association
leaders. “Look at the work they do
— a lot of essential workers, home
health aides who still go to house-
holds and take care of other peo-
ple. The fact is, we’re all infected.”
The city’s housing authority,
which operates the nation’s larg-
est public housing system with
some 400,000 tenants, was under
federal investigation a few years
ago for submitting false paper-
work on lead inspections. But its
problems began decades earlier
when the federal government be-
gan to cut funding. Residents have
MOTT HAVEN HOUSES
long complained about delayed re-
pairs and dirty buildings. The co-
ronavirus only made a bad situa-
tion intolerable.
The Bronx has the highest rates
of coronavirus cases, hospitaliza-
tions and deaths in the city, and
public housing residents have
been frustrated with the conflict-
ing messages from housing offi-
cials and the city about social dis-
tancing; delays in testing; and
lack of cleaning and personal pro-
tective gear. Residents said local
testing did not begin until mid-
May, after thousands had already
been infected.
A spokeswoman for NYCHA
said the agency had “informed the
residents of best health and safety
practices” and “access to re-
sources” through a combination of
social media, phone calls and
signs. The agency said it had also
secured cleaning contracts “from
Day 1” to “sanitize high-touch,
high-traffic areas in all 316 devel-
opments.”
However, residents said that
building maintenance did not im-
prove; contractors did only cur-
sory cleanings in the floors above
the lobby, they said. Instead, many
tenants cleaned the common ar-
eas on their own.
“Even though they knew what
was coming, they weren’t pre-
pared for this,” Mr. Barber said of
the housing authority. “They
waited for the city to take the lead,
and the city fumbled it.”
But like the South Bronx activ-
ists of a generation ago who de-
manded better housing and public
services, the residents are rolling
up their sleeves.
‘WE’RE NOT ALL IN THIS TOGETHER’
Ramona Ferreyra, 39, Mitchel Houses
Ramona Ferreyra missed her
grandmother so much that 18
months ago she left a six-figure
job in Hawaii and returned to the
South Bronx. She unexpectedly
found herself weathering the vi-
rus in her grandmother’s 17th-
floor apartment at a building for
older people.
As winter progressed, Ms. Fer-
reyra warned her grandmother,
Carmen Perez, 89, what to expect,
from masks and hand washing to
testing and social distancing. This
was not speculation: Ms. Fer-
reyra had spent a decade as a de-
fense department contractor in
Oahu, where she earned a mas-
ter’s degree in public policy and a
certificate in disaster manage-
ment. She had devised an emer-
gency response plan for a senior
housing facility in Oahu.
“This is such a classic pandemic
that there is nothing surprising
about it,” Ms. Ferreyra said.
“Then seeing what’s happening
here it’s difficult, because I can see
how each action equals a certain
percentage of deaths. Then those
percentages become people.”
At first, Ms. Perez, a retired “When everything goes away, came an advocate for them.
seamstress, thought her grand- then I’ll go play,” Ms. Perez said. Last year, Ms. Ferreyra applied
daughter was being alarmist. But “Now they’ve kept on playing like for disability from Social Security
news reports, as well as the it’s nothing. But this sickness because of an immune disorder.
deaths of a neighbor across the comes quickly, and I’m not taking She said she was rejected, and the
hall and another longtime tenant, any chances.” request was treated almost dis-
persuaded her to stay put. Her Ms. Ferreyra said it is odd being missively, until she told them she
friends invite her downstairs to stuck inside a building where she had a master’s degree. Her second
break the boredom of isolation has been a familiar face since application is pending.
and play dominoes, as they have childhood. But the tenants have “It’s misleading to tell someone
for decades. They swear they are seen her grow up. They know her in the South Bronx we’re in this to-
not sick. and trust her. And she, in turn, be- gether,” she said, “when the per-

‘WE’RE LAST ON THE BATTLEFIELD WHEN EVERYTHING IS HAPPENING’

Princella Jamerson, 59, Mill Brook Houses

As Princella Jamerson watched
news reports from Wuhan, China,
in December, she thought it would
only be a matter of weeks before
the coronavirus traveled around
the globe to her South Bronx com-
munity. She wasn’t just worried
MELROSE HOUSES about herself; she worried about
the thousands of her neighbors at
the Mill Brook Houses, where, as
head of the residents association,
she works to solve problems be-
tween tenants and housing au-
thority management.
In January, Ms. Jamerson con-
vened a residents’ meeting. “I told
them, ‘Y’all need to prepare your-
selves,’” she said, suggesting they
stock up on food and cleaning sup-
plies and be ready to hunker
down. “I told them it’s going to get
us. Why? People travel, and there
is no way that this hits someplace
else and not hit us.”
She knew that her neighbors
were vulnerable, whether from
age, chronic illness or because
they commute by subway to jobs
that often pay little but keep them
afloat.
Ms. Jamerson took over the
residents association at Mill
Brook in 2007. Having lived in the
neighborhood since 1978, she
knew how bad things had once
been. She watched as the crack
trade and AIDS devastated the
area, compounded by city plan-
ning that led to a concentration of
homeless shelters and drug treat-
ment centers that were rejected
by other neighborhoods.
“It was crazy around here,”
said Ms. Jamerson. “You’d walk
down the street and you’d see a
line like they were giving out
cheese. But it was crack.”
As the pandemic hit, rather
than wait for an official re-
sponse, Ms. Jamerson rallied
with residents and tenant lead-
ers. Before the coronavirus,
their concerns were mostly
about repairs that dragged on
for months. But as the economy
collapsed, they needed to ad-
dress rent, food and keeping
buildings clean.
“Nothing is kept clean,” Ms.
Jamerson said. “There’s spit in

A memorial for people who
died of Covid-19 in the lobby
of one of the buildings at the
Mitchel Houses.
son in Vermont has access to fresh
air, clean water, green space, bet-
ter internet and a quality educa-
tion. You can see we’re not togeth-
er just by seeing how many people
are dying in our community.”
the elevator that’s been there for-
ever.”
She said the cleaners that the
city hires rush through too
quickly to do a careful job. “I’ve
watched them. All they do is
come in and spray two or three
times. They were supposed to
sanitize all the hard surfaces, the
mailboxes, the elevator buttons.
How can someone do that, cover-
ing 16 stories, in 10 minutes?”
A housing authority spokes-
woman replied by email that NY-
CHA contractors clean develop-
ments at least three times a week
and exceed government stand-
ards. She said there was constant
oversight of the vendors, includ-
ing field monitoring, daily devel-
‘AT LEAST I DIDN’T HAVE TO BURY MY WHOLE FAMILY’
Mary Brown, 60, Mott Haven Houses
In the earliest days of the lock-
down, Mary Brown had not been
able to find masks. As a diabetes
peer educator who leads commu-
nity workshops on healthy living,
she knew her neighbors at the
Mott Haven Houses were already
at risk because of heart disease
and immune issues.
“We couldn’t find gloves,
masks, anything,” said Ms.
Brown, who had hoped that the
housing authority would provide
those items. “I wound up paying
$2 each for masks at a pharmacy,
not that it did my mother and sis-
ters any good. I guess by then we
had already gotten it.”
Her questions — and suffering
— have only increased since then.
First her brother, a bus driver, fell
ill, mostly likely from the flu. Then
two of her sisters spent weeks in
intensive care recovering from
Covid-19. In late March her
mother, Mary, 82, was rushed to
the hospital because she could not
breathe. She died — alone — on
April 4. The next day, Ms. Brown’s
15-year-old grandnephew was
stabbed to death in Harlem.
“It’s been hard,” she said. “At
least I didn’t have to bury my
whole family.”
The season of devastating loss
has been made worse by the sor-
row of being unable to send her
mother off properly or gathering
to console one another. Ms.
Brown, who also lives with a sister
and an autistic 28-year-old neph-
ew, mostly stays inside her 21st-
floor, five-room apartment, which
opment check-ins and daily re-
ports.
A lot of Ms. Jamerson’s neigh-
bors were worried. She told them
to stay indoors, as she did for the
first two weeks of lockdown after
her doctor said her aches and
malaise could be caused by the vi-
rus. But she re-emerged to help
distribute masks, cleaners and
meals prepared by local restau-
rants. She stayed inside a com-
munity center while young peo-
ple from the area gave out the
items, keeping tabs on who
needed what.
Even then, food and supplies —
some of which were purchased
with city funds allocated to the as-
sociation — have run out quickly.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
she calls “The Penthouse” for its
sweeping views of Manhattan.
“We have to take care of each
other,” she said. “We were left out
here with nothing, depending and
waiting for the government to dis-
tribute things to us.”
While she said her building was
fairly clean — there is less foot
traffic in and out because of social-
distancing restrictions — she re-
fuses to let her guard down, clean-
ing her apartment daily.
Despite her grief, or perhaps
because of it, Ms. Brown contin-
ues to work with Health People, a
nonprofit group that trains local
residents to be peer educators on
H.I.V. and diabetes.
Health People was started in
the South Bronx by Chris Nor-
wood 30 years ago. The group fo-
cuses on the idea that people can
be empowered to take control of
their own health.
“What I fear going forward,”
Ms. Norwood said, “is all these
poor communities have been
branded as incapable of coping.
It’s the old blame the victim.
They’ve been presented publicly
as being hopeless against chronic
disease. That is very dangerous.”
Three years ago, Ms. Brown
joined Health People not only to
better understand how to care for
her mother, who was diabetic, but
also to reduce the risks to her own
health. She learned about proper
diet, exercise, stress relief and
other strategies to lower the im-
pact of diabetes.
“So many people, especially my
Even hours after the giveaway
ends, stragglers come looking for
help.
“People in other places don’t go
through what we do,” she said.
“We’re people of color. We’re poor.
We’re served less. Our local hospi-
tals treat us differently. We’re last
on the battlefield when every-
thing is happening.”
Princella Jamerson arrang-
ing meals for residents of the
Mill Brook Houses. She said
she began worrying about
the virus late last year.
friends, are either dealing with
this or have a mom who is,” she
said. “They started coming to
me.”
Although in-person workshops
have been suspended, she and
her colleagues confer with each
other and clients by phone. While
she does not go outside often, she
is careful to keep her distance and
avoid stores with crowds. She is
especially wary of the local 99-
cent store, not just because of the
long lines outside, but because of
its poor selection of cheap food in-
side.
“There’s nothing healthy in
there,” she warns her neighbors.
“There’s too much saturated fat
‘SOMETIMES YOU JUST RUN OUT OF PATIENCE’
Lenny Medina, 39, Melrose Houses
Melissa Goenaga wiping
down an elevator at the
Mitchel Houses in April.
Residents banded together
to deal with their concerns
early in the lockdown.
From left to right, Kevin
Benson, 60, James Johnson,
40, Eric Woods, 53, and
Norman Cardiff, 47, play
dominoes in a common area
at the Mott Haven Houses.
in frozen foods. Anything canned
has sodium. Vegetables, fruits,
lean meat or fish are better.”
For now, she is determined to
help her neighbors in any way she
can, even if she can’t reach every-
one.
“Once, we only had to worry
about hypertension and diabetes,”
she said. “Now, we’re starting to
get everything.”
N A7
Cassandra Bowlin, tenants
association president at the
Melrose Houses, and a vol-
unteer, Elijah Hammond, 16,
prepare to hand out meals.
Jessica Nieves and her hus-
band, Lenny Medina, were
about to yank their three chil-
dren out of public school in early
March, alarmed and confused
by the city’s halting and contra-
dictory warnings about the dan-
ger of the coronavirus. They had
already stocked up on food and
cleaning supplies for what they
felt was an inevitable shutdown.
“I usually think ahead,” said
Mr. Medina, 39, a maintenance
supervisor at a Manhattan syn-
agogue. “I do things just be-
cause I am the type of person
who needs to be ready.”
When the stay-at-home order
did come, they had everything
they needed. Except patience.
They used to start their morn-
ings with a practiced drill of get-
ting up, getting dressed, eating
breakfast and heading off to
school or work. Now it’s a blur of
endless days and discombobu-
lated routines inside their three-
bedroom apartment in the Mel-
rose Houses. Ms. Nieves works
from home as a teacher’s aide
while their children study, antsy
to go outside.
“Sometimes you just run out
of patience,” said Mr. Medina,
who is also a freelance photog-
rapher. “When I wake up some
mornings it’s like, Dios mio, I
would rather be working.”
He has come to accept the sit-
uation, though the sameness of
each day becomes its own bur-
den. “Our schedule makes no
sense anymore,” Mr. Medina
said. “I wake up, and every-
body’s sleeping. God forbid you
wake any of them up, they get
mad. I let them, because I know
they’re stressed.”
Their youngest, Jordan, 9,
had a difficult adjustment to re-
mote learning since his school
doesn’t use computers much,
Ms. Nieves said.
“It’s hit him hard,” she said.
“He lost motivation. He would
get frustrated and not want to
get up.”
Isaiah, 16, went from being an
easygoing child to one who is
easily irritated. “He was always
smiling,” Ms. Nieves said,
“laughing and sweet. Now, he
looks serious and sad.”
The oldest, Anastasia, 17,
started getting dizzy spells and
anxiety attacks.
“Home used to be the place
where, after I did my work in
school, I could relax and watch
movies,” she said. “Now, it’s just
my workplace and I’m having a
hard time doing both.”
Even Anastasia’s search for
colleges has been colored by the
pandemic. She had been looking
forward to visiting schools and
finding a place to nurture her in-
terests in art, music and Japa-
nese culture (she loves anime).
Now as she searches for col-
leges online, she knows one
thing: “I don’t want to be far
away. I don’t want to worry
about trains shutting down and I
can’t make it home for Christ-
mas. With this pandemic, you
have to take it all into account.”
Gabriela Bhaskar contributed
reporting. Additional photogra-
phy on preceding page at far left
by Ramona Ferreyra, Mary
Brown, Lenny Medina, Anasta-
sia C., and Princella Jamerson.
A8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
Tracking an Outbreak Global Response
THE NEW NORMAL
Unable to Eradicate Covid-19, the World Is Learning to Live With It
From Page A1
ready, in Britain, some local offi-
cials say their efforts are not co-
ordinated enough.
The shifting strategies are an
acknowledgment that even the
most successful countries cannot
declare victory until a vaccine is
found. They also show the chal-
lenge presented by countries like
the United States, Brazil and In-
dia, where the authorities never
fully contained initial outbreaks
and from where the coronavirus
will continue to spread.
“It’s always going to be with us,”
said Simon James Thornley, an
epidemiologist from the Univer-
sity of Auckland in New Zealand.
“I don’t think we can eliminate the
virus long term. We are going to
need to learn to live with the vi-
rus.”
Even in places where the coro-
navirus appeared to be under con-
trol, big outbreaks remain a major
risk. In Tokyo, there have been
253 new infections in the past
week, 83 from a nightlife district.
In Gütersloh in western Germany,
more than 1,500 workers from a
meat processing plant tested pos-
itive, prompting the authorities to
shut down two districts. South Ko-
rea has announced dozens of new
infections in recent days.
In Rome, which recently
emerged from one of the strictest
lockdowns in Europe, 122 people
have been linked to a cluster case
at a hospital, the San Raffaele Pi-
sana Institute. Several days later,
18 people who lived in a building
with shared bathrooms came
down with the virus.
“As soon as we lowered our
guard,” said Paolo La Pietra, who
owns a tobacco shop in the neigh-
borhood, “it hit us back.”
Some countries, like South Ko-
rea and Japan, aimed to make
their responses nimble.
South Korea calls its strategy
“everyday life quarantine.” The
country never implemented the
strict lockdowns seen in other
places, and social-distancing
measures, while strongly encour-
aged, remain guidelines. Still, it
has set a strict target of a maxi-
mum of about 50 new infections a
day — a target that it says its pub-
lic health system, including its
testing and tracing capacity, can
withstand.
Officials shift the rules as
needed. After a second wave of in-
fections broke out in Seoul, city of-
ficials made people wear masks in
public transportation and closed
public facilities for two weeks.
The South Korean government
has added new guidelines as it has
learned more about outbreaks. It
Reporting was contributed by
Hisako Ueno from Tokyo, Su-Hyun
Lee from Seoul, South Korea, and
Christopher F. Schuetze from
Berlin. Liu Yi contributed re-
search.
IMMUNIZATION
Soviet-Era Studies Offer
Possible Path to Vaccine
By ANDREW E. KRAMER
MOSCOW — To the boys, it was
just a sugary treat. To their par-
ents, prominent medical re-
searchers, what happened in their
Moscow apartment that day in
1959 was a vital experiment with
countless lives at stake — and
their own children as guinea pigs.
“We formed a kind of line,” Dr.
Peter Chumakov, who was 7 at the
time, recalled in an interview. Into
each waiting mouth, a parent
popped a sugar cube laced with
weakened poliovirus — an early
vaccine against a dreaded dis-
ease. “I was eating it from the
hands of my mother.”
Today, that same vaccine is
gaining renewed attention from
researchers — including those
brothers, who all grew up to be vi-
rologists — as a possible weapon
against the new coronavirus,
based in part on research done by
their mother, Dr. Marina Voroshi-
lova.
Dr. Voroshilova established that
the live polio vaccine had an unex-
pected benefit that, it turns out,
could be relevant to the current
pandemic: People who got the
vaccine did not become sick with
other viral illnesses for a month or
so afterward. She took to giving
the boys polio vaccine each fall, as
protection against flu.
Now, some scientists in several
countries are taking a keen inter-
est in the idea of repurposing ex-
isting vaccines, like the one with
live poliovirus and another for tu-
berculosis, to see if they can pro-
vide at least temporary resistance
to the coronavirus. Russians are
among them, drawing on a long
history of vaccine research — and
of researchers, unconcerned
Oleg Matsnev contributed report-
ing from Moscow.
JUNG YEON-JE/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
advises companies to have em-
ployees sit in a zigzag fashion. Air-
conditioners should be turned off
and windows opened every two
hours to increase ventilation, it
said. It has discouraged singing in
markets and other public places.
It has also advised people to
carry two types of masks in sum-
mer — a surgical mask and a
heavy-duty mask, similar to the
N95 respirator masks worn by
health care workers, to be used in
crowded settings.
Japan, which endured only lim-
ited lockdowns, also wants to keep
its limits light to help restart its
economy. It is considering allow-
ing travelers from Australia, New
Zealand, Thailand and Vietnam.
As an island nation, Japan cannot
afford to keep its borders closed,
about being scoffed at as mad sci-
entists, experimenting on them-
selves.
Experts advise that the idea —
like many other proposed ways of
attacking the pandemic — must
be approached with great caution.
“We are much better off with a
vaccine that induces specific im-
munity,” Dr. Paul A. Offit, a co-in-
ventor of a vaccine against the ro-
tavirus and professor at the Perel-
man School of Medicine at the
University of Pennsylvania, said
in a telephone interview. Any
benefits from a repurposed vac-
cine, he said, are “much shorter
lived and incomplete,” compared
with a tailored vaccine.
Still, Dr. Robert Gallo, a leading
advocate of testing the polio vac-
cine against coronavirus, said that
repurposing vaccines is “one of
the hottest areas of immunology.”
Dr. Gallo, director of the Institute
of Human Virology at the Univer-
sity of Maryland School of Medi-
cine, said that even if the weak-
ened poliovirus confers immunity
for only a month or so, “it gets you
over the hump, and it would save a
lot of lives.”
But there are risks.
Billions of people have taken
live poliovirus vaccine, nearly
eradicating the disease. However,
in extremely rare cases, the weak-
ened virus used in the vaccine can
mutate into a more dangerous
form, cause polio and infect other
people. The risk of paralysis is es-
timated at one in 2.7 million vacci-
nations.
For those reasons, public health
organizations say that once a re-
gion eliminates naturally occur-
ring polio, it must stop routine use
of oral vaccine, as the United
States did 20 years ago.
And this month, the National In-
stitute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases delayed a study de-
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said.
Last Friday, Japan launched a
contact tracing app that would
alert users if they had been in
touch with a person who tested
positive in the last 14 days. Rail-
way operators have launched an
app and websites telling commut-
ers how crowded the trains are.
Officials are also warning peo-
ple constantly to change the way
they live. Though bars and clubs
are reopening, hostesses have
been told to refrain from being
next to a client when singing kara-
oke and dancing. Nightclubs must
minimize music and crowd vol-
umes to reduce the spread of res-
piratory droplets. Citizens are ad-
vised to continue avoiding the
“Three Cs” — closed, crowded and
close-contact activities.
The virologists Dr. Marina Voroshilova, left, and Dr. Mikhail Chumakov, second from left, in 1956.
signed by Dr. Gallo’s institute, the
Cleveland Clinic, the University of
Buffalo and Roswell Park Com-
prehensive Cancer Center to test
the effectiveness of live polio vac-
cine against coronavirus, using
health care workers as subjects.
The agency raised safety con-
cerns, including the chance of live
poliovirus making its way into wa-
ter supplies and infecting others,
according to researchers familiar
with the study application. The
press office of the N.I.A.I.D. de-
clined to comment.
But other countries are moving
ahead. Trials with the polio vac-
cine have begun in Russia, and are
planned in Iran and Guinea-Bis-
sau.
A specific vaccine for the coro-
navirus would be one that trains
the immune system to target that
virus specifically, and more than
125 vaccine candidates are under
development around the world.
Repurposed vaccines, in con-
trast, use live but weakened vi-
ruses or bacteria to stimulate the
innate immune system more
broadly to fight pathogens, at
In Beijing this week, above, officials reacted to a new outbreak by
isolating a market and the surrounding areas while testing over
two million people in about a week. In Seoul, left, the authorities
are initiating actions that they call “everyday life quarantine.”
“We need to run the economy
strongly by controlling the infec-
tion risks with less-restrictive
measures and take measures
which put more emphasis on pro-
tecting jobs and life,” said Mr. Abe.
Some countries, like China, are
learning to ease their more draco-
nian methods. The Chinese gov-
ernment virtually isolated tens of
millions of people in the city of Wu-
han and surrounding Hubei Prov-
ince when the outbreak began.
Mindful of the economic dam-
age, Chinese leaders have
adopted looser restrictions. In
Beijing, officials told residents
that they could take off their
masks outdoors. Temperature
screening in the city became less
widespread.
Then, on June 12, Beijing offi-
cials announced that 53 people
had tested positive for the coro-
navirus. Instead of locking up the
capital city, officials promptly shut
down a market and residential
communities surrounding it and
mobilized close to 100,000 com-
munity workers to test roughly 2.3
million residents in about a week.
“A city as big as Beijing can’t be
in a state of wartime resistance
forever,” said Mao Shoulong, a
public policy professor at Beijing’s
Renmin University. “How many
more times can we endure this?”
least temporarily.
The first polio vaccine, devel-
oped by Dr. Jonas Salk, an Ameri-
can, used “inactivated” virus —
particles of killed virus. It had to
be injected, an obstacle to immu-
nization campaigns in poorer
countries.
When that vaccine was widely
introduced in 1955, Dr. Albert Sa-
bin was testing a vaccine using
live but attenuated poliovirus,
which could be taken orally. But in
the United States, with the Salk
vaccine already in use, the au-
thorities were reluctant to take
the perceived risk of conducting
live-virus trials.
Dr. Sabin gave his three strains
of attenuated virus to a married
pair of virologists in the Soviet Un-
ion, Dr. Mikhail Chumakov, the
founder of a polio research insti-
tute that now bears his name, and
Dr. Voroshilova.
Dr. Chumakov vaccinated him-
self, but a medicine intended pri-
marily for children needed child
test subjects, so he and Dr. Voro-
shilova gave it to their three sons
and several nieces and nephews.
KEVIN FRAYER/GETTY IMAGES
Unlike Wuhan, the effort was
targeted. Other Beijing neighbor-
hoods stayed open. The Chinese
government tends to favor mass
testing focused on specific groups
— in addition to the people con-
nected to the market, it said it
would also test residents living in
high- and medium-risk neighbor-
hoods, restaurant and retail staff,
students and teaching staff, and
health care workers.
China’s strategy is not to bring
infections to zero, said Zhang
Wenhong, an adviser to the
Shanghai government on the pan-
demic. Instead, in an interview
with China’s Caixin magazine, he
described China’s game plan as
“getting close to zero cases.”
“Prevention and control with
precision, coupled with rapid
medical treatment,” Dr. Zhang
said. “This strategy will be appli-
cable to China for a long time.”
European governments are
also learning to be more flexible
following their strong responses,
though the process can be slow. In
Germany, officials have stipulated
that regions or municipalities that
register more than 50 new infec-
tions per 100,000 people in seven
days must quickly respond to
quell the outbreak, using tools like
school closings, full quarantines
and mass testing.
BETTMANN ARCHIVE
Their experiment enabled Dr.
Chumakov to persuade a senior
Soviet official, Anastas Mikoyan,
to proceed with wider trials, even-
tually leading to the mass produc-
tion of an oral polio vaccine used
around the world. The United
States began oral polio vaccina-
tions in 1961 after it was proved
safe in the Soviet Union.
“Somebody has to be the first,”
Dr. Peter Chumakov said in an in-
terview. “I was never angry. I
think it was very good to have
such a father, who is confident
enough that what he is doing is
right and is sure he will not harm
his children.”
His mother was, if anything,
even more enthusiastic about run-
ning the tests on the boys, he said.
“She was absolutely sure there
was nothing to be scared of,” he
said.
Something Dr. Voroshilova no-
ticed decades ago has renewed in-
terest in the oral vaccine.
A typical healthy child is host to
a dozen or so respiratory viruses
that cause little or no illness. But
Dr. Voroshilova could not find any
Though many of these efforts
are intensely local, they require
close coordination with central of-
ficials and neighboring jurisdic-
tions. England, for example, is ex-
ploring limited, tailored shut-
downs around clusters of infec-
tions, but local officials warn of
potential holes in the system.
Health officials in England,
Wales, Scotland and Northern Ire-
land are largely responsible for
their own strategies. In England,
where local officials have com-
plained about a lack of testing
data from the central government,
employers or building managers
have picked up the slack by keep-
ing track of infections and re-
spond to outbreaks. Some, like the
headquarters of a major retailer in
East Lancashire, have been
praised by public health officials
for taking quick action.
But controlling the virus would
require an understanding of
where it is lurking, especially diffi-
cult for a disease in which 80 per-
cent of the cases have mild symp-
toms. Several local public health
directors said in interviews that
they learned about outbreaks
from the news. The level of detail
that officials need to decide on lo-
calized shutdowns — the postal
codes of people testing positive,
for example — remains elusive.
“Every pandemic begins as a lo-
cal outbreak,” said Lincoln
Sargeant, the director of public
health in North Yorkshire. “It’s
granular intelligence that we need
in a timely fashion.”
Mr. Johnson, the prime min-
ister, has maintained that local
shutdowns are sufficient to con-
trol new waves of the virus. In the
beginning, the government “had
very few instruments at our dis-
posal,” he said on Friday. Now, he
said, officials can “identify out-
breaks where they happen.”
He has likened the effort to
Whac-a-Mole, the arcade game.
Officials can “take the preventive
measures necessary on the spot,
rather than going back to the na-
tional lockdown approach,” he
said. “That’s what we hope.”
In Rome, the outbreak at the
San Raffaele Pisana Institute
tested the ability of local authori-
ties to find and stop outbreaks.
Local health officials tested pa-
tients and hospital workers, emp-
tied three wards and sealed off the
building. Former patients and
their contacts queued in their cars
outside drive-in testing stations.
Rome’s prosecutors opened an in-
vestigation into clusters’ origin.
One of the people who became
ill was a pulmonologist, Vittorio
Bisogni. He came down with a
slight fever after he visited a pa-
tient who had been released from
the hospital. Dr. Bisogni was diag-
nosed with the virus on June 9. His
patient died a few days later.
“I got angry,” Dr. Bisogni said,
“After getting hit so hard, we can’t
afford to be so naïve.”
of them in children soon after they
were immunized against polio.
A Soviet Union study of 320,000
people, from 1968 to 1975, over-
seen by Dr. Voroshilova, found re-
duced mortality from flu in people
immunized with other vaccines.
Dr. Voroshilova’s and Dr. Chu-
makov’s work clearly influenced
their sons’ minds as well as their
health — not only did all of them
become virologists, they em-
braced self-testing as well.
Dr. Peter Chumakov today is
the chief scientist at the Eng-
elhardt Institute of Molecular Bi-
ology at the Russian Academy of
Sciences and co-founder of a com-
pany in Cleveland that treats can-
cer with viruses. He has devel-
oped about 25 viruses for use
against tumors — all of which, he
said, he has tested on himself.
He is also now taking polio vac-
cine, which he grows in his own
laboratory, as possible protection
against coronavirus.
Dr. Ilia Chumakov, a molecular
biologist, helped sequence the hu-
man genome in France.
Dr. Alexei Chumakov, who was
not yet born when his parents ex-
perimented on his brothers,
worked as a cancer researcher at
Cedars-Sinai in Los Angeles for
much of his career. While working
in Moscow, he developed a vac-
cine against hepatitis E, which he
tested first on himself.
“It’s an old tradition,” he said.
“The engineer should stand under
the bridge when the first heavy
load goes over.”
Dr. Konstantin Chumakov is an
associate director of the U.S. Food
and Drug Administration’s Office
of Vaccine Research and Review,
which would be involved in ap-
proving any coronavirus vaccines
for use in Americans.
In an interview, he said he can-
not remember eating the sugar
cube back in 1959 — he was 5
years old — but approved of his
parents’ experiment as a step to-
ward saving untold numbers of
children from paralysis.
“It was the right thing to do,” he
said. “Now, there would be ques-
tions, like ‘Did you get permission
from the ethics committee?’”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020 N A9

Tracking an Outbreak Hot Zones

SPIKE IN TEXAS

As New Cases Soar, the Governor Faces Fallout From a Rush to Reopen
This article is by Manny Fernan-
dez, Neil MacFarquhar and Sarah
Mervosh.
HOUSTON — The coronavirus
has been testing America’s gover-
nors. Few are being squeezed
harder than Gov. Greg Abbott of
Texas.
Mr. Abbott, the governor of the
country’s largest Republican-con-
trolled state, reopened Texas in
May, eager to be part of President
Trump’s push to restart the econ-
omy sooner rather than later. But
the reopening has backfired, cre-
ating the makings of a political
and public health disaster that is
putting the lives of Texans at risk,
adding ammunition to Mr. Ab-
bott’s long-running war with the
Democrats who run the state’s
biggest cities and drawing unusu-
ally sharp criticism from fellow
Republicans.
As millions of Texans have
emerged from weeks of isolation
and headed to shopping malls,
movie theaters and beaches, the
governor, faced with an alarming
number of new cases, did an
abrupt about-face this week and
urged people to go back home.
He imposed restrictions on out-
door gatherings of more than 100
people and has cleared the way for
local authorities to require face
masks in businesses — after earli-
er opposing attempts by local offi-
cials to require everyone in their
cities to wear masks in public.
These were the latest in a series
of contradictory moves by the
governor that have proved con-
fusing and frustrating to many
Texans.
For weeks, Mr. Abbott had re-
assured Texans that the virus was
ILANA PANICH-LINSMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
After weeks of assurances that the coronavirus was largely under control, Texans were encouraged to resume shopping and eating
out, as in the South Congress area of Austin. But since late May, newly reported cases have more than doubled, to about 3,500 a day.
2,100 on Wednesday.
Mr. Abbott is by no means
alone. Other states led by Republi-
can governors have struggled to
balance their reopenings with the
spread of the virus, while navigat-
ing the politics of mask-wearing
and issues of state versus local
control.
In Arizona, the handling of the
pandemic by Gov. Doug Ducey, a
Republican, has come under in-
tense criticism by Democratic
leaders in Arizona’s largest cities.
Mr. Ducey had resisted allowing
mayors to make mask-wearing
mandatory in their cities. But un-
der pressure over a surge in cases,
Mr. Ducey allowed mayors to im-
plement their own measures.
On Wednesday, Florida saw a
record number of new coro-
navirus cases, but Gov. Ron De-
Santis, a Republican, gave no indi-
servatives, who resist wearing
masks in public and say the state
needs to go even further. (Bars
now operate at 50 percent capaci-
ty, while restaurants operate at 75
percent capacity.)
In just one example of the poli-
tics at play, the Texas Democratic
Party held an online-only conven-
tion recently, while the Republi-
can Party is planning an in-person
convention in Houston in July.
Mr. Abbott has leaned on con-
servative, pro-business, small-
government themes, but has also
sent conflicting messages.
The governor initially resisted
calls to issue a stay-at-home order,
as other states had done, before is-
suing an executive order in early
April. But even that led to a flurry
of confusion, when he said at a
news conference that it did not
amount to a stay-at-home order.
The next day, he released a video
message clarifying that it did.
The order lasted 28 days, one of
the shortest stay-at-home orders
in the country.
Since businesses began reopen-
ing in early May, Mr. Abbott has
gone head-to-head with the
CALLAGHAN O’HARE/REUTERS
mostly Democratic mayors in the
state’s largest cities, who have
begged for more power to impose
tougher restrictions. At first, Mr.
Abbott’s approach was to let local
officials handle the response.
Then he shifted course, issuing an
executive order that made it clear
the state’s coronavirus rules nulli-
fied local ones. His stance shifted
again in recent days when he al-
lowed cities and counties to re-
quire businesses to have
customers and employees wear
masks and to fine business own-
ers who did not comply.
Democratic critics who had
been fighting for more local con-
trol said the governor’s turnabout
came too late. Some Republicans
saw Mr. Abbott’s move as throw-
ing business owners under the
bus.
“Business owners will become a
de facto law enforcement arm, but
the only tool they will have to en-
force the mask requirement is to
refuse to sell to their customers
and to kick them out of their
store,” State Senator Bob Hall, a
Republican from East Texas,
wrote in a posting online. “Who
knew the flame of Texas Liberty
would be extinguished, by the
stroke of a pen, without a shot
fired?”
In Galveston, a beach city
southeast of Houston, Mayor
James D. Yarbrough ordered
mandatory face masks for all
businesses starting on Tuesday.
The number of people who tested
positive rose to more than 300 this
week from about 50 at the end of
May.
The city has seen packed
beaches and crowds in restau-
rants, bars and souvenir shops.
“There is no social distance —
there are minimal masks,” said
Mr. Yarbrough, a Democrat. “We
are seeing a lot more younger peo-
ple, what we call day trippers,” he
said. “They come to spend the day
and leave their trash and Covid
and go on back.”

NEW BRANDS ADDED

largely under control. “Covid-19,
while dangerous, while still grow-
ing in the state of Texas, is not as
severe as it is in some other
states,” he told reporters in April.
But as the state began to rapidly
reopen, and people returned to
restaurants, bars, malls, hair sa-
lons and gyms, the numbers —
and the governor’s tone and policy
responses — have changed.
New cases, hospitalizations and
the percentage of positive tests
have been on the rise for weeks,
indicators that the coronavirus is
spreading rapidly. Since late May,
the average number of newly re-
ported cases each day has more
than doubled to about 3,500, up
from 1,500. That is not just the re-
cation that the state would roll
back its reopening, urging people
instead to avoid crowds and
closed spaces with poor ventila-
tion.
Texas, though, is facing a chal-
lenge of both politics and num-
bers. If local trends persist, Hous-
ton could become the hardest-hit
city in the country, rivaling the sit-
uation in Brazil, Dr. Peter Hotez,
dean of the National School of
Tropical Medicine at Baylor Col-
lege of Medicine in Houston,
warned this week on Twitter.
Dr. Hotez, one of the state’s
leading experts on contagious dis-
eases and vaccine development,
said in an interview on Wednes-
day that the Houston, San Anto-
nio, Austin and Dallas-Fort Worth
metropolitan regions “are facing a
The
dire public health emergency.”
The governor should require

DESIGNER
face masks and tougher social dis-
tancing measures in those four re-
gions immediately, he said. “We
have to take action before the end
of this week,” he said. “If we don’t
do something, there’s nothing to
stop this thing going up the ceil-
ing.”

RICARDO B. BRAZZIELL/AUSTIN AMERICAN-
STATESMAN, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
Gov. Greg Abbott of Texas has
suggested that shutting down
the state is still a “last option.”
SALE
Dr. Hotez and other public
health experts, along with several
local elected officials, have
blamed the uptick in the virus on
Mr. Abbott’s decision to speedily
reopen the state. They said busi-
nesses were allowed to resume
operations before the state had
enough testing, contact tracing
and other resources in place.
The results surfaced immedi-

sult of more testing: The percent-
age of tests coming back positive
has soared from 4.5 percent to
about 9 percent. Hospitalizations
are also on the rise.
Texas has surpassed more than
100,000 cases, joining a small club
of only six other states to do so —
New York, California, New Jersey,
Illinois, Massachusetts and Flor-
ida. On Wednesday, Texas hit an-
other milestone, recording more
new cases in a single day than it
has since the pandemic started—
more than 6,200 new infections.
Wednesday brought another
70%
ately in cities around the state.
San Antonio’s Bexar County
had 93 patients in county hospi-
tals on June 1, 20 of them on venti-
lators; by Tuesday, those num-
bers had jumped to 518 hospital-
ized, with 79 on ventilators.
“As we opened up Texas, every-
body became very complacent
and were not wearing face
masks,” said Nelson W. Wolff, a
Democrat who serves as the top
Up to
elected official in Bexar County.
“Then you have the president run-
ning around and not wearing one,
and the governor only recom-
mending it, not enforcing it, and so

turnabout. Texas had previously
ordered all air travelers arriving
from New York, with its then-
booming number of cases, to quar-
antine for 14 days. But on Wednes-
day, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo of
New York turned the tables and
announced that travelers from
Texas and eight other hard-hit
states would have to quarantine
there.
The sudden reversal has left Mr.
Abbott with few good options and
an array of critics from both par-
ties — some of them the leaders of
the state’s largely Democratic ma-
jor cities, who have complained
that the state reopened too
quickly and tied their hands when
they wanted to impose virus-con-
trol measures of their own.
“The governor opens up our
economy and says, ‘OK, you guys
go back to work,’ and we expect
nothing to happen?” said Ruben
Becerra, a Democrat and the
county executive in Hays County,
southwest of Austin, where total
confirmed cases have surged
from 353 on June 1 to more than
Manny Fernandez reported from
Houston, Neil MacFarquhar from
New York and Sarah Mervosh
from Pittsburgh. Contributing re-
porting were David Montgomery
from Austin, Simon Romero from
Albuquerque and Patricia Mazzei
from Miami.
*
OFF
I think people got mixed signals,
and we have seen it spread expo-
nentially.”
Mr. Abbott, a former Texas at-
torney general now in his second
term, has been praised for his
calm and swift handling of Hurri-
cane Harvey, mass shootings and
other large-scale disasters. But he
has also been criticized, even by
some in his own party, for too often
following the lead of the state’s
second-in-command, Lt. Gov. Dan
Patrick, an outspoken arch-con-
servative who made national
headlines for saying he and other
grandparents were willing accept
the threat to their own lives if that
is what it took to reopen the coun-
try.
Mr. Abbott, his aides and his
supporters defended his response
to Covid-19 and said Texas can
both reopen its economy and
maintain public health.
“People must know the facts,”
Mr. Abbott told KTVT in Fort
Worth on Tuesday. “The facts are
As we reopen our stores, we're focused on safety and ease of shopping.
that Covid-19 is expanding far Visit saks.com/services for details.
faster and far wider than at any
time during the pandemic in
Texas. That is why we are having
SALE IS 40% TO 70% OFF SELECTIONS FOR HER AND 40% TO 60% OFF SELECTIONS FOR HIM.
to take additional measures.” *40% to 70% off select merchandise. Represents percentage off original prices. No adjustments to prior purchases unless merchandise is
But the governor has had to marked down within 7 days of being purchased at original price. Excludes Saks Fifth Avenue OFF 5TH stores and saksoff5th.com. Prices at
carefully navigate the state’s com- saks.com already reflect reduction.
plicated politics in trying to con-
trol the virus.
The phased opening-up has fu-
eled a backlash among some con-
A10 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
Tracking an Outbreak The Region and the Economy
STOPPING THE SPREAD
New York Imposes Quarantine on Travelers From Hot Spots Inquiry Finds
By J. DAVID GOODMAN
A few months ago, New York
was suffering through the worst
ravages of the coronavirus pan-
demic. Hospitals filled to near ca-
pacity. Hundreds of people died
each day, reaching a peak in mid-
April.
The rest of the country recoiled
at the sight of a New York license
plate. Florida and Rhode Island
singled out New York travelers,
who researchers now believe
helped to seed the spread of the vi-
rus in other states.
But as New York has largely
controlled its outbreak, other
states — especially in the Sun Belt
and the West — have seen virus
cases surge, leading to a table-
turning moment: Gov. Andrew M.
Cuomo on Wednesday announced
that anyone coming to New York
from a state currently hard hit by
the virus would have to quaran-
tine for two weeks.
The restrictions were based on
specific health metrics related to
the coronavirus, Mr. Cuomo said.
At the moment, travelers from
eight states — as well as New
Yorkers returning from those
states — would have to quaran-
tine.
“We now have to make sure that
the rate continues to drop,” Mr.
Cuomo said. “A lot of people come
into this region and they could lit-
erally bring the infection with
them. It wouldn’t be malicious or
malevolent, but it would still be
real.”
Failure to quarantine in New
York could result in thousand-dol-
lar fines, Mr. Cuomo said. Trav-
elers to New Jersey and Connecti-
cut would also be told to quaran-
tine, though officials from both
states said there was no enforce-
ment mechanism at the moment.
The order — a “joint travel advi-
sory” with the two other states —
would take effect at midnight, Mr.
Cuomo said Wednesday. He said
the quick implementation was
aimed at preventing a rush of
travelers trying to avoid the re-
quirement, which applied to Ala-
bama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida,
North Carolina, South Carolina,
Texas and Utah.
Washington State had origi-
nally been included, but after a
further review of the data, it was
dropped from the list.
As businesses reopen and pub-
lic life returns, the virus has been
spreading to areas that had
mostly managed to initially evade
the worst of the outbreak.
In recent days, Texas has seen
record-high levels of hospitaliza-
tions for Covid-19, the disease
caused by the coronavirus. Hospi-
tals, particularly in Houston, have
struggled to keep up with the ris-
ing number of patients needing in-
tensive care.
Amid rising hospitalizations in
North Carolina, Gov. Roy Cooper
said on Wednesday that the state
would “pause” its move into the
A PATHOGEN’S PUNCH
U.S. Staggers Back on the Ropes as Coronavirus Infections Soar
From Page A1
testing positive has risen sharply.
Gov. Gavin Newsom of California
said Wednesday that the state re-
corded more than 7,000 new cases
over the past day.
“I want to remind everybody
that we are still in the first wave of
this pandemic,” Mr. Newsom said
during a virtual news briefing.
The governor pleaded with resi-
dents, many of whom he acknowl-
edged were gathering with
friends and relatives, to continue
practicing social distancing, to
stay outdoors whenever possible
and to wear a mask.
Texas reported more than 6,000
new cases on Wednesday. In
Houston, the intensive-care units
were at 97 percent of capacity, and
hospitals risked running out of
I.C.U. beds within two weeks if
nothing is done to slow the up-
ward trajectory of the virus.
“I strongly feel we are moving
in the wrong direction, and we are
moving fast,” Mayor Sylvester
Turner of Houston said.
In Washington State, where
cases are rising again, Gov. Jay In-
slee said residents would have to
start wearing masks in public.
“This is about saving lives,” Mr.
Inslee said. “It’s about reopening
our businesses.”
In Florida on Wednesday, Gov.
Ron DeSantis gave no indication
that the state would roll back its
economic opening, but he urged
residents to avoid closed spaces
with poor ventilation, crowds and
close contact with others.
Mr. DeSantis continued to at-
tribute the rising infections to
younger people who have started
to socialize in bars and homes, de-
spite rules in many municipalities
prohibiting group gatherings.
Jack Nicas, Alan Rappeport and J.
David Goodman contributed re-
porting.
Williamsburg, Brooklyn, this month. Although New Yorkers have become increasingly social, the outbreak has slowed in the state.
next phase of reopening and make
masks required statewide in pub-
lic when distancing is not possible.
In Florida, more than 20,000
people tested positive for the vi-
rus over the last five days ending
Tuesday; in New York, where far
more people are being tested
daily, roughly 3,100 tested positive
over those same five days.
Only a handful of states — in-
cluding Maine, Rhode Island and
Hawaii — have required out-of-
state travelers to quarantine. A
larger number have asked trav-
elers to quarantine but do not
mandate doing so. And a few, such
as Florida and Kansas, apply the
requirement only to those coming
from certain states.
The new quarantine in New
York, New Jersey and Connecti-
cut would apply to any person ar-
riving from a state with a positive
test rate higher than 10 per
100,000 residents, or a state with a
10 percent or higher rate over a
seven-day rolling average.
Mr. Cuomo said that enforce-
ment would be up to each of the
three states. In New York, he said,
those violating the quarantine or-
der could be “subject to a judicial
order and mandatory quaran-
tine.” A first violation could result
in a $2,000 fine and could go up to
$10,000 for subsequent violations.
Indeed, the effect of the order
may be largely symbolic. Even in
“You need to do your part and
make sure that you’re not spread-
ing it to people who are going to be
more at risk for this,” he said.
The percentage of people in
Florida testing positive has risen
sharply, but testing alone does not
explain the surge. Increases in
hospitalizations also signal the vi-
rus’s spread.
New case reports also reached
their highest levels in recent days
in Missouri, but coronavirus hos-
pitalizations have declined
slightly over the last month.
“We are NOT overwhelmed,”
Gov. Mike Parson wrote on Twit-
ter, linking the uptick to more test-
ing. “We are NOT currently expe-
riencing a second wave. We have
NO intentions of closing Missouri
back down at this point in time.”
The World Health Organization
warned on Wednesday that if gov-
ernments and communities in the
Americas were not able to stop the
spread of the virus through sur-
veillance, isolation of cases and
quarantine of contacts, there
might be a need to impose — or re-
impose — general lockdowns.
The New York quarantine an-
nounced by Gov. Andrew M.
Cuomo applies to visitors from
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas,
Florida, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Utah and Texas, as well
as New Yorkers returning from
those states. Violators could be
subject to a mandatory quaran-
tine and fines of up to $10,000.
Travelers to New Jersey and Con-
necticut will also be told to quar-
antine.
The reopening of many busi-
nesses is not going smoothly. Ap-
ple said Wednesday that it had
shut seven stores in the Houston
area because of the rising number
of cases in the region. Last week, it
closed 11 stores in Arizona, Flor-
ida, South Carolina and North Car-
olina. Apple had opened most of
its stores in the United States in
recent weeks after closing nearly
places where out-of-state arrivals
are already formally required to
quarantine, there has not been
widespread enforcement to make
sure the rules were being fol-
lowed.
A spokesman for Mr. Cuomo
said that if a New Yorker believes
that a recent arrival — or a return-
ing neighbor — has not been abid-
ing by the quarantine, then that
person should start by reporting
Connecticut and New
Jersey also require
two weeks of isolation.
the possible violation to the local
health department.
“You could argue that even law
is the honor system until you get
caught,” Mr. Cuomo said. “You can
violate the quarantine until you
get caught,” he added, then
“you’re in mandatory quarantine
and fined thousands of dollars.”
Players from the Mets and Yan-
kees who have been in Florida but
are coming back to New York for
an abbreviated and late spring
training will not be required to
quarantine, Mr. Cuomo said. The
state had been working on sepa-
The S& P 500 Index
Position of the S& P 500 index at 1-minute intervals on Wednesday.
Previous close
3,131.29
10 a.m. Noon
Source: Reuters
all of its roughly 500 stores world-
wide months ago.
Many stock market investors,
who had been expecting the virus
to retreat swiftly, were alarmed by
its resurgence. The spike ap-
peared to undermine hopes for a
V-shaped rebound, in which both
the economy and corporate prof-
its would bounce back as swiftly
as they plunged when the United
States fell into a recession.
“All the hopes of investors look-
ing for a better economy to im-
prove the bottom lines of compa-
nies shut down in the recession
have been dashed,” Chris Rupkey,
chief financial economist at
MUFG Union Bank, wrote in a
note to clients on Wednesday.
“Forget about the fears of the vi-
rus coming back in the fall. The
number of new cases and hospital-
izations in states like Arizona,
Texas and Florida says the threat
is happening right now.”
This is the second time in recent
weeks that the S&P 500 stock
market index has faltered. On
June 11, reports of rising infec-
tions set off a 5.9 percent drop.
Wednesday’s market drop was led
by sharp downturns in sectors in-
rate “health protocols” with them
since last week, he said.
Mr. Cuomo, who hosted the
news conference from New York
City, was joined via video link by
Gov. Philip D. Murphy of New Jer-
sey and Gov. Ned Lamont of Con-
necticut, all three Democrats.
“This is a smart thing to do. We
have taken our people, the three of
us, these three states, through hell
and back,” Mr. Murphy said. “The
last thing we need to is subject our
folks to another round.”
The goal, the governors said,
was to maintain the hard-fought
gains against the virus that have
been made, at great economic and
human cost, over the past three
months. On Monday, for example,
nearly 49,000 people were tested
for the virus in New York, with
just shy of 600 coming back pos-
itive.
Since the middle of March, New
Yorkers have largely abided by
the orders to stay at home and
wear masks in public, creating a
new way of life in the city and sur-
rounding suburbs that helped to
bring new infections down to a
manageable level.
At the same time, many New
Yorkers with the means to do so
fled, often to out-of-state locales.
By late March, Florida began re-
quiring travelers from the New
York area to quarantine. Other
states sought to restrict visitors.
3,150
3,100
3,050
3,000
2 p.m. 4 p.m.
THE NEW YORK TIMES
cluding energy, industrial and fi-
nancial shares, which tend to be
sensitive to the near-term expec-
tations for economic growth.
For most of the day, investors
clobbered the stocks of companies
that are most vulnerable to the
risks of a prolonged pandemic.
The cruise line Norwegian was
down 12.4 percent, while the com-
petitors Royal Caribbean and Car-
nival both plummeted more than
11 percent. They were the three
worst-performing issues in the
S&P 500.
Airlines were hammered, with
United Airlines down more than
8.3 percent and Delta Air Lines
dropping by 7.8 percent. Energy
and oil field services companies
tumbled, too. Occidental Petro-
leum dropped 9 percent and Hal-
iburton fell 8.8 percent, as oil
prices dropped more than 5 per-
cent pushing the cost of a barrel of
West Texas Intermediate oil be-
low $40.
Investors in other markets as-
sumed a dour outlook for eco-
nomic growth. Yields on govern-
ment bonds — traditionally linked
to expectations for growth and in-
flation — fell. The dollar, a tradi-
JUAN ARREDONDO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Now, the virus appears to be
spreading far more rapidly out-
side of New York, with new infec-
tions surging in places like Ari-
zona and Texas. Those who left for
other states, upon their return to
New York, will have to quarantine.
The city and state have begun a
phased reopening of business that
has been more cautious than
other areas of the country, and Mr.
Cuomo as well as other officials
have been concerned about a re-
surgence of the virus. The travel
restrictions were an attempt at
mitigating the risk of new infec-
tions coming from outside the
state.
“We now have the virus under
control. Yeah, but Florida doesn’t,
Texas doesn’t, these other states
don’t,” he said last week. “And
what happens if they get on a
plane and they come to J.F.K.? So,
we get the infection rate down and
then because other states are
high, we could have a problem.”
Epidemiologists do not see a
uniform coronavirus wave
spreading across the country, but
multiple outbreaks that are out of
sync with each other. In that con-
text, they said, quarantine re-
quirements made sense.
They also cautioned that the
outbreak remains active and that
the situation in any one state or re-
gion of the country could still
change.
tional safe haven for investors,
rose.
Gold prices slipped slightly, af-
ter earlier in the day flirting with
some of their highest levels in al-
most a decade, approaching
$1,780 an ounce. Gold is tradition-
ally viewed as a hedge against po-
tential inflation, and a safe asset
for investors during times of
growing political and economic
uncertainty.
The global picture also looked
gloomy. The International Mone-
tary Fund said global gross do-
mestic product would shrink 4.9
percent in 2020, a sharper con-
traction than the 3 percent decline
it predicted just two months ago.
The I.M.F. also lowered its expec-
tations for growth in the United
States, saying that the world’s
largest economy will shrink 8 per-
cent this year, more than the
roughly 6 percent rate it expected
in April.
“We are definitely not out of the
woods,” said Gita Gopinath, direc-
tor of the I.M.F.’s research depart-
ment. “This is a crisis like no other
and will have a recovery like no
other.”
And as infection rates rise in
California, the Walt Disney Com-
pany on Wednesday abandoned
its plan to reopen Disneyland and
Disney California Adventure on
July 17, citing a slower-than-antic-
ipated approval process by state
regulators.
The two theme parks, which
border each other in Anaheim,
closed on March 13. Unions repre-
senting most of the Disneyland’s
32,000 employees sent a letter to
Governor Newsom on June 17
saying that “despite intensive
talks with the company, we are not
yet convinced that it is safe to re-
open the parks on Disney’s rapid
timetable.” Since then, many of
Disney’s unions have signed
agreements with the company
outlining enhanced safety pro-
cedures.
WHAT WENT WRONG
‘Nightmare’
At a Home
For Veterans
By ELLEN BARRY
BOSTON — An investigation of
76 deaths linked to the coro-
navirus at a state-run veterans’
home in Massachusetts paints a
picture of a facility in chaos, as
traumatized nurses carried out
orders to combine wards of in-
fected and uninfected men, know-
ing that the move would prove
deadly to many of their patients.
Workers at the facility, the Hol-
yoke Soldiers’ Home, remem-
bered the days in late March as
“total pandemonium” and a
“nightmare.”
One social worker told investi-
gators, in a report released on
Wednesday, that she “felt like it
was moving the concentration
camp, we were moving these un-
knowing veterans off to die.”
Another recalled sitting in a
makeshift ward that was crowded
with sick and dying patients, some
unclothed or without masks, and
trying to distract a man who was
“alert and oriented,” chattering
about the Swedish meatballs his
wife used to make.
“It was surreal,” she said. “I
don’t know how the staff over in
that unit, how many of us will ever
recover from those images.”
Nursing home deaths have ac-
counted for more than 60 percent
of the fatalities from the coro-
navirus in Massachusetts, a state
that prides itself on its health care
system. None of those deaths
have received more attention than
the cluster at the Holyoke Sol-
diers’ Home, which housed frail
veterans of World War II and
other conflicts.
The 174-page independent re-
port, led by the former federal
prosecutor Mark Pearlstein,
blasts decisions made by the facil-
ity’s superintendent, Bennett
Walsh, as “utterly baffling from an
infection-control perspective.”
The report was especially
scathing on the decision to com-
bine crowded wards. But it cata-
logs a series of other errors, in-
cluding failure to isolate infected
veterans, failure to test veterans
who had symptoms, and the rota-
tion of staff members between
wards, accelerating the spread of
the virus.
“In short, this was the opposite
of infection control: Mr. Walsh and
his team created close to an opti-
mal environment for the spread of
Covid-19,” the report said.
Gov. Charlie Baker of Massa-
chusetts said on Wednesday that
the accounts in the report were
“one of the most depressing and
utterly shameful descriptions of
what was supposed to be a care
system that I have ever heard of.”
The state is acting to fire Mr.
Walsh, a retired Marine Corps
lieutenant colonel with no previ-
ous nursing home experience, the
governor said. A lawyer for Mr.
Walsh was not immediately avail-
able for comment.
Mr. Walsh’s supervisor, Fran-
cisco Urena, resigned from his
post as the state’s secretary of vet-
erans’ services on Tuesday in an-
ticipation of the report. Mr. Baker
said the secretary was asked to
step down.
Staff members told investiga-
tors that they were initially dis-
couraged from wearing protective
equipment to conserve a limited
supply, and that they felt “an-
noyed, paranoid and fearful for
their lives because they could not
find masks,” the report said.
The most troubling portions of
the report describe the weekend
of March 28 and 29, when staffing
was so short at the home that two
wards were hurriedly combined, a
decision one employee described
as “the most insane thing I ever
saw in my entire life.”
A social worker described lis-
tening to the chief nursing officer
say “something to the effect that
this room will be dead by Sunday,
so we will have more room here.”
Another social worker recalled
seeing a supervisor point to a
room and say, “All this room will
be dead by tomorrow.”
Several staff members told in-
vestigators that, in the confusion,
some of the dying men did not re-
ceive adequate pain relief medica-
tion.
None of the facility’s top admin-
istrators acknowledged taking
part in the decision to combine the
two wards, and its medical direc-
tor, David Clinton, told investiga-
tors he was not consulted.
“We find this not to be credible,
and at the very least, that Dr. Clin-
ton was aware (or should have
been aware) of the move and did
nothing to stop it,” the report said.
Val Liptak, the interim adminis-
trator brought in to manage the
crisis, told investigators that,
though she and her team had a
“collective 90-plus years of nurs-
ing” among them, “none of us
have ever seen anything like this.”
The overcrowded ward, she said,
“looked like a war zone.”
THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
An annual South Korean exercise near the border Tuesday. On Wednesday, Kim Jong-un, North Korea’s leader, tabled a plan to resume such exercises.
Kim’s Flip-Flop Strategy: Hawk Turns Dove Again
By CHOE SANG-HUN
SEOUL, South Korea — One of North
Korea’s favorite geopolitical strategies
has long been compared to dipping
alternately in pools of scathingly hot
and icy cold water in a public bath-
house.
NEWS Just a week ago, Kim
ANALYSIS Yo-jong, the only sister
and key aide of North
Korea’s leader, Kim Jong-
un, threatened to kill the country’s
agreements with South Korea that were
intended to ease military tensions along
the border. She called the South Korean
president, Moon Jae-in, “disgusting”
and “insane.” Then the North blew up
the joint inter-Korean liaison office, the
first of a series of actions that threat-
ened to reverse a fragile détente on the
Korean Peninsula.
On Wednesday, Mr. Kim emerged as
the good cop, overruling his military
and suspending its plans to deploy
more troops and resume military exer-
cises along the world’s most heavily
armed border. Hours later, South Kore-
an border guards confirmed that the
North Korean military had dismantled
loudspeakers installed on the border in
recent days as part of its threat to
revive propaganda broadcasts against
the South.
If the flip-flop seemed disorienting,
that was exactly the effect North Korea
intended. Over the decades, alternating
between raising tensions and extending
an olive branch has been part of the
North’s dog-eared playbook.
In 2017, Mr. Kim conducted a series of
increasingly daring nuclear and long-
range ballistic missile tests, driving his
country to the edge of war with the
United States. Then he made a sudden
switch the next year to a giddy round of
diplomacy with President Trump, as
well as with Mr. Moon.
Mr. Kim’s grandfather Kim Il-sung,
North Korea’s founding president,
proposed reconciliation with South
Korea even as he prepared to invade
the South to start the 1950-53 Korean
War. His father and predecessor, Kim
Jong-il, discussed co-hosting the 1988
Summer Olympics with South Korea
before North Korean agents planted
bombs on a Korean Air Boeing 707 in
1987. The plane exploded near Myan-
mar, killing all 115 on board.
When the move is toward peace, the
change of tack is so dramatic that
North Korea’s external enemies often
take the shift itself as progress, even
though there is no evidence that the
country has decided to abandon its
nuclear weapons.
“When such a shift comes, the world
goes, ‘Wow!’ ” said Yun Duk-min, a
former chancellor of the Korea National
Diplomatic Academy. “The world is so
impressed that just starting dialogue
with the North feels like a major turn-
around.”
Mr. Kim’s decision on Wednesday will
at least temporarily keep the latest
tensions from spinning out of control on
the Korean Peninsula. But it also
showed that Mr. Kim was calibrating
his moves as he sought to reclaim some
of the domestic credibility and diplo-
matic leverage he had lost after his two
years of diplomacy with Mr. Moon and
Mr. Trump.
Mr. Kim returned from his second
summit with Mr. Trump, held in Viet-
nam in February of last year, without
winning a badly needed reprieve from
international sanctions that he had
promised to his people. Those sanctions
have devastated the North’s exports
since late 2017.
Mr. Kim began this year by exhorting
his people to build a “self-reliant econ-
Last week, Kim Yo-jong, above, Mr. Kim’s sister and adviser, called the South
Korean president “insane” and threatened to kill agreements with the South,
and North Korea blew up the joint inter-Korean liaison office, below.
omy” impervious to international sanc-
tions. At the same time, he tried to ease
the pain of sanctions by attracting more
Chinese tourists and encouraging ille-
gal smuggling.
But that plan sputtered amid the
coronavirus epidemic, which has forced
the country to shut its borders.
“First and foremost, the economy is
the problem for Kim Jong-un,” said
Park Won-gon, a professor of interna-
tional relations in Handong Global
University in South Korea. “As the
impact of the prolonged Covid-19 epi-
demic wore heavily on his people’s
livelihoods, Kim Jong-un doesn’t have a
lot of time left” before he must find a
way out, Mr. Park said.
In the North’s playbook, domestic
trouble often calls for raising tensions
with its outside enemies to win their
concessions and also consolidate inter-
nal unity.
The North is widely believed to have
expedited its nuclear weapons develop-
ment after it struggled under a devas-
tating famine in the late 1990s. It has
pushed its nuclear program as a deter-
rent against “American invasion,” as
well as a tool to extract economic and
other concessions from Washington and
its allies.
This year, the North’s first target was
POOL PHOTO
KOREAN CENTRAL NEWS AGENCY, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
South Korea and Mr. Moon. North
Korea has repeatedly accused Mr.
Moon of being so beholden to Washing-
ton’s policy of enforcing sanctions that
he has reneged on his promise to Mr.
Kim to improve inter-Korean economic
ties.
Mr. Kim’s sister, Kim Yo-jong, took
the lead in the attack against South
Korea. But Mr. Kim stayed out of the
escalating standoff with the South,
giving himself flexibility to change
course.
“The brother and sister play the good
and bad cop toward South Korea,” said
Lee Byong-chul, a North Korea expert
at Kyungnam University’s Institute for
Far Eastern Studies in Seoul.
Although North Korea has often
sounded incorrigibly bellicose, it has
proved to be a shrewd strategist capa-
ble of judging when to throttle up the
tensions and when to pull back on
them.
After two South Korean soldiers were
injured by land mines in 2015, the South
accused the North of planting the de-
vices near the soldiers’ front line guard
post. In retaliation, South Korea re-
sumed loudspeaker propaganda broad-
casts along the border, bombarding
North Korean soldiers with K-pop mu-
sic and screeds against Mr. Kim. When
AHN YOUNG-JOON/ASSOCIATED PRESS
North Korea fired at the loudspeakers,
the South responded with artillery fire.
As both sides raised their military alert
level, it was the North that first
proposed dialogue, and it later ex-
pressed regret over the South Korean
soldiers’ injury.
In 2018, a North Korean diplomat
called Vice President Mike Pence
“stupid” and a “political dummy,”
threatening to cancel a planned summit
between Mr. Kim and Mr. Trump. When
Mr. Trump acted first and called off the
meeting, North Korea immediately
issued another statement saying that
Mr. Kim wanted to meet Mr. Trump “at
any time.” Mr. Trump was happy to
revive the summit plan.
This month too, North Korea has
been carefully calculating its maneu-
vers. Even when its military drew up
action plans along the border, the state
news media took pains to point out that
they would need Mr. Kim’s “ratifica-
tion.”
Mr. Kim suspended those plans
during a meeting of his Central Military
Commission on Tuesday. The next day,
the North Korean media said the meet-
ing was “preliminary.” The language
prompted some analysts to suspect that
the commission could hold a regular
meeting to have more discussions and
potentially reverse course if needed.
“Now that he has succeeded in seiz-
ing the attention of Washington, Seoul
and Beijing, Kim Jong-un thinks he can
pause for a bit to see how they re-
spond,” said Kim Yong-hyun, a North
Korea specialist at Dongguk University
in Seoul. “By saying that he ‘sus-
pended,’ not terminated, the action
plans, he is still keeping the option on
the table.”
There were signs that North Korea’s
strategy was already working in the
South.
As tensions rose on the peninsula,
South Korea moved swiftly to ban send-
ing anti-North Korean leaflets across
the inter-Korean border. Liberal poli-
ticians urged Mr. Moon to persuade
Washington at least to allow inter-
Korean economic cooperation and
humanitarian aid shipments to the
North.
There was another reason Mr. Kim
hesitated: Some of the actions North
Korea threatened against the South
were tantamount to shooting itself in
the foot.
If North Korea follows through on its
threat to restart propaganda broad-
casts and leaflet distribution across the
border, the South would likely respond
in kind. North Korea has more to lose,
say analysts. The North’s propaganda
has little impact on South Koreans, who
are far more affluent, while the regime
doesn’t have sufficient electricity to
raise the volume on its loudspeakers.
Cross-border hostilities will also weak-
en South Koreans’ support for eco-
nomic or humanitarian help for the
North.
But analysts also warned that Mr.
Kim may shift his posture again if Seoul
and Washington don’t appease the
North. As the presidential election in
the United States draws near, Mr. Kim
could attempt major military provoca-
tions to gain leverage with whoever
wins the election.
“There may be a pause in provoca-
tions or Pyongyang might temporarily
de-escalate in search of external con-
cessions,” said Leif-Eric Easley, a pro-
fessor of international studies at Ewha
Womans University in Seoul. “But
North Korea will almost certainly con-
tinue to bolster its so-called ‘deter-
rent.’”
A11
N
Kosovo Leader
Faces Charges
Of War Crimes
In 1990s War
By PATRICK KINGSLEY
and GERRY MULLANY
BERLIN — President Hashim Thaci of
Kosovo, a guerrilla leader during Koso-
vo’s battle for independence from Serbia
during the 1990s, was indicted on 10
counts of war crimes on Wednesday at a
special court in the Netherlands. Pros-
ecutors accused him and other former
fighters of being “criminally responsible
for nearly 100 murders.”
The charges, long anticipated, have
yet to be accepted by
judges at the court,
but their timing
came as a shock,
both in the Balkans
and in Washington.
Mr. Thaci was to
meet on Saturday at
the White House
with his Serbian
counterpart, Presi-
dent Aleksandar Vu-
cic, to continue a Hashim Thaci
Kosovar-Serbian di-
alogue mediated by American officials.
Mr. Thaci, 52, will no longer attend the
meeting, dashing American hopes that
the negotiations might finally lead to a
settlement between Serbia and Kosovo.
Kosovo won autonomy in 1999, aided by a
NATO bombing campaign, but Serbia
has never recognized Kosovo’s
sovereignty, and negotiations to reach a
final peace deal stalled in 2018. The
United States is one of about 100 coun-
tries that recognize Kosovo’s independ-
ence.
“This affects Kosovo in all possible
ways,” said Agron Bajrami, the head of
the Koha Media Group, Kosovo’s largest
media conglomerate. “It affects the
process of dialogue, in which the presi-
dent was the main interlocutor for both
the European Union and the United
States, and it will have an enormous ef-
fect in the political scene in Kosovo.”
Though most of the more than 13,000
casualties in the Kosovo War were Koso-
var Albanians killed by Serbian troops,
more than 2,000 were Serbs, Roma and
Kosovar Albanians killed mostly by
NATO bombs or by guerrilla groups like
the Kosovo Liberation Army, according
to figures from the Humanitarian Law
Center, a human rights group with of-
A tribunal accuses a
president who was about
to visit the White House.
fices in Serbia and Kosovo.
To investigate possible war crimes
carried out by these guerrilla groups, the
Kosovar Parliament founded a special ju-
dicial system in 2016, staffed by foreign
jurists and based in the Netherlands to
allow its officials to work more independ-
ently.
The prosecutors accused Mr. Thaci,
Kadri Veseli, a former spy chief, and sev-
eral unnamed defendants of crimes
against humanity, including murder, en-
forced disappearance of persons, perse-
cution and torture.
“If the indictment is confirmed, it
would be unprecedented,” said Vigan
Qorrolli, a law professor at the Univer-
sity of Pristina in Kosovo’s capital.
“Some people thought they’d go for the
smaller fishes, but they started with the
bigger fishes.”
Mr. Thaci began his public life as a
leader of the Kosovo Liberation Army
but turned to civilian politics after the
war ended, serving as both prime min-
ister and foreign minister. Since 2016, he
has been Kosovo’s mainly ceremonial
president. He remains a pillar of Kosovar
political life, revered as a hero of the war
by some while others accuse him of being
the embodiment of the wayward political
class that has ruled Kosovo since inde-
pendence.
A 2008 report compiled by German in-
telligence officers accused him of ramp-
ant corruption. “People identify him with
everything that went wrong after inde-
pendence,” Mr. Bajrami said.
Still, Joseph R. Biden Jr., the presump-
tive Democratic nominee for president,
once described Mr. Thaci as the “George
Washington of Kosovo.”
Earlier this year, Mr. Thaci helped en-
gineer the collapse of the government of
Albin Kurti, a reformist prime minister
and longtime political activist who had
promised to clean up Kosovo’s judicial
system, and whom many younger Koso-
vars viewed as a necessary break from
former wartime leaders like Mr. Thaci.
Criticism of Mr. Thaci escalated after
his support for a land swap with Serbia.
Mr. Thaci now denies he discussed such
a land swap with Serbian officials, but
the claim remains central to Kosovar po-
litical discourse.
Prosecutors at the special court said
they had been forced into announcing
their indictment on Wednesday because
of unspecified actions taken by Mr. Thaci
and Mr. Veseli to undermine their work.
Patrick Kingsley reported from Berlin,
and Gerry Mullany from New York.
Marlise Simons contributed reporting
from Paris.
A12 N THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
Floyd’s Death Forces a Deeper Debate on France’s Slave-Trading Past
By NORIMITSU ONISHI
BORDEAUX, France — At a
bend in the river, a succession of
stately stone buildings, each more
imposing than the last, stretches
along the left bank. Their elegant
18th-century facades had helped
Bordeaux, already famous for its
wineries, become a UNESCO
World Heritage site.
“This facade, it’s a monumental
and extraordinary heritage — and
a sort of stage metaphor,” said
Laurent Védrine, director of the
Museum of Aquitaine. “Let’s go
look behind the stone facade:
Where did this wealth come
from?”
Bordeaux, unlike much of
France, began digging into that
question more than a decade ago.
It found that its grand buildings
had been financed, in part, by the
slave trade. Slavery touched on its
monuments and its architecture.
So the city began to address the
past, but instead of tearing down
the telltales of its ugly history, it
has put up plaques to acknowl-
edge and explain it.
Other European cities with sim-
ilar histories have preferred to re-
main silent. But the killing of
George Floyd by a police officer in
Minneapolis has now widened
and invigorated the debate over
Europe’s long, brutal and lucra-
tive history in Africa, punctuated
by the recent toppling of statues of
colonial-era figures.
In France, a long history of slav-
ery and colonialism has been
eclipsed by a national narrative
and self-identity as the revolution-
ary champion of universal human
rights.
But France’s colonialist past is a
subject as sensitive as slavery is
in the United States. Behind the
refined facade of much of Europe,
the world’s most-visited tourist
region, lies wealth that was gener-
ated by the trans-Atlantic slave
trade and the subsequent coloni-
zation of the African continent.
Six decades after most African
nations gained independence,
there has been no complete com-
ing to terms with that history, ei-
ther in Europe or in Africa. Caught
in the silence are people of African
origin in Europe, where enduring
racism, near-hysterical fear over
migration and the failure to inte-
grate generations of immigrants
cannot be separated from that un-
resolved past.
“It’s the inability to shed light
on that past that maintains the
racism and the impunity of the po-
lice, or the impunity of those who
make decisions, in employment or
in housing, based on physical cri-
teria and deny the rights of
French people who are black or
Arab,” said Karfa Diallo, the Sene-
galese-born founder of Mémoires
et Partages, an organization that
has pushed the city of Bordeaux to
fully acknowledge its history. “It’s
never said as clearly as that, but
that’s the heart of the matter.”
As researchers dug deeper into
Bordeaux — past the sculpted Af-
rican faces looking down from a
building in the Place de la Bourse
— they found logbooks, records,
paintings, all showing that the
French city in the interior, at a
bend in the Garonne, had flour-
ished because of commerce based
on the enslavement of human be-
Poland’s President Gets
A Boost From Trump
By MICHAEL CROWLEY
President Trump welcomed
President Andrzej Duda of Poland
to the White House on Wednes-
day, his first meeting with a for-
eign leader since February and
one that Democrats called an un-
seemly effort to boost a European
ally whose country is tilting to-
ward autocracy days before a
close re-election vote.
Mr. Duda, who has served as
Poland’s president since 2015, has
presided over political restric-
tions on Poland’s judiciary, media
and civil society while becoming
one of Mr. Trump’s preferred for-
eign partners. The Polish election
is on Sunday, a fact Mr. Trump
made no effort to gloss over.
“I do believe he has an election
coming up, and I do believe he will
be successful,” Mr. Trump said of
Mr. Duda during a news confer-
ence the men held in the Rose Gar-
den.
Pressed on whether he was
seeking to tip the scales in the Pol-
ish election, Mr. Trump deflected
the question.
“He’s doing a terrific job. The
people of Poland think the world of
him,” Mr. Trump said. “I don’t
think he needs my help.”
But it is clear that Mr. Trump
would be happy to see Mr. Duda
retain power. The two leaders
have met one on one at least five
times, including three times at the
White House. Two years ago Mr.
Duda hosted the president in War-
saw, where Mr. Trump delivered a
speech calling for nationalist,
anti-immigration policies world-
wide. Mr. Duda has even offered to
host a “Fort Trump” that would
house U.S. troops in his country.
Marc Santora contributed report-
ing.
ings.
Local men had made fortunes
sending ships to Africa, where the
French bartered goods for people,
who were then taken across the
Atlantic to Caribbean colonies.
There, they were sold and forced
to labor on plantations, producing
goods that were finally brought to
Bordeaux’s port and sold in Eu-
rope.
In 2009, the Museum of
Aquitaine established a perma-
nent exhibition detailing Bor-
deaux’s role in France’s slavery-
based commerce. From 1672 to
1837, 180 shipowners in Bordeaux
led 480 expeditions that trans-
ported as many as 150,000 Afri-
cans to France’s Caribbean colo-
nies, making Bordeaux the most
important French slave-trading
port after Nantes.
The city government has physi-
cally acknowledged that history,
starting in 2006 with a modest
plaque on a dock along the river to
commemorate the history of slav-
ery. Over the years, the reminders
have grown more prominent and
His visit had no clear official
purpose, analysts said, and
amounted to a photo opportunity
for a populist leader whom polls
show with just 40 percent support
heading into an election that re-
quires a majority to avoid a runoff.
“This was really an endorse-
ment masquerading as a meet-
ing,” said Molly Montgomery, a
former career diplomat and a non-
resident fellow at the Brookings
Institution. Ms. Montgomery
noted that Mr. Trump “didn’t even
try to hide or gloss over the elec-
tion piece here.”
Mr. Trump has not met in Wash-
ington with a top foreign official
since February, when he hosted
Venezuela’s opposition leader,
Juan Guaidó, whom the U.S. rec-
ognizes as the country’s rightful
president.
He tried without success to
coax several heads of state to a
Group of 7 summit in the Washing-
ton area this month, an event he
said would signal a “return to nor-
malcy.” But Chancellor Angela
Merkel of Germany quashed the
idea in a statement saying the co-
ronavirus made such a gathering
unsafe.
For Mr. Duda, the political bene-
fits clearly outweighed any risk of
travel, even if his visit violated a
longstanding American political
norm.
“There is a good rule in U.S. di-
plomacy where you don’t do that,”
said Daniel Fried, a retired career
diplomat who served as the U.S.
ambassador to Poland in the Clin-
ton administration. “Trump does-
n’t much care about those things,
but the reason you don’t do it is be-
cause it injects the U.S. into the do-
mestic politics of another country,
and it alienates a whole bunch of
people there’s no reason to alien-
ate.”
moved closer to where people live.
Last year, the statue of Modeste
Testas, an enslaved woman
bought by two Bordeaux brothers,
was erected on the riverbank.
This month, the city installed
plaques on five residential streets
named after prominent local men
who were involved in the trans-At-
lantic slave trade. One plaque,
placed on the wall of a one-story
house on Gramont Street, ex-
plained that Jacques-Barthélémy
Gramont, a former mayor of Bor-
deaux, financed a slave-trading
expedition in 1783 and two more in
1803.
Marik Fetouh, a deputy mayor,
said that the city had always be-
lieved that the past must be re-
membered and explained, in con-
trast to a growing number of peo-
ple pushing to tear down statues
in Europe and the United States.
“Getting rid of statues won’t
erase horrible crimes that have
been committed,” Mr. Fetouh said.
“Not only do you not change his-
tory, but you also deprive yourself
of ways of explaining it.”
President Andrzej Duda of Poland with President Trump in the Oval Office on Wednesday.
The leaders said they discussed
a range of issues, including efforts
against the coronavirus, Poland’s
purchase of liquid natural gas
from the United States and Ameri-
can assistance for Poland’s civil
nuclear program.
“I don’t think we’ve ever been
closer to Poland than right now,”
Mr. Trump said in brief remarks to
reporters in the Oval Office. “I
have a very good personal rela-
tionship with the president.”
The men also discussed Ameri-
can troop levels in Poland, which
could rise if Mr. Trump follows
through on his stated plans to
withdraw 9,500 U.S. troops from
Germany, capping America’s per-
manent presence there at 25,000
troops.
Many officials in Poland are
hopeful that Mr. Trump will relo-
cate some of those troops to their
country, which now hosts some
4,500 American service members
PHOTOGRAPHS BY ANDREA MANTOVANI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
The Place de la Bourse is a symbol of the prosperity of Bordeaux,
which flourished because of the slave trade. Karfa Diallo says the
city — and France — should do more to acknowledge that past.
But Mr. Diallo said that Bor-
deaux — and France — should do
more, especially in light of the an-
ger stirred by Mr. Floyd’s killing.
Mr. Diallo said that while he found
the possibility of financial repara-
tions politically unrealistic, he be-
lieved the idea was morally just:
When France abolished slavery in
1848, it compensated enslavers for
their financial loss. Far short of
that, he says, he’d like to see one
street in the city renamed entirely
as a “strong symbol.”
Mr. Fetouh said that changing
street names makes residents an-
gry and would make the popula-
tion less open to look at the past.
But around Europe there is less
sentiment in favor of preserving
the status quo.
After Mr. Floyd’s killing, a
crowd in Bristol, England, toppled
a statue of the 17th-century slave
trader Edward Colston. In Ant-
werp, Belgium, the local authori-
ties, responding to increasing pro-
tests, removed a statue of Leopold
II, the Belgian king who ran an ex-
ploitative regime that led to the
deaths of millions in what is now
the Democratic Republic of Congo
and whose ambitions set off Eu-
rope’s scramble for African colo-
nies.
In the United States, protesters
first focused on Confederate mon-
uments. But they have since cast a
wider eye, including at former
presidents like Andrew Jackson, a
slave owner whose policies forced
Native Americans from their land,
and Woodrow Wilson, the archi-
tect of the League of Nations
whose legacy has faced increas-
ing scrutiny for his racist views
and his resegregation of the fed-
on a rotating basis.
But Trump officials say no such
plans have been set. Writing in
The Wall Street Journal last week,
Mr. Trump’s national security ad-
viser, Robert C. O’Brien, said mili-
tary officials were still drawing up
options for the president.
“We’re going to be reducing our
forces in Germany,” Mr. Trump
said. “Some will be coming home
and some will be going to other
places — but Poland would be one
of those other places, other places
in Europe.”
If more American troops do go
to Poland, they are unlikely to be
housed at a site named after Mr.
Trump. Last year, Poland pro-
posed spending some $2 billion to
build a new base informally desig-
nated as Fort Trump to host thou-
sands of American troops. Those
plans fell through, but the United
States did agree to send 1,000
more troops to the country.
eral work force.
In France, many protesters fo-
cused on Jean-Baptiste Colbert,
the 17th-century statesman who is
still celebrated for his lasting im-
pact on France’s political econ-
omy, but who was also the author
of the Code Noir, the 1685 decree
regulating slavery in the colonies.
On Tuesday, a protester splattered
red paint on a statue of Colbert in
front of the National Assembly
and wrote “state Negrophobia” on
its pedestal.
Jean-Marc Ayrault, a former
prime minister who is now presi-
dent of the Foundation for the
Plaques and a statue
mark Bordeaux’s role
in the slave trade.
Memory of Slavery, urged the gov-
ernment to remove Colbert’s
name from important halls and
buildings. The idea was quickly
shot down, led by President Em-
manuel Macron, who said during
a national address that France
“will not erase any trace or name
from its history. The republic will
not take down any statues.”
But France — whose diplomatic
power rests greatly on the influ-
ence it still exerts over its former
African colonies — has struggled
more than other European na-
tions to come to terms with its im-
perial past.
Achille Mbembe, a Camer-
oonian expert on post-colonial his-
ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Mr. Duda said on Wednesday
that he had asked Mr. Trump to re-
locate some of the troops into his
country and warned that major
American withdrawals from the
continent “would be very detri-
mental to European security.”
But European leaders are con-
cerned about what Mr. Trump
might do. In his new book, Mr.
Trump’s former national security
adviser, John R. Bolton, confirmed
reports that Mr. Trump had con-
sidered withdrawing from NATO
altogether.
Several prominent Democrats
criticized the visit before Mr. Du-
da’s arrival. Representative
Marcy Kaptur of Ohio, who is Pol-
ish-American, called on Mr.
Trump to cancel the meeting, cit-
ing in a statement his “inappropri-
ate efforts to insert himself into
Polish domestic politics and boost
President Duda’s re-election with
a White House visit.”
tory and France, said that those
efforts were complicated by
France’s self-understanding as a
nation and as a proponent of uni-
versal values like equality and lib-
erty.
“There aren’t that many coun-
tries in the world which believe
profoundly that they are invested
with a universal mission,” said Mr.
Mbembe, who teaches at the Uni-
versity of Witwatersrand in Jo-
hannesburg. “The U.S. is one of
them, and France is the other.”
“It is the idea of a universal
which is premised on the concept
that there is one human race,” he
added. “But the French confuse
the horizon with the existing reali-
ty. There’s a huge gap.”
The gap was easy to ignore be-
cause slave-trading and colonial-
ism were carried out well beyond
France’s main territory in Europe,
Mr. Mbembe said, adding, “It was
always a kind of offshore enter-
prise.”
Even in France’s far-flung cor-
ners, coming to terms with the
past has been a slow process.
In French Guiana — an over-
seas department on the north
coast of South America that
France established in the 17th cen-
tury with enslaved Africans — the
main airport was long named “Ro-
chambeau” after the father of a
French general who used dogs to
suppress a slave uprising in Haiti
and encouraged feeding the dogs
with human flesh.
Christiane Taubira — a law-
maker who was the driving force
behind a 2001 French law that rec-
ognized the slave trade and slav-
ery as crimes against humanity,
and the first black woman named
justice minister in France — be-
gan pressing to change the air-
port’s name in the early 2000s.
“There was so much resistance
— from historians, politicians and
even the people — that I was
ready to hand over the fight to the
next generation,” Ms. Taubira said
by phone from French Guiana, her
voice rising above the din of a
tropical rainstorm. “But after nine
years of battle, we won.”
In 2012, the airport was re-
named after Félix Éboué, a de-
scendant of enslaved people who
in 1936 was appointed the gover-
nor of Guadeloupe, then a French
colony in the Caribbean.
The enduring ties between
France and its former colonies
also continue to shape the per-
spective of Francophone Africans,
generations after independence.
Poor, young African migrants
keep risking their lives to cross
the Sahara and the Mediterra-
nean, homing in on France and its
vague, though talismanic, pull.
The elite keep apartments in
Paris and send their children to
schools there.
Mr. Diallo, the Senegalese-born
activist in Bordeaux, left Africa a
quarter-century ago as a young
man imbued with the words of
Léopold Senghor and Aimé Cé-
saire. In France, he built a life at
the bend in the river, making its
town his, too.
“The desire for Europe is
stronger than the desire for Afri-
ca,” Mr. Diallo said. “Even in us,
it’s not at all absent. We came to
study here and finally we stayed.
We became French.”
Former Secretary of State
Madeleine K. Albright, who
helped to expand the NATO alli-
ance into Eastern Europe the
1990s, also criticized the visit.
“I was proud to welcome a dem-
ocratic Poland into NATO, and I
am very concerned by the extent
to which the current Polish gov-
erning party has retreated from
the values at the heart of the alli-
ance,” she said in a statement.
“The United States should be
standing up for those values,
rather than rewarding President
Duda with a White House visit
days before the election.”
Ms. Kaptur and others also crit-
icized Mr. Duda for running a so-
cially conservative campaign that
speaks of “L.G.B.T. ideology” and
has compared gay rights activists
to communist revolutionaries.
“President Duda and his party
promote horrifying homophobic
and anti-L.G.B.T.Q. stereotypes
and policies that run counter to
the human rights and values that
America should strive to uphold,”
Representative Eliot L. Engel, the
chairman of the House Foreign
Affairs Committee, said in a state-
ment last week.
Mr. Fried said that Mr. Duda
was not the driving force behind
his country’s recent authoritarian
measures.
Mr. Trump and Mr. Duda also
found unlikely common cause
over recent efforts by anti-racism
protesters in the United States to
deface and topple federal statues
and monuments, which Mr.
Trump says he will make a crime
punishable by 10 years in prison
through an executive order. Mr.
Duda lamented that during dem-
onstrations near the White House
this month, protesters defaced a
statue in Lafayette Square of the
Polish general Tadeusz Kosciusz-
ko, who fought on the American
side of the Revolutionary War.
“For completely incomprehen-
sible reasons to us, that monu-
ment was devastated,” he said,
adding that it had since been re-
stored.

Palestinians in Jordan Valley Fear Annexation Would Cut Them Off
Netanyahu’s Plan
Remains Unclear
By ADAM RASGON
AL JIFTILIK, West Bank —
Hamdan Saeed rises at 5:30 each
morning to sell hot coffee to Pales-
tinian and Israeli motorists along
Route 90, the main highway
through the Jordan Valley, a re-
source-rich borderland in the oc-
cupied West Bank.
But Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu’s push to annex the
area has him worried that he
could lose his livelihood if his tiny
farming village is blocked off from
the road.
“We have no idea what annex-
ation would mean for us, because
nobody is telling us anything,” Mr.
Saeed, 49, a father of three who
makes around $20 a day, said at
his makeshift coffee stand on a re-
cent blazing hot morning. “Who
knows if I’ll be able to come
here?”
Palestinians in the Jordan Val-
ley have been left in the dark
about how annexation would af-
fect them. Many worry that it
could block them from their farm-
lands, prevent them from getting
to their jobs in Israeli settlements
and choke off their villages behind
walls, fences and checkpoints.
Mr. Netanyahu has vowed to be-
gin the process of annexing parts
of the West Bank as soon as July 1,
encouraged by the Trump admin-
istration’s proposal for resolving
the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
The unilateral annexation of oc-
cupied territory has been widely
condemned by other countries as
illegal.
While Mr. Netanyahu has not
released his plan, he has promised
to include the Jordan Valley, a 620-
square-mile farming region that
would give Israel a permanent
eastern border abutting Jordan.
Mr. Netanyahu considers the val-
ley a nonnegotiable requirement
for Israel’s security.
He has suggested that he would
carve out Palestinian villages,
which would “remain as Palestin-
ian enclaves.” Israel would not
“apply sovereignty over them,” he
said in an interview with an Israeli
newspaper last month, but would
retain “security control.”
Presumably the enclaves and
their residents would be con-
nected to a larger Palestinian enti-
ty in the West Bank, but Mr. Ne-
tanyahu has not explained how
such a system would work, and his
office declined to comment.
But Mr. Netanyahu’s pledge has
fueled concerns among Palestin-
ian residents that they would be
confined to isolated islands.
“What he’s saying is we should
be put in small bird cages,” said
Hazem Abu Jish, 53, a conven-
ience store owner in Furush Beit
Dajan, a village in the northern
Jordan Valley. “How can we live
like that? What if I need to go to
the hospital in Jericho for an
emergency? Will I no longer be
able to drive there in a half-hour?”
Jihad Abu al-Asal, the Palestin-
ian Authority’s governor of Jeri-
cho and the Jordan Valley, said
that Mr. Netanyahu seemed to be
willing to jeopardize Palestinian
communities to advance annex-
ation.
“He thinks we are like pawns,”
Mr. Abu al-Asal said in an inter-
view. “He thinks he can do what-
ever he wants with us to achieve
his goals. What he wants to do is to
formally institute an apartheid
system.”
Mr. Netanyahu has said he
would not annex the Jericho area,
home to more than 40,000 Pales-
tinians. A conceptual map in the
Trump administration’s proposal
leaves Jericho under Palestinian
control, as does a map Mr. Netan-
U.S. Used Secret Weapon, Missile With Blades, to Kill Qaeda Leader in Syria
By ERIC SCHMITT
WASHINGTON — American
Special Operations forces used a
specially designed secret missile
to kill the head of a Qaeda affiliate
in Syria this month, dealing the
terrorist group a serious blow
with a weapon that combines me-
dieval brutality with cutting-edge
technology.
American and Qaeda officials
said on Wednesday that Khaled
al-Aruri, the de facto leader of the
Qaeda branch, called Hurras al-
Din, perished in a drone strike in
Idlib in northwest Syria on June
14. He was a Qaeda veteran whose
jihadist career dates to the 1990s.
How he died was even more
striking. The modified Hellfire
missile carried an inert warhead.
Instead of exploding, it hurled
about 100 pounds of metal through
the top of Mr. al-Aruri’s car. If the
high-velocity projectile did not kill
him, the missile’s other feature al-
most certainly did: six long blades
tucked inside, which deployed
seconds before impact to slice up
anything in its path.
The Hellfire variant, known as
the R9X, was initially developed
nearly a decade ago under pres-
sure from President Barack
Thomas Gibbons-Neff contributed
reporting from Hope, Maine.
yahu proposed when he first
promised to annex the valley last
fall.
The valley, which Israel has
controlled since the 1967 Arab-Is-
raeli war, comprises approxi-
mately a quarter of the West Bank
and lies hundreds of feet below
sea level. Outside of the Jericho
region, it is inhabited by about
12,000 Palestinians and 12,500 Is-
raeli settlers.
Israeli authorities already pro-
hibit Palestinians from building
on most of the territory and deny
them access to large parts of it,
over half of which has been de-
clared a closed military zone, ac-
cording to Peace Now, an anti-set-
tlements group.
Palestinian villages in the Jor-
dan Valley regularly face power
outages and receive far smaller al-
locations of water than neighbor-
ing settlers, according to several
Israeli nongovernmental organi-
zations.
“They give more water to the
fruits and vegetables than the
people,” said Ibrahim Obayat, the
mayor of the village of Fasayil, re-
ferring to Israeli farms in the area.
Israeli officials say they are not
to blame for shortages of water
and electricity.
Danny Tirza, a former Defense
Ministry official who worked on
zoning issues in the West Bank,
said the local utility, the Jerusalem
District Electricity Company, has
not renovated its infrastructure
Obama to reduce civilian casu-
alties and property damage in
America’s long-running wars on
terrorism in far-flung hot spots.
The weapon, first described in
detail last year by The Wall Street
Journal, has been used perhaps a
half-dozen times in recent years,
American officials said, typically
when a senior terrorist leader has
been located but other weapons
would risk killing nearby civil-
ians.
Conventional Hellfire missiles,
with an explosive warhead of
about 20 pounds, are often used
against groups of individuals or a
so-called high-value target who is
meeting with other militants. But
when Special Operations forces
are hunting a lone leader, the R9X
now is often the weapon of choice.
American officials confirmed
the use of the unusual missile in
two specific instances, one by the
Central Intelligence Agency and
one by the military’s secretive
Joint Special Operations Com-
mand. An American military
airstrike in Yemen in January
2019 killed Jamal al-Badawi, one
of the men suspected of plotting
the deadly Qaeda bombing of the
U.S. Navy destroyer Cole in 2000.
And Al Qaeda’s second-ranking
leader, Abu al-Khayr al-Masri,
who was a son-in-law of Osama
bin Laden, died in a C.I.A.
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
and does not purchase sufficient
electricity from Israel to cover
Palestinian demand there.
He blamed the Palestinian Au-
thority for the water shortage,
saying it has refused to work with
Israel to advance projects that
would benefit both Palestinians
and settlers. The Palestinians,
“We now fear they will try to expel us from our land,” said Abdel Rahman Bisharat, a shepherd.
airstrike in Idlib Province in
northwest Syria in February 2017.
Photographs of the vehicle Mr.
al-Masri was said to have been
traveling in revealed unusual de-
tails for such a strike: The vehicle
sustained no major explosive
damage, but a projectile clearly
struck it directly through its roof.
This suggested that the military
deliberately used an inert war-
head to kill its target by high-ve-
locity impact. Pentagon officials
at the time did not disclose details
about the R9X’s blades.
The British Royal Air Force
used inert precision-guided
bombs in the opening phases of
the invasion of Iraq in 2003, and
the French Air Force did the same
in Libya in 2011. Neither munition
employed the blades that the
American version later would.
Pentagon and C.I.A. represent-
atives declined to comment on
Wednesday about the use of the
R9X missile in Mr. al-Aruri’s
death.
The use of this type of missile
falls in line with the American mil-
itary’s push to use smaller muni-
tions to kill targets, made appar-
ent during the recent air cam-
paigns against the Islamic State in
Iraq and Syria in an effort to avoid
civilian casualties.
This includes the increased reli-
ance on the GBU-39, a 250-pound
Many Palestinians in the Jordan Valley worry annexation could block them from getting to their
farmlands. At left, Israeli soldiers at a Palestinian shopping center in the Jordan Valley.
alongside most of the interna-
tional community, consider the Is-
raeli settlements to be illegal.
Whoever is at fault, farmers in
the valley fear that annexation
will only make matters worse.
Abdo Moussa, 29, a farmer from
Al Jiftilik, said Israeli authorities
have squeezed Palestinian com-
munities in the area for decades
by cutting off their access to land
and providing inadequate serv-
ices.
“It’s always been that Israel
wants the land but not the people,”
said Abdo Moussa, 29, a farmer
from Al Jiftilik. “They’ve tried en-
couraging us to leave our land by
refusing to grant building permits
and barely giving us enough wa-
ter and electricity. I’m not sure the
situation can get much worse, but
I’m afraid they’ll find a way to do
so.”
Momen Sinokrot, the managing
small-diameter bomb used exten-
sively in the 2016 and 2017 battles
of Mosul and later Raqqa. Another
weapon that has gained popular-
ity is the advanced precision-kill
weapon system. It transforms a
small, unguided 2.75-inch rocket
with a laser-guidance kit, effec-
tively turning the weapon into an
air-launched sniper round.
But even the use of smaller,
more precise munitions has left
hundreds, if not thousands, of ci-
vilians killed by American weap-
ons during the six-year war
against the Islamic State and the
continuing air campaign in Af-
ghanistan.
The resilience of the Qaeda
branch in Syria, as well as the op-
erations of other affiliates in West
Africa, Somalia, Yemen and Af-
ghanistan, underscores the ter-
rorist group’s enduring threat de-
spite Bin Laden’s death and being
largely eclipsed in recent years by
the Islamic State as the terrorist
group of choice of global jihadis.
“Al Qaeda remains a global
force with its networks and
branches around the world,” Am-
bassador Nathan A. Sales, the
State Department’s counterter-
rorism coordinator, said in a con-
ference call with reporters on
Wednesday after releasing the de-
partment’s annual country re-
ports on terrorism.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY DAN BALILTY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
director of Palestine Gardens, a
date exporting company near
Jericho, said the prospect of an-
nexation adds another challenge
to his business, which has already
faced a number of complications
this year.
“It’s been a tough time,” he said
at his packing plant. “We had a
trade conflict between the Israeli
and Palestinian sides in February,
then the coronavirus came in
March and now we are dealing
with annexation.”
He worries that annexation
could require the placement of a
barrier between his packing plant
and suppliers scattered through-
out the Jordan Valley. “This issue
is creating a lot of uncertainty for
us,” he said.
Shaul Arieli, a former Israeli ne-
gotiator who specializes in maps
and borders, said that he did not
expect Israel to implement any
Mr. al-Aruri, who was also
known as Abu al Qassam, was a
close companion and brother-in-
law of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the
Jordanian terrorist who headed Al
Qaeda in Mesopotamia until he
was killed by an American
airstrike in Iraq in 2006, according
to Thomas Joscelyn, a senior edi-
tor of FDD’s Long War Journal, a
website run by the Foundation for
Defense of Democracies that
tracks military strikes against
militant groups.
In 2015, Mr. al-Aruri was one of
five senior Qaeda figures freed by
Iran in exchange for an Iranian
diplomat held in Yemen. His re-
lease brought a highly experi-
enced operative back to the field,
and after his arrival in Syria he
slowly climbed the ranks to be-
come Al Qaeda’s military boss and
then the de facto leader there.
The new Qaeda branch, called
Hurras al-Din, emerged in early
2018 after several factions broke
away from a larger affiliate in Syr-
ia. It is the successor to the Khora-
san Group, a small but dangerous
organization of hardened senior
Qaeda operatives that Ayman al-
Zawahri, Al Qaeda’s leader, sent to
Syria to plot attacks against the
West.
The Khorasan Group was effec-
tively wiped out by a series of
American airstrikes several years
N A13
annexation immediately, but that
authorities could eventually de-
cide to erect a barrier separating
the Palestinian enclaves from the
rest of the valley.
Despite the overwhelming pes-
simism about the prospect of an-
nexation, some Palestinians in the
area did not rule out the possibil-
ity that it might benefit them.
Raed Bani Fadal, 35, a worker at
an Israeli date plant in the Netiv
Hagdud settlement, said annex-
ation might open the door to per-
manent residency, the status af-
forded to Palestinian residents of
East Jerusalem. He sees that as
an improvement over the current
military occupation.
“It might mean they have to pay
us higher wages and allow greater
freedom of movement,” he said.
“If I’m right, I hope they annex
right away.”
The Palestinians in the Jordan
Valley who feel most anxious
about the ongoing annexation dis-
cussions are Bedouin shepherds
— several thousand of whom live
in tin-roofed tents in encamp-
ments that Israel considers ille-
gal.
“They have been practicing an-
nexation against us since 1967,
trying to deny us all the basic
needs of life,” said Abdel Rahman
Bisharat, 71, a resident of Al Ha-
didiya, a Bedouin village that is
accessible only by a rocky dirt
road. “We now fear they will try to
expel us from our land.”
In Al Hadidiya, water is so
scarce that residents can take
showers only once a week, he said.
Israel has not said whether it
would expel shepherds in unrec-
ognized villages if it annexes the
Jordan Valley, but Mr. Arieli pre-
dicts they would likely be “the
first casualty” of the process.
Mr. Bisharat, however, said his
family would not accept reloca-
tion.
“We refuse to leave,” he said.
“We were born on this land and we
will do everything we can to stay
here.”
ago. But with as many as 2,000
fighters, including seasoned lead-
ers from Jordan and Egypt, Hur-
ras al-Din is much larger and has
operated in areas where Russian
air defenses have largely shielded
them from American airstrikes
and the persistent stare of Ameri-
can surveillance planes.
Moscow dispatched military
aid and advisers to Syria in late
2015 to support the beleaguered
government of President Bashar
al-Assad.
Hurras al-Din was initially led
by Abu Hammam al-Shami, an-
other Qaeda veteran, but a United
Nations report said last year that
Mr. al-Aruri took charge of the or-
ganization at some point.
“Khaled al-Aruri was one of Al
Qaeda’s most senior figures
worldwide and a major veteran of
the cause, having begun work
with Zarqawi in the late 1980s,”
said Charles Lister, the director of
the Middle East Institute’s Syria
and Countering Terrorism and
Extremism Programs.
Besides being Al Qaeda’s pri-
mary representative in Syria, Mr.
al-Aruri was also engaged in ef-
forts to revitalize the group’s oper-
ational presence in Iraq, Turkey
and Lebanon, re-engaging old net-
works and connections that had
weakened somewhat in recent
years, Mr. Lister said.
A14 THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020

United in Music, Faith and Messaging, Even After a Firing

By KATHLEEN GRAY
ROYAL OAK, Mich. — The first wed-
ding ceremony for Terry Gonda and
Kirsti Reeve was a joyful occasion at-
tended by 180 friends and family, com-
plete with white wedding dresses and
veils, handmade origami table decora-
tions and songs from their church choir.
That wedding in Michigan was not le-
gal in 2003, but rather a symbolic testa-
ment to the love they had nurtured over a
9-year, long-distance relationship.
Their second marriage, in 2011, hap-
pened on a whim as they visited friends
in Washington, D.C., where same-sex
marriage was legal.
And it is their dream that the third time
around will happen in the Catholic
Church they have called home for nearly
20 years.
As unrealistic as that possibility al-
ready was, it became even more remote
after Ms. Gonda, 59, was notified that she
was going to be fired this week from her
part-time job as a music director at the
St. John Fisher Chapel, a church in Au-
burn Hills, Mich.
Msgr. Michael LeFevre, the pastor of
St. John Fisher who has supported the
couple since he learned of their marriage
five years ago, delivered the news in an
email, saying the archdiocese had re-
cently learned about it, too.
“When asked, I confirmed that you
and Kirsti had informed me of your mari-
tal status some five years ago,” he wrote
in the email, which Ms. Gonda shared
with The Times. “Now, the archdiocese is
choosing to activate its morality clause
to terminate your employment.”
On Wednesday afternoon, in a meeting
with archdiocese officials, Ms. Gonda
was officially terminated.
Monsignor LeFevre’s email came
June 12, just three days before the Su-
preme Court ruled that employers could
not fire workers based on their sexual
orientation or gender identity.
In his opinion, Justice Neil M. Gorsuch
recognized the existence of protections
for religious institutions in employment,
including the First Amendment, the Reli-
gious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993
and a 2012 Supreme Court ruling that
recognized a “ministerial exception” in
employment discrimination laws.
But there are also cases before the Su-
preme Court regarding religious exemp-
tions to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that
could address protections for religious
organizations more directly.
“How these doctrines protecting reli-
gious liberty interact with Title VII are
questions for future cases too,” he wrote.
The court heard oral arguments last
month in Our Lady of Guadalupe School
vs Morrissey-Berru, for example, a case
about whether teachers at private, reli-
gious schools are subject to the excep-
tion in the Civil Rights Act.
Ned McGrath, a spokesman for the
Archdiocese of Detroit, said, “As a long-
standing practice, out of respect for the
privacy of those involved, the Detroit
archdiocese does not comment on per-
sonnel matters.”
But the archbishop, Allen Vigneron, of-
fered a clear viewpoint in 2017 pastoral
note, calling for prayer for “those with
same-sex attraction who do not see the
truth and goodness of Christ’s call to
them, that they might undergo repen-
tance and conversion to receive healing
and peace.”
Ms. Gonda said that she thought the
Supreme Court ruling might give the
archdiocese pause before going through
with firing her, but she did not expect it
because of ministerial exemptions to
workplace civil rights protections.
Director Sees Dismissal as Archdiocese’s ‘Shot Across the Bow’
What she finds galling is that instead
of just not renewing her contract when it
expired on June 30, the church is choos-
ing to fire her instead.
“They’re trying to send a message.
This is a major shot across the bow,” she
said.
“They’re trying to sweep the gays out
of the church,” added Ms. Reeve, 51.
“Would they rather we live in sin?”
The Catholic community in Detroit has
a strong traditionalist faction, including
the controversial publication Church
Militant, which regularly includes homo-
phobic content. And as the vice president
of the U.S. Council of Catholic Bishops,
Archbishop Vigneron is next in line to
take over the organization, which took a
hard stance against the Supreme Court’s
ruling.
The firing of Ms. Gonda came after
church leaders sent a letter to priests in
metro Detroit, forbidding them to hold
masses for Dignity Detroit and Fortu-
nate Families, support groups for parish-
ioners who are part of the L.G.B.T.Q.
community and their families.
“It is essential that the church not
PHOTOGRAPHS BY ELAINE CROMIE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Terry Gonda, top right, and Kirsti Reeve were
married in 2011. St. John Fisher Chapel in Au-
burn Hills, Mich., where Ms. Gonda worked as
music director, knew about her marriage for
years but fired her this month at the request of
more traditional archdiocese officials.
seem to condone Dignity Detroit’s com- asked them to perform the music at their
peting vision for growth in holiness,” wedding in 2009 and become godparents
Bishop Gerard Battersby wrote to to their 4-year-old son.
parishes in March. “Whatever her lifestyle is, it has no
The couple has been inundated with real bearing on how she does her job,”
cards and calls of support. Some long- Ms. Ginger said. “She has done it profes-
time members of the parish, as well as
sionally for decades and she should not
some members of the choir, are contem- be fired for what she does in her personal
plating a switch to a different, more wel- life.”
coming church. For Ms. Gonda, the music director’s
Under the last two pastors at their job is not about the money: It pays about
parish, the church has gained a reputa- $21,000 a year, split among four people,
tion as a progressive community com- and is a small supplement to her full-time
mitted to social justice. And that has job as an engineer at the U.S. Army’s
been a tension point with the more con- Tank Automotive and Armament Com-
servative leadership in the archdiocese. mand facility in Warren, Mich. It is about
“It’s just an unbelievable thing that’s her faith and how she’s been able to ex-
happening. Terry is one of the nicest peo- press her spirituality since she joined the
ple you’d ever want to know and Kirsti is parish as a student at Oakland Univer-
just delightful,” said Alyce Gilroy, of Au- sity, which is across the street from the
burn Hills, who has been a member of St. church. She spent 24 years as the assist-
John Fisher for 40 years. “I am currently ant music director at St. John Fisher and
looking to find a new church that aligns the last six years as music director.
with my values. At age 97, that is pretty Her love of music helped her as she
sad.” was figuring out her sexual orientation
Michael and Sandra Ginger, of Roches- as a member of St. Valentine Church in
ter Hills, met Ms. Gonda and Ms. Reeve Redford, Mich., she recalled.
at church more than 15 years ago and “Our church became a regional hub for
young adults because we started doing
musicals. We did Jesus Christ Superstar
and then we did Godspell,” Ms. Gonda
said. “The camaraderie and the spiritu-
ality had a profound impact on me. It was
a powerful, powerful time.”
Music also led her to Ms. Reeve in
1994. Even though internet access was
limited at the time, they connected on-
line through an Indigo Girls fan group.
Ms. Reeve, who was involved with an
evangelical church and lived in London,
had a bootleg copy of one of the duo’s re-
cordings. Ms. Gonda, who was planning
a trip to England with her mother, ar-
ranged to meet Ms. Reeve to get a copy of
the tape.
The encounter was electric for both.
When Ms. Gonda played Ms. Reeve a
song with religious undertones, the
match was sealed.
“The phone calls cost $8,000 that first
year,” Ms. Gonda said.
After nine years of writing, calling and
periodic visits, Ms. Reeve, a licensed
counselor, moved to Michigan in 2003,
and a month later, they were married.
“I knew it was going to be OK when
Terry introduced me to Father Brzezin-
ski and he hugged me and said, ‘welcome
home,’” Ms. Reeve said of her first meet-
ing with the pastor of St. John Fisher at
the time, Father Jerry Brzezinski.
In an interview, Father Brzezinski,
who is retired but remains a member of
the parish, said Ms. Gonda’s marriage
was never an issue while he was pastor
at St. John Fisher.
“There was never a time that we were
proclaiming it publicly, nor we were we
trying to hide it,” he said. “It’s unfortu-
nate that the church hasn’t come to a
fuller understanding of human sexuality
and what’s going on in our lives in terms
of the person, their faith and goodness
and basically seeing each person in the
image and likeness of God. We’ve never
seen anything except that likeness of
God in Terry.”
Although Ms. Gonda and Ms. Reeve no
longer feel welcome at the church and
have been approached by other parishes
ready to accept them, they said they
want to figure out a way to stay with their
pastoral family and change people’s
hearts. Neither lawmakers nor the
courts should decide the fate of
L.G.B.T.Q. people in the Catholic Church,
they said.
“I’m uncomfortable with having laws
determine these decisions. I think the
church needs to do this,” Ms. Gonda said,
adding she’s not interested in pursuing a
lawsuit against the church, but hasn’t
shut the door on that option.
For Ms. Gonda, her life has been a se-
ries of seeming contradictions and she is
ready to adapt once again.
“I’m a Catholic and a lesbian, an engi-
neer and an artist, and a pacifist who
works for the Army,” Ms. Gonda said. “I
live in the middle of a paradox, so I’ve al-
ways got one foot out the door, period.”
The parish also is going through a
transition, with Monsignor LeFevre be-
ing assigned to a new parish and a new
pastor starting in July.
Ms. Gonda said she would direct the
choir this Saturday, as a volunteer, start-
ing with the song “All Are Welcome.” She
hopes to be in the front pew to welcome
the new pastor at an evening mass on the
Fourth of July.
“The guiding question for me right
now is how can we together as baptized
Catholics, being embraced by the arms of
the joy of the gospel, build bridges that
create a healthy church,” she said. “How
can we do that together? Because there
has to be a better way.”

A Proposed Link for Manhattan and Queens, for Bikes and Pedestrians Only
By WINNIE HU
New York City has taken street space
away from cars for dozens of pedestrian
plazas and for hundreds of miles of bike
lanes that make up the largest urban
bike network in the nation.
It has significantly expanded those ef-
forts during the coronavirus pandemic,
adding more than 40 miles of open
streets for pedestrians and cyclists,
some of which may become permanent.
Now, a new proposal calls for the city
to build the first new bridge to Manhat-
tan in decades — one just for cyclists and
pedestrians.
The car-free bridge would connect
Midtown Manhattan to Long Island City
in Queens, near the site that Amazon had
planned to build a headquarters before
pulling out under intense community op-
position.
The bridge would also link to Roose-
velt Island, where Cornell Tech is nurtur-
ing a new generation of tech en-
trepreneurs.
Called the Queens Ribbon, the $100
million bridge would be narrower than
one designed for cars and would resem-
ble a relatively thin line across the East
River, according to the proposal, which
was developed by a group of transporta-
tion engineers led by Samuel I.
Schwartz, a former city traffic commis-
sioner.
London, Paris, Singapore and other
cities have built car-free bridges as part
of a global movement to make more
room for people in urban streetscapes. In
New York, several major bridges carry
only pedestrians and cyclists, including
the High Bridge connecting Washington
Heights in Manhattan and Highbridge in
the Bronx.
The Queens Ribbon would serve the
growing bike and foot traffic in Manhat-
tan’s central business district. As New
York City has begun reopening after a
three-month shutdown, city officials
have warned that the streets could be
jammed by cars, and have urged com-
muters to take mass transit or alterna-
tives, such as bikes.
City officials have stepped up efforts to
make cycling safer after a spate of
deadly crashes last year. Twenty-eight
cyclists were killed in 2019, the highest
number in two decades. This year, there
have been eight cyclist deaths, com-
pared with 12 during the same period a
year ago.
Cycling has surged in recent months
as people have traded in the potential
health perils of subway and bus rides for
those of bike lanes. Citi Bike, the city’s
bike-share program, averaged 63,481
daily rides for June 15-17, up 45 percent
from June 1-3, according to Citi Bike data.
Bike rides over four East River cross-
ings — the Ed Koch Queensboro, the
Brooklyn, the Manhattan and the
Williamsburg Bridges — that are popu-
lar bike routes for commuters increased
to an average of 21,033 trips per weekday
in 2018 from 12,206 in 2008, according to
city data.
“Covid-19 has drawn tremendous at-
tention to walking and biking as increas-
ingly safe modes of transportation,” Mr.
Schwartz said. “We know there will be fu-
ture epidemics, superstorms, blackouts
and transit strikes.”
The Regional Plan Association, an in-
fluential planning group, recently un-
veiled a master plan for a Five Borough
Bikeway: a 425-mile continuous network
of protected, priority bike lanes. It would
A rendering of the Queens Ribbon, a proposed bridge for cyclists and pedes-
trians that would connect Midtown Manhattan to Long Island City in Queens.
build upon the city’s current bike net-
work, which includes sections that are
not connected and do not have physical
barriers separating cyclists from driv-
ers.
Still, the bridge proposal faces big hur-
dles. It would require city and state ap-
provals, and a hefty investment at a time
when the pandemic has plunged the city
into its most dire fiscal crisis in genera-
tions, which may require other trans-
portation infrastructure projects to be
put on hold.
City and state officials said they would
review the bridge proposal. City officials
added that they had made expanding cy-
cling and mobility options a priority. “We
appreciate the engineers’ hard work in
crafting a proposal to reimagine mobility
in our city,” a spokesman for the mayor
said.
Andrew Rein, the president of the Citi-
T.Y. LIN INTERNATIONAL
zens Budget Commission, a nonprofit
watchdog group, said the bridge’s poten-
tial benefits must be weighed against the
city’s competing transportation needs.
“There are trade offs,” he said. “When
you weigh these projects, something has
to give. If the city were to do this, what
project would it decide not to do?”
Other things to consider, Mr. Rein add-
ed, would be where the bridge fits into
the city’s overall plan for cycling and how
much it would cost to maintain the new
bridge once it was built.
Mr. Schwartz said the new bridge
could potentially be funded through a
public-private partnership.
His group sees the Queens Ribbon as
the first of three pedestrian-and-bike
bridges. The other two, which are still be-
ing developed, would link Lower Man-
hattan and Brooklyn, and Manhattan
with New Jersey across the Hudson
River. Each bridge would be 20 feet wide,
and could carry up to 20,000 people a day.
The Queens Ribbon was designed by
T.Y. Lin International, an engineering
firm. It would be a slender, flexible sus-
pension bridge modeled after industrial
bridges that carry pipes for gas or elec-
trical power, said Michael Horodniceanu,
a professor of civil engineering at New
York University who helped develop the
bridge proposal.
Dr. Horodniceanu said the bridge
would expand biking and walking op-
tions, and would also help the city’s econ-
omy recover by creating new construc-
tion jobs. “There are so many ways that
this will be a winner,” he said.
Polly Trottenberg, the city’s trans-
portation commissioner, said at a news
conference this week that the Koch
Bridge and Brooklyn Bridge had been
“pinch points for cycling in and out of
Manhattan.”
The Koch Bridge, which opened in
1909, is the only direct connection for pe-
destrians and cyclists between Midtown
Manhattan and Queens. It becomes
crowded partly because cycling is
banned across another major bridge
crossing nearby, the Robert F. Kennedy
Bridge, which connects East Harlem in
Manhattan to Astoria, Queens.
Mr. Schwartz said he had called for
new pedestrian-and-bike bridges in
Manhattan for more than a decade as the
city’s population grew, tourism boomed
and development spread to practically
every neighborhood.
“We never learn that we have to fit all
the pieces together,” he said. “We can
build up to the sky, but if we can’t get peo-
ple in, we will never fully use what we
build.”

The 45th President The Agenda
Divided Appellate Panel Orders the Dismissal of the Case Against Flynn
From Page A1
campaign. Earlier this year, Mr.
Flynn sought to withdraw his
guilty plea, and Attorney General
William P. Barr directed prosecu-
tors last month to ask Judge Sulli-
van to dismiss the case.
But before ruling on that re-
quest, Judge Sullivan appointed a
former judge to critique the gov-
ernment’s motion. Mr. Flynn’s de-
fense lawyer, Sidney Powell, then
asked the federal appeals court to
order Judge Sullivan to shut down
that review and terminate the
matter.
Widely seen as a long shot by
many legal experts, her strategy
succeeded — at least for now.
The case is “about whether, af-
ter the government has explained
why a prosecution is no longer in
the public interest, the district
judge may prolong the prosecu-
tion by appointing an amicus, en-
couraging public participation
and probing the government’s
motives,” wrote Judge Neomi
Rao, a former White House official
whom Mr. Trump appointed to the
appeals court last year.
She added, “On that, both the
Constitution and cases are clear:
He may not.”
Judge Sullivan, who has a law-
yer representing him in the ap-
peals court, could ask the full
court to reverse the order. The full
court also could invoke a rarely
used rule that permits it to order a
rehearing on its own, without any
petition, if the judges deem the
matter to involve “a question of
exceptional importance.”
The ruling turned on a technical
question — whether, as a legal
matter, Judge Sullivan had the au-
thority to scrutinize Mr. Barr’s
motivation or had to acquiesce to
the Justice Department request
that he rubber-stamp dropping
the case without reviewing the
motion’s legitimacy.
But at a House Judiciary Com-
mittee hearing titled “Political In-
terference and Threats to Pros-
ecutorial Independence” on
Wednesday, where two Justice
Department officials testified
Katie Benner contributed report-
ing.
In Blunt House Testimony,
Officials Say Politics Drove
Decisions on Barr’s Watch
This article is by Nicholas Fandos,
Katie Benner and Charlie Savage.
Two Justice Department offi-
cials recounted to Congress in
stinging detail on Wednesday how
political appointees had inter-
vened in criminal and antitrust
cases to advance the personal in-
terests of President Trump and
Attorney General William P. Barr.
Aaron S.J. Zelinsky, a prosecu-
tor who worked on the Russia in-
vestigation, told the House Judi-
ciary Committee that senior law
enforcement officials had stepped
in to overrule career prosecutors
and seek a more lenient prison
sentence for Mr. Trump’s longtime
friend Roger J. Stone Jr. “because
of politics.”
“In the United States of Amer-
ica, we do not prosecute people
based on politics, and we don’t cut
them a break based on politics,”
said Mr. Zelinsky, who testified by
video because of the coronavirus
pandemic. “But that wasn’t what
happened here. Roger Stone was
treated differently because of poli-
tics.”
John W. Elias, a senior career
official in the antitrust division,
charged that his supervisors im-
properly used their powers to in-
vestigate the marijuana industry
and a deal between California and
four major automakers at the be-
hest of Mr. Barr. He likened their
efforts to burdensome har-
assment meant to punish compa-
nies for decisions the attorney
general and the president op-
posed.
“Personal dislike of the indus-
try is not a valid basis upon which
to ground an antitrust investiga-
tion,” Mr. Elias said of the
cannabis cases.
The two accounts painted a
damning portrait of the Justice
Department under Mr. Barr, made
all the more remarkable given
that the witnesses were both still
department employees. They
could increase pressure on Mr.
Barr to further explain decisions
related to criminal cases involving
Mr. Trump’s associates and the
abrupt firing of the top federal
prosecutor in Manhattan, who
had overseen some of the investi-
gations into Trump allies.
Not long after the hearing got
underway, the Justice Depart-
ment announced that Mr. Barr
had agreed to appear himself be-
fore the panel on July 28. Demo-
crats had been threatening to is-
Sharon LaFraniere contributed re-
porting.
Michael T. Flynn, the former national security adviser, twice pleaded guilty to lying to the F.B.I.
about other law enforcement deci-
sions by and under Mr. Barr, Re-
publican lawmakers treated the
ruling as vindicating the attorney
general’s claim that the Flynn
case was unjust on the merits.
“We obviously know the Flynn
charge was wrong as evidenced
by what happened today,” said
Representative Jim Jordan, Re-
publican of Ohio.
At the White House, Mr. Trump
told reporters he was “very happy
about General Flynn,” adding:
“He’s been exonerated, and I want
to congratulate him.”
But Representative Steve Co-
hen, Democrat of Tennessee,
called on the full appeals court to
review the panel’s decision, argu-
ing at the House hearing that
judges should be able to “look into
the executive branch when what
they do is not in the interest of jus-
tice.”
He also portrayed Judge Rao in
political terms, noting that until
she became a judge last year, she
had led a White House agency
that oversees regulations. Under
Mr. Trump, he said, that agency
sue a subpoena for his appear-
ance. Seeking to further increase
pressure on the attorney general,
Representative Jerrold Nadler,
Democrat of New York and the
panel’s chairman, told reporters
after the hearing that the commit-
tee “may very well” pursue im-
peachment proceedings against
Mr. Barr — a highly unlikely out-
come given the political reality of
a fast-approaching election.
During the hearing, lawmakers
spent more time trying to argue
divergent political points about
Mr. Barr, Mr. Trump and the inves-
tigations that have hung over his
presidency than they did eliciting
facts about the Justice Depart-
ment from either witness.
“These are merely the symp-
toms of an underlying disease,”
Mr. Nadler said in opening re-
marks. “The sickness that we
must address is Mr. Barr’s use of
the Department of Justice as a
weapon to serve the president’s
petty, private interests.”
Democrats turned frequently to
a third witness, Donald B. Ayer,
who was deputy attorney general
under President George Bush and
warned that under Mr. Barr, the
country was “on the way to some-
thing far worse than Watergate.”
Republicans mounted an ag-
gressive defense of Mr. Barr, rely-
ing on their witness, Michael B.
Mukasey, who was attorney gen-
eral under President George W.
Bush, to try to deflate Democrats’
arguments.
“The politics was in the previ-
ous administration,” said Repre-
sentative Jim Jordan of Ohio, the
top committee Republican. “Bill
Barr is doing the Lord’s work try-
ing to clean it up so that it doesn’t
happen again.”
Republicans worked with the
Justice Department to undermine
the credibility of Mr. Zelinsky and
Mr. Elias, who they pointed out
had previously sought an assign-
ment working with Democrats on
the committee.
A department spokeswoman,
Kerri Kupec, said in a statement
that Mr. Barr determined that the
sentencing recommendation for
Mr. Stone was “excessive and in-
consistent with similar cases.”
She said Mr. Barr did not discuss
intervening in the case with the
president or anyone at the White
House. And she added that Mr.
Zelinsky’s testimony was “based
on his own interpretation of
events and hearsay (at best), not
firsthand knowledge.”
Mr. Zelinsky was among four
career prosecutors who withdrew
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
“does what Trump likes best,
which is jeopardize the safe air
and water of the American public
and give in to industry and profits
and pollution. And she did a good
job of it.”
Judge Rao’s decision not to per-
mit Judge Sullivan to scrutinize
the Justice Department request to
withdraw the Flynn charge was
joined by Judge Karen L. Hender-
son, a 1990 appointee of President
George Bush.
The fact that the two of them
turned out to be on the panel had
been seen as a good sign for Mr.
Flynn because each has proved
more willing than the majority of
their colleagues to interpret the
law in Mr. Trump’s favor in other
politically charged cases, like dis-
putes over congressional subpoe-
nas for his financial records and
whether Congress may see secret
grand-jury evidence from the
Russia investigation.
But the ruling was nevertheless
a surprise because both of them —
and Judge Henderson in particu-
lar — had asked many questions
during oral arguments this month
Aaron S. J. Zelinsky, onscreen, testified that senior officials treated a longtime friend of the president differently “because of politics.”
in protest from the Stone case af-
ter political appointees overrode
their recommendation that Mr.
Stone receive seven to nine years
in prison, in line with standard
sentencing guidelines.
Mr. Stone had been convicted of
committing seven felonies to im-
pede a congressional inquiry that
threatened Mr. Trump. Mr. Zelin-
sky described a fraught battle be-
tween the career prosecutors
working the case and their superi-
ors that spilled into public the day
after prosecutors made their re-
quest, when Mr. Trump attacked it
on Twitter as unjust.
Later that day, the department
submitted a new, more lenient rec-
ommendation to the judge decid-
ing what punishment to impose.
Mr. Zelinsky testified that su-
pervisors had openly discussed
the intervention to shorten the
recommendation as motivated by
“political reasons” even though
one supervisor agreed that doing
so “was unethical and wrong.” He
said they also pressured him to
mischaracterize trial testimony
and play down Mr. Stone’s miscon-
duct so the department could rec-
ommend a lighter sentence.
Days before the intervention,
Mr. Barr had maneuvered the
Senate-confirmed U.S. attorney
for the District of Columbia, Jessie
K. Liu, out of her role and tempo-
rarily installed in her place a close
aide from his own office, Timothy
that seemed to signal skepticism
about short-circuiting Judge Sulli-
van’s review.
A third judge on the panel,
Robert L. Wilkins, a 2014 appoint-
ee of President Barack Obama,
dissented. He said Judge Sullivan
should be permitted to complete
his review of whether the prosecu-
tor’s actions were impermissible
before deciding whether to grant
the motion to dismiss, citing the
unusual circumstances of the Jus-
tice Department’s “abrupt rever-
sal on the facts and the law” and
the opacity of what happened.
In a dissenting opinion, he said
his colleagues had made a series
of mistakes that rendered a “dead
letter” the portion of the rule of
criminal procedure that says
cases may only be dismissed with
a judge’s approval, or “leave of the
court” — at least when the de-
fense and prosecution agree that a
case should be dropped.
Instead, he argued, the law re-
quires that Judge Sullivan be per-
mitted to rule — and if Mr. Flynn
and the Justice Department do
not like what he decides, they can
Shea.
Mr. Zelinsky said that he was
told that Mr. Shea “was receiving
heavy pressure from the highest
levels of the Department of Jus-
tice” and complied because he
was “afraid of” Mr. Trump. At one
point, he said, a supervisor in-
structed him and other line pros-
ecutors that they could be fired if
they did not comply.
Under questioning by Mr. Jor-
dan, Mr. Zelinsky identified J.P.
Cooney, the chief of the fraud and
public corruption section in the
U.S. attorney’s office for the Dis-
trict of Columbia, as one of the su-
pervisors who told him what was
happening, but said there were at
least two others. Democrats must
now decide whether to try to seek
testimony from Mr. Cooney.
Mr. Stone was ultimately sen-
tenced to 40 months in prison and
ordered to begin serving is sen-
tence by June 30. He has asked a
judge to grant him a two-month
reprieve because of the pandemic,
and on Wednesday the judge or-
dered Justice Department offi-
cials to report to her on its policies
for dealing with such requests.
Mr. Elias’s account of the an-
titrust division more directly tied
what he viewed as improper ac-
tions by Mr. Barr.
“At the direction of Attorney
General Barr, the antitrust divi-
sion launched 10 full-scale re-
views of merger activity taking
then appeal.
“The District Court must be giv-
en a reasonable opportunity to
consider and hold a hearing on the
government’s request to ensure
that it is not clearly contrary to the
public interest,” he wrote. “I there-
fore dissent.”
Mr. Trump fired Mr. Flynn in
early 2017 for lying to Vice Presi-
dent Mike Pence and other col-
leagues about what he and the
Russian ambassador discussed in
December 2016. After realizing
that Mr. Flynn was lying to his col-
leagues about the calls, the F.B.I.
questioned him on Jan. 24, 2017,
and he again falsely denied what
they had discussed.
Mr. Flynn later struck a deal
with prosecutors working for the
special counsel, Robert S. Mueller
III, to cooperate and plead guilty
to one count of making a false
statement to the F.B.I. agents. The
deal would resolve his liability for
that crime as well as for failing to
register as a paid foreign agent of
Turkey in 2016 and then signing
forms in 2017 lying about the na-
ture of that work.
But after Mr. Flynn twice
pleaded guilty, he switched last
year to a new defense lawyer —
Ms. Powell — who began accusing
the F.B.I. and prosecutors of mis-
conduct. After Judge Sullivan re-
jected her accusations as un-
founded late last year, Mr. Flynn
sought to withdraw his guilty plea.
Mr. Barr then assigned an outside
prosecutor to scour Mr. Flynn’s
case file, turning over internal
documents showing that the F.B.I.
was aggressive in decisions relat-
ed to questioning him.
Among other things, the docu-
ments showed that the F.B.I. had
decided to close an investigation
into whether Mr. Flynn was a Rus-
sian agent before the issue of his
calls with the Russian ambassa-
dor arose, at which point it used
the fact that the inquiry remained
open to interview him about the
new concern. They also showed
that James B. Comey, then the
F.B.I. director, violated bureau-
cratic protocol when he unilater-
ally sent agents to question Mr.
Flynn, amid unfinished delibera-
tions with the acting attorney gen-
eral about how to do it.
place in the marijuana, or
cannabis, industry” because the
attorney general “did not like the
nature of their underlying busi-
ness,” Mr. Elias said in written tes-
timony.
Mr. Elias also said that the de-
partment began a review of four
automakers the day after Mr.
Trump said on Twitter that he was
enraged by the news that the com-
panies would adhere to higher fuel
emissions standards than the fed-
eral government demands.
Under questioning by Repre-
sentative David Cicilline, Demo-
crat of Rhode Island and chair-
man of the panel’s antitrust sub-
committee, Mr. Elias said he was
“not aware” of any evidence at the
time that the investigation would
have served the public, and that it
was clear throughout that the au-
tomakers “had clear legal de-
fenses for what they were doing.”
In Mr. Elias’s account, the mari-
juana industry reviews consumed
the antitrust division, making up
nearly a third of all of its cases in
the fiscal year that ended in Sep-
tember. He said that staff objected
to the numerous requests for in-
formation that the department
sent to the companies, in large
part because they were seen as
harassing and burdensome.
Mr. Elias, who served as chief of
staff to Makan Delrahim, the head
of the antitrust division, said that
during a meeting in September,
N A15
Ms. Powell used those docu-
ments to renew her allegations
that law enforcement officials rail-
roaded her client, even as the
president indicated that he was
considering pardoning Mr. Flynn.
But in May, Mr. Barr intervened
again, directing a prosecutor to
seek to dismiss the case with prej-
udice — meaning it could not be
refiled by the Justice Department
under any future administration
— on the theory that Mr. Flynn’s
lies to the F.B.I. were not “ma-
terial” to any legitimate investiga-
tion.
Mr. Barr’s move was widely
seen as extraordinary and a break
with the Justice Department’s ap-
proach in cases not involving a
A surprise 2-to-1 ruling
could face further
judicial review.
presidential favorite, fueling accu-
sations of politicization. In partic-
ular, legal experts broadly dis-
puted his notion that the false
statements were immaterial,
since they bore on the broader
counterintelligence investigation
into whether Trump campaign of-
ficials had coordinated with Rus-
sia’s 2016 election interference.
The outsider whom Judge Sulli-
van had appointed to critique the
Justice Department motion —
John Gleeson, a former federal
judge — had argued that its stated
reasons for dropping the case
were baseless and a “pretext” for
an illegitimate political interven-
tion on behalf of a presidential fa-
vorite. He urged Judge Sullivan to
instead sentence Mr. Flynn.
The Justice Department and
Ms. Powell have rejected that cri-
tique, arguing that dismissal of
the case was warranted on the
facts and that Judge Sullivan had
no authority to question the exec-
utive branch’s decision not to
press forward with a prosecution.
Mr. Gleeson had been due to file a
response to those rebuttals on
Wednesday before Judge Sullivan
suspended the proceedings.
ANNA MONEYMAKER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Mr. Delrahim “acknowledged at
an all-staff meeting that the
cannabis industry is unpopular
‘on the fifth floor,’ a reference to
Attorney General Barr’s offices.”
The department’s Office of Pro-
fessional Responsibility investi-
gated Mr. Elias’s concerns about
the reviews of mergers in the
cannabis industry and deter-
mined that the division “acted rea-
sonably and appropriately,” ac-
cording to an email sent to the di-
vision and obtained by The New
York Times.
The office also found that given
the “unique challenge” that the
nascent cannabis industry posed
for federal and state regulators,
the department reasonably
sought out additional information
from the industry.
Republicans drew heavily on
that report to undercut his ac-
count. In defending Mr. Barr, they
also frequently cited a ruling on
Wednesday by a divided appeals
court panel that ordered the dis-
missal of the case against Michael
T. Flynn, Mr. Trump’s former na-
tional security adviser. The ruling
could be appealed.
Mr. Barr had ordered that case
dropped last month even though
Mr. Flynn had twice pleaded
guilty to lying to the F.B.I. about
phone calls with the Russian am-
bassador — another move that
critics of Mr. Barr have portrayed
as favoritism to a presidential ally.
A16 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
The 45th President The Agenda
In Milestone for Trump,
G.O.P. Fills Last Vacancy
On Circuit Court Benches
By CARL HULSE
The Senate on Wednesday con-
firmed Cory T. Wilson of Missis-
sippi to a New Orleans-based cir-
cuit court over united Democratic
opposition, handing President
Trump the 200th federal judicial
confirmation of his tenure and
achieving a Republican goal of fill-
ing every appeals court opening
by the end of the year.
In winning Senate approval,
Judge Wilson, a conservative
state court judge and former Mis-
sissippi legislator, became the
53rd federal appeals court judge
installed by Mr. Trump and ce-
mented a milestone in a judicial
legacy that has reshaped the fed-
eral courts during his administra-
tion, including putting in place two
Supreme Court justices. Republi-
cans lauded the achievement. The
vote was 52-48.
“This will be a historic moment
for this body and for the adminis-
tration,” said Senator Roger
Wicker, Republican of Mississippi,
a strong supporter of Judge Wil-
Senators Press C.I.A. Watchdog Nominee on Whether He Can Work Independently
By JULIAN E. BARNES
WASHINGTON — The Senate
Intelligence Committee on
Wednesday sharply questioned
the Trump administration’s nomi-
nee to be the C.I.A.’s inspector
general, amid concern that the
White House’s purge of govern-
ment watchdogs has threatened
their ability to function independ-
ently.
In normal times, the nomina-
tion of a conservative white shoe
lawyer to be the government
watchdog for the nation’s top spy
agency would be a dull, pro forma
affair. But both the administra-
tion’s moves to oust various in-
spectors general and the partisan
division over a C.I.A. officer’s
whistle-blower complaint that led
to President Trump’s impeach-
ment loomed over the nomination
of Peter M. Thomson to become
the spy agency’s government
watchdog.
The job has been open for more
than five years, since David Buck-
ley stepped down from the posi-
tion near the end of the Obama ad-
ministration. Mr. Trump’s first
pick for the post languished in the
Republican-controlled Senate.
In April, the Trump administra-
tion nominated Mr. Thomson, a
lawyer from New Orleans who
told lawmakers on Wednesday
that he would not be bullied or suc-
New York City, ‘Running Out of Options,’
Could Lay Off 22,000, de Blasio Warns
By DANA RUBINSTEIN
and CHRISTINA GOLDBAUM
Mayor Bill de Blasio and other
top officials warned on Wednes-
day that the coronavirus pan-
demic was putting tremendous
stress on the finances of govern-
ment in New York City, raising the
prospect that they might have to
carry out cuts in infrastructure
spending and some of the most
sweeping layoffs of municipal
workers in decades.
The bleak financial picture
threatens to hamper New York’s
recovery even as it emerges from
a brutal lockdown that shut down
businesses and brought the city to
a virtual halt for three months af-
ter it became the epicenter of the
U.S. pandemic.
The alarms from New York offi-
cials reflect a broader political
strategy — threatening deep cuts
as part of their effort to pressure
Washington to provide more as-
sistance. And New York City’s
predicament speaks to the dire fis-
cal situation of states and local-
ities across the nation.
With the coronavirus siphoning
as much as $9 billion in tax reve-
nue from New York City, Mr. de
Blasio said on Wednesday that the
city might have to lay off or fur-
lough 22,000 municipal workers
this fall.
“We are running out of options
here,” the mayor said. “That is the
blunt truth.”
The same morning, the state-
run transit agency announced
that it would suspend its much-
heralded $54 billion plan to mod-
ernize the city’s antiquated trans-
portation system.
The move came as the Metro-
politan Transportation Authority,
which oversees the city’s subway
and buses, pushed for $3.9 billion
in federal emergency funds to
help the agency survive the crisis.
“To be clear, this is a four-alarm
fire,” said Patrick J. Foye, chair-
man of the M.T.A., on Wednesday.
“We are facing the most acute fi-
nancial crisis in the history of the
son. The Senate’s confirmation of
200 judges since 2017, he said, is
the highest total in a president’s
first term since President Jimmy
Carter.
“The seat we are voting to fill is
actually the last remaining circuit
court vacancy at this time, reflect-
ing the remarkable progress we
have made in rebuilding the fed-
eral judiciary,” Mr. Wicker added.
Under Senator Mitch McCon-
nell, Republican of Kentucky and
the majority leader, Senate Re-
publicans have prioritized con-
firming conservative judges over
considering legislation in the
sharply divided chamber, since
nominations can be advanced
with no support from minority
Democrats.
Mr. McConnell even adopted an
informal slogan to characterize
the effort: Leave no vacancy be-
hind. This year, Republicans have
stepped up their efforts to confirm
as many of Mr. Trump’s judicial
nominees as possible before No-
vember, when the president could
Peter M. Thomson, a defense lawyer and former federal prosecu-
tor, has been nominated to be the C.I.A.’s inspector general.
cumb to any pressure, real or per-
ceived.
“Independence, in my view,
means the work of the inspector
general must be performed in an
unbiased or impartial manner,
free of undue or inappropriate in-
fluences,” he said.
But his attempt to dodge ques-
tions about Mr. Trump’s attacks on
the intelligence community and
his assertion that he did not have
all the facts about the handling of
the whistle-blower complaint
about Mr. Trump’s dealings with
M.T.A.”
Mr. de Blasio described the lay-
offs and furloughs as a potentially
necessary move in light of sub-
stantial budgetary shortfalls
brought about by the pandemic’s
steep reduction in business activi-
ty.
As the pandemic has continued
to paralyze New York’s economy,
the administration’s estimates of
its own budget shortfalls have
continued to rise, forcing the city
to plan for spending cuts in nu-
merous areas. The mayor said the
administration was now looking
for another $1 billion in savings.
Mr. de Blasio said he was talk-
ing with municipal labor unions in
the hope of finding savings that
would forestall layoffs from a city
work force that numbered 326,000
by the end of 2019, according to
The M.T.A. pauses its
capital plan, citing a
fiscal ‘four-alarm fire.’
the Citizens Budget Commission.
That includes an expansion of
nearly 30,000 during Mr. de Bla-
sio’s administration, said Andrew
Rein, the commission’s president.
Mr. Rein noted that Mr. de Bla-
sio will have to grapple with even
more significant budget shortfalls
in future years, even if he does
find $1 billion in labor savings. He
also argued that the city could find
labor savings in ways that do not
entail layoffs, including by operat-
ing more efficiently and consoli-
dating union welfare funds.
The city hasn’t seen layoffs
since 2012, when City Hall laid off
fewer than 1,000 employees, the
commission said.
When the city was on the brink
of insolvency in the 1970s, its work
force declined by 20 percent, or
45,000 full-time employees, over
three years, according to the com-
In a 52-48 vote, the Senate confirmed Judge Cory T. Wilson of
Mississippi to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans.
lose re-election or they could lose
their Senate majority, eliminating
their iron grip on the confirmation
process.
“Following Number 200, when
we depart this chamber today,
there will not be a single circuit
court vacancy anywhere in the
nation for the first time in at least
40 years,” Mr. McConnell said on
Wednesday, repeating the statis-
tic for emphasis. “It’s a victory for
the rule of law and for the Consti-
tution itself.”
Mr. McConnell’s staff lost little
time in declaring the achievement
a victory for him as well, quickly
TOM WILLIAMS/CQ-ROLL CALL, VIA GETTY IMAGES
Ukraine drew a sharp rebuke by
Senator Angus King, independent
of Maine.
“You are not helping yourself by
obfuscating and avoiding these
questions,” Mr. King said.
The whistle-blower could have
gone to the C.I.A. inspector gener-
al’s office, even though the post
was vacant, but chose instead to
go to Michael K. Atkinson, the in-
telligence community inspector
general at the time. Mr. Atkinson,
against the advice of the Justice
Department, informed Congress
mission.
Harry Nespoli was laid off from
his job at the Sanitation Depart-
ment in 1975. Now he leads the
Municipal Labor Committee, a co-
alition of about 110 city unions.
He has been in talks with City
Hall for more than a month to find
savings and said the timing of Mr.
de Blasio’s announcement on
Wednesday was unhelpful.
“What performance does the
mayor expect to get from his work
force now?” Mr. Nespoli said.
While criminal justice advo-
cates have called for a $1 billion
cut to the New York Police Depart-
ment’s budget, they would like to
see that funding distributed else-
where, not eliminated from the
budget entirely.
“We’re often told we can only
get jobs or justice,” said Antho-
nine Pierre, deputy director of the
Brooklyn Movement Center, via
text. “The hard work of the mayor
is to figure out how to provide
both.”
Mr. de Blasio has sought au-
thority from Albany to take on
debt for operating costs, though
state legislators have seemed re-
luctant to grant it. Some inter-
preted his announcement as a
means by which to exert leverage
on Albany legislators to take ac-
tion.
On Wednesday, the mayor sug-
gested that it would be foolish to
hold out for further relief from
Washington lawmakers.
“For weeks and weeks, we all
had the hope that there would be a
federal stimulus plan by now,” Mr.
de Blasio said. “It’s quite clear
that’s not happening.”
The M.T.A.’s sweeping capital
program, the largest in the transit
agency’s history, was hailed as a
much-needed transformation of
the century-old system after
years of disinvestment had
plunged it into disrepair.
It includes installing modern
subway signals, purchasing more
than 1,900 new subway cars and
500 electric buses and adding ele-
vators to 70 stations across the
TOM WILLIAMS/CQ-ROLL CALL, VIA GETTY IMAGES
posting a glossy video on Twitter
celebrating the “new milestone in
reshaping the courts,” underscor-
ing that the majority leader con-
siders his impact on the courts to
be his crowning achievement.
Before the vote, Democrats un-
successfully called on Mr. McCon-
nell to pull the nomination from
the floor, saying that Judge Wilson
was a shameful choice at the cur-
rent moment because of his
record on voting rights, among
other objections.
“Judge Wilson has been an ar-
dent supporter of restrictive vot-
ing measures, including voter ID
about the complaint, touching off
a fight between the House Intelli-
gence Committee and the White
House. Mr. Trump fired Mr. Atkin-
son in April.
Mr. King, who usually votes
with the Democrats, chastised Mr.
Thomson for not directly answer-
ing a question from Senator Susan
Collins, Republican of Maine,
about whether the Ukraine whis-
tle-blower complaint should have
gone to Congress.
“Don’t tell me you don’t know all
the facts,” Mr. King said. “We
know the essential facts, you
know what the complaint was.
Should that have been forwarded
to Congress? Yes or no?”
While Mr. Thomson again
sidestepped the question, Senator
Tom Cotton, Republican of Arkan-
sas, stepped in to say the com-
plaint should not have been sent
to Capitol Hill.
While Mr. Cotton took a strong
stand against informing Con-
gress, most committee members
of both parties used their ques-
tions to get Mr. Thomson to pledge
to inform Congress about intelli-
gence investigations he was con-
ducting.
Senator Marco Rubio, the Flor-
ida Republican who leads the
committee, made Mr. Thomson
promise he would inform the Sen-
Mayor Bill de Blasio said the pandemic may deplete New York’s tax revenue by up to $9 billion.
vastly inaccessible subway sys-
tem.
But after revenue used to keep
the system running from fares,
tolls and dedicated taxes vanished
almost overnight because of the
pandemic, the future of the project
was thrown into uncertainty.
“The simple fact is that the capi-
tal program of the M.T.A. is frozen
because of uncertainty about how
much money is going to be avail-
able,” said Janno Lieber, head of
the authority’s capital construc-
tion. The suspension of the plan
was first reported by The City.
At the same time, the agency’s
plan to carry out the country’s
first congestion pricing plan —
which would charge people driv-
ing into the busiest parts of Man-
hattan — has stalled in the face of
federal inaction on environmental
review guidance. The revenue
from that proposal was supposed
to support the M.T.A.’s moderniza-
tion plan, too.
In March, the authority re-
ceived a nearly $4 billion federal
bailout to cover initial revenue
loss, and transit officials have lob-
bied for an additional $3.9 billion
laws, that disproportionately
harm minority voters, and he has
shown a pattern of dismissing le-
gitimate concerns from voting
rights groups,” Senators Chuck
Schumer of New York, Dianne
Feinstein of California and Amy
Klobuchar of Minnesota, wrote to
Mr. McConnell.
“Appointing someone to the
Fifth Circuit who refers to the con-
cerns of African-American citi-
zens and community advocates
regarding the effects of voter ID
laws as ‘poppycock’ is a slap in the
face to black Americans at a time
when our country is working to
take steps forward on racial jus-
tice, not backwards,” the Demo-
crats wrote.
Democrats also faulted Judge
Wilson for his opposition to the Af-
fordable Care Act, saying he and
another appeals court judge con-
firmed last week, Judge Justin
Walker of Kentucky, were being
placed on the courts to help unrav-
el the law.
But a series of changes to Sen-
ate rules since 2013 have essen-
tially eliminated the ability of the
minority to hold up judicial nomi-
nations, a significant factor in em-
powering Republicans to push
through hundreds of new federal
judges despite deep Democratic
opposition to most of them.
Republicans purposefully fo-
cused on the appeals courts, say-
ate of any “significant com-
plaints” his office received.
“We will ask difficult and prob-
ing questions of you and your
staff, and we will expect honest,
complete and timely answers,”
Mr. Rubio said.
Mr. Thomson’s confirmation,
for now, appears likely. The Re-
publicans who control the com-
mittee were supportive of his can-
A job gains new
importance amid a
purge in Washington.
didacy, and Mr. Rubio said he
wanted to move quickly to a vote.
But the questions over the
Trump administration’s treat-
ment of government watchdogs
remain.
In addition to firing Mr. Atkin-
son, the administration has re-
moved the State Department in-
spector general and ousted the
acting Pentagon inspector gen-
eral who was overseeing coro-
navirus relief funds, leading to
broad concerns about oversight of
the executive branch. The admin-
istration has also over the past
year fired a string of senior intelli-
BRYAN R. SMITH/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
in emergency federal funds. The
agency projects that it is facing a
$10 billion deficit over the next
two years.
On Wednesday, transit officials
said that they are also considering
job cuts, service reductions, and
fare and toll increases in order to
weather the financial crisis in the
years to come.
As a stopgap measure to ensure
trains continued to run, New York
lawmakers allowed the M.T.A. to
borrow money to pay for operat-
ing costs — an option Albany
seems unwilling to offer City Hall.
Albany has also allowed the
M.T.A. to use funds it had set aside
for system modernization for op-
erating expenses. So far, the au-
thority has not dipped into that
funding, which would total around
$950 million. But shelving the cap-
ital program indefinitely suggests
that transit officials plan to do so if
the agency does not receive an-
other federal bailout.
“This is not hyperbole: The
M.T.A.’s projected losses are cata-
strophic,” said Rachael Fauss, a
senior research analyst at Re-
invent Albany, a watchdog group.
ing that most of the major, binding
court rulings occur at that level
since the Supreme Court hears a
relatively small number of cases.
Carl W. Tobias, a law professor
at the University of Richmond
School of Law, said it was the first
time since the Reagan administra-
tion that there were no vacancies
among the 179 appellate judge-
ships authorized by Congress. He
noted that the aggressive push by
the Trump White House and Sen-
ate Republicans had shifted the
makeup of three circuits from a
majority of judges nominated by
Democrats to a majority nomi-
nated by Republicans. The effort
had also added to the existing ma-
jority of Republican-nominated
judges on other circuits and in-
creased conservative representa-
tion on the liberal Ninth Circuit on
the West Coast, he said.
It is possible that more vacan-
cies could still occur this year, and
Republicans have indicated they
would move to fill them despite an
informal tradition of suspending
judicial confirmations late in an
election year.
More than 70 Federal District
Court vacancies remain. The pace
of filling them has moved more
slowly because home-state Demo-
crats still have influence over
those choices, complicating ef-
forts by the Trump administration
to win swift confirmation of their
preferred candidates.
gence officials, adding to the con-
cerns in the Senate, particularly
among Democrats.
The independence of the Trump
administration’s inspectors gen-
eral “is under grave threat,” said
Senator Mark Warner, the Virgin-
ia Democrat who serves as the
vice chairman of the Intelligence
Committee.
“We have seen the president at-
tack without justification the
brave women and men of the intel-
ligence community, simply be-
cause they were doing what all
Americans expected of them:
telling truth to power,” Mr. Warner
said. “This is because for this
president, the truth is very often
unwelcome.”
Mr. Thomson is a defense law-
yer at the New Orleans law firm
Stone Pigman Walther Wittmann.
He spent much of his career as a
federal prosecutor. While a serv-
ing as an assistant United States
attorney, he was detailed, for a
time, to the National Security
Agency, where he provided legal
advice related to signals intelli-
gence.
Mr. Trump’s first choice for the
post, Christopher R. Sharpley,
quit as acting inspector general in
2018 after he did not get a vote in
the Senate over his handling of
whistle-blower complaints from
former C.I.A. employees.
“Without federal funding, they
have to resort to options that in-
clude opening the capital lock-
box.”
Delays to already overdue up-
grades outlined in the capital pro-
gram risk eroding service over
the long term. Years of disinvest-
ment after the 2008 recession
plunged the system into such dis-
repair that Gov. Andrew M.
Cuomo declared it to be in a state
of emergency in 2017.
“Momentary cuts in invest-
ments — especially in an old sys-
tem that needs state of good re-
pair investment — have dramatic
long-term consequences,” Mr.
Lieber said.
Over the last four years, sub-
way service has improved. But if
the system slips back into decay, it
could hamper the M.T.A.’s ability
to lure back riders as the city re-
awakens and could hurt the re-
gion’s economic recovery.
“The future of New York hinges
on the subway, and the future of
the nation hinges on New York,”
said Danny Pearlstein, a spokes-
man for the Riders Alliance, a
grass-roots organization.

Election
Unable to Undercut Biden, Trump Trains Fire on Trust in Voting by Mail
This article is by Maggie Ha-
berman, Nick Corasaniti and Linda
Qiu.
President Trump is stepping up
his attacks on the integrity of the
election system, sowing doubts
about the November vote at a time
when the pandemic has upended
normal balloting and as polls
show former Vice President Jo-
seph R. Biden Jr. ahead by large
margins.
Having yet to find an effective
formula for undercutting Mr. Bi-
den or to lure him into the kinds of
culture war fights that the presi-
dent prefers, Mr. Trump is train-
ing more of his fire on the political
process in a way that appears in-
tended to give him the option of
raising doubts about the legitima-
cy of the outcome.
Promoting baseless questions
about election fraud is nothing
new for Mr. Trump. He has hop-
scotched from saying that Presi-
dent Barack Obama was elected
with the help of dead voters to
suggesting that undocumented
immigrants were voting en masse
to claiming that out-of-state vot-
ers were bused into New Hamp-
shire in 2016.
But in recent days, Mr. Trump
has focused intensive new attacks
on voting by mail, as states grap-
ple with the challenge of conduct-
ing elections in the middle of surg-
ing coronavirus cases in many
parts of the country.
On Tuesday, Mr. Trump de-
clared, without offering any evi-
dence, that the 2020 election “will
be, in my opinion, the most cor-
rupt election in the history of our
country, and we cannot let this
happen.”
Mail-in ballots, he said, refer-
ring to conspiracy theories, could
be stolen from carriers, counter-
feited or forged by either forces in-
side the United States or by “for-
eign powers who don’t want to see
Trump win.”
“There is tremendous evidence
of fraud whenever you have mail-
in ballots,” Mr. Trump claimed
during an appearance in Arizona,
a statement that has no basis in
the experience of the states that
give voters the option of voting by
mail.
Mr. Trump has made five dozen
false claims about mail balloting
since April, as officials in various
states began contemplating the
need for expanded use of the op-
tion amid the pandemic.
About a third of the president’s
falsehoods were general warn-
ings about widespread fraud in
mail-in voting. Another 11 were
specific claims about held-up mail
carriers, stolen and forged ballots
and dead people voting.
Figures released Wednesday
from a New York Times/Siena
College survey of battleground-
state voters showed that 61 per-
cent strongly or somewhat sup-
port allowing all voters to use
mail-in ballots if necessary, while
37 percent strongly or somewhat
oppose it.
But the poll also suggested that
Mr. Trump’s message was getting
through to his base: 88 percent of
Democratic Convention Will Downsize
By REID J. EPSTEIN
WASHINGTON — The Demo-
cratic National Convention will
move out of Milwaukee’s profes-
sional basketball arena, and state
delegations are being urged not to
travel to the city because of con-
cerns about the coronavirus pan-
demic, party officials said
Wednesday.
Former Vice President Joseph
R. Biden Jr. still intends to travel
to Milwaukee to accept his party’s
presidential nomination, his cam-
paign manager said, but neither
his campaign nor the Democratic
National Committee have made
firm commitments that Mr. Biden
will attend.
The Democratic convention will
be “anchored” in Milwaukee, but
the four-night mid-August event
will “include both live broadcasts
and curated content from Milwau-
kee and other satellite cities, loca-
tions and landmarks across the
country,” according to a news re-
lease.
The announcement that the
convention will move five blocks
from the 17,000-seat Fiserv Forum
to the Wisconsin Center, Milwau-
kee’s convention center, stands in
contrast to the plans being made
by Republicans, who at the behest
of President Trump moved the
venue for his nomination accept-
ance speech from Charlotte, N.C.,
to Jacksonville, Fla., where local
officials have required fewer
safety precautions, even as cases
of the virus continue to surge in
Florida.
The news came as the United
States reported the highest single-
day total of new coronavirus cases
since late April.
It remains unclear how many
delegates will converge on Mil-
waukee for the convention, or
even who will be allowed inside
the convention hall. It is not yet
decided what sort of access jour-
nalists will have to the proceed-
ings. Nor is it clear how much
space convention planners will
President Trump said on Tuesday, without evidence, that this would be “the most corrupt election in the history of our country.”
Biden supporters in six battle-
ground states strongly or some-
what support mail-in voting, while
72 percent of Mr. Trump’s support-
ers strongly or somewhat oppose
it.
Justin Clark, the senior counsel
to the Trump campaign, defended
the president’s words. He said
that Mr. Trump was voicing legiti-
mate concerns about how many
people would have their hands on
ballots with broad mail-in voting,
adding, “This is all in the context
of a broad democratic push to
Dozens of false claims
about mail-in ballots
as a pandemic rages.
greatly expand vote by mail four
months before the general elec-
tion.”
The president’s supporters
have already shown that they are
taking his assertions to heart. In
Michigan, voters began to burn
their absentee ballot applications
that were sent to them by the state
in an act of protest. In Alabama
and Kansas, state legislatures
have started to pull back from ex-
panded vote-by-mail initiatives.
The president’s attacks on vot-
ing by mail stirred widespread
concern from current and former
election officials and election ex-
perts.
“His comments are exceedingly
damaging to democracy, to Amer-
ica’s standing in the world, to vot-
KAMIL KRZACZYNSKI/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
The Democratic National Convention will move five blocks from
the 17,000-seat Fiserv Forum to the Wisconsin Center, above.
need for a production footprint or
what social distancing require-
ments will be in place when the
convention begins on Aug. 17.
And while Mr. Biden’s cam-
paign insists he is planning to at-
tend, they have yet to make a firm
commitment.
“Vice President Biden intends
to proudly accept his party’s
Same city, but in a
smaller venue, with
fewer delegates.
nomination in Milwaukee,” said
Jen O’Malley Dillon, Mr. Biden’s
campaign manager. “The city of
Milwaukee has been an incredible
partner and we are committed to
highlighting Wisconsin as a key
battleground state at our conven-
tion this August.”
The coronavirus pandemic has
forced Democrats to drastically
roll back plans for what would
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
ers’ confidence in our elections,”
said Wendy R. Weiser, the director
of the Democracy Program at the
Brennan Center for Justice, a non-
partisan think tank. “If you are ril-
ing up supporters into a state of
anger over the legitimacy of the
election, they might actually take
steps to try to suppress votes and
to undermine the actual legiti-
mate running of the election.”
The unfounded conspiracy the-
ories, some officials said, were no
different from the kind of toxic
confusion that Russia and other
nations have sought to inject into
American politics.
“It is misinformation and disin-
formation, and it’s no different
than foreign adversaries and cy-
berhackers spewing info about an
election process,” said Amber
McReynolds, a former election of-
ficial from Colorado and the cur-
rent chief executive of the Na-
tional Vote at Home Institute,
which promotes voting by mail.
Richard L. Hasen, an election
law expert and a professor at the
University of California, Irvine,
said that unlike the president’s
false claims about in-person vot-
ing, there have been sporadic
problems with mail-in voting, giv-
ing Mr. Trump a kernel of truth on
which to build an indictment of the
entire system.
“The shift has been to mail-in
balloting,” Mr. Hasen said of Mr.
Trump’s comments, “and this is
especially dangerous now be-
cause everything about our elec-
tions is being upended by the vi-
rus.”
The president has directly ac-
cused Democrats five times of
have been an enormous celebra-
tion of Mr. Biden and the party’s
efforts to oust Mr. Trump. A sur-
vey of D.N.C. members last month
found the vast majority of them
did not want to attend an in-per-
son convention, citing health risks
from the pandemic.
All of the convention’s official
business — setting its rules,
adopting a platform and formally
nominating Mr. Biden and his run-
ning mate — will be conducted re-
motely, party officials said.
Convention organizers have
added two epidemiologists, W. Ian
Lipkin of Columbia University
and Larry Brilliant, who is known
for his work eradicating smallpox,
to advise officials on public health
precautions at the convention.
Organizers also announced
they had canceled all official par-
ties and events that were to take
place before and during the event
in Milwaukee. The number of new
coronavirus cases in Wisconsin is
currently down from a late-May
peak, according to a New York
Times database. Milwaukee
County has the highest rate of pos-
itive cases in the state.
“rigging” the election through
mail-in voting, and has claimed
four times that Republicans are at
a disadvantage when mail-in bal-
lots are used or are not sent mail-
in ballots at all.
Election officials on both sides
of the aisle lamented the presi-
dent’s attacks are making their
jobs harder.
Kim Wyman, the Republican
secretary of state of Washington
State, which conducts its elections
almost entirely by mail, pointed to
the difficulty of fielding enough
workers to count ballots safely
during the pandemic or work at
the state’s few in-person voting
sites.
In California, Alex Padilla, the
Democratic secretary of state,
said that the president was under-
mining confidence in the election
for his own political benefit.
“What he’s trying to do is abso-
lutely clear: He is not just seeking
to undermine the confidence in
the election, but confidence in the
American master
william merritt chase
artist composed in California. Signed (lower left). Circa 1914.
Canvas: 25”h x 19”w; Frame: 34”h x 281/4”w. #31-1382
622 Royal Street, New Orleans, LA • 888-643-7958 • info@rauantiques.com • msrau.com
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N A17
“President Trump and Vice
President Biden have both ques-
tioned the integrity of our elec-
tions recently without citing evi-
dence, and they both need to stop
it,” Mr. LaRose said in a state-
ment.
Voter fraud, in all forms, is ex-
tremely rare, according to numer-
ous independent studies and gov-
ernment reviews. While mail-in
voting is less secure than voting in
person, fraud remains statis-
tically tiny.
A database of proven election
fraud cases maintained by the
Heritage Foundation, a conserva-
tive think tank, includes 206 cases
that involved “fraudulent use of
absentee ballots” from 1991 to this
year. The Times was unable to find
any news reports or instances of
mail carriers being held up over
mail-in ballots. It would be a fed-
eral crime to do so.
California has been a particular
focus of Mr. Trump’s ire, featuring
in six false attacks, but the battle-
ground states of Michigan and Ne-
vada have earned nods, as well.
He has inaccurately claimed
that “anybody in California that’s
breathing gets a ballot,” including
“people that aren’t citizens, ille-
gals.” State officials will mail bal-
lots to active registered voters
ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES
only.
He wrongly claimed that Neva-
da and Michigan had “illegally”
sent absentee ballots to voters,
November election results that he and threatened to withhold fed-
may not like,” Mr. Padilla said. eral funding should they not re-
Mr. Hasen said that Mr. Trump’s scind the policy, though he did not
denigration of by-mail voting puts have the authority to do so.
into focus scenarios that Demo- More recently, Mr. Trump has
crats are increasingly worried seized upon the idea that foreign
about, like Mr. Trump declaring countries could simply print bal-
victory in specific states based on lots on their own, repeating the
Election Day tallies, when absen- claim four times this week without
tee ballot totals could shift the re- providing evidence.
sults days later. Election officials and experts
Already, 34 states and Washing- have widely rejected this idea as
ton, D.C., offer no-excuse absen- nearly impossible, noting that bal-
tee ballots — including battle- lots are printed on very specific
ground states like Wisconsin, stock and often have specific
Florida, Michigan, Pennsylvania tracking systems like bar codes.
and Arizona — so even without ex- “It’s so much more difficult than
tra measures introduced in re- a cyberattack. You’d not only have
sponse to the pandemic, voters to attack the printer, you’d have to
are likely to utilize mail-in ballots get information from the jurisdic-
at a much greater rate than previ- tion and get voter registration in-
ously. formation,” said Lawrence Nor-
Frank LaRose, the Republican den of the Brennan Center. “You’d
secretary of state of Ohio, who have to have some way of mailing
took issue with Mr. Biden when he the ballots from an address and
said that he feared Mr. Trump was get the signature of the voter. It
trying to “steal” the election, would be an exceptionally difficult
called for an end to such attacks. attack.”
Important artist. American
Impressionism. Brilliant
seascape . The landscapes of
William Merritt Chase are among
the greatest achievements of
American Impressionism, and
this original oil depicting the
sun-bathed California coast is no
exception. A rarity in his body
of work and completed just two
years before his death, it is one
of only a handful of paintings the
A18 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
Election
Republican
Prevails,
Keeping Seat
Held by Collins
By JESSE McKINLEY
Chris Jacobs, a Republican
state senator, won a special
House election on Tuesday in
Western New York, maintaining
his party’s hold on a seat last oc-
cupied by Chris Collins, who re-
signed just before pleading guilty
to federal insider trading
charges.
Mr. Jacobs, 53, had banked his
campaign on the popularity of
President Trump, who endorsed
him; Mr. Trump’s son, Donald
Trump Jr., had also recorded a
robocall for Mr. Jacobs, the for-
mer Erie County clerk.
That proved more than enough
to dispatch Nate McMurray, the
Democratic candidate, who was
waging his second battle for the
27th Congressional District. Mr.
McMurray, a lawyer and former
Fulbright scholar, had narrowly
lost in 2018 against Mr. Collins, an
early endorser of Mr. Trump. The
Associated Press called the race
at 12:39 a.m. on Wednesday.
Mr. McMurray had been con-
sidered a long shot in the district,
a largely rural and suburban col-
lection of towns between Buffalo
and Rochester where Mr. Trump
won easily in 2016, and where
there are 40,000 more Republican
voters than Democrats.
Mr. Jacobs won despite misgiv-
ings among some Republicans
that he was too moderate for the
district. Since winning the Re-
publican nomination in January,
Mr. Jacobs had cast himself as a
close adherent to the president’s
policies, promising secure bor-
ders, strong Second Amendment
protections and an end to sanctu-
ary cities.
Mr. McMurray, 45, had minimal
help from establishment Demo-
crats: The Democratic Congres-
sional Campaign Committee had
little involvement in Mr. McMur-
ray’s bid until late in the cam-
paign, paying for a mailing and a
digital ad.
Nor did any of the state’s A-list
Democrats spend any political
capital on the race, including Gov.
Andrew M. Cuomo, a third-term
Democrat, who did not endorse
Mr. McMurray. The Cook Political
Report listed the 27th District as
“solid Republican.”
Like political cycles nation-
wide, the campaign had been up-
ended by the coronavirus out-
break, which has killed nearly
1,000 people in the eight counties
that make up parts of the district.
In late March, Mr. Cuomo moved
the election to June 23 from April
28, lengthening the campaign by
two months.
A scion of a prominent Buffalo
family, Mr. Jacobs had raised
more than $1 million and lent his
own campaign almost $450,000.
As winner of the special elec-
tion, Mr. Jacobs will serve for the
remainder of Mr. Collins’s term,
which ends this year, though Mr.
McMurray, a former town super-
visor in Grand Island, N.Y., north-
west of Buffalo, has vowed to
fight on: In November, when the
seat is contested again for a full
two-year term, Mr. McMurray
will have the Democratic ballot
line.
In an electoral oddity, Mr. Ja-
cobs, a second-term state senator,
also faced a primary challenge on
Tuesday from two Republicans,
Beth Parlato and Stefan Mycha-
jliw Jr.; Mr. Jacobs also won that
primary, assuring him a spot on
the Republican line.
Poll Shows Biden With 14-Point Edge, as Pandemic and Protests Damage Trump
From Page A1
the Republican Party has been es-
pecially pronounced among
younger voters, an ominous
trend for a party that was already
heavily reliant on older Ameri-
cans.
Fifty-two percent of whites un-
der 45 said they supported Mr. Bi-
den while only 30 percent said
they supported Mr. Trump. And
their opposition is intense: More
than twice as many younger
whites viewed the president very
unfavorably than very favorably.
Tom Diamond, 31, a Republican
in Fort Worth, Texas, said he
planned to vote for Mr. Trump but
would do so with real misgivings.
He called the president a “poor
leader” who had mishandled the
The Upshot provides news,
analysis and graphics about
politics, policy and everyday life.
nytimes.com/upshot
DESIREE RIOS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Jamaal Bowman is leading Representative Eliot L.
Engel in parts of the Bronx and Westchester County.
Insurgent Wave Upends House Primaries in New York
Three progressive Democrats with big leads
are mirroring Ocasio-Cortez’s rise in 2018.
This article is by Jesse McKinley,
Luis Ferré-Sadurní and Dana Ru-
binstein.
Candidates from the Democrat-
ic Party’s left wing held significant
leads in three marquee House pri-
maries in New York after Tues-
day’s machine ballot count, in a
profound show of progressive po-
litical power.
One of the contests could lead to
the unseating of an entrenched
leader: Representative Eliot L.
Engel, chairman of the House For-
eign Affairs Committee, was
badly trailing Jamaal Bowman, an
insurgent candidate from Yon-
kers.
If Mr. Engel, who has served in
Congress for more than 30 years,
were to lose, it would echo a simi-
lar upset in 2018, when Alexandria
Ocasio-Cortez defeated Joseph
Crowley, then the No. 4 House
Democrat.
But this year, the movement
seemed to have more reach, as
progressive Democrats led the
way in contests for two open
House seats held by retiring Dem-
ocrats.
In the Bronx, Ritchie Torres, a
city councilman, led a pack of con-
tenders in the 15th Congressional
District, where Representative
José E. Serrano is retiring. Those
trailing Mr. Torres included a po-
litical veteran, Rubén Díaz Sr., a
conservative former state senator
with a history of anti-gay re-
marks, who had been considered
among the favorites.
And in the Hudson Valley dis-
trict held by Representative Nita
Lowey, who is also retiring,
Mondaire Jones, a Harvard-edu-
cated lawyer, had pulled away
from six other candidates in early
returns.
Mr. Jones and Mr. Torres would
become trailblazers if elected in
November: Either would be the
first openly gay black member of
Congress.
All of Tuesday’s results came
with a sizable caveat: State offi-
cials had issued nearly two million
absentee ballots to voters state-
wide because of the coronavirus
outbreak, and those votes —
which could be postmarked as late
as Primary Day — would not be
pandemic and said Mr. Biden
seemed “like a guy you can trust.”
But Mr. Trump held views closer
to his own on the economy, health
care and abortion.
“Part of you just feels icky vot-
ing for him,” Mr. Diamond said.
“But definitely from a policy per-
spective, that’s where my vote’s
going to go.”
Some unease toward Mr.
Trump stems from voters’ racial
attitudes. According to the poll,
white voters under 45 are over-
whelmingly supportive of the
Black Lives Matter movement,
while older whites are more tepid
in their views toward racial jus-
tice activism. And nearly 70 per-
cent of whites under 45 said they
believed the killing of George
Floyd was part of a broader pat-
tern of excessive police violence
toward African-Americans
rather than an isolated incident.
What’s striking, though, is that
even among white seniors, one of
Mr. Trump’s strongest constitu-
encies, he has damaged himself
with his conduct. About two-fifths
of whites over 65 said they disap-
proved of Mr. Trump’s handling of
Mondaire Jones is ahead of six rivals vying for Repre-
sentative Nita Lowey’s seat in the Hudson Valley.
fully counted for at least a week.
That means close races may
stay in limbo till July. One such
contest involves another veteran
Democratic incumbent, Repre-
sentative Carolyn Maloney, who
had a slight lead over Suraj Patel,
who ran against her in 2018.
Still, early returns seemed to
confirm that the liberal wave that
elected Ms. Ocasio-Cortez to Con-
gress in 2018 has continued to
build momentum.
Ms. Ocasio-Cortez had faced a
primary challenge herself but
swept it aside easily, even as like-
minded candidates — embracing
her call for a Green New Deal and
Medicaid for All, among other
policies — showed electoral mus-
cle.
That strength was perhaps
most evident in the 16th Congres-
sional District, which includes
parts of the Bronx and Westches-
ter County, and where Mr. Bow-
man had a hefty lead over Mr.
Engel, who was first elected there
in 1988.
The race there had illustrated
the sharp schism in Democratic
ranks, with Mr. Bowman backed
by many of the Democrats’ most
outspoken progressives and Mr.
Engel, fighting for his political life,
seeking rescue from more centrist
party leaders like the House
speaker, Nancy Pelosi, the former
presidential candidate Hillary
Clinton and Gov. Andrew M.
Cuomo.
Mr. Bowman, a middle-school
principal, declared victory on
Wednesday morning, though The
Associated Press had yet to call
the race.
In a speech to supporters on
Tuesday night, he spoke out
against poverty, racism and sex-
ism, among other social ills, “a
system that’s literally killing us.”
He said, if elected, he would be a
“black man with power.”
“That is what Donald Trump is
afraid of,” said Mr. Bowman, add-
ing: “I cannot wait to get to Con-
gress and cause problems.”
In a statement, the Engel cam-
paign said “any declarative state-
ment on the outcome of this race
right now is premature,” and
called for every vote to be
counted.
both the coronavirus and race re-
lations.
Mr. Trump retains a few points
of strength in the poll that could
offer him a way to regain a footing
in the race, and the feeble condi-
tion of his candidacy right now
may well represent his low point
in a campaign with four and a half
months still to go. In 2016, Mr.
Trump often trailed Mrs. Clinton
in national polls by slimmer mar-
gins, and ultimately overcame
her lead in the popular vote with
razor-thin victories in key swing
states.
His approval rating is still nar-
rowly positive on the issue of the
economy, with 50 percent of vot-
ers giving him favorable marks
compared with 45 percent saying
the opposite. Should the fall cam-
paign become a referendum on
which candidate is better
equipped to restore prosperity af-
ter the pandemic has subsided,
that could give Mr. Trump a new
opening to press his case.
The president is also still ahead
of Mr. Biden among white voters
without college degrees, who
hold disproportionate influence
AL J. THOMPSON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Representative
José E. Serrano,
a three-decade incumbent
Representative
Nita Lowey,
a three-decade incumbent
Representative
Eliot L. Engel,
a three-decade incumbent
Establishment Democrats
could take some solace in easy
wins for a number of incumbents,
including Representative Greg-
ory Meeks, the chairman of the
Queens Democratic Party. Repre-
sentative Jerrold Nadler, the
chairman of the powerful House
Judiciary Committee, held a com-
fortable lead over two challeng-
ers, and Representative Yvette
Clarke was also leading in her
race in Brooklyn, though — as
elsewhere — thousands of absen-
tee votes remained to be counted.
Indeed, the sheer number of ab-
sentee ballots could prove daunt-
ing to election officials, especially
in presidential elections because
of how central the Midwest is to
capturing 270 electoral votes.
Yet if Mr. Trump still has a sig-
nificant measure of credibility
with voters on the economy, he
lacks any apparent political
strength on the most urgent is-
Even voters who lean
Republican say they’re
considering a vote for
the Democrat.
sues of the moment: the pan-
demic and the national reckoning
on policing and race.
Nearly three-fifths of voters
disapprove of Mr. Trump’s han-
dling of the coronavirus pan-
demic, including majorities of
white voters and men. Self-de-
scribed moderate voters disap-
proved of Mr. Trump on the coro-
Ritchie Torres, a city councilman, is in the lead for
Representative José E. Serrano’s seat in the Bronx.
considering the battles over vote
counts even before the coro-
navirus, like last year’s contested
election for district attorney in
Queens.
Martin Connor, an election law-
yer and former state senator, said
the pandemic would present
daunting logistical issues for the
New York City Board of Elections.
The board would need to ensure
social distancing during the
counting process, while allowing
campaigns to have representa-
tives — or watchers — present to
oversee the vote counts.
“It’s an extraordinary number
of absentee ballots,” he said. “And
we’ve never had this in the history
of this state.”
Though more than 700,000 vot-
ers in New York City were sent ab-
sentee ballots, not all of them are
expected to be returned. Many
voters might not have received
them in time, might have failed to
mail them in, or might have voted
in person instead.
So far, the city’s Board of Elec-
tions had received about 12 per-
cent of the absentee ballots that
were mailed out, according to pre-
liminary data.
Matt Rey, a partner at Red
Horse Strategies, a political con-
sulting firm that has been analyz-
ing the demographics of voters
who applied for absentee ballots,
said there was nothing in the data
to suggest Mr. Bowman, Mr. Jones
and Mr. Torres were at risk of los-
ing their leads.
“The breadth of their victories
is the real highlight for me here,”
said Mr. Rey, whose firm worked
with a candidate, Assemblyman
David Buchwald, who ran against
Mr. Jones in the 17th District.
“They’re rightly confident to de-
clare victory.”
Mr. Rey noted an overwhelming
number of voters who requested
absentee ballots in competitive
districts were under age 40, a
demographic that could give chal-
lengers an edge.
The progressive surge in con-
gressional races also played out in
many down-ballot legislative
races, especially in State Assem-
bly races in Queens, where sev-
eral incumbents appeared endan-
gered.
In Jackson Heights, Jessica
González-Rojas, a Latina commu-
nity organizer who drew many
parallels to Ms. Ocasio-Cortez,
was leading a crowded race to de-
feat Assemblyman Michael Den-
navirus by a margin of more than
two to one.
Most of the country is also re-
jecting Mr. Trump’s call to reopen
the economy as quickly as possi-
ble, even at the cost of exposing
people to greater health risks. By
a 21-point margin, voters said the
federal government should pri-
oritize containing the coro-
navirus, even if it hurts the econ-
omy, a view that aligns them with
Mr. Biden.
Just a third of voters said the
government should focus on re-
starting the economy even if that
entails greater public-health
risks.
That debate could become the
central focus of the campaign in
the coming weeks, as coronavirus
outbreaks grow rapidly in a num-
ber of Republican-led states that
have resisted the strict lockdown
measures imposed in the spring
by Democratic states like New
York and California.
The public also does not share
Mr. Trump’s resistance to mask
wearing. The president has de-
clined to don a mask in nearly all
public appearances, even as top
GABRIELA BHASKAR FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Dekker, a six-term Democrat. In
Astoria, Zohran Mamdani, a dem-
ocratic socialist, was beating Ar-
avella Simotas, an assemblywom-
an from Astoria since 2011.
In Westchester County, two as-
semblymen, Steven Otis and
Thomas J. Abinanti, were also
trailing their opponents.
The big night for progressives
was hailed by liberal groups like
the Working Families Party and
political action committees like
Justice Democrats, which had
jointly spent more than $1 million
on Mr. Bowman’s behalf. On
Wednesday, the two groups were
declaring victory, and sending
warning signals, to more main-
stream Democrats, including the
party’s presumptive presidential
nominee, Joseph R. Biden Jr.
“The future of the Democratic
Party looks a lot more like A.O.C.
and Jamaal than Joe Biden,” said
Waleed Shahid, the communica-
tions director for the Justice Dem-
ocrats. “Biden knows that if he en-
ters the White House in 2021, he
won’t be governing with the same
Congress from 2009.”
Like Mr. Bowman and Mr. Tor-
res, Mr. Jones had campaigned on
civil rights and criminal justice is-
sues, seizing on the energy inside
the Black Lives Matters move-
ment after the police killing of
George Floyd in Minneapolis on
May 25.
As of Wednesday afternoon, Mr.
Jones, a lawyer supported by the
institutional left and many na-
tional progressive leaders, had
garnered more than twice the
votes of his nearest rival, Adam
Schleifer, a former federal pros-
ecutor and the son of a pharma-
ceutical billionaire who had out-
spent Mr. Jones by more than five
to one. Mr. Jones, however, bene-
fited from some independent ex-
penditures on his behalf, including
by the Congressional Progressive
Caucus.
If he wins the Democratic nomi-
nation and the general election in
November, Mr. Jones would fill the
seat held by Ms. Lowey, 82, who
announced her impending retire-
ment in October in the face of a
possible primary challenge from
Mr. Jones. A first-time candidate
and an avowed science-fiction fan,
Mr. Jones likened the race to “a
story out of a sci-fi novel,” he said.
Which sci-fi novel, he was
asked?
“One that is still being written,”
he said.
health officials in his administra-
tion have urged Americans to do
so as a precaution against spread-
ing the coronavirus. In the poll, 54
percent of people said they al-
ways wear a mask when they ex-
pect to be in proximity to other
people, while another 22 percent
said they usually wear a mask.
Just 22 percent said they rarely
or never wear a mask.
Mr. Trump’s job approval on
race relations was just as dismal.
Sixty-one percent of voters said
they disapproved of Mr. Trump’s
handling of race, versus 33 per-
cent who said they approved. By
a similar margin, voters said they
disapproved of his response to
the protests after the death of Mr.
Floyd.
Mr. Trump has sought several
times in the last month to use
demonstrations against the po-
lice as a political wedge issue,
forcing Democrats to align them-
selves squarely either with law-
enforcement agencies or with the
most strident anti-police demon-
strators.
The poll suggested most voters
were rejecting that binary choice,

Election
Presidential Race Ends Nov. 3, Right? Don’t Bet on It
From Page A1
latest, vivid preludes for the gen-
eral election: record numbers of
absentee ballots that are more la-
bor intensive to count; regula-
tions that delay the counting
process; fears about in-person
voting because of the virus; and
legal maneuvering around how
late people can vote, including al-
lowing ballots to be postmarked
all the way up to Election Day.
In November, a significant de-
lay would not just test the nation’s
resolve and patience, especially if
late-counted votes reverse the
early tally in a pivotal state, as has
often happened in statewide and
congressional contests. But a
holdup could play into the hands
of Mr. Trump, who has been on a
tear recently to undermine trust
in fairly conducted elections, such
as his baseless accusations that
mail-in ballots are somehow sys-
temically “rigged.”
While the virus is almost cer-
tain to make the November elec-
tion the most unusual since the
hanging chads of 2000, any
drawn-out or disputed vote count
could provide Mr. Trump with an
opening to fight results he did not
like and shake trust in American
democracy.
Matt Masterson, a senior advis-
er on election security for the De-
partment of Homeland Security,
said the greater number of mail-in
ballots this fall would make re-
sults take longer to tabulate than
in the past, but he was hesitant to
even use the word “delay.”
“That suggests something’s
wrong,” he said.
“The need to take a longer time
to process and count these ballots
is a sign of the process working,”
Mr. Masterson added. “It is in no
way an indication of anything ma-
licious.”
In the presidential race, the
vote margins in most places are
expected to be wide enough to al-
low media organizations, such as
The Associated Press, to project
winners of individual states even
before all the votes are tabulated.
But delays are widely expected in
at least some key states, which
could leave the country in mo-
mentary political limbo if neither
candidate has reached the 270
electoral votes required to win the
presidency.
David Scott, deputy managing
editor for The A.P., said how long it
takes to call the presidential race
in November will depend on the
closeness of the race and what-
ever rules states impose between
now and Election Day. The A.P.
will have to account for the huge
wave of mail-in votes, especially
after incorrectly declaring two
races in Georgia were headed to
runoffs this month.
In a sign of its cautious ap-
proach, the organization has not
yet declared that Representative
Eliot L. Engel, Democrat of New
York, lost on Tuesday, even as he
trails his challenger, Jamaal Bow-
man, by nearly 27 percentage
points.
“I’ve been saying to anyone
who will listen that I do not think
we will know who won the presi-
dential election on Nov. 3,” said
Matthew Weil, director of the elec-
tions project at the Bipartisan Pol-
icy Center, a think tank.
Mr. Weil pointed to three states
in particular he expected to be hot
spots for slow counting trouble:
Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wis-
consin. Those three states, which
were key to Mr. Trump’s victory in
2016, are seen by both the Trump
and Biden campaigns as linchpins
to the path to victory.
And all three of those states
have one rule in common: They do
Kathleen Gray contributed report-
ing from Lansing, Mich.
as well as Mr. Trump’s harsh
characterization of protesters:
Large majorities said they had a
positive overall assessment of
both the Black Lives Matter
movement and the police.
The picture of Mr. Biden that
emerges from the poll is one of a
broadly acceptable candidate
who inspires relatively few
strong feelings in either direction.
He is seen favorably by about half
of voters and unfavorably by 42
percent. Only a quarter said they
saw him very favorably, equaling
the share that sees him in very
negative terms.
Mr. Trump, by contrast, is seen
very favorably by 27 percent of
voters and very unfavorably by
50 percent.
Harry Hoyt, 72, of York County
in Southern Maine, said he has
sometimes voted for Republican
presidential candidates in the
past and cast a grudging vote for
Mrs. Clinton in 2016. He felt better
this time about his plan to vote for
Mr. Biden.
“Biden would be a better candi-
date than Trump, simply because
he’s a nice person,” Mr. Hoyt said.
Primary voters on Tuesday in Kentucky, where incomplete results raised worries about November.
A polling station in Flatbush, Brooklyn. The Associated Press was cautious with New York results.
not currently allow the tabulating
of mail-in ballots until the day of
the election, though election offi-
cials are pressing to relax those
restrictions.
In Pennsylvania, 2020 is also
the first presidential election in
which all voters will be allowed to
cast ballots by mail. That, com-
bined with the pandemic, drove
absentee ballot requests during
In Pennsylvania, 1.8 million voters requested absentee ballots.
The state will allow universal voting by mail in the fall.
“One of the most important
things to me is the character of
the man in charge of our country.”
Significantly, one group that
saw Mr. Biden as far more than
just acceptable was black voters.
Fifty-six percent of black re-
spondents in the poll said they
saw Mr. Biden very favorably, a
far more enthusiastic judgment
than from any other constituency.
The limited passion for Mr. Bi-
den among other Democratic
constituencies does not appear to
be affecting his position against
Mr. Trump. Though only 13 per-
cent of people under 30 said they
had a very favorable opinion of
the former vice president, that
group is backing Mr. Biden over
Mr. Trump by 34 percentage
points.
Nicholas Angelos, a 20-year-
old voter in Bloomington, Ind.,
who said he supported Senator
Bernie Sanders in the Democrat-
ic primaries, said he would vote
for Mr. Biden as the “lesser of two
evils.” He said he believed the for-
mer vice president would “try his
best,” in contrast to Mr. Trump,
whom he described as “an auto-
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
the June primary to 1.8 million —
17 times as many ballots as in
2016, according to the secretary of
state’s office. A winner in the
statewide contest for auditor was
not declared for more than a week.
“You physically have to remove
all those ballots from all those en-
velopes and scan them in. It’s a
time-consuming process,” said
Nick Custodio, a deputy city com-
MARK MAKELA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Methodology
The Times/Siena poll of 1,337
registered voters was con-
ducted from June 17 to 22. The
margin of sampling error is
plus-or-minus three percent-
age points.
crat” and “anti-science.”
“We all have to compromise,”
said Mr. Angelos, who described
himself as very liberal. He added
of Mr. Biden, “I don’t think he’s
anything special.”
For the moment, voters also
appear unpersuaded by one of
the primary attack lines Mr.
Trump and his party have used
against Mr. Biden: the claim that,
at age 77, he is simply too old for
the presidency. Mr. Trump, 74,
has mocked Mr. Biden’s mental
acuity frequently over the last
few months and his campaign has
run television advertisements
that cast Mr. Biden as absent-
minded and inarticulate.
But whatever reservations vot-
ers may have about Mr. Biden’s
ERIK BRANCH FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
AMR ALFIKY/THE NEW YORK TIMES
missioner in Philadelphia, where
he said absentee ballot requests
soared from 5,742 in the 2016 pri-
mary to 225,231 in 2020.
Just the act of tabulating those
ballots would be further compli-
cated if there is a significant coro-
navirus outbreak in the fall — as
epidemiologists have warned
could happen — requiring social-
distancing and extensive sanita-
tion efforts.
In Michigan, local clerks and
the secretary of state, Jocelyn
Benson, a Democrat, have
pleaded with state legislators for
months to allow them to begin
processing absentee ballots be-
fore Election Day, given the ex-
pected surge of mail votes. A bill
carried by a Republican state sen-
ator who is the former secretary
of state has stalled because of op-
position from her own party.
At a hearing in Lansing on
Wednesday, Republican legisla-
tors criticized Ms. Benson for
sending all Michigan voters ab-
sentee ballot applications, echo-
ing a complaint Mr. Trump himself
has made, rather than addressing
the logistical challenges of count-
ing the vote in November.
Wisconsin had historically seen
age, three in five said they dis-
agreed with the claim that he was
too old to be an effective presi-
dent. The percentage of voters
who agreed, 36 percent, exactly
matched Mr. Trump’s existing
support in the presidential race.
Lindsay Clark, 37, who lives in
the suburbs of Salt Lake City, was
among the voters who said she
would probably vote for Mr.
Trump because she was unsure
Mr. Biden was “physically and
mentally up to the task” of being
president. But Ms. Clark ex-
pressed little admiration for Mr.
Trump, whom she called unpresi-
dential.
Ms. Clark, who voted for a
third-party candidate in 2016,
said she was hard-pressed to
name something she really liked
about Mr. Trump, eventually set-
tling on the idea that he ex-
pressed himself bluntly.
“I was just trying to think if I
could think of something off the
top of my head that I was like,
‘Yes, I loved when you did that!’ ”
she said of Mr. Trump. “And I kind
of just can’t.”
6 percent of ballots sent by mail,
according to Reid Magney, a
spokesman for the Wisconsin
Election Commission. In the
state’s April primary, that figure
soared to 60 percent. Now the
state is readying a mailer with an
absentee ballot request form for
all 2.7 million voters who have not
already requested such a ballot
this fall.
“It’s hard to know exactly how
long it will take to process those,”
Mr. Magney said of the expected
glut of mail-in votes.
One ongoing legal battle is over
how late each state will accept bal-
lots. The most flexible states, such
as California, allow voters to post-
mark them on Election Day, which
can drag the ballot counting out
for weeks. In 2018, one California
Republican, Young Kim, traveled
to Washington and posed for the
House freshman class picture in
mid-November — only to end up
losing her race once all the votes
were counted.
On election night in 2018 after a
hard-fought Senate race in Ari-
zona, Martha McSally, the Repub-
lican candidate, had an initial lead
over Kyrsten Sinema, the Demo-
crat, but days of vote-counting ul-
timately delivered the victory to
Ms. Sinema. Along the way, Mr.
Trump lobbed charges of “elector-
al corruption” without evidence.
“Look, everything about the
way this president behaves when
it comes to voting causes me con-
A delay may play into
Trump’s hands and
test voters’ patience.
cerns,” said Marc Elias, a top
Democratic elections lawyer. “I
can only imagine what he’ll be like
after Election Day.”
Bob Bauer, an attorney and sen-
ior Biden adviser who works on
the campaign’s voter protection
and election security programs,
urged Americans to vote “through
all available means” even if “some
states could take longer than usu-
al to report final official results.”
“If the people speak, they will
be heard, and there is nothing
Donald Trump can do about it,”
Mr. Bauer said.
Justin Clark, senior counsel to
the Trump campaign, cited con-
cerns with voting by mail, which
he said “leads to confusion, chaos,
and delayed results.”
Not every battleground state is
predicting a November slog.
“We fully expect to be reporting
our unofficial results on election
night, as we have in the past,” said
Karen Brinson Bell, the executive
director of the North Carolina
board of elections. Her state, un-
like some other battlegrounds, al-
lows election officials to open and
process ballots before Election
Day. State lawmakers just ex-
tended that processing period by
two weeks, she noted.
Brian Corley, the supervisor of
elections in Pasco County, one of
the quintessential swing counties
of Florida, said his state had simi-
larly expanded its period to
process mail-in ballots. But he
said exactly how long it would
take to declare a winner would de-
pend on how close the race ends
up being in a state that famously
decided the 2000 election by 537
votes after a recount and a United
States Supreme Court decision.
Mr. Corley said the 2020 wait
could be measured in days, not
hours.
“Elections are a lot like Thanks-
giving,” he said. “You’re finishing
the turkey but still have to dole out
the leftovers.”
More voters feel strongly about Mr. Trump than they do
about Mr. Biden
Voter impressions of ...
Very
favorable unfavorable
ALL REG. VOTERS (n=1,337) 27%
NONWHITE
Age 18 to 29 (88) 11%
Age 30 to 44 (100) 15%
Age 45 to 64 (150) 22%
Age 65 and older (85) 13%
WHITE
Age 18 to 29 (89) 23%
Age 30 to 44 (156) 17%
Age 45 to 64 (305) 36%
Age 65 and older (320) 42%
Sample sizes may not add to the total because some demographic characteristics of respondents
are unknown. Based on a New York Times/Siena College poll of 1,337 registered voters from June
17 to June 22.
N A19
Black Doctor
Nears History
With Victory
In Virginia
By MATT STEVENS
Cameron Webb decisively won
a four-way Democratic primary in
Virginia on Tuesday, setting up a
potentially competitive race in the
state’s Fifth Congressional Dis-
trict, where the Republican in-
cumbent was recently ousted in a
drive-through convention.
If he wins in the Republican-
leaning district in November, Dr.
Webb, 37, will become the first
black physician to serve as a vot-
ing member of Congress. With 100
percent of precincts reporting late
Tuesday night, he had amassed
two-thirds of the vote.
Among the candidates he beat
out was Claire Russo, a combat
veteran who finished second in
the primary and had released a
poignant advertisement in which
she spoke candidly about her ex-
perience being sexually assaulted
by a Marine Corps superior.
“This is one of those moments
where Virginia is standing up and
speaking out, and we’re ready to
go in a different direction — one
focused on unity, inclusion and
making sure everyone has oppor-
tunities to succeed,” Dr. Webb said
in a telephone interview late Tues-
day night.
It was also not lost on Dr. Webb
that life has in recent months been
upended by a pair of crises with
which he is personally familiar: a
viral pandemic and nationwide
unrest over police brutality, sys-
temic racism and inequality.
“You can’t pick your moments,”
he said. “I’m glad to be in a spot
where I can do some good.”
Dr. Webb’s victory sets up a
general-election contest with Bob
Good, a Republican who toppled
the incumbent, Representative
Denver Riggleman, in a highly un-
usual and bitterly contested drive-
through convention this month.
Mr. Riggleman, a freshman Re-
publican, had come under a tor-
rent of criticism from conserva-
tive activists in the district after
he officiated the same-sex wed-
ding of two of his former cam-
paign volunteers.
Mr. Good, a former athletics of-
ficial at Jerry Falwell Jr.’s Liberty
University who describes himself
as a “biblical conservative,” con-
demned the move, casting it as a
betrayal of voters’ trust. He subse-
quently defeated Mr. Riggleman,
capturing about 58 percent of the
vote in a convention decided by
party delegates. Mr. Riggleman
denounced the convention as hav-
ing been weighted to favor Mr.
Good.
Democrats have long consid-
ered the Fifth District seat to be
potentially competitive and had
hoped that Mr. Good would pre-
vail against Mr. Riggleman, in
part because he has struggled to
raise funds. In addition, Mr. Good
failed to correctly file the paper-
work required to be on the No-
vember ballot, which could create
future headaches for the state Re-
publican Party as the fall nears.
The district, which runs from
the North Carolina border to the
outer reaches of the Northern Vir-
ginia suburbs, was last won by a
Democrat in 2008. President
Trump won the district by 11
points in 2016.
Dr. Webb, who grew up in Spot-
sylvania, Va., and whose wife is
also a doctor, challenged the no-
tion that the district was too red
for him to win, arguing that it was
full of residents whose views
“span the entire political spec-
trum.”
“I’m here to listen to people,” he
said. “As a doctor, that’s a skill I
use every day. You ask them
where it hurts, and they tell me.”
Trump Biden
Very Very Very
favorable unfavorable
50% 26% 27%
68% 21% 15%
61% 29% 14%
62% 45% 19%
70% 60% 16%
46% 4% 28%
58% 20% 22%
39% 22% 35%
38% 27% 38%
THE NEW YORK TIMES
A20 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
Some Feminist Scholars
Say New Assault Policy
Is Fair to the Accused
By MICHAEL POWELL
Education Secretary Betsy De-
Vos fired a shot last month in the
nation’s culture wars, overhauling
how colleges handle investiga-
tions of sexual assault and ending
what she called Obama-era “kan-
garoo courts” on campus.
The new Education Depart-
ment rules give more protections
to the accused, primarily young
men who face discipline or expul-
sion as a result of allegations of
sexual misconduct.
The move set off a liberal up-
roar, denounced by unions repre-
senting teachers and college pro-
fessors, by the National Organiza-
tion for Women and by an array of
Democratic senators, The Trump
rules, they said, constitute a radi-
cal rollback of protections for vic-
tims who seek justice after sexual
assaults.
But Ms. Devos’s actions won
praise from a surprising audi-
ence: an influential group of femi-
nist legal scholars who applauded
the administration for repairing
what they viewed as unconsciona-
ble breaches in the rights of the ac-
cused.
“The new system is vastly bet-
ter and fairer,” said Prof. Janet
A battle over Trump’s
rules for campus cases
on sexual misconduct.
Halley, who specializes in gender
and sexuality at Harvard Law
School. “The fact that we’re get-
ting good things from the Trump
administration is confusing, but
isn’t it better than an unbroken av-
alanche of bad things?”
There are few more contested
cultural battlegrounds than col-
lege campuses and the rules that
govern sexual misconduct and
due process, and thorny questions
of how to define sexual consent.
Most often this battle is framed
as Left versus Right, feminist
against traditionalist. But that is
to miss a fierce and complicated
struggle within feminist and liber-
al circles. Several colleagues who
teach and write on gender and the
law have joined Professor Halley
in donning the cloth of heretics.
“I’m a feminist, but I’m also a
defense attorney who recognizes
the importance of due process,”
said Prof. Nancy Gertner, a retired
federal judge and lecturer in law
at Harvard, who opposed the
Obama-era rules. “These are
fences I’ve straddled all my life.”
The battle began in April 2011
when the Obama administration
sent a letter to 4,600 colleges and
universities, directing changes to
Title IX, the 1973 law that pro-
hibits sex discrimination in educa-
tion. There was an urgent need to
act: Recent decades had offered
too many examples of college ad-
ministrators and professors who
shrugged off complaints of sexual
violence as kids will be kids.
The Obama administration di-
rectives created a system cen-
tered on the person making the
complaint. They discouraged uni-
versities from giving the accused
the right to question accusers or
to learn the identity of witnesses.
In some cases, the accused could
Senate Democrats Block Republican Police-Reform Bill, Citing It as Inadequate
By CATIE EDMONDSON
WASHINGTON — Senate
Democrats on Wednesday
blocked a narrow Republican bill
to incentivize police departments
to change their tactics, refusing
even to open debate on a measure
they denounced as an insufficient
and irredeemably flawed answer
to the problem of systemic racism
in law enforcement.
The vote, 55 to 45, was a setback
in the effort to pass legislation this
year to address excessive use of
force and racial discrimination by
the police, amid a groundswell of
public sentiment in favor of over-
hauling law enforcement. The
Democratic-led House is set on
Thursday to pass its own sprawl-
ing legislation, but Senate Repub-
lican leaders have said they will
not take up that measure, setting
the stage for a bitter stalemate on
the issue.
Expressing their deep opposi-
tion to the bill, Democrats de-
manded on Tuesday that Republi-
cans negotiate a more expansive
package that both parties could
support, citing the opposition of
dozens of civil rights groups to the
measure as drafted and arguing
that it was an unacceptable start-
ing point for discussion.
Senator Kamala Harris, Demo-
crat of California, told reporters
that Democrats’ decision to block
the bill was an effort “to not take
crumbs on the table when there is
a hunger that America has for real
not see the full evidence against
them. The rules defined sexual
harassment broadly as “any un-
welcome conduct of a sexual na-
ture.”
Perhaps most controversially,
Obama officials encouraged uni-
versities to appoint a single offi-
cial who acted as detective, pros-
ecutor, judge and jury. And they
set a lower bar to determine guilt,
changing from “clear and convinc-
ing” to “more likely than not,”
known colloquially in legal circles
as the “50 percent plus a feather”
test.
Advocates applauded the direc-
tives as sensitive to the trauma of
victims and a righting of the
scales of justice. But Professor
Halley and like-minded scholars
viewed these rules as dangerous
overreach, encouraging an arbi-
trary and unfair system.
Supporting the Trump adminis-
tration’s revamping of the rules
comes laden with risk, as more
than a few liberal critics accuse
these feminists of having lost their
way. Yet some of the strongest fe-
male voices in legal circles occupy
this hill of dissent.
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg
has said in speeches and inter-
views that the Obama-era regula-
tions deny due process and a fair
hearing to the accused. Nadine
Strossen, a past president of the
American Civil Liberties Union,
said on a National Review podcast
that the new regulations from Ms.
DeVos represented “a step for-
ward in due process for every-
body.”
Ms. Strossen’s former organiza-
tion, the A.C.L.U., takes a different
view and has filed suit to block the
Trump regulations. Ría Tabacco
Mar, director of the organization’s
Women’s Rights Project, said that
about one-third of the cases cur-
rently investigated under Title IX
would not qualify for considera-
tion under the new standards. The
Trump administration rules, for
example, would require colleges
to investigate only incidents said
to have occurred within dorms
and university buildings or in fra-
ternities and sororities, and not in
private off-campus and overseas
apartments.
“This is a dramatic break with
Prof. Nancy Gertner, a retired federal judge, said she “recognizes the importance of due process.”
solutions to a very real problem.”
“This movement will not accept
anything less than real, real sub-
stantial, substantive solutions,
which are the solutions we have
offered,” Ms. Harris said.
Republicans were livid at Dem-
ocrats’ refusal to even allow the
measure to reach the floor for a
debate and accused them of delib-
erately sinking the bill for political
purposes. It would have needed
60 votes to advance in the Senate,
where a three-fifths supermajor-
ity is necessary for most major ac-
tion. But only two Democrats,
Senators Doug Jones of Alabama
and Joe Manchin III of West Vir-
ginia, as well as Senator Angus
King, independent of Maine,
joined Republicans in supporting
moving it forward.
“If you don’t think we’re right,
make it better. Don’t walk away,”
Senator Tim Scott of South Car-
olina, who spearheaded the legis-
lation, said before the vote. He
urged Democrats to support ad-
vancing the bill “so that we have
an opportunity to deal with this
very real threat to the America
that is civil, that is balanced.”
“This is an opportunity to say
yes,” he said.
After the measure failed, a visi-
bly frustrated Mr. Scott returned
and delivered extended remarks,
saying that he had offered to give
Democrats as many as 20 votes on
proposed modifications to his bill
“Many people think I’m a bad feminist and thus not a feminist, but that does not follow,” said Prof. Janet Halley of Harvard Law.
the Obama era,” Ms. Tabacco Mar
said of the DeVos changes. “It cod-
ifies the historical skepticism of
institutions as applied to rape.”
The precise number of women
assaulted on college campuses is
itself a subject of debate. Advo-
cates point to federal surveys sug-
gesting that one in five female stu-
dents have experienced assault
while in college, which amounts to
about 400,000 students. Even ac-
counting for a likely high rate of
underreporting, however, the
Federal Clery Act, which requires
colleges and universities to report
crimes on campuses, reported far
fewer rapes, with 8,529 in 2018. A
separate Justice Department
study from 2013 found nearly
28,000 students had reported
rapes, attempted rapes and as-
saults.
Professor Halley, the first gen-
der and sexuality theorist to get
tenure at Harvard Law School,
has long been a woman willing to
stick a dissenting head into a lion
cage of liberal orthodoxy. Too
many feminists, in her view, have
abandoned liberating freedoms
for the allure of governmental
power and punishment. As she
that they were demanding, but
that they had refused to accept.
Privately, Democrats noted that
revising the bill would have also
required the approval of 60 sena-
tors, a threshold they feared they
would not be able to meet.
“Instead of going forward and
getting what you want now,
they’ve decided to punt this ball
Senator Kamala Harris said the movement for racial justice demanded substantive solutions.
puts it, these activists have traded
the megaphone for the gavel.
Jeannie Suk Gersen and her
husband, Jacob E. Gersen, also
Harvard professors, have joined
in the critique of Title IX. They
wrote a law review article critiqu-
ing the creation of a federal “sex
bureaucracy,” which they said
leveraged “sexual violence and
harassment policy to regulate or-
dinary sex.” Professor Suk
Gersen’s assessment of the DeVos
changes appeared in The New
Yorker.
The Obama-era policy on Title
IX not only incited intense debate;
it also set off a flurry of legal chal-
lenges.
It was once vanishingly rare for
students accused of sexual mis-
conduct to challenge their univer-
sities. But for several years now,
such students have filed lawsuits
arguing lack of due process at a
rate of twice a week, according to
Professor KC Johnson at Brook-
lyn College, a critic of Title IX reg-
ulations who monitors such legal
challenges. And federal judges
have found that regulations tram-
pled on the constitutional rights of
ERIK JACOBS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
until the election,” Mr. Scott said of
Democrats. “You know why? Be-
cause they believe the polls reflect
a 15-point deficit on our side,
therefore they can get the bill they
want in November.”
“The actual problem is not what
is being offered, it is who is offer-
ing it,” he continued.
As Mr. Scott left the floor, sena-
students. To cite two examples:
In one case, two gay freshmen
at Brandeis College fell into a ro-
mantic relationship that lasted
nearly two years. They broke up
and, six months later, one student
accused the other of sexual mis-
conduct, including looking at his
private parts while they took
showers and kissing him while he
was asleep. Brandeis’s examiner
did not tell the accused student of
the nature of the charges and de-
nied him a chance to question wit-
nesses.
The student was found guilty of
“sexual violence.”
In 2016, a federal judge allowed
that student to sue Brandeis, ob-
serving tartly: “If a college stu-
dent is to be marked for life as a
sexual predator, it is reasonable to
require that he be provided a fair
opportunity to defend himself.”
The accused student eventually
dropped the case.
In another case, a football play-
er at Michigan State, Keith
Mumphery, used an online app in
2015 to hook up with a female stu-
dent for sex. The other student lat-
er accused Mr. Mumphery of sex-
ual assault; the police and the uni-
versity’s Title IX office examined
Mr. Mumphery’s text messages,
took a DNA swab and talked to
nurses, and cleared him.
After he graduated and entered
the National Football League, the
female student appealed that ver-
dict with Michigan State, and Title
IX officials reopened the case. Mr.
Mumphery knew nothing of this.
He was found guilty of sexual as-
sault, and when the decision be-
came public, the Houston Texans
football team cut him loose.
Two years later, after a pro-
tracted legal battle, Michigan
State wiped Mr. Mumphery’s
record clean and paid him an un-
disclosed sum of money. But his
N.F.L. career apparently is over.
Professor Halley experienced
her own epiphany on these ques-
tions years ago: She had a female
colleague, she said, who lodged
complaints against several male
faculty members. Ms. Halley and
other professors believed her at
first, before coming to doubt her
allegations.
“We feminists were surprised;
we assumed no woman would
tors who had gathered there to
hear him speak stood to applaud
him. One of them, Senator Tim
Kaine, Democrat of Virginia, who
said he had come to listen to Mr.
Scott in appreciation of his work,
launched into his own impas-
sioned speech, denying that the
outcome had been politically driv-
en.
AL DRAGO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
DAVID DEGNER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
step forward without wrongdo-
ing,” she said. “It was all about our
acceptance of prevailing dogma.”
That understanding has in-
formed her view of the Obama-era
Title IX regulations. Sexual de-
sire, to her view, is messy and idio-
syncratic and laden with ambiva-
lence, and it is folly to think that
institutions can sort campuses
into a regulated world of victims
and perpetrators.
To their critics, Professor Hal-
ley and her colleagues want noth-
ing more than to topple the pillars
upholding critical feminist re-
forms. Prof. Lama Abu-Odeh at
Georgetown described Ms. Halley
in a2018 essay as a sexual libertar-
ian who used a “cunning bull-
ishness” to pursue an anti-femi-
nist deregulation of sexual har-
assment.
A prominent defense attorney,
Wendy Murphy, delivered a with-
ering criticism of Professor Gert-
ner, who had written a 2015 cri-
tique of the Obama regulations for
The American Prospect, titled
“Sex, Lies and Justice.” (The
women had a history: In 1991,
they squared off against each
other as Ms. Gertner successfully
argued the appeal of a man ac-
cused of raping a fellow freshman
at Brandeis.)
“If you can’t stop using your
self-described status as a feminist
to hurt women,” Ms. Murphy
wrote in a 2015 open letter to Pro-
fessor Gertner, “then please just
stay silent.”
Do such attacks sting? Profes-
sor Gertner paused. She worried
about Ms. DeVos’s motives in re-
working Title IX. But she saw too
many flaws in the Obama-era reg-
ulations. “This notion that I am a
‘so-called feminist’ because of my
views on due process?” She
chuckled dryly. “I call that the fas-
cism of the women’s movement.”
Nor does Professor Halley shy
from intellectual battle. She
waves off the notion that fighting
for the rights of the accused, and
grappling with the complications
of sexual behavior, is somehow
anti-feminist and anti-woman.
“Many people think I’m a bad
feminist and thus not a feminist,
but that does not follow,” she said.
“It’s just that we disagree about
what to do in the feminist frame.”
“That is a stiff charge,” Mr.
Kaine said. “I voted not on the
‘what’ and not on the ‘who.’ I voted
on the ‘how.’ We tried it the wrong
way. Let’s try it the right way.”
The Republican bill would en-
courage state and local police de-
partments to change their prac-
tices, including penalizing depart-
ments that do not require the use
of body cameras and limiting the
use of chokeholds. It would not al-
ter the qualified immunity doc-
trine that shields officers from
lawsuits or place new federal re-
strictions on the use of lethal
force.
The measure that the House
will consider on Thursday, the
most aggressive intervention into
policing that lawmakers have pro-
posed in recent memory, would in
effect eliminate qualified immuni-
ty, make it easier to track and
prosecute police misconduct, re-
strict the use of lethal force and
aim to force departments to elimi-
nate the use of chokeholds.
Wednesday’s vote did not fore-
close the possibility of reviving
the policing measure. Senator
Mitch McConnell, Republican of
Kentucky and the majority leader,
used a procedural maneuver that
would allow him to bring it up
again in the future, changing his
vote from “yes” to “no” so he could
later call for its reconsideration.
But a flurry of private bipartisan
talks to strike a deal on the issue
had not borne fruit.

Struggle for Racial Justice Technology
A Facial Recognition Tool Led to a Black Man’s Arrest. It Was Wrong.
From Page A1
first piece of paper. It was a still
image from a surveillance video,
showing a heavyset man, dressed
in black and wearing a red St. Lou-
is Cardinals cap, standing in front
of a watch display. Five time-
pieces, worth $3,800, were shop-
lifted.
“Is this you?” asked the detec-
tive.
The second piece of paper was a
close-up. The photo was blurry,
but it was clearly not Mr. Williams.
He picked up the image and held it
next to his face.
“No, this is not me,” Mr.
Williams said. “You think all black
men look alike?”
Mr. Williams knew that he had
not committed the crime in ques-
tion. What he could not have
known, as he sat in the interroga-
tion room, is that his case may be
the first known account of an
American being wrongfully ar-
rested based on a flawed match
from a facial recognition algo-
rithm, according to experts on
technology and the law.
A Faulty System
A nationwide debate is raging
about racism in law enforcement.
Across the country, millions are
protesting not just the actions of
individual officers, but bias in the
systems used to surveil communi-
ties and identify people for pros-
ecution.
Facial recognition systems
have been used by police forces
for more than two decades. Re-
cent studies by M.I.T. and the Na-
tional Institute of Standards and
Technology, or NIST, have found
that while the technology works
relatively well on white men, the
results are less accurate for other
demographics, in part because of
a lack of diversity in the images
used to develop the underlying
databases.
Last year, during a public hear-
ing about the use of facial recogni-
tion in Detroit, an assistant police
chief was among those who raised
concerns. “On the question of
false positives — that is absolutely
factual, and it’s well-docu-
mented,” James White said. “So
that concerns me as an African-
American male.”
This month, Amazon, Microsoft
and IBM announced they would
stop or pause their facial recogni-
tion offerings for law enforce-
ment. The gestures were largely
symbolic, given that the compa-
nies are not big players in the in-
dustry. The technology police de-
partments use is supplied by com-
panies that aren’t household
names, such as Vigilant Solutions,
Cognitec, NEC, Rank One Com-
puting and Clearview AI.
Clare Garvie, a lawyer at
Georgetown University’s Center
on Privacy and Technology, has
written about problems with the
government’s use of facial recog-
nition. She argues that low-quality
search images — such as a still im-
age from a grainy surveillance
video — should be banned, and
that the systems currently in use
should be tested rigorously for ac-
curacy and bias.
“There are mediocre algo-
rithms and there are good ones,
and law enforcement should only
buy the good ones,” Ms. Garvie
said.
About Mr. Williams’s experi-
ence in Michigan, she added: “I
strongly suspect this is not the
first case to misidentify someone
to arrest them for a crime they
didn’t commit. This is just the first
time we know about it.”
In a Perpetual Lineup
Mr. Williams’s case combines
flawed technology with poor po-
lice work, illustrating how facial
recognition can go awry.
The Shinola shoplifting oc-
curred in October 2018. Katherine
Johnston, an investigator at
Mackinac Partners, a loss preven-
tion firm, reviewed the store’s sur-
veillance video and sent a copy to
Aaron Krolik contributed report-
ing.
Mr. Williams was accused of shoplifting $3,800 in timepieces from Shinola, an upscale boutique in Detroit, and he was kept in custody at the Detroit Detention Center for 30 hours.
Robert Julian-Borchak Williams with his wife, Melissa, and daughters, Rosie and Julia. The police handcuffed him in front of his family.
the Detroit police, according to
their report.
Five months later, in March
2019, Jennifer Coulson, a digital
image examiner for the Michigan
State Police, uploaded a “probe
image” — a still from the video,
showing the man in the Cardinals
cap — to the state’s facial recogni-
tion database. The system would
have mapped the man’s face and
searched for similar ones in a col-
lection of 49 million photos.
The state’s technology is sup-
plied for $5.5 million by a com-
pany called DataWorks Plus.
Founded in South Carolina in
2000, the company first offered
mug shot management software,
said Todd Pastorini, a general
manager. In 2005, the firm began
to expand the product, adding
face recognition tools developed
by outside vendors.
When one of these subcontrac-
tors develops an algorithm for
recognizing faces, DataWorks at-
tempts to judge its effectiveness
by running searches using low-
quality images of individuals it
knows are present in a system.
“We’ve tested a lot of garbage out
there,” Mr. Pastorini said. These
checks, he added, are not “scien-
tific” — DataWorks does not for-
mally measure the systems’ accu-
racy or bias.
“We’ve become a pseudo-ex-
pert in the technology,” Mr. Pas-
torini said.
In Michigan, the DataWorks
software used by the state police
incorporates components devel-
oped by the Japanese tech giant
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
NEC and by Rank One Comput-
ing, based in Colorado, according
to Mr. Pastorini and a state police
spokeswoman. In 2019, algo-
rithms from both companies were
included in a federal study of over
100 facial recognition systems
that found they were biased, false-
ly identifying African-American
and Asian faces 10 times to 100
times more than Caucasian faces.
Rank One’s chief executive,
Brendan Klare, said the company
had developed a new algorithm
for NIST to review that “tightens
the differences in accuracy be-
tween different demographic co-
horts.”
After Ms. Coulson, of the state
police, ran her search of the probe
image, the system would have
provided a row of results generat-
ed by NEC and a row from Rank
One, along with confidence
scores. Mr. Williams’s driver’s li-
cense photo was among the
matches. Ms. Coulson sent it to the
Detroit police as an “Investigative
Lead Report.”
“This document is not a positive
identification,” the file says in bold
capital letters at the top. “It is an
investigative lead only and is not
probable cause for arrest.”
This is what technology
providers and law enforcement al-
ways emphasize when defending
facial recognition: It is only sup-
posed to be a clue in the case, not a
smoking gun. Before arresting
Mr. Williams, investigators might
have sought other evidence that
he committed the theft, such as
eyewitness testimony, location
PHOTOGRAPHS BY SYLVIA JARRUS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
data from his phone or proof that
he owned the clothing that the
suspect was wearing.
In this case, however, according
to the Detroit police report, inves-
tigators simply included Mr.
Williams’s picture in a “6-pack
photo lineup” they created and
showed to Ms. Johnston, Shinola’s
loss-prevention contractor, and
she identified him. (Ms. Johnston
declined to comment.)
‘Computer Got It Wrong’
Mr. Pastorini was taken aback
when the process was described
to him. “It sounds thin all the way
around,” he said.
Mr. Klare, of Rank One, found
fault with Ms. Johnston’s role in
the process. “I am not sure if this
qualifies them as an eyewitness,
or gives their experience any
more weight than other persons
who may have viewed that same
video after the fact,” he said. John
Wise, a spokesman for NEC, said:
“A match using facial recognition
alone is not a means for positive
identification.”
The Friday that Mr. Williams
sat in a Detroit police interroga-
tion room was the day before his
42nd birthday. That morning, his
wife emailed his boss to say he
would miss work because of a
family emergency; it broke his
four-year record of perfect attend-
ance.
In Mr. Williams’s recollection,
after he held the surveillance vid-
eo still next to his face, the two de-
tectives leaned back in their
chairs and looked at one another.
One detective, seeming cha-
grined, said to his partner: “I
guess the computer got it wrong.”
They turned over a third piece
of paper, which was another photo
of the man from the Shinola store
next to Mr. Williams’s driver’s li-
cense. Mr. Williams again pointed
out that they were not the same
person.
Mr. Williams asked if he was
free to go. “Unfortunately not,”
one detective said.
Mr. Williams was kept in cus-
tody until that evening, 30 hours
after being arrested, and released
on a $1,000 personal bond. He
waited outside in the rain for 30
minutes until his wife could pick
him up. When he got home at 10
p.m., his 5-year-old daughter was
still awake. She said she was wait-
ing for him because he had said,
while being arrested, that he’d be
right back.
She has since taken to playing
“cops and robbers” and accuses
her father of stealing things, in-
sisting on “locking him up” in the
living room.
Getting Help
The Williams family contacted
defense attorneys, most of whom,
they said, assumed Mr. Williams
was guilty of the crime and quoted
prices of around $7,000 to repre-
sent him. Ms. Williams, a real es-
tate marketing director and food
blogger, also tweeted at the Amer-
ican Civil Liberties Union of Mich-
igan, which took an immediate in-
N A21
terest.
“We’ve been active in trying to
sound the alarm bells around fa-
cial recognition, both as a threat to
privacy when it works and a racist
threat to everyone when it does-
n’t,” said Phil Mayor, an attorney
at the organization. “We know
these stories are out there, but
they’re hard to hear about be-
cause people don’t usually realize
they’ve been the victim of a bad fa-
cial recognition search.”
Two weeks after his arrest, Mr.
Williams took a vacation day to
appear in a Wayne County court
for an arraignment. When the
case was called, the prosecutor
moved to dismiss, but “without
prejudice,” meaning Mr. Williams
could later be charged again.
Maria Miller, a spokeswoman
for the prosecutor, said a second
witness had been at the store in
2018 when the shoplifting oc-
curred, but had not been asked to
look at a photo lineup. If the indi-
vidual makes an identification in
the future, she said, the office will
decide whether to issue charges.
A Detroit police spokeswoman,
Nicole Kirkwood, said that for
now, the department “accepted
the prosecutor’s decision to dis-
miss the case.” She also said that
the department updated its facial
recognition policy in July 2019 so
that it is only used to investigate
violent crimes.
The department, she said in an-
other statement, “does not make
arrests based solely on facial rec-
ognition. The investigator re-
viewed video, interviewed wit-
nesses, conducted a photo lineup.”
On Wednesday, the A.C.L.U. of
Michigan filed a complaint with
the city, asking for an absolute dis-
missal of the case, an apology and
the removal of Mr. Williams’s in-
formation from Detroit’s criminal
databases.
After this article was published
online on Wednesday, the Wayne
County prosecutor’s office said
Mr. Williams could have the case
and his fingerprint data ex-
punged. “We apologize,” the pros-
ecutor, Kym L. Worthy, said in a
statement, adding, “This does not
in any way make up for the hours
that Mr. Williams spent in jail.”
The Detroit Police Department
“should stop using facial recogni-
tion technology as an investiga-
tory tool,” Mr. Mayor wrote in the
complaint, adding, “as the facts of
Mr. Williams’s case prove both
that the technology is flawed and
that DPD investigators are not
competent in making use of such
technology.”
Mr. Williams’s lawyer, Victoria
Burton-Harris, said that her client
is “lucky,” despite what he went
through.
“He is alive,” Ms. Burton-Harris
said. “He is a very large man. My
experience has been, as a defense
attorney, when officers interact
with very large men, very large
black men, they immediately act
out of fear. They don’t know how to
de-escalate a situation.”
‘It’s Humiliating’
Mr. Williams and his wife have
not talked to their neighbors
about what happened. They won-
der whether they need to put their
daughters into therapy. Mr.
Williams’s boss advised him not to
tell anyone at work.
“My mother doesn’t know about
it. It’s not something I’m proud of,”
Mr. Williams said. “It’s humiliat-
ing.”
He has since figured out what
he was doing the evening the
shoplifting occurred. He was driv-
ing home from work, and had
posted a video to his private Insta-
gram because a song he loved
came on — 1983’s “We Are One,”
by Maze and Frankie Beverly. The
lyrics go:
I can’t understand
Why we treat each other in this
way
Taking up time
With the silly silly games we
play
He had an alibi, had the Detroit
police checked for one.
A22 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
Struggle for Racial Justice Deadly Violence
Joy. Hope.
And Then
A Graduate
Shot Dead.
By ASHLEY SOUTHALL
and DANIEL E. SLOTNIK
A hundred people gathered on a
recent Friday night at a park in
the Bronx, where two friends were
hosting a party to celebrate their
recent graduations.
Tyana Johnson, a 19-year-old
business major who had com-
pleted her associate degree, was
selling cocktails she had made
and labeled Tipsy T. Her friend
Ahmad Branch, who had just fin-
ished high school, was deejaying.
R&B, hip-hop and dancehall
tracks rose in the cool air in
Shoelace Park on June 12. People
happily danced on the grass and
relaxed on park benches.
The good times lasted a few
hours. Then, around 11 p.m., a sil-
ver BMW pulled up. Two men got
out of the car and fired eight shots
into the crowd, the police said. Ms.
Johnson, 19, was struck in the
head and killed. Two teenage boys
and a man were also wounded.
More than a week later, investi-
gators are still searching for the
gunmen, who sped off in the car
with three other men, according to
surveillance video from a nearby
building. The police have in-
creased the reward for informa-
tion about the shooting to $10,000.
“She wasn’t the intended tar-
get,” Rodney Harrison, the chief of
detectives, said in an interview,
adding that it made no difference.
“Her family is torn apart. So we
really need somebody to come for-
ward to help us with the investiga-
tion.”
Chief Harrison posted the video
of the gunmen on Twitter and
pleaded for the public’s help. He
said that there were no cameras
inside the park to capture the
shooting and that witnesses were
unable to identify the gunmen,
who covered their faces in hoods
and masks. Just one tip had come
in through the Police Depart-
ment’s Crime Stoppers tip line, he
said, but it had not helped to solve
the crime.
Seven months ago, the killing of
a white college student in Manhat-
tan drew the Police Department’s
highest-ranking officials to the
crime scene and months of media
coverage. But the death of Ms.
Johnson, who is black, during a
pandemic and national uprisings
over police brutality and racism
has drawn far less attention.
Ms. Johnson was one of more
than 20 people killed in the first
three weeks of June amid a surge
Susan C. Beachy contributed re-
search.
Tucson Police in Turmoil Over Death of Handcuffed Latino Man
By SIMON ROMERO
The police chief of Tucson, Ariz.,
abruptly offered to resign on
Wednesday while releasing a vid-
eo in which a 27-year-old Latino
man, Carlos Ingram Lopez, died in
police custody two months ago.
The video, taken by police offi-
cers’ body cameras and not made
public until Wednesday, depicts a
Jennifer Valentino-Devries con-
tributed reporting.
Corrections
FRONT PAGE
An article on Wednesday about
testimony before the House Ener-
gy and Commerce Committee on
the new surge in coronavirus
cases misspelled the given name
of one of the doctors testifying.
He is Adm. Brett P. Giroir, not
Brent.
TRACKING AN OUTBREAK
An article on Tuesday about
Nordic countries that have closed
their borders to Sweden because
of concerns about the coronavirus
misspelled the given name of the
editor in chief of Altinget, a politi-
cal website, and incorrectly ren-
dered a portion of a quote from
him. The editor is Jakob Nielsen,
not Jacob. Mr. Nielsen referred to
the divide between Denmark and
Sweden as the “deepest since the
Second World War,” not the deep-
est since “the First World War.”
SPORTS
A picture caption with an article
on Saturday about a German
league’s sequestered competition
during the pandemic, misstated
the given name of a player on the
Contact the Newsroom:
nytnews@nytimes.com
or call 1-844-NYT-NEWS
(1-844-698-6397).
Ahmad Branch with a placard honoring his friend Tyana Johnson, 19, who died this month in the hospital where she was born.
in shootings that has become a
flash point in a debate over police
reform in the city.
Natasha Allen, Ms. Johnson’s
mother, said her daughter was a
budding entrepreneur who de-
spised violence. She had partici-
pated in recent protests in Man-
hattan around the police killing of
George Floyd in Minneapolis.
“She was very adamant about it,”
Ms. Allen said.
Ms. Johnson and Mr. Branch
had announced the party to their
friends on social media. Hours be-
fore the party, Ms. Johnson wrote
on Facebook: “It’s a ‘function/
vibe’ everyone wear a mask
paaaaaleaseee.”
A few hours later, she shared a
video of her drinks, called nut-
crackers, in the freezer. The bot-
tles were labeled with flavors like
Mango Madness, Watermelon,
Patrón Strawberry Lemonade
and Buddy Water. “Y’all ready?”
she wrote in the caption.
Shania Herbert, 23, said she had
sometimes helped Ms. Johnson
prepare her concoctions, which
also included Jell-O shots and
shots in syringes.
“She made those with love,” Ms.
Herbert said. “She made it so ev-
erybody could enjoy it, have fun.”
The surveillance video that the
police released showed three men
walking close to the silver BMW
after it pulled up near the party.
One reached inside the front pas-
senger window and another ap-
peared to be dancing.
After the shooting, the video
showed the three men get into the
car, one in the driver’s seat, one in
the front passenger seat and the
gruesome episode on April 21. Be-
fore his death, Mr. Lopez is seen
handcuffed while pleading repeat-
edly in English and Spanish for
water and for his nana, or grand-
mother.
Chief Chris Magnus said offi-
cers did not use a chokehold on
Mr. Lopez. But he said they vio-
lated training guidelines by re-
straining the victim in a prone po-
sition, face down, for about 12 min-
utes before Mr. Lopez went into
N.B.A.’s Washington Wizards. He
is John Wall, not Kevin.
ARTS
An article on Wednesday about a
letter to the director of the
Guggenheim from the museum’s
curators calling for greater diver-
sity in its staff, board and exhibi-
tions misstated the timing of the
Guggenheim Museum’s decision
to hire Ashley James as a curator.
It was days after a panel discus-
sion in November 2019, not sev-
eral months later.
OBITUARIES
An obituary on Wednesday about
the movie producer and financier
Steve Bing referred incorrectly to
his relationship with Lisa Bonder,
the mother of his daughter. It was
not the case that they had been
married and were divorced. The
obituary also included an incom-
plete list of Mr. Bing’s survivors.
In addition to those named, he is
survived by his parents.
Errors are corrected during the press
run whenever possible, so some errors
noted here may not have appeared in
all editions.
Editorials: letters@nytimes.com
Newspaper Delivery:
customercare@nytimes.com or call
1-800-NYTIMES (1-800-698-4637).
dancing man in the back seat,
where he was joined by a fourth
man.
The car lurched forward, nearly
striking a bystander. A fifth man
jumped in the back seat and the
driver sped off.
Mr. Branch said he heard the
gunshots as he was playing “Re-
turn of the Mack,” and he mistook
them for fireworks that people at
the party had been setting off.
“I’m on the microphone saying,
‘Calm down, y’all,’ ” he said.
“That’s when my friend came up
to me and said, ‘Tyana got shot.’ ”
They rushed over to Ms. John-
son. Blood poured from her head,
Mr. Branch said. They picked her
up and put her into a car that
drove her to the hospital.
“I saw her face, I saw all the
blood on it,” Mr. Branch recalled.
“I have all of her blood on my shirt,
my pants, my shoes. I have not
been able to clean it off.”
Ms. Johnson was transferred to
Jacobi Medical Center, where
emergency room surgeons tried
to save her, her family said. The
doctors finally told her family
members she wouldn’t survive
and allowed them into operating
room, her mother said.
There, in the hospital where she
was born, Ms. Johnson died with
her mother holding her hand.
“There’s no words that can de-
scribe that,” her mother said.
“They took a piece of me.”
Ms. Johnson had finished her
associate degree in business ad-
ministration at Monroe College
last fall and had started taking on-
line classes toward a bachelor’s
degree in business management,
cardiac arrest and died at the
scene. While he was restrained,
Mr. Lopez told the officers he
could not breathe.
The autopsy report said the
cause of death was a combination
of physical restraint and cardiac
arrest involving cocaine intoxica-
tion. Three officers resigned from
the department last Thursday,
Chief Magnus said.
The disclosure of Mr. Lopez’s
death comes at a time when many
Latinos around the United States
are calling for changes in how po-
lice treat their communities, echo-
ing similar calls by African-Amer-
icans. Last week in California, out-
rage emerged over the killing of
Andres Guardado, an 18-year-old
Latino student and security
guard, by a Los Angeles County
sheriff’s deputy. The episode in
Tucson occurred about a month
before George Floyd, a black man,
was killed by a police officer in
Minneapolis, igniting protests
throughout the country.
Mayor Regina Romero of Tuc-
son appeared shaken while dis-
cussing Mr. Lopez’s death at a
news conference on Wednesday.
She spoke in Spanish, offering
condolences to Mr. Lopez’s family,
while expressing indignation in
English over what happened.
“I am deeply troubled and out-
raged,” said Ms. Romero, who is
the first Latina to serve as mayor
of the heavily Latino city. “These
officers would have been termi-
nated had they not resigned.”
Two of the officers who resigned
are white and one is African-
American, said Lane Santa Cruz, a
City Council member who had
been briefed on the episode. The
police chief identified them as
Samuel Routledge, Ryan Star-
buck and Jonathan Jackson.
Chief Magnus’s own offer to re-
sign seemed to catch Ms. Romero,
who was standing by his side, by
surprise. She said she would ex-
amine the details of what hap-
pened before taking action.
The department’s handling of
the issue is now coming under in-
tense scrutiny. Authorities did not
disclose details about Mr. Lopez’s
Jacqueline Ruegger, a school
spokeswoman, said.
Ms. Allen said her daughter
wanted to start a business and be-
come a millionaire by the time she
turned 21. Ms. Johnson promised
her mother that she would never
have to work again.
“She was very ambitious and
she was a go-getter for whatever
she wanted to achieve,” Ms. Allen
said.
Ms. Allen, who immigrated
from Jamaica, said she had moved
her family to Connecticut three
Few leads in the killing
of a teenager hosting a
party at a Bronx park.
years ago to raise her children in a
safer environment with more op-
portunities. Ms. Johnson was the
oldest of her four children and her
only daughter.
“The Bronx is very busy and the
crime rate is high,” she said. “I just
wanted to give the kids a better
life.”
Ms. Johnson loved to eat
seafood, and her favorite restau-
rant was Sammy’s Fish Box on
City Island, where she would or-
der shrimp, crab and lobster, her
mother said. She also liked trying
new hairstyles and made her own
wigs, including a hot pink wig in a
photo widely circulated after her
death.
At a vigil the day after the
JOSH GALEMORE/ARIZONA DAILY STAR, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
Chief Chris Magnus of the Tucson police offered to resign during
a Wednesday news conference with Mayor Regina Romero.
death until Tuesday, when Ms. Ro-
mero canceled a Council meeting
after watching the video.
Before the release of the video,
Chief Magnus had publicly de-
scribed the Tucson police force as
one of the more progressive de-
partments in the country. It had
previously banned chokeholds
and required officers to partici-
pate in cultural awareness and cri-
sis intervention training.
Chief Magnus said that officers
were responding to a call regard-
ing “disorderly conduct” by Mr.
Lopez, who was unclothed and
seemed to be acting erratically
when the officers arrived at the
scene. At one point, an officer told
Mr. Lopez he would be shocked
with a stun gun if he failed to co-
operate.
In the news conference, Chief
Magnus said he had asked the
F.B.I. to review the episode, which
has been under internal investiga-
tion in the department. He said
the officers involved had not met
the standards established in train-
ing for what he described as a
mental health crisis involving “ex-
cited delirium.”
For years, many departments
have trained officers that people
held face down, in what is known
as “prone restraint,” are more
GREGG VIGLIOTTI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
shooting, mourners turned a mon-
ument to William White Niles, a
critical figure in the history of
parkland in the Bronx, into a me-
morial for Ms. Johnson.
They placed more than 200 can-
dles around the statue along
Bronx Boulevard at 226th Street,
and held red, pink and white bal-
loons. A few held gold-foil balloons
spelling Tyana.
In unison, they said her name
and released the balloons. In one
video of the vigil, a man could be
heard shouting, “Tyana, we love
you!” as a woman wept.
Flowers and empty bottles of te-
quila and cognac sat between the
candles last week, and wax drip-
pings formed the shape of a heart
next to the letter T on the memori-
al’s stone base.
Photographs of Ms. Johnson
were taped to black poster board
that held Crime Stoppers posters
offering a reward for information
about the shooting. Her friends
had written things like “rest easy
baby,” “pretty girls live forever,”
and “may tipsy-t live on in your
name.”
Ms. Branch and Ms. Herbert
visited to add more candles. De-
tectives stopped by in the after-
noon to hand out more fliers to
people gathered at the memorial.
Her friends lingered by the memo-
rial into the evening. One of them
kept a supply of the posters in a
bag, in case they needed to re-
place the ones on the monument.
“We just got out of quarantine.
Everybody had a smile on their
face,” Mr. Branch said. “The fact
that that happened to her don’t
make no sense.”
likely to die suddenly of positional
asphyxia because they have diffi-
culty expanding their chest to
bring in air.
This is particularly true if they
are showing signs of mental dis-
tress or intoxication with stimu-
lant drugs, a condition sometimes
referred to as excited delirium.
Guidelines for such circum-
stances usually call for officers to
move people onto their side or sit
them up as soon as possible.
The autopsy report noted that
Mr. Lopez had been restrained in a
prone position with a spit hood, a
mesh covering that goes over the
head. The officers tried adminis-
tering CPR to revive Mr. Lopez
and also injected him with Nar-
can, a drug used to revive people
overdosing on opioids.
Latino leaders in Tucson ex-
pressed dismay and anguish after
the video was released. Ms. Santa
Cruz, the councilwoman, said the
episode underscored how “we are
disproportionately being killed by
the police.”
She emphasized how desperate
Mr. Lopez had been while being
restrained, calling for his nana.
“In our culture, nanas are the ma-
triarchs,” she said. “He was call-
ing out for his lifeline.”
Men Accused
Of Murdering
Black Jogger
Are Indicted
By RICHARD FAUSSET
ATLANTA — The three white
men accused of killing Ahmaud
Arbery, a black man who was shot
dead after being chased in a South
Georgia neighborhood, have been
indicted on murder charges by a
Georgia grand jury, the prosecu-
tor in the case announced on
Wednesday.
The men — Gregory McMi-
chael, 64; his son Travis McMi-
chael, 34; and their neighbor
William Bryan, 50 — were ar-
rested and charged last month
with murder and other crimes in
connection with Mr. Arbery’s
death, which prompted nation-
wide protests and indignation,
particularly after a graphic video
of his Feb. 23 killing was released
online.
On Wednesday, the office of Dis-
trict Attorney Joyette M. Holmes
of Cobb County announced that a
grand jury in Glynn County had
returned an indictment with nine
counts against each of the three
defendants: malice murder, four
counts of felony murder, two
counts of aggravated assault,
false imprisonment and criminal
attempt to commit false impris-
onment.
The men could face life sen-
tences without parole.
“This is another step forward in
seeking justice for Ahmaud,” Ms.
Holmes said in a statement, add-
ing, “We will continue to be inten-
tional in the pursuit of justice for
this family and the community at
large as the prosecution of this
case continues.”
Mr. Arbery, 25, was spotted in
the Satilla Shores neighborhood,
outside of Brunswick, Ga., while
running on a Sunday afternoon. A
surveillance camera showed that
Mr. Arbery stopped for a few min-
utes inside a house under con-
struction before resuming his jog.
Gregory McMichael later told the
authorities he thought Mr. Arbery
was a suspect in a series of break-
ins in the neighborhood.
He and Travis McMichael
armed themselves, they told the
police, got into a pickup truck, and
tried to catch Mr. Arbery. Mr. Bry-
an, who is known as Roddie, also
gave chase in his vehicle, a state
investigator said, and used his
cellphone to film the killing of Mr.
Arbery.
The video shows Mr. Arbery
running toward a pickup truck
with Travis McMichael standing
next to it. Mr. Arbery tries to run
to the other side of the truck to
avoid Mr. McMichael, who is
armed with a shotgun. But the two
struggle, and Mr. McMichael soon
shoots Mr. Arbery.
In a court hearing this month,
Richard Dial, an investigator with
the Georgia Bureau of Investiga-
tion, said Mr. Bryan heard Mr. Mc-
Michael use a racial slur after
shooting Mr. Arbery.
According to the six-page in-
dictment, which was returned
Wednesday morning, the men are
charged with trying to “unlaw-
fully confine and detain” Mr. Ar-
bery while chasing him, using
their vehicles “offensively” and in
a manner “likely to cause serious
bodily injury.”
The most serious charge is mal-
ice murder, which under Georgia
law is “the intentional killing of a
person with malice of fore-
thought,” said Charlie Bailey, an
Atlanta-area lawyer and former
assistant district attorney in Ful-
ton County, Ga.
Mr. Bailey noted that this mal-
ice did not need to have been de-
veloped over a long period of time.
“Malice can be formed in an in-
stant,” he said.
The shooting death of Mr. Ar-
bery has become an integral part
of the broader wave of protests
against racism, racial profiling
and the police killings of black
people that have broken out
across the country in recent
weeks.
On Tuesday, the State Senate in
Georgia, largely because of Mr.
Arbery’s killing, passed a hate
crimes bill that had been ap-
proved last year by the House.
Gov. Brian Kemp, a Republican,
said he would sign it into law
pending a legal review.
Benjamin Crump, one of the
lawyers representing Mr. Ar-
bery’s family, said in a statement
that the indictments confirmed
“what Ahmaud’s father has been
saying for months — that this was
a lynching.”
The three suspects remain in
custody in Glynn County and have
not been arraigned. Lawyers for
the McMichaels could not be
reached on Wednesday afternoon,
but Kevin Gough, a lawyer for Mr.
Bryan, reiterated that his client
was innocent.
“We’re disappointed that the
district attorney chose to indict
Mr. Bryan,” he said. “But at the
same time we’ve been demanding
a speedy trial from Day 1. The pre-
sentation of this case to the grand
jury brings us one step closer to
our day in court.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020 N A23

Robert M. Laughlin, Preserver of a Mayan Language, Is Dead at 85

By NEIL GENZLINGER
Robert M. Laughlin, an anthro-
pologist and linguist whose exten-
sive work in the state of Chiapas in
southern Mexico documented and
helped revitalize Mayan lan-
guages and culture, died on May
28 in Alexandria, Va. He was 85.
His son, Reese, said the cause
was the new coronavirus.
Dr. Laughlin spent much of his
professional life doing fieldwork
in Chiapas, beginning in the late
1950s. He learned the Tzotzil (also
spelled Tsotsil) language as a
graduate student with the Har-
vard Chiapas Project, a long-term
ethnographic field study that had
just been started by Professor
Evon Vogt and was focusing on
the town of Zinacantán. After
years of painstaking work, in 1975
Dr. Laughlin published The Great
Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo
Zinacantán, with 30,000 entries.
Indigenous languages in the re-
gion — there are many — had
JOHN SWOPE/NATIONAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL ARCHIVES, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
been under siege since the Span-
ish conquest, and Dr. Laughlin’s
dictionary helped spur a revival of
interest in them. The dictionary,
published by the Smithsonian In-
stitution in Washington, where Dr.
Laughlin was curator of Meso-
american ethnology, was not sim-
ply a compilation of which Tzotzil
word equals which English word.
It was a deep dive into word ori-
gins, how the language had mutat-
ed and more.
“The term ‘dictionary’ hardly
does the work justice,” Judith Ais-
sen, professor emerita of linguis-
tics at the University of California,
Santa Cruz, said in an email. “It is
a rigorous work of linguistic schol-
arship, but through its entries, JAMES DI LORETO/SMITHSONIAN
also the repository of a great deal Robert M. Laughlin in 2005 in his office at the Smithsonian In-
of cultural knowledge.”
stitution. Top, in traditional garb, with Anselmo Peres, one of his
The dictionary, created with
two local collaborators, Romin
Tzotzil collaborators during field work in Mexico’s Chiapas State,
Teratol and Anselmo Peres, set an circa 1965; and, left, in 1981 at a traditional wedding in Chiapas.
example for the field. “It has been JOHN B. HAVILAND

the cornerstone of so many efforts

in language and knowledge revi-
talization ever since,” Igor Krup-
nik, chair of the anthropology de-
partment at the Smithsonian’s Na-
tional Museum of Natural History,
said by email.
But it was only the beginning
for Dr. Laughlin. He wrote or col-
laborated on various collections of
folk tales and dreams, an 18th-
century Tzotzil dictionary (with
John B. Haviland, an anthropolo-
gy professor at the University of
California, San Diego), and more.
And in 1982, when some Indige-
nous friends asked him for help in
creating a cultural association, he
became one of the founders of Sna
Jtz’ibajom — or, in English, the
House of the Writer, a collective
that promoted local writings and
publications.
An offshoot of that, a few years
later, was Monkey Business The-
ater, a troupe that performed folk
tales and other works. He brought
in the American puppeteer Amy
Trompetter to help local partici-
pants use puppets in their story-
telling.
“To her distress, the first skit
they chose to perform was a folk
tale that tells of a newlywed
whose wife’s head mysteriously
disappears at night to eat
corpses,” he wrote in “Monkey
Business Theater,” a 2008 book
about the troupe. But the group
caught on and was soon in high de-
mand, performing throughout the
region and beyond.
One of Dr. Laughlin’s most re-
cent collaborations was “Mayan
Tales From Chiapas, Mexico”
(2014), in which he and two trans-
lators recorded 42 folk tales as
told by the same woman, Fran-
cisca Hernández Hernández, the
only Tzotzil speaker remaining in
her village. The book presented
the stories in English, Spanish
and Tzotzil.
In the foreword, Gary H.
Gossen, professor emeritus of an-
thropology and Latin American
studies at the University at Al-
bany, the State University of New
York, wrote of Dr. Laughlin’s ca-
reer: “He has earnestly and suc-
cessfully returned to the native
Maya communities of highland
Chiapas a sense of ownership of
their own literary legacy.”
Robert Moody Laughlin was
born on May 29, 1934, in Prince-
ton, N.J., to Ledlie and Roberta
Howe Laughlin. His father was as-
sistant dean of admissions at
A seminal dictionary,
published in 1975 after
years of field work.
Princeton University, and his
mother was a homemaker.
He grew up in Princeton, gradu-
ated from South Kent School in
Connecticut in 1952 and earned a
bachelor’s degree in English liter-
ature at Princeton in 1956. The
next year he enrolled in a summer
graduate program in anthropolo-
gy at the Escuela Nacional de
Antropología e Historia in Mexico
City, which included fieldwork
among the Mazatec, an Indige-
nous people in the state of Oaxaca.
His interest piqued, he enrolled
at Harvard, where he received a
master’s degree in anthropology
in 1961 and a Ph.D. in it in 1963. In
1960 he married Miriam Elizabeth
Wolfe, and after he joined the
Smithsonian in 1965, they had al-
ternated between living in Chia-
pas and Alexandria, Va., for dec-
ades.
Almost as challenging as com-
piling his monumental 1975 dictio-
nary was physically producing it,
given the complexity of the ma-
terial, the multiplicity of symbols
and unusual letter combinations,
and the limitations of the rela-
tively primitive computers used
to produce it.
“When I went to pick it up,” Dr.
Laughlin wrote in the introduc-
tion, describing the first attempt
to print a proof copy, “I discovered
that the Tzotzil-English section
was very much as I had desired.
But the English to Tzotzil section
of The Great Tzotzil Dictionary
had been reduced to the lowest
common denominator; page after
page of one letter per line ar-
ranged in a single column. This
was followed by all the Latin
names neatly decapitated and ar-
ranged alphabetically according
to the second letter.”
“My dictionary,” he added, “be-
came known around the museum
as The Great Tzotzil Disaster.”
Modest efforts to resurrect In-
digenous languages had been go-
ing on for several decades when
the dictionary appeared, but the
Tzotzil language and its cousins
were primarily oral traditions;
speakers of such languages were
illiterate in them. The dictionary
helped change that.
“A potential audience had
slowly been building for material
in Tzotzil, Tzeltal and about 30
other Mayan languages,” a 1992
article in Smithsonian magazine
noted. “Laughlin’s dictionary con-
tributed a standardized template
for writing down the Mayan
sounds.”
Dr. Laughlin died in a hospital in
Alexandria. In addition to his son,
he is survived by his wife; a
daughter, Liana Laughlin; and
three grandchildren.
When Dr. Laughlin’s dictionary
was published, Senator William
Proxmire, the prominent Wiscon-
sin Democrat, gave it one of his
Golden Fleece Awards, which he
used to call attention to projects
he considered frivolous. Col-
leagues said Dr. Laughlin had con-
sidered the award a badge of hon-
or — “perhaps out of general con-
trariness,” Thor R. Anderson, his
friend and sometimes collabora-
tor, wrote in an appreciation, “but
also because, at the height of that
particular contretemps, fellow
scholars rushed to his defense.”
In 1988, when Dr. Laughlin and
Dr. Haviland published their co-
lonial-era dictionary, “The Great
Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Do-
mingo Zinacantán, With Gram-
matical Analysis and Historical
Commentary,” careful readers
may have noted the dedication on
Page 7:
To William E. Proxmire
For the fun of it!

Sergei N. Khrushchev, 84, Rocket Scientist and the Son of a Former Soviet Premier
By KATHARINE Q. SEELYE
Sergei N. Khrushchev, a former
Soviet rocket scientist and the son
of Nikita S. Khrushchev, the Sovi-
et leader during the Cold War of
the 1950s and ’60s, died on June 18
at his home in Cranston, R.I. He
was 84.
The Rhode Island medical ex-
aminer’s office said the cause was
a gunshot wound to the head, ac-
cording to The Associated Press.
The police said there were no
signs of foul play. His wife,
Valentina Golenko, had called the
police to report an emergency, and
he was pronounced dead at the
scene.
Mr. Khrushchev was a rocket
scientist before he moved to
Rhode Island in 1991, shortly after
the dissolution of the Soviet Un-
ion, to lecture on the Cold War at
Brown University in Providence.
He remained a senior fellow there.
He and his wife became natu-
ralized United States citizens in
1999 and held dual citizenships.
Mr. Khrushchev said in 2001 that
his becoming an American citizen
would not have displeased his fa-
ther, who, in 1956, in the depths of
the Cold War, famously declared
to Western officials, “We will bury
you!”
By the time his son became an
NAT FARBMAN/THE LIFE PICTURE COLLECTION VIA GETTY IMAGES
Sergei N. Khrushchev, above, was a young man when he visited an I.B.M. plant in the United States in 1959, accompanying his
father, the Soviet leader, on a tour of America. In 2007, right, he spoke about the launch of Sputnik I at an exhibition in Chicago.
cal reforms, U.S.-Soviet relations
from 1950 to 1964, and the history
of the Soviet space program.
He also helped his father write
his four-volume memoir in Rus-
sian and then translated it into
English.
Nikita Khrushchev was first
secretary of the Communist Party
of the Soviet Union from 1953 to
hung over the planet.
The premier brought his son,
then 24, with him on the trip.
“Americans who have observed
and talked with him,” The New
York Times observed of Sergei
Khrushchev, “think he gives no
sign of following in his father’s
footsteps.”
Sergei Khrushchev said years
later, in the interview with The
Providence Journal, that during
that trip his family felt as if they
had landed on Mars, seeing things
In addition to his work with mis-
siles, he worked on military and
research spacecraft and moon ve-
hicles.
He was part of an exchange pro-
gram at Brown University’s Cen-
ter for Foreign Policy Develop-
ment and later became a senior
fellow at Brown’s Thomas J. Wat-
son Institute for International
Studies and a fellow at Harvard’s
John F. Kennedy School of Gov-
ernment. He also taught at the Na-
val War College in Newport, R.I.
In addition to his wife (he had
an earlier marriage to Galina Mi-
khailovna), his survivors include
a son, Sergei, as well as a grand-
M. SPENCER GREEN/ASSOCIATED PRESS
daughter. Another son, Nikita,
from a previous marriage, was a
journalist who died of a stroke in
2007 at 47.
Iowa and holding an ear of corn. (His father had six children alto-
Sergei Nikitich Khrushchev gether, by two wives.) Sergei held
was born on July 2, 1935, in Mos- several advanced engineering de-
cow. His mother was Nina Petrov- crees, including a doctorate from More obituaries
na (Kukharchuk) Khrushcheva. the Moscow Technical University. appear on Page A26.
Deaths Deaths Deaths
Gora, Jack Lane, Sally GREENBAUM—Sol, passing of our esteemed
alumna, Shirley Adelson
Greenbaum, Sol Siegel, Shirley Siegel '37. A recipient of Bar-
nard's 2019 Medal of Distinc-
tion at Radio City Music Hall
where she was given a stand-

American citizen, the Cold War
was long over.
“I’m not a defector,” Sergei
Khrushchev told The Providence
Journal in 2001. “I’m not a traitor. I
did not commit any treason. I
work here and I like this country.”
Still, he said, he felt that becom-
ing an American citizen had given
him a new lease on life. “I’m feel-
ing like a newborn,” he told The
A.P. “It’s the beginning of a new
life.”
As a rocket engineer and com-
puter scientist in the Soviet Union,
Mr. Khrushchev played an active
role in developing guidance sys-
tems for missiles, including cruise
missiles launched from sub-
marines, from 1958 to 1968.
He then took up writing and lec-
turing. His areas of expertise in-
cluded Soviet economic and politi-
A naturalized U.S.
citizen who wrote and
lectured extensively.
1964 and chairman of the Council
of Ministers, or premier, from 1958
to 1964, when he was deposed and
relegated to obscurity. He died in
1971 at 77.
Americans had a close-up look
at the Soviet leader and his family
in 1959, when he visited the United
States at the invitation of Presi-
dent Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Times were tense: The Soviets
had beaten the Americans into
space, launching Sputnik in 1957,
and American schoolchildren
practiced duck-and-cover drills as
the threat of nuclear annihilation
they had never imagined. “It was
palms, cars, highways, every-
thing,” he said. He took home
movies of it all, including Times
Square.
They were especially baffled by
the concept of Disneyland, then
four years old and already a top at-
traction in Southern California.
When told that his family would
not be allowed to visit the park out
of concerns for their safety, the
premier exploded in anger:
“What is it? Is there an epidemic
of cholera there or something? Or
have gangsters taken hold of the
place?”
At his office at Brown, Sergei
Khrushchev kept on his wall a
framed cover of Life magazine
with an enduring image from that
historic, if somewhat carnival-like
trip: his father visiting a farm in
GORA—Jack.
The Hampton Synagogue
mourns the passing of our
cherished Benefactor and vi-
sionary Founder. As a Holo-
caust survivor, Jack was pas-
sionate about building and
growing Jewish life in the
Hamptons. To his beloved
wife Paula, to his children,
Mona and David, and Bonnie
and Tod, and to the entire fa-
mily, our heartfelt sympathy.
His memory will always be
a source of blessing and in-
spiration.
Marc Schneier,
Founding Rabbi
Avraham Bronstein, Rabbi
Carol Levin, President
GORA—Jack.
UJA-Federation of New York
mourns the passing of Jack
Gora, beloved husband of
Paula. His legacy will live on
in his family's exemplary
leadership and generosity
within the Jewish communi-
ty. We extend our deepest
condolences to Paula, his
daughters Mona Sterling
(David) and Bonnie
Greenfield (Todd), his grand-
children, great-grandchildren,
and the entire family.
Amy A. B. Bressman,
President;
David L. Moore,
Chair of the Board;
Eric S. Goldstein, CEO
95, Mensch, extraordinary
husband, father, grandfather,
great-grandfather. A CPA by
profession, now he numbers
among the stars. Private bur-
ial, celebration of life at a la-
ter date. Donations in his ho-
nor may be made
Springbrookny.org. Full obi-
tuary at
http://www.legacy.com/Link.
asp?I=LS000196382858X.
LANE—Sally Kuser,
born December 15, 1924; died
June 7, 2020. Widow of Arthur
S. Lane, mother of seven.
murphyfh.com/obituaries/
Sally-Lane/
SIEGEL—Shirley Adelson.
With heartfelt sadness, the
Trustees and Administration
of Barnard College mourn the
ing ovation, Shirley was ack-
nowledged for her “trailblaz-
ing career as a brilliant civil
rights lawyer, a pioneer in the
fight for the rights of others
and as one who never failed
to pursue what is fair, to de-
mand what is just.” Shirley
Adelson Siegel was re-
introduced to Barnard in “Un-
deterred,” a 2018 Barnard Ma-
gazine article which brought
her new campus friends and
devoted admirers. The entire
Barnard community sends its
condolences to her son, Eric,
daughter Ann, and grandson,
Samuel Fischer. She will be
missed by all.
Cheryl G. Milstein
to
Chair, Board of Trustees
Sian Leah Beilock
President, Barnard College
In Memoriam
MARONEY—Catherine T.
January 7, 1926 - June 25, 2019.
Beloved aunt, cousin and
friend. Always in our hearts.
SARACCO—Rudolph.
Died June 25th, 2019. Gone
from our lives. Fondly re-
membered by Paul Burkhart
and Carl Koivuniemi.
A24
GAIL COLLINS
Trump Speaks! And Speaks. And Speaks . . .
DONALD TRUMP THINKS we’re out to get
him.
“You could say 10 speeches. One little
word, they’ll say: ‘He’s lost it,’ ” the presi-
dent complained during a speech in
Phoenix this week.
That would presumably be an inaccu-
rate little word. Or something very
weird, like his claim at a famously under-
attended event in Tulsa that he’d ordered
a slowdown in coronavirus testing to
make it seem as if the infection rate was
smaller.
Desperate presidential spinners said
that was just a joke. “I don’t kid,” Trump
retorted.
Tulsa was, according to the president,
the beginning of his re-election cam-
paign. He’s actually shot off the starting
gun several times before. But it does feel
as if we’re in a new phase. Those big ral-
lies are Trump’s very favorite part of be-
ing the leader of the most powerful na-
tion on the globe. He’s been locked down
for months now, confined mainly to gath-
erings in which other people occasion-
ally get to talk.
He needs his screaming fans, even if
this is a terrible idea, healthwise. Six
members of Trump’s advance team got
sick while doing the planning, and now at
least two other staffers tested positive.
You’re not going to get this guy to stay
home. He needs to compliment himself in
front of thousands of people. Lacing into
the Democratic “elite,” Trump assured
his audience that he is more elite than
anybody. “I look better than them. Much
more handsome. Got better hair than
they do. I got nicer properties. I got nicer
houses. I got nicer apartments. I got
nicer everything.”
And, for sure, a bigger ego. After he
finished raging to his staff about the tiers
of empty seats in Tulsa, the president an-
nounced the night had been a historical
smash hit: “No. 1 show in Fox history for
a Saturday night.”
ROSS DOUTHAT
The Second Defeat of Bernie Sanders
THREE MONTHS AGO, Bernie Sanders
lost his chance at the Democratic nomi-
nation. But the developments of the last
month, the George Floyd protests and
their cultural repercussions, may prove
his more significant defeat. In the winter
he merely lost a nomination; in the sum-
mer he may be losing the battle for the
future of the left.
Throughout his career, Sanders has
stood for the proposition that left-wing
politics after the 1970s allowed its central
purpose — the class struggle, the war
against the “millionaires and billion-
aires” — to be obscured by cultural bat-
tles and displaced by a pro-Wall Street
economic program. This shift has made
left-of-center parties in the West more
upper class and conservatism more blue
collar, but Sanders argued that the trans-
formation need not be permanent: A left
that recovered the language of class con-
flict could rally a majority against plutoc-
racy and win.
The 2016 Sanders primary campaign,
which won white, working-class voters
who had been drifting from the Demo-
crats, seemed to vindicate this argu-
ment. The 2020 version, however, made
it look more dubious: His most passion-
ate supporters — highly educated, eco-
nomically disappointed urbanites —
Yeah, Fox News announced “a whop-
ping 7.7 million total viewers” had tuned
in to listen to Trump speak. Pretty im-
pressive, particularly if you ignore the
fact that most of the nation has been
locked up at home in a world without
sports broadcasting, having already re-
watched every episode of “Star Trek”
and “Friends.”
Still, many of us will remember Tulsa
as That Rally Where Two-Thirds Of The
Seats Were Empty. His next appearance,
in Arizona, was much more Trump’s cup
of tea: a megachurch packed with cheer-
At least those rallies keep
him off the streets.
ing fans who generally ignored all the of-
ficial pleas for masking.
Most of the audience was young. Hav-
ing lured them into endangering their
health for his ego, Trump entertained
them with tales of his heroic efforts to
drain the political swamp. “I never knew
it was so deep — it’s deep and thick and a
lot of bad characters,” he confided.
Well, there aren’t many swamp crit-
ters more appalling than Roger Stone,
the political fixer who spent part of the
2016 presidential campaign trying to get
information for the Trump forces about
Hillary Clinton’s emails.
Stone was convicted of lying to Con-
gress and attempting to intimidate a wit-
ness — in part by threatening to kidnap
the guy’s therapy dog.
As swamp residents go, Stone would
maybe be the equivalent of a 5-foot-11-
inch mosquito. But on Wednesday a fed-
eral prosecutor told Congress that he
and his associates had been told they
could be fired if they didn’t go easy when
it came to sentencing. On account of how,
you know, Stone was the president’s pal.
tugged Sanders toward the cultural left,
dooming his quest for a broader work-
ing-class insurgency.
Now we’re watching a different sort of
insurgency, one founded on an intersec-
tional and racial vision that never came
naturally to Sanders. Rather than Medi-
care for All and taxing plutocrats, the ral-
lying cry is racial justice and defunding
the police. Instead of finding nemeses in
corporate suites, the intersectional revo-
lution finds them on antique pedestals
and atop the cultural establishment.
So far, this revolution has been more
unifying than Sanders’s version — unit-
ing the Democratic establishment that
once closed ranks against him, earning
support from just about every major cor-
porate and cultural institution, sending
anti-racism titles rocketing up the best-
seller list.
All this, from one perspective, vindi-
cates critics who said Sanders’s revolu-
tion was too class-bound and race-blind
all along.
But the longer arc of this insurgency
may still end up vindicating the socialist
critique of post-1970s liberalism — that
it’s obsessed with cultural power at the
expense of economic transformation.
The demand for police reform at the
PETE MAROVICH FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Even if they’re a little dodgy on the
facts side, the rallies are at least a good
way to keep Trump distracted. In Tulsa,
he was fretting about the ongoing dem-
onstrations in Seattle. He asked a con-
gressman who was traveling with him on
the plane whether he ought to “just go in”
and do something to stop the protesters.
The reply was: “No, sir, let it simmer
for a little while.” Darned good advice, al-
though if he’d gone the other way, maybe
the congressman could have added,
“And be sure to bring a Bible.”
One other thing about that story — it’s
an example of how Trump likes to lace
his rallies with anecdotes in which peo-
ple call him “sir.” There were 11 “sirs” in
the Tulsa speech alone.
Daniel Dale, a CNN reporter who’s
been following this tic for a long time,
theorized that “sir” was a hint that what-
ever anecdote Trump was telling was ac-
tually fictional. But it’s also pretty clear
that the president just loves stories in
which people are addressing him as if he
were, say, a general.
Trump’s been spending a lot of time
trying to beat down that image of him at
West Point this month, leaving the stage
with an old-guy totter down the ramp.
The fake news, he insisted, cut off all the
film that showed him running — run-
ning! — for the last 10 feet. “I looked very
handsome,” he observed to the crowd.
Later, Trump asked Melania what the
reaction to his West Point speech was.
She assured him that the media wasn’t
saying much about his address but “they
mention the fact that you may have
Parkinson’s disease.”
He referred to Melania as “my wife,”
which is, I guess, nicer than “the old ball
and chain.” Interesting, though, that she
didn’t feel compelled to deliver any good
news. Maybe when you have to live with
an ego that large, you try to chip away
every little chance you get.
And she didn’t call him “sir.” 0 BELLEVUE, NEB.
heart of the current protests doesn’t fit
this caricature. But the action around it,
the anti-racist reckoning unfolding in
colleges, media organizations, corpora-
tions and public parks, may seem more
unifying than the Sanders revolution
precisely because it isn’t as threatening
to power.
The fact that corporations seem par-
ticularly enthusiastic is perhaps the tell.
It’s not that corporate America is deeply
He may be losing
the battle for the
future of the left.
committed to racial equality; even for
woke capital, the capitalism comes first.
Rather, anti-racism as a cultural curricu-
lum is relatively easy to fold into the
mechanisms of managerialism. The idea
of retraining your employees so they can
work together without microaggressing
isn’t Marxism; it’s just a form of
Fordism, with white-fragility gurus in
place of efficiency experts.
In our cultural institutions, too, the of-
ficial enthusiasm for the new radicalism
LETTERS
Are We Getting Too Much Health Care?
TO THE EDITOR:
Re “The Best Care May Be No
Care,” by Sandeep Jauhar (Op-Ed,
June 23):
As a physician, I read this Op-Ed
with horror. Dr. Jauhar notes that
many people have been putting off
routine medical care during the
coronavirus pandemic because of
fear of contracting the virus. He
then proclaims that most people
are doing fine despite not having
this routine care, citing a survey
showing that most Americans
think their health has not been
affected. This shortsighted analy-
sis has the potential to do harm if
readers are persuaded to forgo
care that they need.
Much of the routine care people
receive in the outpatient setting is
done before a disease manifests
symptoms in order to catch it when
it is more easily treatable. Further-
more, ignoring symptoms can have
devastating consequences. Dr.
Jauhar focuses on the cost-saving
implications of skipping “unneces-
sary” care without explaining the
nuanced but very important differ-
ence between inappropriate and
appropriate care.
It is too soon to declare with
confidence the impact of the coro-
navirus pandemic on non-Covid-
related care. The results of these
decisions will play out over many
years and will certainly not be
reflected in a survey being con-
ducted just a few months into the
pandemic.
ERIC SCHWABER, NEW HAVEN, CONN.
TO THE EDITOR:
While it is likely true that a small
percentage of surgeries and visits
are unnecessary, that percentage is
not the main cause of the increase
in health care spending. Instead, it
is administrative costs. Let’s not
blame the doctors.
If you have ever been ill, you
know it is long-established, well-
cultivated medical relationships
that sustain and give comfort and
Jabs Against Older People
TO THE EDITOR:
Re “Microaggressions: Death by a
Thousand Cuts” (Smarter Living,
June 15):
Hahna Yoon provides many
examples of these seemingly small
jabs thrown at us because of un-
derlying assumptions about gen-
der and ethnicity. But left out were
examples of the microaggressions
thrown at older people.
Older Americans are regularly
asked by strangers, “Are you re-
tired?” Organizations dealing with
large populations of older people
often assume that all their clients
have hearing problems, setting the
default volume for automated
phone responses painfully high.
And of course store clerks may use
“diner talk” like “sweetie” when
addressing older people.
Finally, the behavior of older
people is often monitored, espe-
cially in regard to the use of com-
puters, which it is assumed that
they are inept at. The recent
switch to working from home
brought with it seemingly innocent
checks on older workers like: “I
know you don’t like being online.
How are you doing? Are you going
to be OK?”
Younger employees probably
don’t receive that.
REBECCA S. FAHRLANDER
is suggestive of its limits. The tumult is
obviously a threat to certain people’s
jobs: The revolutionaries need scape-
goats, wrongthinkers to cast down, su-
perannuated figures to retire with preju-
dice. But they aren’t out to dissolve Har-
vard or break up Google or close The
New York Times; they’re out to rule
these institutions, with more enlighten-
ment but the same fundamental powers.
And many changes the protesters seek,
the establishment can happily accom-
modate: Few influential people will feel
particularly threatened if statues of pre-
World War II presidents and Franciscan
missionaries come crashing down.
So the likely endgame of all this turbu-
lence is some redistribution of high-pro-
file jobs to a more racially diverse young-
er generation, the abolition of perceived
impediments to the management of elite
diversity (adieu, SAT) and the inculca-
tion of a new elite language that will de-
lineate the professional class more deci-
sively from the unenlightened proles be-
low.
Yes, critics of structural racism have
an agenda for economic reform as well.
But that agenda isn’t what’s being ad-
vanced: Chuck Schumer will take a knee
in kente cloth, but he isn’t likely to pass a
reparations bill, and the white liberals
THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
emotional strength. That relation-
ship needs regular attention and
needs to develop over time. Medi-
cine is not Jiffy Lube. It is about
people and relationships, and both
need careful nurturing.
STEPHANIE TAYLOR, CARMEL, CALIF.
The writer, a doctor, practices holistic
medicine.
TO THE EDITOR:
Dr. Sandeep Jauhar is on to some-
thing. Americans have hugely
“overmedicalized” everyday life
and normal aging. Many of my
contemporaries are desperately
seeking medical help because (in
their seventh decade) they just
don’t have the same “energy” as at
30, or because they have developed
a few little aches and pains. None of
them have any expectation that
their cars, computers or cellphones
will survive in prime pristine condi-
tion until the end. So why should
their shoulders, knees, hearts or
brains?
I would expect to find that many,
or perhaps most, of the millions of
elective treatments postponed
because of Covid-19 were for life-
style rather than health reasons.
Let’s start using our vaunted wis-
dom of age by looking more hon-
estly at our expectations. After
nearly 70 years, I can’t imagine
why anyone would harbor any
expectation of life with no incon-
veniences, difficulties or annoy-
ances. We need to stop trying to
“fix” normalcy.
DAVID VANDERPOOL, CINCINNATI
TO THE EDITOR:
No rushing for the train, bus, air-
plane, no fuming in traffic, no regu-
lating the day by some corporate
idea of work schedules, no packed
elevators. No wonder most people
with nagging health issues and
chronic conditions are doing all
right, as Dr. Sandeep Jauhar says.
Maybe better than they were before
the pandemic struck.
Had the medical profession un-
fairly been profiting from some
unnecessary appointments, pro-
cedures, monitoring? Possibly. But
those people whose work life
stopped or took a homeward turn,
in spite of major inconveniences,
financial woes, and the loneliness
and boredom of staying home
month after month, have in the
main been living a far less stressful
life.
LISA MCCANN
REDDING RIDGE, CONN.
E.U. Plan to Bar Americans
TO THE EDITOR:
Re “As E.U. Opens, It Aims to Keep
Americans Out” (front page, June
24) and “Trump to Halt Worker
Visas Through 2020” (front page,
June 23):
President Trump has issued an
executive order to deny work visas
to foreigners, and now it seems as
though the E.U. has a message of
its own that counters his. Ameri-
cans may be blocked from entering
E.U. countries because the United
States has failed to keep the
spread of Covid-19 under control.
Imagine, the United States is
lumped with Brazil and Russia as
countries unable to stop the spread
of the virus.
What sweet justice this must be
for all those who have been or will
be denied entry to the United
States.
DORIS FENIG, BOCA RATON, FLA.
buying up the works of Ibram X. Kendi
aren’t going to bus their kids to minority
neighborhoods. In five years, 2020’s leg-
acy will probably be a cadre of commis-
sars getting people fired for unwise Twit-
ter likes, not any dramatic interracial
wealth redistribution.
You can dismiss this critique as the
usual conservative allergy to the fresh
air of revolution. But it’s also what old-
guard leftism would predict of a revolu-
tionary movement that has the estab-
lishment on board.
The destiny of liberalism, for some
time now, has looked like handshake
agreements among corporate, academic
and media power centers, with progres-
sive rhetoric deployed either reassur-
ingly or threateningly to keep discon-
tented factions within the elite in line.
The promise of the Sanders campaign
was that the insights of the older left, on
class solidarity above all, could alter this
depressing future and make the newer
left more than just a diversifier of capi-
talism’s corporate boards.
The current wave of protests will have
unpredictable consequences. But right
now, their revolution’s conspicuous elite
support seems like strong evidence that
Bernie Sanders failed. 0

The Deadly
Fantasy
Of Brexit
Samuel Earle
LONDON
B
ORIS JOHNSON was supposed to
be the prime minister to “liber-
ate” Britain, not to lock it down.
When he was elected in De-
cember, his mandate was simple: “Get
Brexit done.” But on Jan. 31, as Britain for-
mally left the European Union, it quietly
recorded its first two cases of Covid-19.
Covid-19 has now officially claimed
more than 43,000 lives in Britain. That’s
more than anywhere else in Europe, and
one of the highest death tolls per capita in
the world.
As Britain reopens — a major loosening
of restrictions was announced on Tuesday
— the conclusion is unavoidable: Mr.
Johnson and his cabinet have mishandled
the pandemic, with devastating conse-
quences. But as the death toll mounts, the
dream of Brexit and its toxic legacy live
on. The fantasies behind Brexit — of na-
tional captivity and liberation — have pro-
pelled Britain toward its current calamity.
In the fever dreams of many British
Conservatives, the country has been in
lockdown for decades. Long before the co-
ronavirus forced everyone to shelter in
place, they believed the entire country
was a captive of the European Union,
which wielded a power both arbitrary and
pervasive over a once sovereign state.
Escaping captivity was a central theme
of the 2016 Brexit campaign and of negoti-
ations with the bloc. In March 2019, Mr.
Johnson called on Prime Minister The-
resa May to “say to Pharaoh in Brussels:
‘Let my people go.’”
Alas, Mrs. May failed to free our people.
But Mr. Johnson, her successor, promised
to deliver our long-awaited liberation. He
campaigned for the December general
election on a promise to “unleash” Britain.
Under a Conservative government led by
Mr. Johnson, Britain would break free.
The Conservative Party romped home.
With a towering new majority, Mr. John-
son appeared to be unassailable.
Then came the pandemic. Unable to
tamp down his trademark combination of
bluff and bravado, Mr. Johnson struggled
to match the seriousness of the situation.
Boasting of shaking hands with Covid-19
Britain’s lockdown
animates Brexiteers more
than anything else.
patients, he demurred from imposing a
nationwide lockdown, even as cases be-
gan to stack up.
“We live in a land of liberty,” Mr. John-
son said on March 18, as countries across
Europe followed Italy into lockdown. Two
days later, as he announced the closing of
pubs, bars and restaurants, he noted “how
it seems to go against the freedom-loving
instincts of the British people.”
The people disagreed. When a lock-
down was declared on March 23, public
support for the policy was at 93 percent. It
remained high for the next two months,
even as much of the press focused on eas-
ing restrictions. Britons, it turned out, did
not value their liberty above their lives.
But Mr. Johnson did, to lethal effect.
Twenty thousand people, according to one
estimate, would still be alive if the prime
minister had imposed lockdown sooner.
It was a calamitous misjudgment, but
not necessarily a surprising one. Mr. John-
son’s reluctance to institute a lockdown
and his enthusiasm for Brexit are of a
piece. Brexit is born of a mind-set that, at
root, doesn’t like being told what to do: It
imagines a dream state where neither the
island nation nor its citizens are responsi-
ble to anyone except themselves.
This freewheeling style of politics
comes naturally to Mr. Johnson, but it is ill
suited to dealing with a pandemic. One of
the infamous claims of the Brexit cam-
paign was that “the people in this country
have had enough of experts.” Now Mr.
Johnson, who contracted Covid-19 in
March and has since recovered, and his
band of true believers appear at news con-
ferences flanked by scientists from SAGE,
the Scientific Advisory Group for Emer-
gencies.
The dissonance, jarring to observe, has
produced an incoherent response. Claim-
ing at all times to be “led by the science,”
the government has frequently changed
its position and then denied doing so, of-
fering the public confusing and ambigu-
ous guidance.
Testing was the order of the day, and
then it wasn’t, and then was again. Masks
were not to be worn, until they were (and
then only sometimes). People were told
not to go to work, unless they could.
Schools could safely return, and then
they couldn’t. Britain would have a “world
beating” tracing system, except it would-
n’t. And so on, for everything from quaran-
tining new arrivals to pursuing a policy of
“herd immunity.”
Even now, with so many dead and
around 1,000 new cases of infection each
day, it’s Britain’s lockdown that animates
Brexiteers more than anything else. No
surprise there: They have been locked up
for decades, trapped in the prison of their
own anxieties, and still hanker to be set
free.
The irony is that, according to mod-
eling, Britain’s lockdown would have been
briefer if it had been imposed earlier. Lib-
erty and lives were lost because of Mr.
Johnson’s avowed love of liberty.
It’s a grim irony, and it exposes an un-
happy truth. The biggest threat to Brit-
ain’s freedom is Britain itself. 0 sis.
SAMUEL EARLE is a journalist.
THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020 N A25
may vote Democratic and plant racial soli-
darity signs in their front yards, but often
resist higher densities that can increase
the affordable housing supply.
Civil rights issues, particularly meas-
ures to combat anti-black racism, can be
subsumed by broader social justice agen-
das. The city’s most prominent voice on
the left in recent years is Kshama Sawant,
a socialist elected to the City Council in
2013. She has focused much of her ire on
Seattle’s high-tech employers and the poli-
ticians who support them. As protests es-
calated in recent weeks, Ms. Sawant frus-
trated some allies by renewing her push
for an “Amazon tax” on large employers to
bolster homelessness initiatives. After the
tax became a rallying cry at a recent Sa-
want-led demonstration at City Hall, one
protester asked in exasperation, “I want
to tax Amazon too, but can we please for
once focus on black lives?”
Similar patterns have shaped politics
and opportunity in other seemingly pro-
gressive cities. In Minneapolis, the pov-
erty and police violence that killed George
Floyd are legacies of a century of racial
segregation, enforced by restrictive cov-
enants, zoning and an Interstate highway
that sliced through the city’s largest black
neighborhood. A comparable mix of public
policies and local prejudice have main-
tained segregation and inequality in Oak-
land and San Francisco, Chicago and
Washington, Los Angeles and New York.
Nevertheless, this looks like a moment
when Seattle and other cities like it might
RUTH FREMSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES move past their histories of racism and ex-
clusion. Almost every day for weeks, Se-
Seattle Is No Progressive Paradise
attle has had peaceful marches, organized
and led by black and minority activists,
but drawing heavily white crowds. Silent
marches organized by Black Lives Matter
brought nearly 85,000 people to the re-
population but well over half of the drug- he assured anxious readers, “law and or-
Margaret O’Mara related arrests. The Police Department der are supreme in our city.” gion’s streets one recent, rain-drenched
SEATTLE Friday. “B.L.M.” and “Silence=Violence”
was placed under federal oversight in 2011 Paul Schell, who was mayor during the
after incidents of excessive use of force on 1999 protests, was less pugnacious in his signs have sprouted along the roads in af-
S
EATTLE’S police-free “autono- fluent suburbs. Similar scenes are playing
nonwhite residents. The public schools analysis but remained reluctant to con-
mous zone” is coming to an end. out across the country.
here are more segregated than they were demn the police. “I wish everybody had
After two largely peaceful This extraordinary swell of activism is
three decades ago. Less than three weeks behaved themselves,” Mr. Schell later re-
weeks, shootings over the last sev- happening in Seattle for many of the same
ago, the police sprayed protesters with flected. “And that it would have been more
eral days near the Capitol Hill Organized reasons it is happening elsewhere: horror
tear gas on the same streets now given civilized.”
Protest area, CHOP for short, left a 19- at police violence, anger at Covid-19’s in-
over to the teach-ins and community gar- But the story here goes beyond political
year-old man dead and three others dens of CHOP. leadership. It involves deep, systemic ra- equities, the pent-up energy created by
wounded. Mayor Jenny Durkan an- There is, to be sure, a radical streak in months of lockdown. Another factor is the
nounced on Monday that the city would the city’s history. In 1919, Seattle shut energy unleashed during the Trump era.
retake the abandoned police precinct at down for five days as 60,000 unionized From the Women’s Marches to March for
the heart of the zone and wind down the workers walked off the job in a general The city has a history Our Lives to Black Lives Matter, progres-
occupation.
In its brief life, CHOP has reinforced Se-
strike. In the 1930s, the Communist Party
was so ascendant here that James Farley,
of racism. This could sives have gotten familiar with inking up
protest signs and putting on their march-
attle’s reputation as a quirky left-coast
bastion of strong coffee and strong pro-
a close adviser to President Franklin
Roosevelt, said that “there are 47 states in
be a turning point. ing shoes.
What comes next? Will Seattle and
gressive politics. Many white Seattleites the Union, and the Soviet of Washington.” other cities embrace the changes neces-
like to think of their city that way too. But Huge anti-globalization marches cial inequalities baked into the fabric of sary to end racist policing? Will citizens
its progressive appearance is deceiving. greeted delegates to the World Trade Or- this overwhelmingly white city. change their everyday lives to match the
It is a city and region with a long history ganization meeting here in 1999, causing a “For most of its history,” James Greg- ideals that propelled them out into the
of racism, of violent marginalization, and partial shutdown of the conference and ory, a historian, observes, “Seattle was a streets?
of pushing back against more radical such a ferociously violent police response segregated city, as committed to white su- Clearly something remarkable is
movements for social change. It is, in that the chief was forced to retire. premacy as any location in America.” blooming in this season of pandemic and
short, much like the rest of America. But these movements often have been Discriminatory mortgage lending and protest. It is forcing our city to reckon with
The global protests of the last few squelched by pushback from political racially restrictive covenants limited Se-
weeks have rightly generated the feeling leaders, even those who once were allies. attle’s nonwhite population to a single
truths that can and should make white cit-
izens like me uncomfortable, and that re-
that the world is at a turning point on re-
dressing racial inequities. This moment
Mayor Ole Hanson, who led Seattle during
the 1919 general strike, once had been a la-
neighborhood, the Central District. Fair
housing laws opened up new parts of the
mind us just how much Seattle is like the
rest of America: impossibly divided, and
has great possibilities, but the history of bor-friendly moderate, but quickly turned city and suburbs to minority homeowners impossibly full of hope. 0
Seattle and other seemingly progressive into an implacable union foe. “The Soviet and renters after the 1960s, but Seattle’s
places should make us realize that change government of Russia, duplicated here, overwhelmingly single-family zoning lim- MARGARET O’MARA is a professor of his-
is not that simple. was their plan,” he wrote in an essay pub- ited the housing available to new buyers. tory at the University of Washington and
A 2008 report found that black people lished on the front page of The New York Such zoning has been remarkably diffi- the author of “The Code: Silicon Valley
make up less than 10 percent of Seattle’s Times shortly after the strike’s end. Now, cult to change. The region’s homeowners and the Remaking of America.”
NICHOLAS KRISTOF
Trump Is Feeding America’s Coronavirus Nightmare
PRESIDENT TRUMP SAYS the coronavirus is “fading Covid-19 Cases On the Rise
away” and pats himself on the back for “a great job on
The hardest-hit states in the Northeast and Midwest saw declines, but most saw cases rise in June.
CoronaVirus” that saved “millions of U.S. lives.”
“It’s going away,” Trump said Tuesday at a packed Change in new cases
megachurch in Phoenix where few people wore masks.
-75 0 +25 +50 +75%
That’s what delusion sounds like. We need a Churchill
to lead our nation against a deadly challenge; instead,
we have a president who helps an enemy virus infiltrate
our churches and homes. Churchill and Roosevelt
worked to deceive the enemy; Trump is trying to deceive
us.
For a reality check, look at this map by my colleague
Nathaniel Lash showing how much of America is trend-
ing in the wrong direction.
A few glimpses of the challenge:
■ Texas, California, Arizona and four other states re-
ported record numbers of cases this week.
■ Some 27 states, by the count of the Times tracker, are
reporting increasing numbers of new cases. Ten states In 11 states,
and Washington, D.C., are reporting declining numbers, new cases
more than
with the rest holding steady. doubled.
■ Arizona, where Trump held his rally, now has the high-
est number of new cases per day per million population,
and the highest share of positive test results.
Black Lives Matter protests do not seem to have
spread the virus much, perhaps because they were held
outside and many participants wore masks. The virus is
Note: Compares the average of new cases for the 14 days ending June 8 with the 14 days ending June 22.
spreading most quickly in Trump Country in the South Source: New York Times collection of data from state and local health agencies and hospitals THE NEW YORK TIMES
and Southwest and in both red and blue states in the
West.
“The next couple of weeks are going to be critical in United States Failing to Flatten the Curve
our ability to address those surges that we’re seeing in Other regions that saw a similar steep rise in cases have
Florida, in Texas, in Arizona, and other states,” Dr. An- ‘It’s going away’ only in brought their epidemics under control.
thony Fauci told a congressional hearing on Tuesday.
The rest of the world is watching aghast.
the president’s delusion. 100 new cases
“What’s happened in the U.S. is utterly tragic, and per million people United
seems like a consequence of appalling leadership and in- States
fied then by how few Arizonans wore masks. Now we see
competent government,” said Devi Sridhar, an Ameri- 80
the consequences.
can who is a professor of global health at the University
of Edinburgh. “Those of us abroad are watching in hor- Deaths are still below their peaks because for now it’s
disproportionately younger people getting sick. That
ror, disbelief and pity.” 60 European Union
“This is a warning to other countries of the dangers of may change.
“I wonder how many fathers got a Father's Day
the virus going out of control,” she said.
The European Union is even preparing to bar Ameri- present from their kids — this virus,” reflected Michael Canada
40
can visitors because of the United States’ failure to man- T. Osterholm, a University of Minnesota epidemiologist.
age the coronavirus properly. Visitors from countries While some epidemiologists expect a second wave to
that have controlled the virus better, like Vietnam, Cuba arrive this fall, Osterholm foresees more of a relentless
20
and Uganda, will be welcome. toll of sickness and death. He anticipates spikes in this
That’s humiliating for the United States, but it should city or that — he fears Houston may become the next Australia
be a wake-up call as well. Europe is right to fear Ameri- New York — but not much of a reprieve.
can visitors. The United States hasn’t brought down case “I think it’s going to keep going on,” he told me. But he
March 15 June 24
numbers the way European countries have, and seems also emphasizes that even the experts don’t really un-
to simply accept a vast continuing toll of deaths. derstand the virus or know what to anticipate.
Note: Shows 7-day rolling average of newly reported cases.
Look at this graph of new Covid-19 cases in the Euro- His advice: Be humble and be bold, and make rigorous Source: Our World in Data
THE NEW YORK TIMES
pean Union versus the United States, with Canada and preparations.
Australia thrown in for good measure: We don’t know for sure, but the post-peak experience
“With smaller testing, we would show fewer cases!”
The United States is now reporting new cases at nine from New York and Europe as well as from street pro-
times the rate of Europe, per million people. tests offers some guidance: If people wear masks, dis- Yes, and by ending cancer screenings, we would re-
duce cancer rates. By locking hospital doors, we would
In the New York region, memories are fresh, people tance as much as possible and avoid mixing indoors, it
are scared and the virus is under control. But in much of just might be possible to keep the virus in check. reduce hospitalizations. And if we stopped issuing death
the rest of the country, the virus initially seemed remote, Instead, our president refuses to wear a mask and certificates, Americans would achieve immortality!
and people relaxed in ways that are now leading to a cri- brings people together indoors to cheer his newest pro- That’s the kind of strategizing that has led the United
posed strategy, which in his words is “slow the testing States, with 4 percent of the world’s population, to expe-
I passed through Phoenix twice last month to report down.” After aides rushed to say he was joking, Trump rience one-quarter of the deaths worldwide from the co-
on Covid-19 cases in the Navajo Nation, and I was horri- denied that, saying, “I don’t kid.” He amplified in a tweet: ronavirus — and instead of “fading away,” it’s surging. 0
A26 N THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
Kirk R. Smith, a Towering Figure in Environmental Science, Is Dead at 73
By KATHARINE Q. SEELYE
When Kirk R. Smith began his
research career in the 1970s, he
was studying the health risks
posed by nuclear power. But after
a trip to rural parts of Asia, he de-
tected an even bigger threat, af-
fecting more people: toxic fumes
being spewed from the solid fuels
that heat the humble chulha, a
small indoor cooking stove made
of mud and clay and used by more
than 40 percent of the world’s pop-
ulation.
He then began to focus on what
he called household air pollution.
When asked why he was turning
away from nuclear power, he
would reply, “The risks are too
small.”
This led to his mantra and be-
came the advice he gave to his stu-
dents: “Follow the risk.”
In doing just that, Dr. Smith was
among the first scientists to iden-
tify the health hazards caused by
cookstoves in developing nations.
With scores of studies and meticu-
lous measurements, he defined
the field of household air pollution
and established such pollution as
one of the leading causes of dis-
ease and death in the developing
world.
He also raised an early voice of
warning about the impact of cli-
mate change on public health.
Dr. Smith died on June 15 at his
home in Berkeley, Calif. He was 73.
His wife, Joan Diamond, said
the cause was cardiac arrest fol-
lowing a stroke.
Dr. Smith was a pre-eminent
global health researcher at the
University of California, Berkeley,
where he taught in the School of
Public Health. He was best known
for recognizing and quantifying
how toxic emissions from burning
Paul Fortune’s boldface clients included Holly and Eric Montgomery, for their home in the Berkshires, left, and Charlotte Ronson and Nate Ruess, for their home in Lower Manhattan, right.
Paul Fortune, 69, Interior Designer to the Stars and Ringmaster of a Social Circus
By GUY TREBAY
While the terms that tended to
attach themselves to Paul Fortune
— style guru, epitome of taste,
acme of chic, arbiter elegantia-
rum — had about them a whiff of
P.T. Barnum, his tax returns said
“interior designer,” a job descrip-
tion that failed to capture his
larger calling as a self-appointed
ringmaster in the social circus of
Los Angeles.
Mr. Fortune died on June 15 in
Ojai, Calif., at 69. His death, of car-
diac arrest, was first announced
on the website of Architectural Di-
gest, where he was regularly
listed among the top 100 profes-
sionals in his field, and confirmed
by his husband, the ceramist
Chris Brock.
Both professionally and person-
ally, Mr. Fortune attracted to him a
wide array of types, including the
boldface clients (Sofia Coppola,
Marc Jacobs, David Fincher, Bri-
an Grazer, Aileen Getty) on whom
he staked his reputation; billion-
aires and busboys; socialites and
drug dealers; artists and writers;
celebrities and the attractive no-
bodies that still flock to Los Ange-
les seeking fame.
Back when he was taking his
first steps toward stardom, a cer-
tain unknown British actor named
Daniel Craig bunked in the guest
room of Mr. Fortune’s storied Lau-
rel Canyon house.
With his square-jawed good
looks, English accent and acerbic
wit, Mr. Fortune was himself a
character who seemed plucked
from Central Casting, the kind of
actor capable of slotting into any
role.
And he played many parts in his
varied design career, including
that of the man who planted the
first vintage Cadillac nose first in
the facade of the Hard Rock Café,
who designed a line of spiky Lu-
firewood, charcoal and cow dung
to heat stoves threatened the
health of people in underdevel-
oped rural areas.
As part of that work, he made
the startling discovery that on av-
erage, cookstoves release the
smoke equivalent of 400 ciga-
rettes per hour.
About three billion people cook
with and heat their homes with
these dirty fuels, according to the
World Health Organization, which
has said that the effects of house-
hold pollution kill four million peo-
ple a year. They die of strokes,
heart disease, lung cancer, pneu-
monia and other ailments.
Dr. Smith saw that the fumes
from cookstoves threatened not
only the people who work around
the stoves all day — mostly poor
women and children — but the en-
tire planet, with toxic emissions
contributing to outdoor air pollu-
tion and exacerbating the effects
of climate change.
“We’ve realized that pollution
may start in the kitchen, but it
doesn’t stay there,” he said in an
interview last year with Berkeley
News, the university’s news web-
site. “It goes outside, it goes next
door, it goes down the street, and it
becomes part of the general out-
door air pollution.”
He found that at least one-
fourth of the diseases in the world
are caused by environmental fac-
tors like air pollution, water pollu-
tion, lack of sanitation and chemi-
cals in the workplace — all factors
that could be controlled.
“Kirk led the world to greater
understanding of the envi-
ronment’s outsized role in health,
not the least of which was due to
the burning of dirty household fu-
els, on which Kirk was the world’s
cite cactus lamps (Barbra
Streisand bought one for a baby
shower), who directed music vid-
eos in the early days of MTV, and
who photographed Annie Lennox
for a Eurythmics album cover.
As a devoted hedonist with a
can-do spirit, he helped create and
promote two of Los Angeles’s
more celebrated night clubs.
The first, the louche Fake Club
of the early 1980s, was situated in
a Trailways bus depot on a stretch
of Cahuenga Boulevard where
sidewalk stabbings were not un-
known. “Come as you aren’t,” was
the unwritten code of the Fake
Club, which opened in 1982, four
years after Mr. Fortune first drove
across country to a city where, as
he explained to Vanity Fair in Jan-
uary: “There was space, freedom,
more sunshine than I knew was
possible. It was like a big, weird
blank canvas and I could paint
myself into the picture.”
The second club, the moody Les
Deux Café, was created in collabo-
ration with the designer Michèle
Lamy and installed at Mr. For-
tune’s direction inside an Arts and
Crafts bungalow cum crack house,
resurrected and transported by
truck across a parking lot to a new
locale.
And it was at Les Deux Cafe,
with its self-aware design quota-
tions from Old Hollywood
nightspots like Chasen’s, Scandia
and the Brown Derby, that Mr.
Fortune laid the groundwork for
what is probably his signal
achievement: the design of the
Tower Bar, the clubby, walnut-
paneled dining establishment that
opened in 2007 and quickly be-
came the Hollywood power nexus
it remains.
Like so many other newcomers
to the land of self-invention, Mr.
Fortune adjusted and burnished
his biography as he went along.
Kirk R. Smith in 2017. He was among the first scientists to identify
the health hazards caused by cookstoves in developing nations.
top scholar,” Justin Remais, chair
of the division of environmental
health sciences at the Berkeley
School of Public Health, said in an
email.
In addition to identifying prob-
lems, Dr. Smith sought solutions.
He initially thought the answer
to household air pollution was bet-
ter cookstoves. But he came to see
that replacing old stoves with new
ones would take decades, particu-
larly on the massive scale needed,
and that many lives would be lost
before such a transformation
could take place.
Moreover, he realized, the new
stoves, at least those that were af-
fordable, would not dramatically
improve health.
“He spent a lot of time thinking
about and learning from the expe-
riences of the people he was try-
ing to help,” his daughter, Nadia
Diamond-Smith, who works in
global maternal and reproductive
Deploying charm, his
chiseled good looks
and an English accent
as his tools.
While he would eventually ac-
quire some of the affectations of a
swell, he was born Paul Stephen
Fortune Fearon on Sept. 5, 1950, in
a suburb of Liverpool, England, to
Frances (Fortune) Fearon, a tele-
phone operator, and Kevin
Fearon, a production manager at
a company that supplied Christ-
mas hampers to Harrods.
When he was still a boy, Mr. For-
tune’s family relocated to a large
and ramshackle house in
Cheshire, England, within earshot
of the lion’s roar at the Chester
Zoo. “Paul’s natural flair was a
driving force” in the restoration of
Cranwood, as the house was
“Paul’s taste was so extraordinary and singular,” said Marc Jacobs, whose triplex in Paris, left, town-
house in New York and 1955 Hoffman House in Rye, N.Y., were all designed by Mr. Fortune, above.
AJAY PILLARISETTI
health in India and Nepal, said in
an interview. He understood, she
said, that if the new stoves were
only marginally better, people
wouldn’t use them, and that only
something with more obvious
benefits would make a difference.
In a major pivot, unusual for
such a prominent scientist, Dr.
Smith reset his goal and cam-
paigned instead for cleaner fuels
like liquefied petroleum gas, or
LPG.
In India, where 700 million peo-
ple relied on the old stoves, he
spent years collaborating with
colleagues and building relation-
ships. He was finally able to help
persuade local governments to
make LPG more widely available.
In 2016, Dr. Smith said, India in-
stituted a national program to dis-
tribute clean-burning stoves and
propane to 80 million impover-
ished households, or about 500
million people. And over the last
WILLIAM ABRANOWICZ
called, his brother, Mark Fearon,
said in an email. Mr. Fearon and
Mr. Brock are his survivors.
As a youth, Mr. Fortune often
dragged his three siblings to coun-
try house sales and auctions, Mr.
Fearon explained, not only help-
ing his parents furnish Cranwood,
but also showing an unwavering
conviction about the correctness
of his own taste. This was to be an
earmark of his design practice
and recurring theme in “Notes on
Décor, Etc.,” a 2018 book he wrote
that was equal parts portfolio,
memoir and how-to.
Mr. Fortune, who was of Irish
descent, attended Catholic school
and served as an altar boy, then
fled to London and had a brief
stint in art school before continu-
ing his journey to New York and,
eventually, the West. “I just
wanted to take drugs and have sex
and run around and have a good
time,” Mr. Fortune said on a de-
sign podcast last year. But he was
more serious than that.
FRANCOIS HALARD
few decades, several other coun-
tries have moved to cleaner cook-
ing fuels.
Dr. Smith’s advances were
widely recognized. He was elected
to the National Academy of Sci-
ences in 1997 and won numerous
awards, including the 2012 Tyler
Prize for Environmental Achieve-
ment, often called the Nobel Prize
of environment.
As it happened, Dr. Smith was
also a recipient of an actual Nobel.
As part of a team of scientists, he
shared the Nobel Peace Prize in
2007 with former Vice President
Al Gore. The team — the Intergov-
ernmental Panel on Climate
Change, a United Nations body —
was cited by the Nobel committee
for creating “an ever-broader in-
formed consensus about the con-
nection between human activities
‘We’ve realized that
pollution may start in
the kitchen, but it
doesn’t stay there.’
and global warming.”
Berkeley has a tradition of giv-
ing parking spaces to its Nobel
laureates. Dr. Smith joked that be-
cause he was one of hundreds of
scientists on the winning team, he
should get a parking space for one
day a year.
Dr. Smith was born Robert Kirk
Nisbet on Jan. 19, 1947, in Berke-
ley. His father, Robert Nisbet, was
a lawyer, and his mother, Ruth
(Griffin) Nisbet, a homemaker. He
“Paul’s taste was so extraordi-
nary and singular,” said Marc Ja-
cobs, whose triplex in Paris, town-
house in New York and new home
— Frank Lloyd Wright’s 1955 Hoff-
man House in Rye, N.Y. — were all
designed by Paul Fortune. “I’m so
stubborn about what I want, but
there are a few people, very few,
who make me rethink something I
like. In that sense, Paul was a per-
fect sparring partner.”
The director Sofia Coppola,
whose New York townhouse was
designed by Mr. Fortune, added,
“I’m such a control freak, but with
Paul, I just said, ‘Do whatever you
think.’”
In reality Mr. Fortune seldom
considered doing otherwise, an
approach that may have cost him
as many clients as it gained.
“What I love about Paul is that
he just didn’t give a damn about
design as a career,” said David
Netto, a designer who chose Mr.
Fortune as his collaborator when
he restored a landmark Richard
DEWEY NICKS
K+
was 4 when his parents divorced.
His mother married James Smith,
an engineer, in the mid-1950s, and
Robert Kirk Nisbet soon changed
his name to Kirk Robert Smith.
He grew up in and around
Berkeley and Oakland until the
family moved to Marin County in
the late ’50s. His new next-door
neighbor, Joan Diamond, became
his wife in 1977.
She and their daughter survive
him, as do two grandchildren and
three half brothers, Scott Nisbet
and Mark and Thaddeus Smith.
Kirk Smith earned three de-
grees from Berkeley: a bachelor
of arts in physics and astronomy
in 1968, a master of public health
in environmental health sciences
in 1972 and a doctorate in biomedi-
cal and environmental health in
1977.
That year he moved to Hawaii,
where he founded and led the en-
ergy program at the East-West
Center, an institution for research
and education on problems in the
Asia-Pacific region.
Back in Berkeley in the late
’90s, he joined the faculty of the
Berkeley School of Public Health.
He was the founder and director of
the university’s global health and
environment program and the as-
sociate director for international
programs at the university’s Cen-
ter for Occupational and Envi-
ronmental Health.
He was a man of many inter-
ests, including beekeeping. But
the environment remained his
overriding focus.
Along with his scientific
courses, he taught a beloved un-
dergraduate seminar on envi-
ronmental disasters in postapoca-
lyptic fiction. And his idea of a va-
cation was to take his family to
Chernobyl.
WILLIAM ABRANOWICZ
Neutra house in Los Angeles. “He
cared about it as a life-enhancing
thing.”
That was clearest at his home in
Laurel Canyon, an ongoing ex-
periment improvised within the
eccentric frame of a hillside haci-
enda built by the man who once
designed the sets for “Mutiny on
the Bounty.”
With its cozy Paul McCobb
chairs, earth-toned colors and
warmly enveloping domestic
aura, the Laurel Canyon house —
where he lived for 35 years before
selling it in 2013 to the musician
Nate Ruess and his wife, the de-
signer Charlotte Ronson — was a
visual antidote to the steroidal
bloat now blighting residential
Los Angeles.
And it served as a proving
ground for concepts he would de-
ploy most successfully at the
Tower Bar: brass-inlaid panels
that frame geometric Art Deco
windows with cinematic views
over the city; lampshades lined in
puce-colored silk that cast flatter-
ing light on even the most surgi-
cally adjusted of faces; Ultra-
suede banquettes that soften to
whispers ruthless conversations
about status recalibrated daily in
the trades.
“Paul understood the framing,”
Jeff Klein, the owner of the Sunset
Tower hotel and its Tower Bar,
said.
One of Mr. Fortune’s inspired
strokes in designing Tower Bar,
Mr. Klein noted, was to comb local
memorabilia shops for movie
stills, which he then annotated
and had framed.
“He would go to all these old
junk shops and buy black-and-
white photos of nobody actors,”
Mr. Klein said. “He didn’t want
stills of the stars. He said, ‘Actors
that never made it — that’s the
real Hollywood.’”
3 ENVIRONMENT 6 VIRUS FALLOUT 11 SPORTS

The I.R.S. is clarifying rules The Times’s chief restaurant Bryson DeChambeau is
on tax breaks for companies critic goes in search of his pumped for the PGA Tour,
that use carbon capture to first sit-down restaurant meal and we mean that in a very
fight climate change. since the March shutdown. literal way.

TECH ECONOMY MEDIA FINANCE THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020 B1

N

Race Issues
Grow Louder
At Amazon
By KAREN WEISE
SEATTLE — Last week, Jeff Bezos,
Amazon’s chief executive, wrote a
rare note to all of the company’s
employees. His leadership team
had been reflecting on the “sys-
temic racism” facing black com-

Roundup’s maker
munities, he said, and he urged
employees to take time to learn
and reflect on Juneteenth, the hol-
iday marking the end of slavery in
the United States.
“I’m canceling all my meetings

agrees to pay
on Friday, and I encourage you to
do the same if you can,” he said.
But some of Amazon’s employ-
ees said there was one big prob-
lem with his suggestion: For the
vast majority of Amazon’s black
workers, canceling a meeting is

more than $10 billion

not an option. They work in Ama-
zon’s fulfillment operations, pack-
ing, shipping and delivering prod-
ucts to millions of customers.
Several other retailers, like Tar-
get, J.C. Penney and Nike, made

to settle thousands
Juneteenth a paid holiday. At Am-
azon, many warehouses recog-
nized the day by encouraging
workers to dress in black.
“What does a black shirt do for
anybody in terms of social jus-

of claims that
tice?” said Adrienne Williams, a
black contract driver for Amazon
in the Bay Area, who organized a
vigil for Juneteenth. Better pay,
she said, would do far more. “That
would cut down the pre-existing
CONTINUED ON PAGE B4

the weedkiller Automakers

causes cancer. Pulling Out
Of a Skid
By NEAL E. BOUDETTE
Just two months ago, the auto in-
dustry was bracing for disaster.
As the coronavirus spread, au-
tomakers shut down plants, and
car sales plunged.
But the industry is starting to
breathe a little easier. Factories
are churning out trucks and sport
utility vehicles, with many of the
plants nearly back to production
levels that prevailed before the
pandemic took hold. While some
factory workers have tested pos-
itive for the coronavirus, au-
tomakers have reported no major
outbreaks. Perhaps most impor-
tant, vehicle sales have perked up
more than many industry execu-
tives had expected.
“At the end of March, it did seem
like we were heading for a dooms-
day scenario,” said Jessica Cald-
well, a senior analyst at Edmunds,
a research firm. “But people are
starting to buy cars now. June
sales will still be well off record
levels, but they will be OK. It’s
pretty encouraging.”
A rebound in the auto industry
CONTINUED ON PAGE B5

Monsanto’s legacy to Bayer.
By PATRICIA COHEN
When Bayer, the giant German chemical and phar-
maceutical maker, acquired Monsanto two years
ago, the company knew it was also buying the
world’s best-known weedkiller. What it didn’t antici-
pate was a legal firestorm over claims that the weed-
killer, Roundup, caused cancer.
Now Bayer is moving to put those troubles behind
it, agreeing to pay more than $10 billion to settle tens
of thousands of claims while continuing to sell the
product without adding warning labels about its
safety.
The deal, announced Wednesday, is among the
largest settlements ever in U.S. civil litigation. Nego-
tiations were extraordinarily complex, producing
separate agreements with 25 lead law firms whose
clients will receive varying amounts.
“It’s rare that we see a consensual settlement with
that many zeros on it,” said Nora Freeman En-
gstrom, a professor at Stanford University Law
School.
Bayer, which inherited the litigation when it
bought Monsanto for $63 billion, has repeatedly
maintained that Roundup is safe.
Most of the early lawsuits were brought by home-
owners and groundskeepers, although they account
for only a tiny portion of Roundup’s sales. Farmers
are the biggest customers, and many agricultural as-
sociations contend glyphosate, the key ingredient in
CONTINUED ON PAGE B7
Comey Show
To Precede
Election Day
By RACHEL ABRAMS
ViacomCBS has reversed course.
Days after announcing that its
television adaptation of “A Higher
Loyalty,” the best-selling book by
the former F.B.I. director James B.
Comey, would appear after the
election, the company has moved
the broadcast to September.
The director, Billy Ray, sent an
email to cast members on Monday
expressing disappointment that
the mini-series had been sched-
uled to broadcast in late Novem-
ber on the ViacomCBS cable net-
work Showtime. In the email,
which was reviewed by The New
York Times, the director said he
had completed the project in the
spring with the expectation that it
would air before Election Day,
Nov. 3.
The two-part, four-hour pro-
gram, “The Comey Rule,” was
adapted by Mr. Ray, the screen-
CONTINUED ON PAGE B4
B2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020

The Digest

COMPANIES revenue source.

GNC plans a “dual-path” re-
Vitamin Chain GNC structuring where it would either
Files for Bankruptcy be sold as a going concern, or im-
prove its balance sheet by shed- S&P 500 INDEX
ding more than $300 million of
GNC, the 85-year-old, Pittsburgh-
debt. –2.59%
based vitamin and herbal supple- 3,050.33
ment retailer, has filed for Chapter GNC said it has agreed in prin-
ciple with many lenders to sell it-
11 bankruptcy, with plans to close
self to an affiliate of its largest
at least 800 to 1,200 locations and shareholder, Harbin Pharmaceu-
possibly sell itself. tical Group, for $760 million in a
GNC had been trying to reduce court-supervised auction, subject
its nearly $900 million debt load to higher bids.
amid falling sales at its stores It also said it has lined up $130
when the coronavirus pandemic million in new financing, includ-
forced thousands of them to close ing support from Harbin. DOW JONES INDUSTRIALS
temporarily, cutting off a major REUTERS
–2.72%
25,445.94

AIRLINES

Major Pilots Union Seeks

Subsidy for Empty Seats
A major pilots union said Wednes-
day it had begun discussing with
lawmakers a plan for the govern- NASDAQ COMPOSITE INDEX
ment to buy seats on each flight to
prevent passengers from having
–2.19%
9,909.17 JASON HENRY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
to sit next to strangers. The deletion settings for existing Google accounts will stay the same, but users will have the ability to change them.
The idea, by the Allied Pilots As-
sociation, which represents 15,000

Google Will Erase Data After 18 Months

KYLE GRILLOT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
pilots for American Airlines, is
aimed at easing a return to pre-
pandemic passenger levels while social distancing would encour-
creating a level playing field age passengers to fly more and By DAISUKE WAKABAYASHI did not alter the settings for exist- user data is important to person-
across the airline industry. airlines to operate more flights, ing accounts because it did not alize products and make it more
OAKLAND, CALIF. — After years of
Some airlines in the United thus preserving more jobs in the criticism about how it keeps a want to upset users with an unex- useful.
States are blocking middle seats 10-YEAR TREASURY YIELD
critical aviation industry. record of what people do online, pected change. However, the com- In the announcement on
or capping the number of seats Under the plan, the price of 0.69% Google said it would start auto- pany said it planned to alert users Wednesday, Sundar Pichai, chief
they are selling on each flight in empty seats would be based on in- –0.03 points matically deleting location history to the ability to change the dele- executive of Google’s parent com-
order to allow for more space be- dustry average costs for 2019. As and records of web and app activi- tion settings in emails and promo- pany Alphabet, said the company
tween passengers. immunity to Covid-19 rose, the ty as well as voice recordings on tions on its products. was “challenging ourselves to
In a statement, the A.P.A. presi- number of seats bought by the new accounts after 18 months. make helpful products with less
dent, Eric Ferguson, said uniform government would fall. REUTERS The limited change, announced data.”
on Wednesday, comes after A policy that changes Google said it would also
Google introduced an option last change the default setting on new
year to allow users to automati- the default settings YouTube accounts to erase view-
SOCIAL MEDIA tweeted last week, used footage
from a CNN story from last year
cally delete data related to their
web searches, requests made with
only for new users. ing history after three years, al-
though users can choose to delete
Twitter Bars Meme Maker about the friendship of two tod-
CRUDE OIL (U.S.)
the company’s virtual assistant that record after three months, 18
For Copyright Violations dlers, one black and one white. $38.01 and their location history. At the The shift addresses the power months or choose not to delete it
Cook doctored the clip, set it to –$2.36 time, it offered users the ability to of defaults, or predetermined at all.
A conservative social media user ominous music and inserted a erase the data after three months choices made for the user, to guide The company also announced
whose far-right memes have been fake misspelled CNN caption or 18 months. people’s behavior in how they use other efforts aimed at making it
reposted by President Trump has reading “Terrified todler runs The policy sets Google accounts online services. Some users never easier to manage online privacy,
been kicked off Twitter for re- from racist baby,” then a clip from to delete that data by default on tinker with the settings, which including new features to make it
peated copyright violations. the original video before showing new accounts, instead of requir- means they do not exercise choice easier to enable “incognito” mode
Logan Cook, a Kansas man who the message “America is not the ing users to go into the product’s in the level of privacy or data col- — a more private form of brows-
posts under the name Carpe problem. Fake news is the prob- settings to change to an option to lection that they prefer. ing — in several of its products.
Donktum, was permanently lem.” delete. The settings on existing ac- While critics have argued that Google said it would also add a
barred from the platform Tuesday, Mr. Cook said that his posts are GOLD (N.Y.)
counts will remain unchanged. Google collects an abundance of feature to help users learn their
days after he posted a video that satirical and are therefore exempt Google, which boasts that it has data to improve the targeting of privacy settings from its search
used doctored footage from CNN. from copyright rules. $1,765.80 more than one billion monthly us- advertisements to make more engine by typing in a query like
The clip, which Trump re- ASSOCIATED PRESS –$6.30 ers for seven of its services, said it money, the company has said that “Google Privacy Checkup.”

What Happened in Stock Markets Yesterday

POWERED BY

S&P 500 3050.33 2.6% Nasdaq Composite Index 9909.17 2.2% Dow Jones industrials 25445.94 2.7%

30,000
3,400 10,000
28,000
3,200 +20% +20% +20%

+15% 9,000 +15% 26,000 +15%

3,000
+10% +10% +10%
2,800 24,000
+ 5% + 5% + 5%
8,000
2,600 0% 0% 0%
22,000
– 5% – 5% – 5%
2,400
7,000
Apr. May June Apr. May June Apr. May June

TOTAL
Best performers Worst performers Most active Long- and intermediate-term TOTAL RETURN
ASSETS
VOLUME
S&P 500 COMPANIES CLOSE CHANGE S&P 500 COMPANIES CLOSE CHANGE S&P 500 COMPANIES CLOSE CHANGE IN MIL. government bonds 1 YR 5 YRS IN BIL.

1. Kroger (KR) $32.82 +2.2% 1. Nrwn Crs Ln (NCLH) $15.80 –12.4% 1. GE (GE) $6.53 –6.7% 143.8 1. Vanguard Total Bond Market Index Adm(VBTLX) +8.9% +4.3% $113.9
2. Tractor Supp (TSCO) 131.34 +1.6 2. Royal Carib C (RCL) 48.24 –11.3 2. American Airl (AAL) 13.04 –6.9 140.1 2. Dodge & Cox Income(DODIX) +8.4 +4.7 63.2
3. CH Robinson (CHRW) 78.54 +1.6 3. Carnivl (CCL) 16.00 –11.1 3. Nrwn Crs Ln (NCLH) 15.80 –12.4 76.9 3. PIMCO Total Return Instl(PTTRX) +8.4 +4.4 52.5
4. Tyler Tech (TYL) 338.47 +1.2 4. Wynn Resorts (WYNN) 75.21 –11.0 4. Ford Motor (F) 5.95 –3.3 75.3 4. Fidelity US Bond Index(FXNAX) +8.9 +4.3 50.7
5. T-Mobile US (TMUS) 108.43 +1.2 5. TripAdvisor (TRIP) 18.15 –9.8 5. BofAML (BAC) 23.81 –4.0 75.3 5. Metropolitan West Total Return Bd I(MWTIX) +9.1 +4.3 48.0
6. Gilead Scien (GILD) 75.93 +1.2 6. Cimarex Energ (XEC) 26.82 –9.5 6. T-Mobile US (TMUS) 108.43 +1.2 66.6 6. Fidelity Series Investment Grade Bond(FSIGX) +9.2 +4.8 32.3
7. Dollar General (DG) 191.85 +1.0 7. Diamondback (FANG) 41.90 –9.5 7. AT&T (T) 29.42 –2.7 65.5 7. American Funds Bond Fund of Amer A(ABNDX) +10.0 +4.4 25.9
8. Chipotle (CMG) 1047.95 +0.9 8. Gap (GPS) 10.42 –9.3 8. United Arlns (UAL) 33.07 –8.3 65.0 8. Baird Aggregate Bond Inst(BAGIX) +9.2 +4.7 25.0
9. CenterPnt Ene (CNP) 18.33 +0.8 9. Devon Energy (DVN) 11.25 –9.1 9. Wells Fargo (WFC) 26.12 –4.1 57.2 9. Baird Core Plus Bond Inst(BCOIX) +8.8 +4.9 23.6
10. Public Strg (PSA) 189.45 +0.6 10. Occidental (OXY) 18.00 –9.0 10. Boeing (BA) 176.69 –6.0 56.2 10. Vanguard GNMA Adm(VFIJX) +5.6 +3.1 18.5
Source: Morningstar

Sector performance How stock markets fared yesterday in Asia … … in Europe … and in the Americas.
S&P 500 SECTORS
+1.0
–0.9 Utilities +0.5
Shanghai +0.3%
–1.6 Consumer staples
0.0
–2.0 Consumer discretionary
Tokyo –0.1%
–0.5
–2.3 Information technology
–2.5 Communication services –1.0
Frankfurt –3.4%
–2.7 Real estate –1.5
Toronto –1.7%
–2.7 Health care –2.0
–3.0 Materials London –3.1% New York –2.6%
–2.5
–3.5 Industrials
–3.0
–3.5 Financials Major stock market indexes
–3.5
–5.5 Energy
6 p.m. E.T. 8 10 12 a.m. 2 4 6 a.m. 8 10 12 p.m. 2 4 6 p.m.

What Is Happening in Other Markets and the Economy

Bonds Currencies Consumer rates Commodities Economy

10-year Treas. Key rates 1 euro = $1.1252 Crude oil Unemployment Rate Consumer confidence
3% $1.3
6% $100 a barrel
10% 120
1.2 Borrowing rate
2
30-year fixed mortgages
Fed Funds 5 50
2-year Treas. 1.1 5 100
1

0 1.0 4 0 0 80
’19 ’20 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’18 ’19 ’20 ’12 ’14 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20

3
Yield curve $1 = 107.04 yen Corn New-home sales Industrial production
3% 120 $6 a bushel
2 700 thousand
1-YEAR AGO 260
2 110 Savings rate 4
600
1 1-year CDs
YESTERDAY 240
1 100 2 500

0 Maturity 90 0 0 400 220

3 6 2 5 10 30 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’18 ’19 ’20 ’10 ’15 ’20 ’12 ’14 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20
Months Years

Projects to Bury Carbon Dioxide Get a Lift
By BRAD PLUMER
WASHINGTON — Carbon capture, a
rarely tested strategy to fight cli-
mate change, is attracting grow-
ing interest in the United States
after the Trump administration
began clearing a longstanding
roadblock to subsidizing the tech-
nology.
In 2018, Congress approved a
lucrative tax break for companies
that trap carbon dioxide produced
by industrial sites before the gas
escapes into the atmosphere and
heats the planet. But for years, po-
tential carbon capture projects
stalled because the Internal Reve-
nue Service had yet to clarify how,
exactly, the tax credit worked.
That’s starting to change. In
May, the I.R.S. finally issued pro-
posed regulations, outlining the
rules companies would have to
follow when burying their emis-
sions underground, as well as the
penalties they would face if the
gas leaked back out.
“That was one of the keys we’ve
been waiting for,” said Robert
McLennan, chief executive of
Minnkota Power Cooperative, an
electric utility planning to retrofit
a coal plant in North Dakota. The
project aims to capture 3 million
tons of carbon dioxide per year,
equivalent to the pollution from
640,000 cars, and bury the gas
more than a mile underground. At
an estimated cost of $1 billion, he
said, the venture wouldn’t be fi-
nancially viable without the cred-
it.
But the complex effort still
faces hurdles.
Minnkota needs to find finan-
cial partners who can take advan-
tage of the tax break, and Mr.
McLennan said the I.R.S. rules
may need further changes to
make investors feel confident be-
fore they are finalized. The coro-
navirus pandemic has also dis-
rupted some engineering work.
“But, on balance, the rules are
helpful,” he said. “We’re optimistic
we can move forward.”
Across the country, companies
have proposed at least 30 carbon
capture projects to date. In Indi-
ana, Wabash Valley Resources
aims to produce greener fertilizer
by stashing its emissions under-
ground. In Texas, Occidental Pe-
troleum plans to capture carbon
dioxide from two ethanol plants
and inject the gas into its oil wells
to dislodge more crude, a process
known as enhanced oil recovery.
The company says emissions
from that oil would be partly offset
by the injected carbon dioxide
that would stay below ground.
For years, polluters had little in-
centive to trap their planet-warm-
ing emissions. The tax credit
shifts that calculus: It is worth up
to $50 for each ton of carbon diox-
ide captured and permanently
stored underground, and up to $35
per ton if the captured gas is bur-
ied during enhanced oil recovery.
For large projects, that break
could be worth hundreds of mil-
lions of dollars over the measure’s
12-year lifetime.
Top, carbon-capture equipment at a generating station in Thompsons, Texas. Above, the city of Farmington, which,
hoping to save jobs, wants to install similar equipment to keep the San Juan plant running through 2035.
Leaders in Farmington, N.M., want to use carbon-capture technology to keep the San Juan Generating Station open.
Carbon capture remains a con-
tentious idea. Coal, oil and gas
companies have backed the ap-
proach as less disruptive than
abandoning fossil fuels entirely.
Some Democrats and envi-
ronmentalists say the technology
could prove crucial for reducing
emissions from industrial sources
like cement or steel plants that are
difficult to clean up.
But critics warn that carbon
capture could just entrench fossil-
fuel use, particularly if the cap-
tured gas is mainly used to extract
more oil from the ground. And the
technology has been overhyped
before: In the 2000s, several early
carbon-capture projects backed
by the federal government were
never finished after billions of dol-
lars of investments and delays.
Those arguments are on display
in New Mexico, where the utilities
that own the San Juan Generating
Station, an 847-megawatt coal
plant, plan to abandon it in 2022 as
the state imposes stricter emis-
sions rules. Worried about job
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
ENVIRONMENT | HEALTH CARE
losses from the shutdown, a
nearby city, Farmington, has pro-
posed taking over the plant with
Enchant Energy and installing
carbon capture technology to
keep it running through 2035.
Peter Mandelstam, the chief op-
erating officer of Enchant, said
carbon capture could reduce the
plant’s emissions by 90 percent,
enabling it to comply with the
state’s climate rules. The $1.3 bil-
Clarifying a tax credit
that could help the
fossil fuel industry.
lion proposal aims to capture 6
million tons of carbon dioxide
each year and either sell the gas to
nearby oil fields or bury it in a sa-
line aquifer to claim the tax credit.
Critics have questioned
whether the company can build
the complicated project on time
and be financially viable. They
LUKE SHARRETT/BLOOMBERG
ADRIA MALCOLM FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
ADRIA MALCOLM FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
say they fear it may give false
hope to local coal workers and di-
vert investment from proven al-
ternatives like wind and solar
power.
“This is a community that’s
struggling and badly needs to di-
versify its economy, not double
down on risky coal technology,”
said Mike Eisenfeld of the San
Juan Citizens Alliance, a group
that advocates for clean air and
water.
Enchant plans to use technol-
ogy previously tested at a carbon
capture facility near Houston,
completed in 2017 with help from
an Energy Department grant.
There, exhaust from a coal plant is
run through chemicals that bind
to the carbon dioxide, which is
then piped to nearby oil wells.
But Enchant’s project would be
more than quadruple the size, and
the company still needs to negoti-
ate with the plant’s current own-
ers, find buyers for its electricity
and carbon, and bring in invest-
ors. Enchant recently began
working with Bank of America to
advise it through the process.
“I’m a big fan of more wind and
solar,” Mr. Mandelstam, a former
wind developer, said. “But we ha-
ven’t yet figured out how to run a
grid entirely on renewable energy.
Until that happens, this project of-
fers a reasonable way to keep the
lights on, preserve jobs and re-
duce the plant’s environmental
impact.”
It remains unclear how many
carbon capture projects will actu-
ally get built, particularly as
Covid-19 roils the economy and oil
prices plummet. The clock is tick-
ing: Under current rules, the
projects need to begin construc-
tion before 2024 to claim the tax
credit.
Keith Martin, a lawyer at Nor-
ton Rose Fulbright who special-
izes in tax-financing deals for
wind and solar, said he had seen
increased interest in carbon cap-
ture from investors looking to
lower their tax burdens. But, he
added, there are still technical as-
pects of the I.R.S. rules, like how
financial partnerships should be
structured, that need to be clari-
fied.
“The deals we are working on
are largely stalled at the moment,”
Mr. Martin said, “because the pro-
posed regulations did not answer
all the questions we have.”
In the wake of the pandemic,
some policymakers have said that
carbon capture may need a fur-
ther boost. In a recent infrastruc-
ture bill, House Democrats pro-
posed extending the tax credit’s
deadline by two years and allow-
ing direct payments to develop-
ers. Supporters hope that addi-
tional aid could help carbon cap-
ture go mainstream, much as fed-
eral subsidies have done for wind
and solar.
“Getting this first round of
projects up and running is criti-
cally important,” said Kurt
Waltzer, managing director at the
Clean Air Task Force, an advocacy
group. “But if carbon capture is
going to play a big role in decar-
bonization all over the world, in
places like China or India, we’ll
need to think on a much bigger
scale.”
N B3
Hospitals Sued to Keep
Prices Secret. They Lost.
By SARAH KLIFF
and MARGOT SANGER-KATZ
A federal judge has upheld a The Upshot provides news, analysis
Trump administration policy that and graphics about politics, policy
requires hospitals and health and everyday life.
insurers to publish their negoti- nytimes.com/upshot
ated prices for health services,
numbers that are typically kept ean gasoline and Danish ready-
secret. mix concrete, has found that
The policy is part of a major publishing negotiated prices can
push by the administration to sometimes backfire in markets
improve transparency in health where there are few competitors,
care. Insurers and health raising prices.
providers usually negotiate deals Judge Nichols conceded that
behind closed doors, and patients “the evidence in the record is not
rarely know the cost of services definitive” in proving that trans-
until after the fact. parency lowers prices, but that it
Administration officials said was “more persuasive than a
more price transparency would decades-old case study involving
lead to lower and more predict- Danish ready-mixed concrete
able prices in an industry that contracts.”
has huge ranges in what insurers The hospital rule is part of the
pay for services. A simple blood administration’s bid to control
test, for example, can cost $11 or
$1,000. Coronavirus tests show a
similar variation, with prices
from $27 to $2,315. ‘Informed customers
But in a lawsuit, the American
Hospital Association said the
would put pressure
administration did not have the on providers to lower
legal authority to require the
publication of negotiated prices, costs and increase
arguing that the publication of
the prices could have perverse
the quality of care.’
effects. On Tuesday, the judge, Judge Carl Nichols
Carl Nichols, disagreed.
In his decision, Judge Nichols
found that the hospitals were health costs through transparen-
“attacking transparency meas- cy, an effort that has become a
ures generally” in a bid to limit health policy priority for Presi-
patients’ insight into medical dent Trump. The hospital rule
prices. was preceded by an executive
“Hospitals may be affected by order on price transparency in
market changes and need to health care unveiled at a White
respond to a market where con- House event where patients
sumers are more empowered,” spoke about their experiences
he wrote, stating that was not with surprise medical bills.
reason enough to “make the rule It is not the only part of that
unlawful.” transparency effort to encounter
Judge Nichols, who was ap- legal obstacles. A federal appeals
pointed to the D.C. District Court court has thrown out another
last year, also rejected the hospi- rule that would have required
tals’ other arguments: that the drug makers to include the price
of medications in television ad-
new rules would create over-
whelming administrative bur- vertisements.
dens and that more transparency Alex Azar, the secretary of
might actually drive up prices. Health and Human Services,
“Traditional economic analysis applauded the court’s decision:
suggested to the agency that “With today’s win, we will contin-
informed customers would put ue delivering on the president’s
pressure on providers to lower promise to give patients easy
costs and increase the quality of access to health care prices.
care,” Judge Nichols wrote. Especially when patients are
Among health economists and seeking needed care during a
other experts, the effects of price public health emergency, it is
transparency policies remain more important than ever that
unsettled. The Trump adminis-
tration has argued that published
they have ready access to the
actual prices of health care serv-
prices will help empower individ- ices.”
ual patients as well as employers The hospital association said it
that buy health insurance for would appeal the decision. “The
their workers, creating market proposal does nothing to help
patients understand their out-of-
pressure to discourage over-
charging. pocket costs,” said Melinda Hat-
But research on price trans- ton, a senior vice president and
parency in health care, which is general counsel for the associa-
limited, has not shown large tion. “It also imposes significant
effects: A study of a New Hamp- burdens on hospitals at a time
shire law requiring published when resources are stretched
prices for common services thin.”
showed very modest price reduc- The price transparency rule is
tions. And a body of research scheduled to go into effect in
from other fields, including Chil- January.
KEVIN MOHATT/REUTERS
Prices in the health care industry vary widely in what insurers pay for
services. Covid-19 tests, for example, can range from $27 to $2,315.
Dennis F. Dunne, Esq., Andrew M. Leblanc, Esq., Tyson M. Lomazow, Esq.,
Lauren C.Doyle,Esq.,MILBANK LLP, 55 Hudson Yards,New York,New York
before the General Bar Date or the Governmental Bar Date at the following
address:IF BY MAIL: OneWeb Global Limited, et al.Claims Processing, c/o
10001,Telephone: (212) 530-5000, Facsimile: (212) 530-5219, Counsel to Omni Agent Solutions, 5955 De Soto Ave., Suite 100, Woodland Hills, CA
theDebtorsandDebtorsinPossession 91367; Or IF BY HAND: United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern
UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT District of New York,300 Quarropas Street,White Plains,New York 10601-
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK 4140.
) Chapter 11 PROOFSOFCLAIMSUBMITTEDBYFACSIMILEOR
In re:
OneWeb Global Limited, et al. ) Case No. 20-22437 (RDD) ELECTRONICMAILWILLNOTBEACCEPTED.
Debtors.1 ) (Jointly Administered) Contents of Proofs of Claim. Each proof of claim must: (i) be written
in English; (ii) include a claim amount denominated in United States
NOTICE OF DEADLINES FOR THE FILING OF PROOFS OF
CLAIM, INCLUDING REQUESTS FOR PAYMENTS UNDER
dollars;(iii) clearly identify the Debtor against which the claim is asserted;
(iv) conform substantially with the Proof of Claim Form provided by
SECTION 503(b)(9) OF THE BANKRUPTCY CODE the Debtors or Official Form 410; (v) be signed by the claimant or by an
THE GENERAL BAR DATE IS AUGUST 11, 2020
THE GOVERNMENTAL CLAIMS BAR DATE IS
authorized agent or legal representative of the claimant; and (vi) include
as attachments any and all supporting documentation on which the claim
SEPTEMBER 24, 2020 is based. Please note that each proof of claim must state a claim against
PLEASETAKE NOTICE OFTHE FOLLOWING: only one Debtor and clearly indicate the specific Debtor against which
Deadlines for Filing Proofs of Claim. On June 23, 2020, the United the claim is asserted. To the extent more than one Debtor is listed on the
States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of NewYork (the“Court”) proof of claim, a proof of claim is treated as if filed only against the first
entered an order (the “Bar Date Order”) establishing certain deadlines listed Debtor, or if a proof of claim is otherwise filed without identifying
for the filing of proofs of claim, including requests for payment under a specific Debtor, the proof of claim may be deemed as filed only against
section 503(b)(9) of the Bankruptcy Code, in the chapter 11 cases of the OneWeb Global Limited. Proofs of Claim must not contain complete social
security numbers or taxpayer identification numbers (only the last four
following debtors and debtors in possession (together, the “Debtors”):
DEBTOR, CASE NO.: OneWeb Global Limited, 20-22437; OneWeb digits),a complete birth date (only the year),the name of a minor (only the
Holdings LLC, 20-22434; WorldVu JV Holdings LLC, 20-22435; WorldVu minor’s initials) or a financial account number (only the last four digits of
Development LLC, 20-22436; OneWeb Communications Ltd, 20-22438; suchfinancialaccount).
WorldVu Satellites Ltd, 20-22439; OneWeb Limited, 20-22440; 1021823 Electronic Signatures Permitted. Proofs of claim signed by the
BC Ltd.,20-22441;Network Access Associates Ltd,20-22442;OneWeb Chile claimant or an authorized agent or legal representative of the claimant
SpA,20-22443;WorldVu Australia Pty Ltd, 20-22444;WorldVu Unipessoal using an electronic signature will be deemed acceptable for purposes of
Lda, 20-22445; OneWeb Norway AS, 20-22446; OneWeb ApS, 20-22447; claims administration. Copies of proofs of claim or proofs of claim sent by
facsimileorelectronicmailwillnotbeaccepted.
OneWeb Network Access Holdings Ltd, 20-22448; OneWeb GK, 20-22449;
OneWeb Ltd,20-22450;WorldVu Mexico S.De R.L.de CV,2022451;WorldVu Section 503(b)(9) Requests for Payment. Any proof of claim
and/or priority asserting a claim arising under section 503(b)(9) of the
SouthAfrica(Pty)Ltd,20-22452.
The Bar Dates. Pursuant to the Bar Date Order, all entities (except Bankruptcy Code must also (i) include the value of the goods delivered to
governmental units), including individuals, partnerships, estates, and and received by the Debtors in the twenty (20) days prior to the Petition
trusts who have a claim or potential claim against the Debtors that arose Date;(ii) attach any documentation identifying the particular invoices for
prior to March 27, 2020 (the “Petition Date”), no matter how remote or which such 503(b)(9) claim is being asserted;and (iii) attach documenta-
contingent such right to payment or equitable remedy may be,including tion of any reclamation demand made to the Debtors under section 546(c)
oftheBankruptcyCode(ifapplicable).
requests for payment under section 503(b)(9) of the Bankruptcy Code,
MUST FILE A PROOF OF CLAIM on or before August 11, 2020, at 5:00 Additional Information. If you have any questions regarding the
p.m., prevailing Eastern Time (the“General Bar Date”). Governmental claims process and/or you wish to obtain a copy of the Bar Date Notice, a
entities who have a claim or potential claim against the Debtors that arose proof of claim form or related documents you may do so by: (i) calling the
prior to the Petition Date,no matter how remote or contingent such right Debtors’ restructuring hotline at (866) 680-8121 (toll free); and/
to payment or equitable remedy may be, MUST FILE A PROOF OF CLAIM or (ii) visiting the Debtors’restructuring website at:https://www.
on or before September 24, 2020, at 5:00 p.m., prevailing Eastern omniagentsolutions.com/onewebglobal.
Time(the“GovernmentalBarDate”).
ANY PERSON OR ENTITY WHO FAILS TO FILE A PROOF OF CLAIM,
1
The Debtors in these cases, along with the last four digits of each
Debtor’s federal tax identification number, if any, are: OneWeb Global
INCLUDING ANY REQUEST FOR PAYMENT UNDER SECTION 503(b)(9) Limited (N/A); OneWeb Holdings LLC (5429); OneWeb Communications
OF THE BANKRUPTCY CODE ON OR BEFORE THE GENERAL BAR DATE OR Limited (9487);WorldVu Satellites Limited (7802);WorldVu Development
GOVERNMENTAL BAR DATE, AS APPLICABLE, SHALL NOT BE TREATED AS A LLC (9067); WorldVu JV Holdings LLC (N/A); 1021823 B.C. LTD (8609);
CREDITOR WITH RESPECT TO SUCH CLAIM FOR THE PURPOSES OF VOTING Network Access Associates Limited (8566); OneWeb Limited (8662);
ANDDISTRIBUTIONONANYCHAPTER11PLAN. WorldVu South Africa (Pty) Ltd.(1867);OneWeb Chile SpA (2336);WorldVu
Filing a Proof of Claim. Each Proof of Claim must be filed, including AustraliaPtyLtd.(5436);WorldVuUnipessoalLda.(2455);OneWebNorway
supporting documentation,by electronic submission through the website
of the Debtors’ claims agent at https://www.omniagentsolutions.com/
AS (0209);OneWeb ApS (9191);OneWeb Network Access Holdings Limited
(8580); OneWeb G.K.(1396); OneWeb Ltd (8661);WorldVu Mexico S.DE R.
onewebglobal,or if submitted through non-electronic means by U.S.Mail L.DE C.V. (1234). The Debtors’headquarters is located at 195 Wood Lane,
or other hand delivery system,so as to be actually received by Omni on or WestWorksBuilding,3rdFloor,London,W127FQ,UK.
B4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
Jeff Bezos has been urged to diversify Amazon’s leadership team.
Amazon Workers Want
Bezos’ Words on Race
Matched With Actions
FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE
condition that is poverty,” she
said.
Ms. Williams and more employ-
ees and contractors are arguing
that Amazon, one of the nation’s
largest employers, needs to do
much more to address racial in-
equality within its own walls. The
calls for change — including di-
versifying its top ranks and ad-
dressing racism in its warehouses
— have generated an unusual de-
gree of turmoil inside the tech gi-
ant.
Many other large businesses
also face calls for change from
within. But Amazon stands out be-
cause it has a large percentage of
black employees — more than a
quarter of its 500,000-person do-
mestic work force, most of them in
hourly jobs at its sprawling logis-
tics operations, where they earn
far less than their corporate coun-
terparts. That percentage is
slightly higher than among Wal-
mart’s employees in the United
States, and far higher than at
other big tech companies. At
Facebook, for example, less than 4
percent of its work force is black.
And few executives have been
as blunt in their public support of
the Black Lives Matter movement
as Mr. Bezos, the world’s richest
person. On Instagram, Mr. Bezos
posted disturbing messages he
had received in response to his
support of racial equality, includ-
ing an email from a person named
Dave, who used racist slurs and
said that he would no longer do
Adrienne Williams, a contract driver for Amazon in the Bay Area, is among
those urging the company to do much more to address racial inequality.
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business with Amazon.
“Dave,” Mr. Bezos wrote,
“you’re the kind of customer I’m
happy to lose.”
Johnnie Corina III, who last
week filed a discrimination com-
plaint accusing Amazon of foster-
ing a hostile work environment for
black warehouse employees, said
it was hard to consider those
statements as more than lip serv-
ice.
“The ‘in’ thing right now is
Black Lives Matter and equal jus-
tice,” Mr. Corina said. “You can tell
when something is genuine and
something is not.”
An Amazon spokeswoman, Jaci
Anderson, said that the company
stood in solidarity with the black
community, and that it was “com-
mitted to helping build a country
and a world where everyone can
live with dignity and free from
fear.” She said employees had
been free to take vacation or ac-
crued unpaid time off to attend
Juneteenth events. “We respect
and encourage their choice to do
so,” she said.
This month, the company said it
would temporarily stop selling its
facial recognition software, which
researchers have found to
misidentify people of color, to po-
lice departments. The one-year
moratorium was striking because
Amazon had long denied prob-
lems and resisted calls to slow its
deployment.
But Amazon’s critics, including
some employees, say even that
JIM WILSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES
In Reversal, Trump-Comey Mini-Series to Air Before Election Day
FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE
writer of “Shattered Glass,” “Cap-
tain Phillips” and “Richard Jew-
ell.” It stars Jeff Daniels as Mr.
Comey, who served as the F.B.I. di-
rector from 2013 until President
Trump abruptly fired him in May
2017. Mr. Trump is played by Bren-
605 dan Gleeson, the actor perhaps
best known for his portrayal of
Alastor (Mad-Eye) Moody in the
Harry Potter movies.
Showtime said in a statement
on Wednesday that the mini-se-
ries would air on Sept. 27 and Sept.
28.
“A Higher Loyalty” was an in-
stant blockbuster when it was
published in April 2018, selling
3402
600,000 copies in all formats its
first week. In its pages Mr. Comey
likens Mr. Trump to a crime boss
and calls him “unethical, and un-
tethered to truth.” Mr. Trump at-
WORKPLACE | MEDIA
was a half-step — pointing out
that the company did not directly
acknowledge concerns about the
technology nor did it stop selling
the tools to federal law enforce-
ment offices.
The pause is a “great start,” one
employee wrote on an internal
website. But the goal, the person
wrote, should be broader, to en-
sure the products Amazon builds
“are not directly at odds with pro-
moting inclusion and diversity
and perpetuating biases and in-
justices to black and brown com-
munities.”
Employees and some share-
holders have long groused about
the lack of diversity on Mr. Bezos’s
senior leadership team, a group
known as the “S-Team” that has 22
executives, none of whom are
black.
At a town hall in 2017, after Mi-
chael Brown, Philando Castile and
Sandra Bland had already become
household names, an employee
asked Mr. Bezos about the lack of
diversity on his team. Mr. Bezos
said his top deputies had been by
his side for years, and he saw the
low turnover as an asset. Any
transition on the team, he said,
would “happen very incremen-
tally over a long period of time.”
In April, before George Floyd
was killed in police custody in
Minneapolis, a group of midlevel
employees wrote to Mr. Bezos and
his senior team, saying there was
“a systemic pattern of racial bias
that permeates Amazon,” accord-
ing to emails viewed by The New
York Times. They said they were
prompted to write after a leak of
meeting notes showed that David
Zapolsky, Amazon’s general coun-
sel, had called a black warehouse
employee in Staten Island “not
smart or articulate.”
tacked the book and its author,
calling him an “untruthful slime
ball” in a tweet.
At the time of his firing three
years ago, Mr. Comey was the top
official leading a criminal investi-
gation into whether Mr. Trump’s
advisers had colluded with the
Russian government to influence
the outcome of the 2016 election.
CBS was among the hundreds
of organizations and people that
have been the target of attacks by
Mr. Trump during his term in of-
fice. In a 2018 tweet, the president
included CBS reporters among
the “fakers” who have “done so
much dishonest reporting that
they should only be allowed to get
awards for fiction!”
Previous attempts by Holly-
wood to build shows around politi-
cal figures have not gone accord-
ing to plan. In 2013, NBC scrapped
Mr. Zapolsky had said his com-
ments were “personal and emo-
tional” and that he did not know
the employee was black. But in
their email, the corporate employ-
ees said it “was not an isolated in-
cident, but rather a symptom of a
bigger problem.”
They said Amazon adopted the
entrenched racism that plagued
America, evidenced by the
“homogeneity” of the its leader-
ship compared with “the rich ra-
cial and ethic diversity amongst
our hourly worker population.”
The group proposed almost a
dozen specific changes, including
conducting a third-party audit of
bias, releasing detailed figures on
‘What does a black
shirt do for anybody
in terms of social
justice?’
Adrienne Williams, a contract
driver, on the sartorial recognition
of Juneteenth at Amazon
warehouses.
race and promotions, establishing
goals for representation in man-
agement and leadership roles,
and having the head of diversity
be a member of Mr. Bezos’s S-
Team.
Amazon said that senior lead-
ers offered resources to help the
group develop their suggestions
into a formal proposal.
On Tuesday, Microsoft, one of
Amazon’s top competitors for tech
talent, said it would spend $150
million on diversity efforts and
planned to double the number of
black managers and senior em-
ployees by 2025.
Showtime will air an adaptation of James B. Comey’s book, “A Higher Loyalty.”
HIROKO MASUIKE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Mr. Bezos’ leadership team in
recent weeks has been holding
“listening circles” with black em-
ployees, and many Amazon exec-
utives have written personal
emails to their departments.
Some teams have moved away
from biased technical terms,
ditching phrases like “black lists”
and “white lists” to connote net-
work access, according to an
email shared among some em-
ployees.
But many employees want
more to be done. They have been
collaborating on a document to
propose that Amazon make diver-
sity a new “leadership principle,”
the guiding list of attributes Ama-
zon uses to hire, review and pro-
mote workers.
In the document, dozens of em-
ployees anonymously cited expe-
riences of discrimination in daily
work interactions. When a black
employee “said something hon-
est, he was told, ‘You’re not earn-
ing trust,’” one wrote. “But when a
White Stanford M.B.A. said the
exact same thing, he got an acco-
lade.” Others wrote about being
passed over for promotions, or not
being mentored.
The document was earlier re-
ported by Business Insider.
Ms. Anderson said that the an-
ecdotes “do not reflect our val-
ues.” The company does not toler-
ate workplace discrimination, she
said, and it investigates all claims
reported through official chan-
nels. She added that the current
leadership principles encouraged
diversity because they “remind
team members to seek diverse
perspectives, learn and be curi-
ous, and constantly earn others’
trust.”
In the warehouses where Ms.
Williams and the bulk of Amazon’s
DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES)
PHILIP CHEUNG FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
More than a quarter of Amazon’s
employees in the U.S. are black,
most of whom work in its fulfillment
centers, like those in Eastvale, Calif.,
above, and Staten Island.
black employees work, the con-
cerns of some workers can be
even more explicit. Mr. Corina, in
his discrimination complaint filed
in California, said Amazon repeat-
edly failed to adequately respond
to racist graffiti in bathrooms of
the warehouse where he works
east of Los Angeles.
Mr. Corina, who is involved with
the local branch of the National
Association for the Advancement
of Colored People, said that since
November he had repeatedly re-
ported racist graffiti and that the
language worsened after Mr.
Floyd’s death. Some used racial
epithets to express hatred toward
black people and said that they
should “go back to Africa.”
He said Amazon had not ad-
dressed the warehouses’ employ-
ees to say such behavior was un-
acceptable, nor had he seen any
evidence that Amazon has investi-
gated who wrote the racist graffiti,
even though he had asked.
The result, he said, left him
scared to go to work. “To not do
any interventions is really not a
safe environment for a black per-
son,” he said.
In another complaint filed last
week with California’s fair em-
ployment agency, a black janitori-
al contractor at the same ware-
house said he was fired in early
June because Amazon thought he
had taken a photo of new racist
graffiti that a colleague posted on
Twitter.
The contractor, Donald Archie
II, said that Amazon had not tried
to uncover who wrote the racist
words.
“They are firing a black guy be-
cause of their perception that he
was responsible for calling out
racism in their facility,” said Den-
nis Moss of Moss Bollinger, the
lawyer representing Mr. Corina
and Mr. Archie.
Amazon said it told warehouse
employees about “unacceptable
graffiti” in December, and then
discussed it again in February.
The company said it started to in-
vestigate the markings in June.
Mr. Archie was removed from Am-
azon buildings for not escalating
concerns about the graffiti and vi-
olating the company’s cellphone
use policy, the company said.
On June 16, a colleague sent Mr.
Archie a photo from the bathroom,
with racist phrases once again
scrawled on the wall. Below it was
an internal newsletter that quoted
Amazon’s public statement from
May 31, reading, “The inequitable
and brutal treatment of Black peo-
ple in our country must stop.”
a mini-series that would have
starred Diane Lane as Hillary
Clinton before it was filmed.
More recently, the third season
of Ryan Murphy’s FX series
“American Crime Story: Im-
peachment” — with a focus on for-
mer President Bill Clinton, and
with Monica Lewinsky as a
producer — was scheduled to
make its debut on Sept. 27. FX
ended up postponing the release
until well after the election, citing
Mr. Murphy’s busy schedule.
Mr. Comey was a critic of Via-
comCBS’s now-scrapped plan to
show “The Comey Rule” after the
election, saying in a statement to
The Times on Tuesday, “I don’t un-
derstand why CBS would sit on a
movie about important current
events, and I hope the American
people get the chance to see it
soon.”

Labor Dept. Seeks
Social Goal Limits
In Retirement Plans
By NOAM SCHEIBER
and RON LIEBER
The Labor Department is seeking
a new federal regulation that
could discourage retirement
funds from making investments
based on environmental, social
and governance considerations.
The department said in a news
release Tuesday evening that it
was taking the action to “provide
clear regulatory guideposts.” La-
bor Secretary Eugene Scalia, in an
opinion article Wednesday in The
Wall Street Journal, said the move
“reminds plan providers that it is
unlawful to sacrifice returns, or
accept additional risk, through in-
vestments intended to promote a
social or political end.”
Investments based on social
goals can consider, for example, a
company’s efforts to reduce its
carbon footprint or to promote ra-
cial and gender diversity among
its directors and executives.
Such investments have grown
immensely in recent years, to
roughly one of every four dollars
under management, according to
the US SIF Foundation, a nonprof-
it focused on the category. While
little of that was in workplace re-
tirement plans, some experts
think 401(k) plans will play an in-
creasing role in such investing.
But experts said the proposed
rule would not meaningfully
change employers’ obligations.
And Morningstar has found that
funds based on environmental, so-
cial and governance goals —
known as E.S.G. factors — outper-
formed conventional offerings
during the first quarter of this
year and going back several years
Automakers, Pulling Out of a Skid, Ramp Up Production
FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE
would probably help the economy.
It is the nation’s largest manufac-
turing sector and employs
roughly 1.5 million people in man-
ufacturing, sales and service.
That said, auto sales will be
down sharply this year, more than
in any year since at least 2009; Al-
ixPartners, a consulting firm, ex-
pects sales of new vehicles to fall
about 19 percent this year, to 13.7
million. Experts worry that a
surge in coronavirus cases in
places like Arizona, Florida and
Texas could drop sales further as
more people stay home to avoid
getting sick or making others ill.
In addition, more than 20 mil-
lion Americans were out of work
in May, according to the Labor De-
partment, and unlikely to be in the
market for new cars. Rental car
companies, which have been hit
hard by the drop in travel and typi-
cally account for up to 20 percent
of the new car market, have all but
stopped buying vehicles. Hertz,
which operates a fleet of more
than 500,000 cars in the United
States, filed for bankruptcy pro-
tection last month.
“Will we see rental orders come
back in the fall?” asked Charles
Chesbrough, a senior economist
at Cox Automotive. “We don’t
know yet, but is seems like most
business travel is going to be on
hold at least until the end of the
year.”
Yet automakers and car dealers
say they are feeling optimistic be-
cause sales of new cars to individ-
uals and families, the industry’s
main customer base, have re-
bounded strongly.
19%
The expected decrease in new car
sales this year, to 13.7 million.
“There’s pent-up demand,” said
Doug Waikem, owner of six new-
car franchises in Massillon, Ohio.
“There are people who were
ready to buy, and then the virus
hit. They put it on hold, but some
are starting to come back.”
Auto manufacturers have lured
buyers back to dealerships with
generous financial incentives. For
a time, several companies, includ-
ing General Motors, Ford Motor
and Fiat Chrysler, were offering
zero-interest loans for 84 months
on most or all of their vehicles.
Most automakers have phased
out those offers, but interest-free
loans for up to 72 months are still
available on many models.
Many consumers appear to be
buying cars with the help of some
of the $1,200 federal stimulus pay-
ments and money they saved
when they cut other spending in
March, April and May, said Pete
DeLongchamps, senior vice presi-
dent of manufacturer relations at
Group 1 Automotive, a large deal-
ership group based in Houston.
“It’s certainly not as bad as we
feared right now,” he said. “The
as well.
Under the Employee Retire-
ment Income Security Act of 1974,
known as ERISA, administrators
overseeing employee retirement
plans — usually an employer’s fi-
nancial or human resources offi-
cials — are required to act in the
strict financial interests of work-
ers. That typically means they can
add a mutual fund option that em-
phasizes social and environmen-
tal goals only if they expect it to
perform at least as well as an op-
tion that does not focus on those
factors while taking similar risk.
“The Department of Labor has
always taken the position that
plans can take into account other
factors, such as social and envi-
ronmental, as long as they don’t
increase risk or sacrifice return
for the plan,” said Olena Lacy, who
served as assistant labor secre-
tary in charge of the agency over-
seeing employee benefits during
the Clinton administration.
Ms. Lacy said Democratic and
Republican administrations had
simply differed over the years in
framing the obligations of employ-
ee plan administrators.
“Democrats say the standard is
that it’s OK for you do to this as
long as it comes out the same,” she
said, referring to risk and returns.
“Republicans say it’s illegal for
you to do this unless it comes out
the same.”
Jon Hale, the head of sustain-
ability research at Morningstar,
said the practical effect of the new
framing could be to deter plan ad-
ministrators from adding E.S.G.
options to 401(k) plans for fear of
violating the law.
government put a lot of money
into the market, and now people
are spending money on cars.”
Sales have rebounded so fast
that automakers are working to
ramp up production to restock
dealerships. Inventories dwin-
dled over the last few months be-
cause so few cars were produced.
The industry made just 4,840 vehi-
cles in North America in April, ac-
cording to Automotive News. Out-
put jumped in May, but the
month’s total, 371,551 cars and
light trucks, was still far below the
1.5 million produced in the same
month in 2019.
The supply of pickup trucks and
S.U.V.s, which American drivers
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
INVESTING | VIRUS FALLOUT
POOL PHOTO BY LEAH MILLIS/EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCK
Even if the proposal does not
come to pass, he said, employers
might decide to avoid E.S.G. in-
vestments because they see them
as a potential political minefield.
The proposed rule says that en-
vironmental, social and govern-
ance concerns can be taken into
account independent of factors
like risk and return only if they act
as a kind of tiebreaker when in-
vestments are otherwise finan-
A proposed rule that
might inhibit
investment options.
cially indistinguishable. In that
case, the rule would require plan
administrators to document the
investment analysis that led to the
conclusion.
The department acknowledged
that the provision might create
additional burdens for employers,
but said in a background docu-
ment that it “does not expect this
requirement to impose a signifi-
cant cost as these situations are
rare.”
prefer to sedans these days, has
been particularly tight. G.M. has
an especially short supply of
Chevrolet and GMC trucks, deal-
ers said, because its production
was halted by a 40-day strike by
the United Auto Workers union
last fall.
High-quality used cars are also
scarce. “Our used sales have ex-
ploded,” Mr. Waikem said. “A
$10,000 to $14,000 used car is
gold.”
Robert Watkins, a production
supervisor at a manufacturing
company in New Hampshire, is
among those buying a used car.
Because of the virus, he and his
wife had to cancel a trip to Ger-
In the Labor Department re-
lease, Mr. Scalia said the proposed
rule was meant to ensure that so-
cial goals would not come at the
expense of returns to participants
in retirement plans, and the re-
lease says employers cannot in-
vest in E.S.G.-focused funds that
seek to “subordinate return or in-
crease risk for the purpose of non-
financial objectives.”
The department did not re-
spond to a request seeking exam-
ples of employers that have pur-
sued such strategies.
Jerome Schlichter, a lawyer
who has successfully pursued nu-
merous employers on behalf of
workers over excessive fees in
their 401(k) plans, said he was not
aware of employers who had
sought to pursue E.S.G. goals at
the expense of financial returns.
“That has not been something
that we’ve seen,” Mr. Schlichter
said. “It hasn’t been done by fidu-
ciaries in any broad way, in part
due to concerns about exposure
for litigation.”
Other lawyers said that while
the growth in E.S.G. investment
options and their rising popularity
among workers could require ad-
PAUL SANCYA/ASSOCIATED PRESS
many this summer, freeing up
some cash.
“So I thought, I should probably
get a better car,” Mr. Watkins said.
Last week, he traded in his beat-
up Hyundai Accent with 163,000
miles for a 2017 Volkswagen Golf
SportWagen with almost every
option imaginable.
To reopen their factories, au-
tomakers developed new pro-
cedures to screen workers for co-
ronavirus symptoms and reduce
interactions between employees.
These included allowing time for
cleaning work places, staggering
arrival times, adding transparent
barriers to assembly lines and in-
stalling no-touch faucets and
Labor Secretary Eugene Scalia
warned against retirement plans
that “promote a social or political
end” at the expense of risk or yield.
ditional regulation and enforce-
ment, such action would typically
be better aimed at investment
companies marketing such funds,
rather than employers and their
plan administrators.
George Sepsakos, a lawyer who
advises employer plans about
their legal responsibilities, said
the Securities and Exchange
Commission had been reviewing
disclosure from E.S.G. funds to
make sure their marketing accu-
rately reflected their investing
strategies. “Right now the defini-
tion can mean different things to
different people,” Mr. Sepsakos
said.
He said that if an investment
company had misrepresented po-
tential returns or fees from an
E.S.G.-focused fund, the invest-
ment company rather than the
employer would typically be lia-
ble. “The plan fiduciary can only
make investment decisions based
on what they know or should have
known at the time,” he said.
A 2015 academic paper examin-
ing decades of research and over
2,000 other studies found that
about 90 percent of the work
showed no negative connection
between E.S.G. principles and
corporate financial performance.
A large majority showed positive
findings.
As a result, said Mr. Hale of
Morningstar, the proposed rule
could end up being counterpro-
ductive. “Not only could invest-
ments that focus on the long-term
sustainability of companies lead
to truly long-term outperfor-
mance because you’re picking
better quality companies,” he
said. “But there is also the sys-
tems argument, that you’re help-
ing to create a financial system
and economy that will be more
successful.”
FCA, VIA REUTERS
Fiat Chrysler factories in Windsor,
Ontario, above, and Warren, Mich.
Most G.M., Ford and Fiat Chrysler
plants are in the Midwest, where
virus cases have been falling.
doors.
So far, production appears to be
ramping up with few major dis-
ruptions. Ford said it now ex-
pected to have all its U.S. plants
back on normal shift schedules
this Monday, two weeks sooner
than expected. G.M. has returned
all of its truck and S.U.V. plants to
three shifts a day, and most of its
other plants are on the schedules
they were on before the pandemic
took hold. Ninety percent of the
company’s hourly workers are
back to work, the company said.
G.M., Ford and Fiat Chrysler
have most of their assembly
plants in the Midwest, where coro-
navirus cases have been falling or
are flat. But even foreign au-
tomakers, which have most of
their plants in the South where
cases are rising, said factories
were more or less back to normal.
Honda, which makes cars in
Alabama, Indiana, Ohio, North
Carolina and South Carolina, said
it had planned to halt production
for three days at the end of June as
part of the July Fourth holiday but
would now keep its plants run-
ning.
“Honda has seen a steady climb
in customer traffic at our dealer-
ships over the last month,” the
company said in a statement. “We
saw a strong sales recovery in
May, and we expect this to last
into the summer sales season.”
N B5
Virus Briefing
ENERGY
Spread of Virus Expected
To Dampen Gas Demand
Demand for gasoline is a proxy
for economic activity, and the
recent surge in coronavirus cases
in states like Arizona, Florida and
Texas could stem a rise in gas
prices.
In Texas, the second-most
populous state after California,
prices could fall sharply after Gov.
Greg Abbott on Tuesday urged
people to stay at home to reduce
the spread of the virus.
Demand for gasoline has recov-
ered more than half of the drop it
suffered when the coronavirus
spread widely in April and many
states and cities ordered people to
stay at home and businesses to
shut down, IHS Markit, a consult-
ing and research firm said on
Wednesday.
A survey of 15,000 gasoline
stations by IHS taken before the
new rise in cases found that use of
gasoline was down about 22 per-
cent in the second week of June
compared with the same week a
year ago. That’s a stark improve-
ment over the second week of
April, when gas purchases were
down nearly 50 percent.
So far this year, gasoline sales
have fallen the most in the North-
east, where the pandemic spread
widely in March and April, caus-
ing tens of thousands of deaths.
Demand is down by about a third
in Massachusetts. By comparison,
sales are down about 26 percent
in California.
The average price for regular
gasoline nationwide on Wednes-
day was $2.16 a gallon, down from
$2.66 a year earlier, according to
AAA. Prices at the pump have
been rising in recent weeks. Oil
prices remain roughly a third
below at the start of the year.
COMMODITIES
Price of Gold Surges
As Investors Seek Haven
Gold prices are within spitting
distance of record highs, after a
surge of buying pushed the pre-
cious metal up 17 percent this
year.
Early on Wednesday, futures
prices hovered around $1,780 an
ounce, up more than 1.5 percent
this month. Gold is now a bit more
than 5 percent away from reach-
ing the record levels of nearly
$1,900 an ounce it touched in
August 2011.
Gold traditionally is viewed as
a hedge against potential infla-
tion, and a safe asset for investors
to have in their portfolios during
times of growing political and
economic uncertainty.
With multiple crises, including
the biggest surge in unemploy-
ment since the Great Depression,
hammering the United States
economy ahead of highly con-
tentious presidential election in
November, demand for the metal
has picked up.
Some in the markets also view
the rapid expansion of the money
supply by the Federal Reserve as
a reason to expect future inflation
to be higher, making gold an
attractive investment.
TRAVEL
India Airlines Criticized
For ‘Repatriation’ Flights
India is coming under increased
pressure to open its airspace to
international carriers after the
United States and some European
nations accused it of discrimina-
tory practices under the garb of
“repatriations” flights.
The U.S. Department of Trans-
portation said on Monday that the
Indian charter flights — orga-
nized by the government to bring
Indian nationals home amid
global travel restrictions — go
beyond “true repatriations.” It
accused India’s national carrier,
Air India, of selling tickets in the
open market, even while New
Delhi officials keep U.S. airlines
from flying to India. Future char-
tered flights, American officials
said, would require Washington’s
approval.
The Indian government sus-
pended international air travel
operations on March 22 after
imposing a nationwide lockdown
to curb the spread of the coro-
navirus. On many occasions, it
failed to greenlight chartered
flights operated by American
carriers.
India’s ministry of civil aviation
said in a tweet on Tuesday that it
was considering easing those
restrictions to allow flights from
American, French, British and
German carriers.
B6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
Veselka was one of the first East Village restaurants offering outdoor seating on Monday, the first day since March that on-site dining was permitted.
Chow, Drinks and Clinks: Dining in the Streets
By PETE WELLS
On Monday, I had lunch at
Veselka in the East Village. Nor-
mally I wouldn’t bother you with
this fact. I’ve done the same
thing at least a hundred times
before. But this lunch, I’m pretty
sure, I’ll remember for the rest of
my life. It was the first restau-
rant food I’ve had since March
that didn’t come out of a paper
bag.
When I say I had lunch at
Veselka, I don’t mean that I sat
inside, of course. I was seated at
one of the eight tables spread out
along the East Ninth Street
CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK
sidewalk, the one just below the
neon sign that says “Open 24
Hours.” Veselka’s dining room is
still a dark, empty cavern. Like
many others in New York City, it
remains off limits to customers
in an effort to tamp down the
local Covid-19 outbreak. But on
June 18, Mayor Bill de Blasio
announced that starting Monday,
restaurants could start serving
outdoors, where the risk of trans-
mitting the virus is lower.
Restaurants had been waiting
for this decision — calling for it
with mounting desperation, in
fact. The mayor’s announcement
still caught them off guard,
though. They had just three days
to get special city authorizations
to place tables, at least six feet
apart, on sidewalks and in curb-
side street-parking spaces.
By Tuesday morning, more
than 4,100 restaurants had been
approved. But shortly after noon
on Monday, when I began
searching the streets of China-
town, the Lower East Side and
the East Village for a place to
eat, not many had outdoor seat-
ing yet. Wu’s Wonton King was
dark.
A few doors down East Broad-
way at Mission Chinese Food,
Kate Bolster, a manager, was
helping to put finishing touches
on a new planter box, five feet
tall and clementine-colored, that
had been fabricated over the
weekend. It was going to be
installed at the edge of a triangle
across the street called Straus
Park. Along with five identical
boxes, the planter would cordon
off a small dining area where
customers could bring kung pao
pastrami, mapo tofu and other
items from the Mission Chinese
Food canon, all packed in takeout
containers.
“It’s been 48 hours since the
command came down the line,”
Ms. Bolster said. “It’s been fun,
but it’s been some late nights.”
But the first lunch service
wouldn’t take place until
Wednesday, and I was hungry
now. I headed for Orchard Street,
in ordinary times one of the most
promising stretches on the
Lower East Side for anyone
prospecting for a good meal.
Some restaurants were closed
because it was Monday, others
because they never serve lunch,
but tape measures and power
tools were out in front of Regina’s
Grocery and Cheeky Sand-
wiches. It was takeout-only at
Russ & Daughters Cafe. Contrair
— the ad hoc merger of Contra
and Wildair that takes online
pickup and delivery orders for
crab congee, chipotle-braised
tripe and bottles of far-flung
natural wines — was still empty.
At the corner of Rivington, the
Roman sandwich shop
Trapizzino hid behind plywood.
Katz’s was doing a brisk take-
out business, all things consid-
ered, but there were no tables
out on Houston or Ludlow
Streets. Ludlow Street is blocked
to cars and trucks under a city
program, called Open Streets,
which has temporarily given 43
miles of pavement to walkers
and cyclists. It would be a good
spot to eat a knoblewurst or two,
but outdoor dining won’t be
expanded to the Open Streets
blocks until July.
There was more plywood
along Avenue A. Sheets of it
were being unscrewed from the
windows of TabeTomo, a tsuke-
men specialist across from
Tompkins Square Park. There
were tables outside — a two-top
and a four-top, each with its own
patio umbrella. The afternoon
was warm and getting warmer,
and the prospect of a plate of
chilled noodles and cold dipping
sauce in the shade held a power-
ful attraction. But TabeTomo, like
a number of other restaurants
A restaurant critic is
served for the first
time since March.
around the city, had set up out-
door seating for its takeout
customers earlier this month,
before it was officially allowed. I
admired the enterprise, but I
wanted to eat at a table that was
just seeing its first action of the
season.
In the end, Veselka came
through for me as I knew it
would, as it had so often over the
years for me and anybody else
who needed a dose of Ukrainian
hospitality. The East Village
never feels more like a village
than inside Veselka’s walls,
where people reading Ferrante
sit across from people reading
Polish newspapers, where soli-
tary types can hide and new
couples can pretend to hide,
where young men dress like
roadies and old men dress like
retired cardsharps, and all of
them drink coffee.
That was more or less the
scene yesterday, although it took
place outside the walls. Veselka
VIRUS FALLOUT
EMON HASSAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
has had a sidewalk cafe for sev-
eral years, and had been packing
food for takeout and delivery for
some time. So when Monday
arrived, all it needed to do was to
install the metal pen around its
outdoor space and leave more
room than usual between the
tables.
Restaurants in Midtown and
the financial district that rely on
office workers may not find the
new outdoor dining rules very
helpful. Places targeting out-of-
towners are in a tough spot, too.
But coffee shops, sandwich
joints, pizzerias and other main-
stays of residential areas are well
positioned to take advantage of
outdoor dining.
“This is a time, in some cases,
where if you’re a neighborhood
restaurant and you rely on peo-
ple who live in the community,
you may fare a bit better,” said
Andrew Rigie, the executive
director of the New York City
Hospitality Alliance. Mr. Rigie,
whose group rarely sees eye to
eye with bureaucrats, seemed a
little astonished on Monday.
Ordinarily, acquiring a sidewalk
cafe permit takes around six
months and costs roughly $5,000.
In a single weekend, thousands
of restaurants had been cleared
with no application fee.
“I’ve been fighting bureaucra-
cy and red tape for a long time,
and this program really cuts out
the red tape and costs for restau-
rant owners,” he said. “It’s really
remarkable.”
Polly Trottenberg, who as
commissioner of the Department
of Transportation is overseeing
the new approval process, was
almost giddy at how quickly it
was moving, as if she were the
owner of a golf cart who’d just
discovered it could reach high-
way speed.
“It was quite clear that a
process in which we would have
to survey and certify everything
— we would never be able to do
that in real time,” she said. “So
we leaned into a different model,
which I’ll admit is unusual in
New York City and is probably
one of the most liberal in the
EMON HASSAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
NYC DOT
Above, an illustration showing
criteria for setting up outdoor
seating in New York City. Left.
Melba’s Restaurant in Harlem.
country right now.”
Transportation commissioners
have not historically had much
jurisdiction over restaurants, but
the outdoor dining program
happens to dovetail with the
department’s wider effort to turn
some of the city’s streets over to
walkers, runners and skate-
boarders. That list now includes
eaters and drinkers, which any-
body who enjoys the spectacle of
life played out in public will
recognize as a promising move.
There are even signals ema-
nating from City Hall that some
of this new street and sidewalk
dining could, conceivably, possi-
bly, outlast the pandemic. “This
will be a great conversation to
have towards the end of the
summer,” Ms. Trottenberg said.
“We’ll have lots of information
then about how well it’s worked.”
My own view is that change
can’t come fast enough. Restau-
rants need to make money. New
Yorkers need to get out of their
apartments, even if it means
wearing masks, carrying hand
sanitizer and talking across
longer-than-usual distances.
None of this bothered me at
Veselka. I took off my mask for
about 15 minutes and then retied
it again when I’d finished lunch:
cold borscht and a mixed plate of
boiled pierogies, half cheese and
half blueberry.
I liked it all, especially the
slightly scouring tartness of the
cherry lime rickey, but if there
had been any problems I would-
n’t tell you about them. Now is
not the time for criticizing. Any
restaurant that is serving food
now is a good restaurant.
But it is a time for imagining.
Once we don’t need to fear
Covid-19, what would the city
look like if more of our dining
spaces spilled over into the side-
walks and streets? Would it look
like the crazy, whirling, profane
outdoor feast of “Fellini’s Roma,”
with swaddled babies passed
around in baskets and conversa-
tions that revolve almost entirely
around sex, excrement and cacio
e pepe shouted from table to
table? New York is too fancy for
that now. (By 1972, when Fellini
conjured it up, Rome was proba-
bly too fancy for it.) But those of
us who love restaurants have
been unsettled lately by how
many new ones have taken the
form of whispery, darkened,
expensive cloisters. A little spa-
ghetti in the streets couldn’t hurt.
There was one small glitch at
Veselka. It took longer than
usual for the check to arrive —
long enough that my server
apologized. She didn’t need to. I
would have waited all day.
Global Economic Dip
Is Worse Than Thought
By ALAN RAPPEPORT
WASHINGTON — The International
Monetary Fund warned on
Wednesday that the global econ-
omy faces an even deeper down-
turn than it previously projected
as the pandemic continues to sow
uncertainty and businesses
around the world struggle to oper-
ate amid the virus.
The forecast underscores the
scale of the task that policymak-
ers are facing as they try to dig out
from what the I.M.F. has de-
scribed as the most severe eco-
nomic contraction since the Great
Depression. Even as countries be-
gin reopening their economies, it
is increasingly evident that the re-
covery will be uneven and pro-
tracted as cases continue to surge
and consumers remain wary of re-
suming normal activity.
More than 35,000 new coro-
navirus cases were identified
across the United States on Tues-
day, according to a New York
Times database, the highest sin-
gle-day total since late April and
the third-highest total of any day
of the pandemic. Other countries
are also experiencing surges in
new cases, complicating plans to
reopen the global economy.
In an update to its World Eco-
nomic Outlook, the I.M.F. said it
expected the global economy to
shrink 4.9 percent this year — a
sharper contraction than the 3
percent it predicted in April.
The fund noted that, even as
businesses began to reopen, vol-
untary social distancing and en-
hanced workplace safety stand-
ards were weighing on economic
activity. Moreover, the “scarring”
of the labor force from mass job
cuts and business closures means
that the world economy will re-
cover much more slowly, with the
I.M.F. projecting 5.4 percent
global growth in 2021, far below its
pre-pandemic projections.
Overall, the I.M.F. expects that
the cumulative loss of total output
for the global economy this year
and next year will top $12 trillion.
“We are definitely not out of the
woods,” said Gita Gopinath, direc-
tor of the I.M.F.’s research depart-
ment. “This is a crisis like no other
and will have a recovery like no
other.”
The I.M.F. forecast is more grim
than global projections outlined
earlier this month by the Organi-
zation for Economic Cooperation
and Development. And its U.S.
forecast for 2020 is also less opti-
mistic than what the Congres-
sional Budget Office and the Fed-
eral Reserve have projected.
The I.M.F. now projects that the
U.S. economy will shrink 8 per-
cent this year before expanding
4.5 percent next year.
The Fed in June projected a par-
ticularly sharp economic hit in
2020, with officials expecting out-
put to contract by 6.5 percent at
the end of this year compared to
the final quarter of 2019, before re-
bounding by 5 percent in 2021. A
May report from the C.B.O. fore-
cast a 5.6 percent contraction in
the United States this year.
Charles Evans, president of the
Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago,
said on Wednesday that he ex-
pects a “broad recovery will take
some time” in the United States,
adding that “the future is more un-
certain now than at any other
time” in his professional career.
“My forecast assumes growth is
held back by the response to inter-
mittent localized outbreaks which
might be made worse by the fast-
er-than-expected reopenings,”
Mr. Evans said.
“Usually, we are able to look to
the past for guidance on what is in
store for the future. But in this sit-
uation, there is simply no relevant
benchmark.”
Ms. Gopinath said in a news
briefing that the world was facing
the worst downturn since the
Great Depression. However, she
said that the depth and duration of
the economic collapse were not
expected to be as severe, given
the strength of the economy going
into the crisis and the relative sta-
bility of the financial system.
The path of the recovery is diffi-
cult to track, she added, noting
that much will depend on the de-
velopment of a vaccine or cure for
the coronavirus pandemic or
whether future waves create the
WANG ZHAO/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
Even as businesses reopen, the path to economic recovery is uncertain.
need for additional lockdowns.
The pandemic has not spared
advanced or developing econo-
mies. Economies in the eurozone
are projected to shrink 10.2 per-
cent this year and expand 6 per-
cent next year. In China, where
the virus originated and which im-
posed draconian containment
measures, the economy is ex-
pected to expand 1 percent this
year and 8.2 percent in 2021.
Yet the Trump administration
continues to suggest a more bull-
ish outlook for the U.S. economy.
Larry Kudlow, the director of
the National Economic Council,
said Tuesday that he expected a V-
shaped recovery, meaning a
sharp, steady economic uptick on
the heels of recession. And Treas-
ury Secretary Steven Mnuchin
said that he could foresee the re-
cession being over in the United
States by the end of the year.
“I think you’re going to see a
spectacular rebound off the bot-
tom in the third quarter,” Mr.
Mnuchin said in a virtual confer-
ence on Tuesday.
Prolonged economic pain could
increase pressure on the Trump
administration and U.S. lawmak-
ers to move forward with another
round of stimulus measures.
House Democrats want a $3 tril-
lion economic support package,
but Republicans are increasingly
wary of the long term impact of
such spending on the deficit. Mr.
Mnuchin said this week that fu-
ture measures should be targeted
to help industries that have been
hit hardest by the pandemic. Pres-
ident Trump has suggested he
would be open to another round of
stimulus checks, which could land
in peoples’ bank accounts just
ahead of the November election.
The I.M.F. cautioned that its
forecast was more uncertain than
usual because the trajectory of the
pandemic remained hard to pre-
$12T
The expected loss of total output
for the global economy this year.
dict. It praised robust fiscal and
monetary policy responses
around the globe for helping to
contain the economic fallout, but
warned that mounting debt could
constrain additional support as
governments began to worry
about ballooning deficits.
The I.M.F. report notes that,
even in countries where infection
rates are declining, major obsta-
cles to a resumption of normal ac-
tivity persist. Travel and mobility
remain depressed, and the virus
has dealt a blow to consumption
and business investment.
“In most recessions, consumers
dig into their savings or rely on so-
cial safety nets and family support
to smooth spending, and con-
sumption is affected relatively
less than investment,” the I.M.F.
said. “But this time, consumption
and services output have also
dropped markedly.”
The pandemic has also cur-
tailed the flow of global trade,
which the fund estimated had con-
tracted 3.5 percent in the first
quarter from a year earlier.
That is in line with an estimate
by the World Trade Organization,
which said that global trade had
fallen sharply in the first half of
the year. That trajectory did not
seem quite as bad as the group
had previously projected.
Trade in goods shrank 3 percent
year on year in the first quarter,
while initial estimates indicate
that it fell 18.5 percent in the sec-
ond quarter, the steepest decline
on record. But those declines
could have been much worse, the
organization said. Trade needs to
grow only modestly for the rest of
the year to meet the organiza-
tion’s more optimistic outlook of a
13 percent contraction in 2020,
versus a more pessimistic poten-
tial decline of 32 percent.
Roberto Azevêdo, the director
general of the World Trade Orga-
nization, said the development is a
“silver lining” but governments
need to be on guard and continue
to stimulate the economy.
Ana Swanson and Jeanna Smialek
contributed reporting.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020 N B7

TECHNOLOGY | LITIGATION

How to Dig Up Family History Online

Digitized newspaper archives and hyperlocal historical sites can help you learn about your ancestors.
Tech Tip
By J. D. BIERSDORFER
Long before the internet made it easy
to share the nuances of daily life, local
newspapers and other regional publica-
tions reported the business, society and
civic news of the people in the commu-
nity. For budding genealogists, finding
an ancestor in an old microfilmed news-
paper and reading contemporaneous
accounts of her turn in the school play
or his all-city bowling championship
provide a glimpse into the past that’s
more textured than a chart of names
and dates.
Taking a more narrative approach to
the family story can be a time-consum-
ing detective project with no guaran-
teed results. But once you have a name
and know when and where the person
lived, you can start your quest to find
out how they lived. Here’s how to get
started.
Large subscription genealogy services like
Ancestry host billions of historical records.
Digging Up Your Roots
If you’re just beginning to climb your
family tree and need names on the
branches, a subscription service like
Ancestry or MyHeritage can be an easy
place to start gathering information. In
addition to billions of digitized records
(like census data, draft rolls and reli-
gious registries), these services include
tutorials, articles, message boards and
other tools to help learn you learn how
to find your people.
When you get some names pinned to
your tree, you may also start to receive
hints of possible undiscovered relatives
from the site’s algorithms or the serv-
ice’s other members to help you along.
If you’re not sure you want to commit
to a regular subscription fee, look for a
free trial period.
As the social media of the 19th and 20th centuries, many local newspapers printed “status reports” of community members.
The National Archives site has a huge
collection of resources for researchers.
Finding Alternative Resources
Sleuthing on a budget? Visit the Na-
tional Archives site and its “Resources
for Genealogists” page for links to
information on finding land records,
immigration and naturalization docu-
ments, census data, military-service
papers, and more. While not all govern-
ment records may be free or digitized,
the National Archives hosts a page of
links from other genealogy sites where
you can look for information.
Some ancestors are harder to trace
than others. For families severed by
slavery or overlooked by government,
the site has an Ethnic Heritage section
with tips for finding African-American
ancestors, as well as for those search-
ing for Chinese, Hispanic/Latino, Japa-
nese or Native American forebears.
FamilySearch, run by the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, re-
quires only a free account to search its
billions of historical records. Geni.com
(owned by MyHeritage) has free basic
family-tree building services and a
large social community that encourages
members to work together. Immigra-
tion museums may also have free on-
line databases, like the Statue of Lib-
erty-Ellis Island Foundation Passenger
Search.
Diving Into the Archives
Once you have pinned your ancestors
to specific places and years, look for
local media from that time. Business
Newspapers.com offers a searchable
archive and digitized copies of pages.
dealings, town government activity,
social gatherings and obituaries were
often reported in 19th- and 20th-cen-
tury papers. But be warned: In addition
to sometimes florid writing, articles
from certain eras and areas can be rife
with the unchecked misogyny, racism
and xenophobia of the day.
The Newspaper Archives, Indexes
and Morgues section of the Library of
Congress site has links to many dig-
itized publications, including African-
American, Cherokee and Mexican-
American newspapers.
The Ancestor Hunt genealogy site
has a section devoted to finding histori-
cal newspapers online, and the Ele-
phind site lets you search a growing
collection of digitized international
newspapers. Some archives are free,
some charge to view the microfilmed
images, and search capabilities vary.
Newspapers.com is an archive with
more than 17,000 digitized publications
dating from the 1700s. After the free
trial, subscriptions start at about $8 a
month, but you can search, clip, save
and print the articles you find.
Finding Further Reading
Libraries and historical/genealogical
societies may also have books and
periodicals that recorded the develop-
ment of the area and the people who
lived there, although you may have to
visit in person to look at the original
material if it has not been scanned.
(Some libraries also offer free access to
the commercial genealogy services.)
As settlements grew, local historians
often wrote books that chronicled that
development and its founding families.
Many of these volumes are now dig-
itized in the public domain; search
Google Books or the Internet Archive
for the town or county in question.
Your relatives may also appear in the
vital records bureaus of the states
where they lived. The RootsWeb site
offers tips on searching in its Red Book
collection of American state, county
and town resources.
And finally, if burial was the family
tradition, try the Find a Grave site, a
searchable database of cemeteries; like
Newspapers.com, it’s owned by Ances-
try. The site is still growing and often
includes published obituaries and pho-
tos of grave sites so you can remotely
visit and see where your ancestors
ultimately landed.
A search on the Find a Grave site might
lead you right to a relative’s plot.

Bayer Agrees to Pay $10 Billion to Settle Claims That a Weedkiller Causes Cancer
FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE
Roundup, is safe, effective and
better than available alternatives.
The settlement covers an esti-
mated 95,000 cases and includes
$1.25 billion for potential future
claims from Roundup customers
who may develop the form of can-
cer known as non-Hodgkin’s lym-
phoma.
The company is taking a calcu-
lated risk that the benchmark set-
tlement will largely resolve its le-
gal problems. Bayer still faces at
least 30,000 claims from plaintiffs
who have not agreed to join the
settlement.
Werner Baumann, Bayer’s
chief executive, said that the two
critical conditions for a settlement
were that it was financially rea-
sonable and that it would bring
closure to the litigation.
“We are totally convinced” this
does both, Mr. Baumann said in an
interview on Wednesday. There is
money put aside for existing
claimants outside of the agree-
ceive payments of $5,000 to 2015 when the International
$250,000, according to two people Agency for Research on Cancer,
involved in the negotiations. an arm of the World Health Orga-
The coronavirus outbreak, nization, announced that
which has closed courts across the glyphosate could “probably”
country, may have pushed the cause cancer.
plaintiffs and the company to Monsanto denounced the find-
come to an agreement. ings, arguing that years of re-
“The pandemic worked to the search in laboratories and in the
advantage of settlement because field had proved glyphosate’s
the threat of a scheduled trial was safety. Regulators in a string of
unavailable,” Mr. Feinberg said. countries in Asia, Australia, Eu-
Talks began more than a year rope and North America have
ago at the prompting of Judge mostly backed Monsanto’s — and
Vince Chhabria of U.S. District now Bayer’s — position.
Court in San Francisco, who was The longest and most thorough
overseeing hundreds of federal study of American agricultural
Roundup lawsuits. workers by the National Institutes
Judge Chhabria appointed Mr. of Health, for example, found no
Feinberg to lead negotiations for association between glyphosate
and overall cancer risk, though it
an agreement that would include
did acknowledge that the evi-
all the cases, including thousands
of others filed in state courts and dence was more ambiguous at the
JOSH EDELSON/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
other jurisdictions. highest levels of exposure.
The $1.25 billion set aside for fu- The Environmental Protection
ture plaintiffs will be applied to a Agency ruled last year that it was
class-action suit being filed in a “false claim” to say on product
Judge Chhabria’s court on behalf labels that glyphosate caused can-
of those who have used Roundup cer. The federal government of-
and may later have health con- fered further support by filing a le-
essence, was asking whether
glyphosate has the potential to
cause cancer. Its researchers
judged the chemical “probably
carcinogenic to humans,” and
added it to a list that already in-
cluded beef, pork, mobile phone
use, dry cleaning and working
night shifts. Glyphosate escaped a
stronger classification — “carcin-
ogenic to humans” — that in-
cludes bacon, red wine, sun expo-
sure, tobacco and plutonium.
Government regulators, by
contrast, are looking at the risk
that glyphosate will actually
cause cancer given most people’s
levels of exposure. Sharks, for ex-
ample, are potentially dangerous.
But people who stay out of the wa-
ter are not at much risk of being
attacked.
In court, lawyers argued over
the available scientific evidence.
Perhaps most damaging for the
defendants, though, were revela-
tions that reinforced Monsanto’s
image as a company that people
love to hate.

95,000
The approximate number of cases
covered by the settlement.
ment, he said, and a structure to
deal with future claimants that
could emerge.
Fletch Trammell, a Houston-
based lawyer who said he repre-
sented 5,000 claimants who de-
clined to join, disagreed. “This is
nothing like the closure they’re
trying to imply,” he said. “It’s like
putting out part of a house fire.”
But Kenneth R. Feinberg, the
Washington lawyer who oversaw
the mediation process, said he ex-
pected most current claimants to
eventually sign on to the settle-
ment.
“In my experience, all those
cases that have not yet been set-
tled will quickly be resolved by
settlement,” said Mr. Feinberg,
best known for running the fed-
eral September 11th Victim Com-
pensation Fund. “I will be sur-
prised if there are any future tri-
als.”
Bayer said the amount set aside
to settle current litigation was $8.8
billion to $9.6 billion, including a
cushion to cover claims not yet re-
solved. It said the settlement in-
cluded no admission of liability or
wrongdoing.
Individuals, depending on the
strength of their cases, will re-
cerns.
Part of the $1.25 billion will be
used to establish an independent
expert panel to resolve two criti-
cal questions about glyphosate:
Does it cause cancer, and if so,
what is the minimum dosage or
exposure level that is dangerous?
If the panel concludes that
glyphosate is a carcinogen, Bayer
will not be able to argue otherwise
in future cases — and if the ex-
perts reach the opposite conclu-
sion, the class action’s lawyers
will be similarly bound.
Pressure on Bayer for a settle-
ment has been building over the
last year after thousands of law-
suits piled up and investors grew
more vocal about their discontent
with the company’s legal ap-
proach.
Just weeks after the deal to pur-
chase Monsanto was completed in
2018, a jury in a California state
court awarded $289 million to De-
wayne Johnson, a school grounds-
keeper, after concluding that
glyphosate caused his cancer.
Monsanto, jurors said, had failed
to warn consumers of the risk.
In March 2019, a second trial,
this time in the federal court in
San Francisco, produced a similar
outcome for Edwin Hardeman, a
homeowner who used Roundup
on his property, and an $80 million
verdict.
Two months later, a third jury
delivered a staggering award of
In 2018, a California jury awarded $289 million to Dewayne Johnson, top, a
school groundskeeper, after concluding that glyphosate caused his cancer.
Above, Edwin Hardeman, with his wife, Mary, won an $80 million verdict.
more than $2 billion to a couple,
Alva and Alberta Pilliod, who ar-
gued that decades of using Round-
up caused their non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma.
“Plaintiffs have gone to the
plate three times and hit it out of
the park,” Ms. Engstrom at Stan-
ford said. “When you see they’re
batting a thousand, and thou-
sands more cases are waiting in
the wings, that spells a very bleak
picture for Monsanto.”
All three monetary awards
were later reduced by judges and
Bayer appealed the verdicts, but
the losses rattled investors and
the stock price tumbled sharply.
Those cases are unaffected by
JEFF CHIU/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Wednesday’s settlement.
Glyphosate was introduced in
1974, but its journey to becoming
the world’s No. 1 weedkiller
gained momentum in 1996 after
Monsanto developed genetically
modified seeds that could survive
Roundup’s concentrated attacks
on weeds.
Farmers quickly latched onto
the agricultural products to re-
duce costs and increase crop
yields. In the United States, for ex-
ample, 94 percent of soybean
crops and roughly 90 percent of
cotton and corn now come from
genetically altered seeds.
But long-simmering anxieties
over possible hazards exploded in
gal brief on the chemical manufac-
turer’s behalf in its appeal of the
Hardeman verdict. It said the can-
cer risk “does not exist” according
to the E.P.A.’s assessment.
Then in January, the agency is-
sued another interim report,
which “concluded that there are
no risks of concern to human
health when glyphosate is used
according to the label and that it is
not a carcinogen.”
This week, a federal judge in
California referred to the agency’s
pronouncement when it ruled that
the state could not require a can-
cer warning on Roundup, writing
that “that every government reg-
ulator of which the court is aware,
with the exception of the I.A.R.C.,
has found that there was no or in-
sufficient evidence that
glyphosate causes cancer.”
Critics have countered that reg-
ulators based their conclusions on
flawed and incomplete research
provided by Monsanto. Several
cities and districts around the
world have banned or restricted
glyphosate use, and some stores
have pulled the product off its
shelf.
Part of the discrepancy be-
tween the international agency’s
conclusions and so many other in-
vestigators’ findings is related to
differences in the questions that
were asked and the way the data
was selected and analyzed.
The international agency, in
Monsanto’s aggressive tactics
to influence scientific opinion and
discredit critics undercut the com-
pany’s credibility. It had taken aim
at hundreds of activists, scien-
tists, journalists, politicians and
even musicians. At one point, a
team monitored Neil Young’s so-
cial media postings after he re-
leased an album, “The Monsanto
Years,” in 2015 and a short film
that attacked the company and ge-
netically modified food.
“Monsanto didn’t seem con-
cerned at all about getting at the
truth of whether glyphosate
caused cancer,” Judge Chhabria of
the U.S. District Court in San
Francisco said when he reviewed
the Hardeman verdict last sum-
mer.
With Bayer’s purchase in 2018,
the Monsanto brand ceased to ex-
ist, but the shadows over one of its
marquee products persisted.
Bayer announced Wednesday
that it would separately spend up
to $400 million to settle claims
stemming from another Mon-
santo chemical, dicamba, that can
drift after it is sprayed and dam-
age other crops. Bayer also put
aside $820 million to settle long-
standing lawsuits related to toxic
chemicals in the water supply
known as PCBs — for polychlori-
nated biphenyls — that were
banned in the United States four
decades ago.
 B8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020

Weather Report Meteorology by AccuWeather

60s
Vanccouver 6
60s Metropolitan Forecast Record
5
50s 60s highs
Regina TODAY .......................Spotty thunderstorms
Seatt
Seattle
Se Winnipeg
n
80s Quebecc
Spok e
Spokane
High 85. It will be moderately warm, with
90ss H
Halifax
80s low humidity. A weak front can bring
70s Montreal
Por
Po
orrtland Helena Bismarck Por
Portland
afternoon thunderstorms. Otherwise, the
Fargo Ottawa
Eug
gene Billlings Burlington
n nM
ngto Man
anc
nchester
day will be partly sunny.
Boise
B
Bois
se B
Boston
70ss 60s
M
Minneapolis
Toronto
To Albanyy TONIGHT ..............................................Clear 90°
80s St. P
Paul
90s Buffalo Hartford
artford
Pierre
e
Sioux Falls
ls Milwauke
ee
Detroit
itt
Low 69. Any spotty thunderstorms will
New York quickly dissipate in the evening. The rest
Casper L 80s 70s
Philad
Phi delphia
Reno Salt
a t Lake
La
ake
e Des Moines Chicago Clevela
eland
ela Pittsburgh of the night will be dry under a clear sky,
City Omaha
San
an
nFFrancisco
anc co
Ch
Ch
heyenne
eyenn Washingto
ashington
hi and with a light breeze. Normal
Springfield
d Indianapolis
a highs
Denver
9
90s Kansas Richmond
nd TOMORROW ..........Mostly sunny and warm
Topeka City 90ss
90 Charleston
harles
harlest
e
80°
Fre
esn
n
no Las
Ve
Vegas
egas
70s Colorado
lo 90s St.. Louis
ou Louisville L Norfolk
N High 88. High pressure will control the
Sp
prings Rale
Raleigh
Wichita weather. The result will be a rain-free day,
Los
os Angeles
An H Santa Fe
San Nashville
e Cha
Charlotte
Ch with more sunshine than clouds. It will be
Oklahoma
homa City
Cit Memphis very warm, but not too humid.
Albuquerque
erqu Little Rock
Sa
an Die
an Diego Columb
bia
100+ Phoen
Ph oenix
oeni
Lubbock
Attlanta SATURDAY ............................Hot and humid
Birmingham
mingham
ingham
ha
Dallas Jackson Both heat and humidity will rise, making 70°
Tucson El Paso
E Ft. Wo
orth for an uncomfortable day, especially in
70ss 80s
0 J
Jacksonville Normal
Baton R
Rouge
ouge the afternoon. There will be sunshine and
80ss Mo
Mobile lows
Honolulu
olulu
lu
u San Antonio
o
some clouds, with a gentle breeze.
Houston
t New Or
Orlando
H
Hilo S S M T W T F S S M
Orleans Tampa
a SUNDAY
70s 90s 90ss
Corpus Chrristi
Co i H MONDAY ..................Humid, thunderstorms
TODAY
Miami Sunday will yield clouds and sunshine, 60°
Nassau
40s
80s
80s
Mo
onterreyy with showers or thunderstorms and hot
Weather patterns shown as expected at noon today, Eastern time. and humid weather. The high will be 90.
Fa
airbanks
TODAY’S HIGHS
Monday will allow for sunshine, with
60s showers and thunderstorms possible. The Forecast
50s <0 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 100+
Actual range
high will be 88. Record
Anchorag
Anchorage
orage 50s High High
Jun
Juneau H L lows
COLD WARM STATIONARY COMPLEX HIGH LOW MOSTLY SHOWERS T-STORMS RAIN FLURRIES SNOW ICE 50°
FRONTS COLD PRESSURE CLOUDY PRECIPITATION Low Low

Highlight: The Weekend Outlook National Forecast Metropolitan Almanac

A few afternoon showers and thunder- In Central Park, for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday.
Showers storms will dot the eastern Great Lakes
and Ohio Valley and interior Northeast Temperature Precipitation (in inches)
Rain and Mid-Atlantic. More numerous show- Record Yesterday ............... 0.00
L JET STREAM
high 96° Record .................... 1.46
ers and storms will rumble across the (1888)
L Deep South and western Gulf Coast area. 90° 85°
3 p.m.
For the last 30 days
Actual ..................... 1.08
A large plume of Saharan dust will also Normal .................... 4.53
arrive, along much of the Gulf Coast, Normal For the last 365 days
leading to hazy skies and worsening the high 82° Actual ................... 41.17
80° Normal .................. 49.92
air quality. Severe thunderstorms will
H erupt in the northern Plains, bringing the LAST 30 DAYS

threat of damaging wind gusts, hail and Air pressure Humidity

Thunderstorms High ........... 29.76 1 p.m. High ............. 84% 1 a.m.
flash flooding. Sizzling heat and high 70° 74°
Low ............ 29.66 3 a.m. Low .............. 31% 3 p.m.
humidity will also begin to build north 2 a.m. Normal
Unusually Unusually
low 66°
warm cool through much of the Plains. Cooling Degree Days
The West will also stay very hot, with An index of fuel consumption that tracks how
spotty afternoon thundershowers in the 60° TUE. YESTERDAY far the day's mean temperature rose above 65
A storm over southern New England will bring showers and thunderstorms to the Northeast Rockies. The exception will be the imme- Record Yesterday................................................................... 15
and into the eastern Great Lakes region this weekend. Wet weather will also affect the diate West Coast, where conditions will low 52° So far this month...................................................... 196
(1932) So far this season (since January 1) ........................ 240
Pacific Northwest and showers and thunderstorms will erupt along the Gulf Coast. remain comfortable. 50° Normal to date for the season ................................. 221

4 12 6 12 4
p.m. a.m. a.m. p.m. p.m. Trends Temperature Precipitation
Little Rock 85/ 66 0 88/ 71 PC 88/ 68 PC New Delhi 93/ 82 0 99/ 82 T 98/ 84 PC
Cities Los Angeles 81/ 64 0 80/ 63 PC 80/ 63 PC Riyadh 104/ 77 0 108/ 80 PC 111/ 81 PC Average Average
High/low temperatures for the 16 hours ended at 4 Louisville 84/ 65 0 86/ 68 PC 89/ 74 PC Seoul 75/ 70 1.00 78/ 67 R 81/ 69 PC Avg. daily departure Avg. daily departure Below Above Below Above
p.m. yesterday, Eastern time, and precipitation (in inches) Memphis 85/ 69 0 88/ 70 S 86/ 72 T Shanghai 85/ 77 1.29 80/ 74 T 87/ 77 T from normal from normal Last 10 days
for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday. Miami 94/ 81 0.08 93/ 82 PC 92/ 80 PC Singapore 84/ 79 0.48 87/ 78 C 86/ 78 T this month
...................... +2.2° this.........................
year +2.4°
Milwaukee 75/ 60 Tr 82/ 64 PC 86/ 69 PC Sydney 66/ 47 0.03 66/ 47 S 63/ 50 PC 30 days
Expected conditions for today and tomorrow.
Mpls.-St. Paul 78/ 61 0 86/ 68 PC 80/ 65 T Taipei City 95/ 82 0.05 99/ 82 PC 95/ 81 T 90 days
C ........................ Clouds S .............................Sun Nashville 85/ 66 0 87/ 68 PC 87/ 71 T Tehran 101/ 73 0 101/ 75 PC 98/ 72 PC Reservoir levels (New York City water supply) 365 days
F............................. Fog Sn ....................... Snow New Orleans 85/ 78 0.89 87/ 77 T 90/ 79 PC Tokyo 76/ 70 0.39 77/ 72 PC 82/ 74 C
H .......................... Haze SS .......... Snow showers Norfolk 88/ 71 0 81/ 69 T 88/ 72 PC Yesterday ............... 94% Chart shows how recent temperature and precipitation
Oklahoma City 88/ 62 0 89/ 68 PC 90/ 69 PC Europe Yesterday Today Tomorrow
I............................... Ice T............ Thunderstorms Est. normal ............. 97% trends compare with those of the last 30 years.
Omaha 84/ 65 0 92/ 73 PC 87/ 67 T Amsterdam 84/ 60 0 83/ 67 S 86/ 63 S
PC ............. Partly cloudy Tr ......................... Trace Athens 82/ 69 0.01 87/ 73 T 87/ 71 S
Orlando 96/ 76 0 97/ 74 PC 94/ 73 PC
R ........................... Rain W ........................ Windy Berlin 75/ 54 0 81/ 62 PC 82/ 61 T
Philadelphia 87/ 67 0.08 86/ 67 PC 88/ 69 S
Sh ................... Showers –............... Not available Brussels 86/ 60 0 84/ 64 S 86/ 64 S
Phoenix
Pittsburgh
111/
75/
82
55
0 111/ 83 PC
0.05 79/ 60 PC
108/
82/
84
65
S
PC Budapest 77/ 57 0 80/ 64 S 81/ 66 T
Recreational Forecast
N.Y.C. region Yesterday Today Tomorrow
Portland, Me. 78/ 60 0.02 81/ 61 S 79/ 59 PC Copenhagen 75/ 58 0 78/ 64 PC 77/ 64 S
New York City 85/ 74 0 85/ 69 PC 88/ 72 S Portland, Ore. 80/ 61 0 86/ 61 PC 85/ 62 S Dublin 68/ 55 0 71/ 58 T 70/ 52 C Sun, Moon and Planets Beach and Ocean Temperatures
Bridgeport 87/ 70 0 83/ 67 PC 85/ 68 S Providence 85/ 64 0.15 84/ 65 PC 83/ 65 PC Edinburgh 79/ 56 0 78/ 55 PC 72/ 53 T
Caldwell 89/ 72 0.08 88/ 65 PC 88/ 65 S Raleigh 88/ 70 0 85/ 66 T 89/ 69 S Frankfurt 82/ 59 0 81/ 62 PC 86/ 65 S First Quarter Full Last Quarter New
Danbury 84/ 67 0.05 83/ 59 Sh 84/ 58 S Reno 95/ 63 0 93/ 63 S 97/ 67 S Geneva 84/ 59 0 84/ 61 T 83/ 61 PC Today’s forecast
Islip 87/ 70 0.05 84/ 67 PC 85/ 66 S Richmond 88/ 67 0 83/ 64 T 88/ 67 PC Helsinki 82/ 56 0 85/ 59 S 82/ 58 S
Newark 89/ 74 0.05 88/ 68 PC 90/ 67 S Rochester 74/ 57 0.04 78/ 60 PC 84/ 62 S Istanbul 79/ 68 0.25 81/ 70 PC 80/ 68 S
Trenton 86/ 71 0 85/ 64 PC 87/ 64 S Sacramento 97/ 62 0 99/ 61 S 98/ 61 S Kiev 78/ 63 0.05 82/ 59 S 83/ 62 S June 28 July 5 July 12 July 20
White Plains 86/ 69 0.05 84/ 64 PC 86/ 64 S Salt Lake City 95/ 68 0 87/ 63 PC 88/ 66 S Lisbon 79/ 63 0 77/ 60 S 73/ 63 PC 12:43 a.m. 1:32 p.m.
United States Yesterday Today Tomorrow San Antonio 92/ 73 0.17 93/ 72 T 89/ 75 T London 90/ 63 0 89/ 65 S 81/ 59 T Kennebunkport
San Diego 72/ 65 0 71/ 64 PC 72/ 65 PC Madrid 93/ 69 0.16 96/ 66 S 92/ 62 PC Sun RISE 5:26 a.m. Moon R 9:50 a.m. 78/59 Mostly sunny
Albany 85/ 60 0.04 84/ 63 PC 84/ 62 S Moscow 77/ 56 0 79/ 59 PC 82/ 66 S
San Francisco 73/ 56 0 72/ 56 PC 75/ 57 PC SET 8:32 p.m. S 12:05 a.m.
Albuquerque 94/ 65 0 97/ 68 S 95/ 65 PC Nice 79/ 70 0 78/ 68 S 78/ 68 S
San Jose 85/ 59 0 83/ 60 PC 86/ 60 S NEXT R 5:26 a.m. R 11:00 a.m. Cape Cod
Anchorage 62/ 50 0.06 63/ 49 C 64/ 50 C Oslo 82/ 56 0 79/ 56 PC 82/ 60 S 50s
San Juan 88/ 80 0.07 90/ 79 W 90/ 81 T 83/67 Partly sunny
Atlanta 79/ 66 0.20 77/ 69 PC 80/ 68 T Paris 90/ 63 0 91/ 68 S 83/ 64 T Jupiter S 7:11 a.m. Mars R 12:47 a.m.
Seattle 75/ 58 0.02 80/ 58 PC 81/ 59 S
Atlantic City 84/ 70 0.08 81/ 69 PC 84/ 69 PC Prague 66/ 51 0.34 72/ 56 PC 74/ 59 T R 9:43 p.m. S 12:30 p.m.
Sioux Falls 83/ 61 0 88/ 69 PC 82/ 60 T L.I. North Shore
Austin 90/ 70 0.05 93/ 72 T 92/ 73 PC Rome 86/ 62 0 82/ 63 S 84/ 63 S
Spokane 86/ 60 0 83/ 62 PC 87/ 63 PC Saturn S 7:41 a.m. Venus R 3:49 a.m.
Baltimore 86/ 66 0.04 86/ 64 PC 88/ 66 S St. Petersburg 78/ 60 0.07 82/ 63 S 80/ 64 S 85/67 A thunderstorm in spots
St. Louis 83/ 67 0 90/ 72 PC 94/ 75 PC R 10:02 p.m. S 6:03 p.m.
Baton Rouge 80/ 70 0.93 82/ 73 T 87/ 74 PC Stockholm 82/ 56 0 85/ 57 S 82/ 59 S
St. Thomas 90/ 81 0.27 90/ 79 PC 91/ 82 C
Birmingham 79/ 67 0.05 80/ 69 T 82/ 71 T Vienna 73/ 55 0.02 75/ 61 PC 82/ 62 PC L.I. South Shore
Syracuse 79/ 57 0 80/ 61 PC 84/ 63 S Boating
Boise 96/ 63 0 90/ 62 S 92/ 64 S Tampa 94/ 79 0 96/ 80 S 96/ 78 T Warsaw 72/ 59 0.31 79/ 63 PC 81/ 64 T 80/69 A thunderstorm in spots
Boston 84/ 66 0.19 82/ 65 S 83/ 67 PC Toledo 79/ 58 0.05 82/ 58 Sh 88/ 72 PC
North America Yesterday Today Tomorrow From Montauk Point to Sandy Hook, N.J., out to 20
Buffalo 69/ 57 0.04 75/ 61 PC 79/ 64 S Tucson 108/ 76 0 109/ 73 PC 105/ 72 PC N.J. Shore
Burlington 85/ 58 0.13 83/ 61 PC 85/ 62 PC nautical miles, including Long Island Sound and New York 60s
Tulsa 90/ 68 0 92/ 73 S 92/ 75 S Acapulco 85/ 78 0.10 88/ 79 T 90/ 78 T 81/69 A thunderstorm in spots
Casper 90/ 51 0 84/ 47 PC 79/ 50 PC Harbor.
Virginia Beach 84/ 70 0.05 79/ 69 T 85/ 71 PC Bermuda 82/ 75 0.01 81/ 75 PC 81/ 75 PC
Charlotte 86/ 69 0 83/ 65 PC 90/ 66 PC Washington 87/ 71 0 86/ 68 PC 88/ 71 S Edmonton 66/ 55 0.52 76/ 51 PC 71/ 49 Sh Wind will be from the west, then from the south, at under Eastern Shore
Chattanooga 83/ 68 0.01 85/ 70 PC 86/ 69 T Wichita 92/ 67 0 94/ 71 S 96/ 70 PC Guadalajara 80/ 61 0.23 78/ 62 T 77/ 58 T 10 knots. Waves will be a foot or less on Long Island
Chicago 79/ 60 0 84/ 66 PC 91/ 73 PC 84/66 A shower or thunderstorm
Wilmington, Del. 85/ 66 0 84/ 64 PC 87/ 64 S Havana 93/ 76 0 93/ 75 PC 90/ 75 PC Sound and New York Harbor and 2-3 feet. Visibility will be
Cincinnati 80/ 60 0.05 83/ 64 PC 88/ 71 PC Kingston 91/ 78 0 91/ 79 W 91/ 81 W reduced in spotty showers. Ocean City Md. 70s
Cleveland 75/ 59 0.05 79/ 61 PC 84/ 71 PC Africa Yesterday Today Tomorrow Martinique 90/ 76 0 90/ 80 T 89/ 79 W 79/68 A thunderstorm in spots
Colorado Springs 86/ 56 0 88/ 56 PC 77/ 53 T Algiers 88/ 61 0 92/ 66 PC 87/ 65 PC Mexico City 73/ 54 0.05 74/ 56 T 74/ 54 T High Tides
Columbus 78/ 58 0.10 83/ 62 PC 87/ 71 PC Cairo 93/ 73 0 91/ 71 S 94/ 72 S Monterrey 93/ 73 0 92/ 71 PC 89/ 73 T Virginia Beach Color bands
Concord, N.H. 83/ 57 0.15 85/ 57 S 84/ 55 PC Cape Town 68/ 45 0 66/ 53 R 61/ 54 Sh Montreal 78/ 68 0.20 79/ 59 W 79/ 62 PC Atlantic City .................. 11:23 a.m. ............ 11:30 p.m. indicate water
79/69 A shower or thunderstorm
Dallas-Ft. Worth 88/ 68 0 89/ 71 PC 91/ 72 PC Dakar 91/ 79 0 87/ 79 PC 86/ 78 S Nassau 90/ 77 0.15 89/ 78 PC 89/ 79 PC Barnegat Inlet ............... 11:43 a.m. ............ 11:49 p.m. temperature.
Denver 90/ 61 0 91/ 55 PC 78/ 55 T Johannesburg 66/ 36 0 63/ 40 PC 63/ 40 PC Panama City 88/ 75 0.23 88/ 72 T 87/ 75 T The Battery ................... 12:24 p.m. ......................... ---
Des Moines 81/ 60 0 87/ 72 PC 87/ 69 T Nairobi 75/ 58 0 74/ 54 PC 74/ 58 PC Quebec City 76/ 68 1.58 74/ 55 W 76/ 57 PC Beach Haven ................ 12:20 a.m. .............. 1:13 p.m.
Detroit 77/ 58 0 80/ 60 PC 86/ 70 PC Tunis 91/ 66 0 95/ 72 S 95/ 72 S Santo Domingo 90/ 74 0 91/ 75 T 91/ 76 T Bridgeport ...................... 2:41 a.m. .............. 3:22 p.m.
El Paso 98/ 73 0 101/ 75 PC 103/ 76 C Toronto 73/ 59 0 78/ 61 PC 83/ 68 S City Island ....................... 2:22 a.m. .............. 3:02 p.m.
A sunny and mild day will unfold along the
Fargo 82/ 62 0 88/ 65 T 82/ 59 C Asia/Pacific Yesterday Today Tomorrow Vancouver 66/ 60 0.19 70/ 56 PC 68/ 57 Sh
Hartford 87/ 62 0.04 85/ 61 S 86/ 60 PC Baghdad 108/ 81 0 106/ 77 PC 111/ 80 PC Fire Island Lt. ................ 12:41 p.m. ......................... --- New England beaches, with low humidity
Winnipeg 77/ 52 0 80/ 64 T 80/ 58 PC
Honolulu 87/ 76 0 87/ 72 PC 88/ 75 S Bangkok 95/ 79 0.08 95/ 80 T 95/ 79 PC Montauk Point .............. 12:23 a.m. .............. 1:07 p.m. and a gentle breeze. Elsewhere, there will
Houston 82/ 72 1.20 86/ 73 T 88/ 76 PC Beijing 91/ 64 0.39 80/ 68 T 87/ 69 PC South America Yesterday Today Tomorrow Northport ....................... 2:44 a.m. .............. 3:20 p.m.
Indianapolis 79/ 59 0 83/ 64 PC 87/ 71 PC Damascus 93/ 57 0 96/ 61 PC 98/ 63 PC Buenos Aires 57/ 51 0.06 54/ 40 S 54/ 40 PC Port Washington ............. 2:31 a.m. .............. 3:06 p.m. be clouds and sunshine, with showers or
Jackson 79/ 67 1.31 80/ 69 T 87/ 70 PC Hong Kong 91/ 84 0.26 91/ 83 T 92/ 83 C Caracas 86/ 74 0 86/ 75 PC 85/ 74 T Sandy Hook .................. 11:55 a.m. ............ 11:57 p.m. thunderstorms in spots. These can occur
Jacksonville 93/ 70 0 95/ 74 PC 95/ 73 PC Jakarta 88/ 76 0 92/ 75 PC 92/ 76 C Lima 65/ 60 Tr 66/ 60 PC 66/ 60 PC Shinnecock Inlet ........... 11:35 a.m. ............ 11:50 p.m.
Kansas City 84/ 67 0 89/ 71 PC 90/ 69 PC Jerusalem 82/ 60 0 79/ 64 S 82/ 63 S Quito 68/ 47 0.03 70/ 50 R 67/ 49 Sh Stamford ........................ 2:42 a.m. .............. 3:18 p.m.
at any time near Virginia Beach, but are
Key West 91/ 84 0 90/ 82 PC 89/ 82 T Karachi 99/ 84 0 98/ 87 PC 97/ 88 S Recife 84/ 75 0.07 85/ 72 PC 85/ 74 S Tarrytown ....................... 1:08 a.m. .............. 2:13 p.m. more likely in the afternoon farther north.
Las Vegas 107/ 82 0 106/ 83 PC 102/ 83 S Manila 95/ 82 0.01 95/ 81 T 95/ 81 C Rio de Janeiro 79/ 66 0 83/ 71 PC 79/ 70 PC Willets Point .................... 2:24 a.m. .............. 3:06 p.m.
Lexington 81/ 60 Tr 83/ 63 PC 85/ 70 T Mumbai 90/ 81 0.14 91/ 82 C 91/ 81 T Santiago 54/ 38 0.30 54/ 38 PC 58/ 39 C

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SCORES ANALYSIS COMMENTARY
The Race Is Over Before It Begins
1970 Gary Muhrcke, the first-place finisher, nearing the tape at the first New York City Marathon, which was run entirely in Central Park.
2019 Thousands of runners pounded their way across the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge at the start of the five-borough race.
By MATTHEW FUTTERMAN
A public health crisis that has proved
to be treacherous for large events
claimed two more of the world’s biggest
marathons on Wednesday, with organ-
izers in New York and Berlin canceling
their races this year because of the
spread of the coronavirus.
The cancellations left the sport with-
out three of its six most important races
in 2020 — the Boston Marathon was
called off in May — and increased con-
cerns that interruptions to the endur-
ance sports world would continue until
there was a medical solution to the cri-
sis.
The New York City Marathon, one of
the most prestigious and lucrative
events of its kind, would have celebrat-
ed its 50th anniversary in November. It
is one of the highlights of fall in New
York and a spectacle for endurance
sports, attracting more than 50,000 run-
ners, 10,000 volunteers and roughly a
million fans, who line nearly every ac-
cessible yard of the 26.2-mile course
through the five boroughs.
City officials and New York Road
Runners, which owns and organizes the
event, decided holding the race this
year would be too risky. Public health
experts have said mass events, espe-
cially those that bring people together
from across the globe, will remain a
danger until a treatment or a vaccine for
Covid-19, the disease caused by the vi-
rus, is widely available, a stance that
makes it difficult to envision major pub-
lic marathons coming back without one.
“At some point, we are going to be
waiting for runners on finish lines
again,” said Michael Capiraso, the chief
executive of New York Road Runners.
The Pandemic Forces New York
And Berlin to Cancel Their Marathons
He said he and other organizers had
held out hope that their race could hap-
pen. They decided to cancel it before
having to spend more money to orga-
nize it.
“There was hope, but that turned to
uncertainty, and given what we have
seen the past months, this was really
the only decision,” Capiraso said.
White House officials have issued
warnings about another wave of infec-
tions this fall. And while infection rates
in the New York metropolitan area are
now among the lowest in the country,
the virus is spreading at concerning
rates in areas that have not heeded the
advice of public health officials to con-
tinue to practice social distancing, avoid
public gatherings and wear masks. As
of Wednesday, cases were rising in 27
states over the previous two weeks.
Following coronavirus health guide-
lines while holding a major race is sim-
ply impossible, leaving the endurance
sports business economically devastat-
ed this year.
“I worry about their ability to get
through the pandemic,” Rich Harsh-
barger, the chief executive at Running
U.S.A., an industry trade group, said of
the organizations that manage races.
“The question isn’t how do we respond,
it’s how do we get through this?”
Runners who had signed up for this
year’s race in New York will be able to
receive a refund or to defer their entry
to the race during the next three years.
They will also have the option to run the
race virtually from Oct. 17 to Nov. 1. Or-
ganizers said they would announce de-
tails of the virtual event in July.
In the New York marathon, the run-
ners and thousands of volunteers are
transported to a starting line village at
Fort Wadsworth on Staten Island,
where they huddle and wait for hours to
be called to the start at the foot of the
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge. The run-
ners then cram into a series of starting
corrals while they wait for a cannon
sound to signal the start of the race.
Remaining six feet apart simply can-
not happen.
Organizers canceled the race once be-
fore, in 2012, after Hurricane Sandy
hammered the region just days before
the race. They decided against having
only an elite field this year in part be-
cause they feared crowds would gather
on the streets and because of the uncer-
tainty of international runners being
able to travel to the United States.
The London and Chicago marathons
remain scheduled for the fall, but organ-
izers have yet to commit to holding
them. The Tokyo Marathon went for-
ward in early March with only elite run-
ners, but that is not a long-term solu-
tion; without ticket sales in the sport,
organizers need money from casual
participants to help pay for the elite
field’s appearance fees and prize
DON HOGAN CHARLES/THE NEW YORK TIMES
BENJAMIN NORMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
money.
New York Road Runners carries can-
cellation insurance for the marathon,
which will help ease a significant blow.
The marathon is the signature event
and among the main revenue genera-
tors for the organization, which collects
a little more than $100 million each year
but had to cancel two other major
events in the spring: the New York City
and Brooklyn half marathons. Accord-
ing to tax filings, those races accounted
for the bulk of the running organiza-
tion’s $41 million in race entry fees in
2018, the last year for which figures are
available.
When the race was canceled in 2012,
the organization infuriated runners by
insisting until just two days before the
race that it would take place. By then,
thousands of runners had traveled from
across the United States, Europe and
Asia, only to have to return home with-
out racing after training for months.
The cancellation was a major disap-
pointment for Aliphine Tuliamuk, who
won the U.S. Olympic marathon trials in
February. After the Tokyo Games,
which have been postponed a year, to
2021, she had planned to run New York,
where she proved to herself in 2017 and
2019 that she could be a world-class
marathoner. When the Olympics were
postponed, she wanted to use New York
to stay sharp ahead of the Games in
2021.
Without a race on the horizon, she
said she was “training for the love of
training.”
“I sort of knew this was coming,” Tu-
liamuk said. “After what we have been
through the past four months, it’s the
right call.”
THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020 B9
N
Now, There’s
No Spitting
In Baseball
By JAMES WAGNER
Coronavirus testing every other day
for players and coaches. Wet rags for
pitchers’ pockets to prevent them from
licking their fingers. Masks in the dugout
and bullpen for any non-players. And no
public transportation to the stadium,
communal food spreads, saunas, fight-
ing, spitting, smokeless tobacco or sun-
flower seeds.
Got all that?
These are among the many new rules
that Major League Baseball teams will
have to follow for the shortened 2020
season. This week, after months of hag-
gling over pay and how many games to
play, M.L.B. and the players’ union com-
pleted their season plan, including a 113-
page operations manual that will govern
this unprecedented 60-game season
without fans in the stands.
“There’s a lot of stuff to get used to,”
Mets pitcher Seth Lugo said.
Unlike some other professional
leagues that will play in a single, seques-
tered environment, M.L.B. will play
games at teams’ home stadiums, with
the regular season beginning either July
23 or 24 after a second round of spring
training starting July 1.
Even before any players have offi-
cially reported to their camps, several
teams — including the Philadelphia
Phillies, the Toronto Blue Jays, the Col-
orado Rockies and the Yankees — have
reportedly had positive coronavirus
tests among their players and staff mem-
bers.
“This is a challenging time, but we will
meet the challenge by continuing to
work together,” read part of the introduc-
tion to the M.L.B. manual, a copy of
which was obtained by The New York
Times. “Adherence to the health and
safety protocols described in this manual
will increase our likelihood of being suc-
cessful.”
Dr. Michael Saag, an infectious dis-
eases expert at the University of Ala-
bama at Birmingham, commended base-
ball’s health and safety plan, calling it
“fairly detailed” in a telephone interview
on Wednesday.
“A player’s risk, based on what they’re
planning, is probably greater for acquir-
ing this infection in the community than
while engaged in baseball-related activi-
ties,” Saag said.
To facilitate testing, the Sports Medi-
cine Research and Testing Laboratory,
which normally helps run the league’s
antidoping testing, has converted a por-
tion of its space for virus tests, promising
a 24-hour turnaround on results.
Before arriving at spring training,
players and key staff members must be
screened for any symptoms and poten-
tial exposure to the virus, as well as a
separate examination that includes a sa-
liva or oral/nasal swab test and a blood
sample for an antibody test.
During spring training and the season,
players and select staff members will
have their temperatures and symptoms
checked twice per day at club facilities.
Those with temperatures at or above
100.4 degrees will not be allowed to enter
a team facility.
Players and on-field personnel will be
tested for the virus every other day,
while other key staff members will be
tested “multiple times per week.” Anti-
body testing will happen about once a
month.
If anyone tests positive for the virus,
he or she will receive medical attention
and be required to self-isolate. Contact
tracing will be conducted and the team
facility will be disinfected.
Teams’ medical staffs must identify
players and key staff members who are
at higher risk of contracting the virus —
because of age or medical history, for ex-
ample — or who live with someone who
is at a higher risk. Those individuals
could receive special treatment, like sep-
arate travel arrangements.
If a higher-risk player still wants to opt
out of playing this season after consult-
ing with the team doctor, he would be
placed on the “Covid-19 Related Injured
List” and would still receive service time
and pay. The Covid-19 list will have no
time limits and will also be open to play-
ers who test positive for the virus, were
exposed to a confirmed case or exhibit
symptoms.
The manual includes 11 pages of dia-
grams to ensure social distancing during
on-field drills and in dugouts, batting
cages and bullpens. Among the other
measures in the manual:
■ Players should keep at least six feet
away from one another in the clubhouse;
■ Players are “discouraged but not pro-
hibited” from showering in the club-
house;
■ Clubhouse food must be served in indi-
vidual to-go containers;
■ Players (or managers) who leave their
positions to argue with umpires or come
within six feet of them or an opposing
player or manager face ejection and dis-
cipline;
■ Any ball in play or touched by multiple
players will be replaced;
■ Hotel room visits are permitted for
only other members of a traveling party
or immediate family.
B10 N THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
SOFTBALL
Team’s Tweet Knicks Hire Outsider to Help Their Inside Game
To President
Leads Players
To Quit Series
By NATALIE WEINER
For a few hours this week, soft-
ball had a shot at something it has
pursued for decades: the spot-
light. The USSSA Pride and Scrap
Yard Fast Pitch, two independent
professional softball teams that
feature some of the top players in
the world, began what was sup-
posed to be a seven-game series in
Melbourne, Fla., facing little com-
petition from other live sports.
Instead, the first day of the se-
ries ended with all 18 players for
Scrap Yard Fast Pitch cleaning out
their lockers and pledging to
never play again for the organiza-
tion, after its general manager
bragged to President Trump on
Twitter during the game that the
team was standing during the na-
tional anthem.
The tweet, sent from the team’s
official account by Connie May,
the team’s general manager, said:
“Hey @realDonaldTrump Pro
Fastpitch being played live . . . Ev-
eryone standing for the FLAG!”
Trump has frequently criticized
athletes who kneel during the na-
tional anthem to protest racial in-
justice and police brutality, a
movement started by quarter-
back Colin Kaepernick in the
N.F.L. that spread throughout the
league and led to bitter divisions
among sports fans.
After Monday’s game, players
said, they returned to the locker
room to discover a slew of text
messages and alerts about May’s
post.
“It was a shock,” said pitcher
Cat Osterman, 37, an Olympic gold
medalist. “An actual, genuine,
speechless shock took over our
locker room.”
Then the players started talk-
ing to one another, pinpointing
what they felt was most troubling
about the post: that May had spo-
ken for all of them without their
consent, and that she ascribed po-
litical intent to their actions dur-
ing the anthem that suggested op-
position to the Black Lives Matter
movement.
The tweet was quickly deleted,
apparently after it had drawn
backlash online. May and Scrap
Yard Fast Pitch did not respond to
requests for comment.
The players spent an hour dis-
cussing the issue in the locker
room, and decided that they could
no longer play under the Scrap
Yard name. “The more we talked
about it, the angrier I got, and I fi-
nally just said, ‘I’m done, I’m not
going to wear this jersey,’ ” Oster-
man said. “We were used as
pawns in a political post, and
that’s not OK.”
The players were supported in
their decision by the coaching
staff.
It was not the first time that
May’s politics had been a topic of
discussion among the team, which
is made up of 18 women ranging in
age from 22 to 37. When Scrap
Yard released a statement about
the killing of George Floyd while
in police custody in Minneapolis,
it read, “We believe black lives
matter, as do all lives,” causing
some consternation among the
players.
The tweet on Monday, though,
struck a raw nerve. “I never really
thought that she didn’t care about
my life or Kiki’s life until that
post,” said Kelsey Stewart, one of
two black players on the team,
along with Kiki Stokes.
May came to talk with the team,
and again repeated that “all lives
matter,” players said, a phrase
that has been criticized as a way to
invalidate the specific concerns of
black people.
“People got very, very angry,”
said Stewart, 25, who phoned into
the meeting after missing the
game for personal reasons.
Most Scrap Yard players are
white, but Stewart said they still
forcefully challenged May’s com-
ments both directly and on social
media.
“It was nice to know that Kiki,
who’s black, didn’t have to do all
the talking — that I didn’t have to
do all the talking,” Stewart said.
Stewart, who was set to play in
her first Olympics this summer
before the Tokyo Games were
postponed until 2021, said racism
in softball “has been an issue for
me as long as I can remember,”
from assumptions that she plays
outfield or is unusually fast to rac-
ist slurs on social media. The sport
is mostly white, especially at the
highest levels, and after Floyd’s
death that imbalance seemed
more urgent than ever, she said.
“I talked to some of my black
softball sisters like, we can’t be
quiet anymore — it’s not really an
option for us,” Stewart said.
The players said they felt confi-
dent in their decision despite the
fact that Scrap Yard is one of very
few organizations sponsoring top-
tier professional softball teams.
“We’re not going to tolerate that
in our sport,” Osterman said. “It
wasn’t as hard of a decision as ev-
eryone thinks it was, because we
knew it was the right thing to do.”
By SOPAN DEB
The Knicks, persistently in the
market for credibility, clout and
connections, made a move to ad-
dress all three shortcomings on
Wednesday by adding one of bas-
ketball’s best-known outsiders to
the team’s front office.
The new hire, William Wesley, is
more commonly known in N.B.A.
circles by his nickname, World
Wide Wes. He joined the Knicks as
an executive vice president and
senior basketball adviser, the
team said, but already had deep
ties to the organization’s leader-
ship.
Wesley is a longtime associate
of the Knicks’ president, Leon
Rose, a relationship that dates to
their high school days in Cherry
Hill, N.J. Most recently, Wesley
worked as a recruitment consult-
ant for Creative Artists Agency,
where he worked alongside Rose.
“We are very excited to an-
nounce the hiring of William Wes-
ley, someone that I have known
for over 40 years and consider to
be family,” Rose said in a state-
ment. “He is one of the most well-
connected and respected people
in the basketball community and
For Some Players in the League,
There Is Never a Day of Rest
Joe Ingles (2), who has not missed a game since Dec. 16, 2015, dribbling past DeMar DeRozan in February.
By MICHAEL PINA
Little will be ordinary when the
abbreviated 2019-20 N.B.A. sea-
son resumes as expected on July
30. Games will be played at the
Walt Disney World Resort inside a
so-called bubble, a plan that does
away with playoff basketball’s
normal hallmarks of rigorous
travel, home-court advantage and
the motivational fuel provided by
screaming fans.
How it will look and feel to the
participants once they get there is
a mystery. But in an era of basket-
ball defined by load management
— the practice of deliberately
holding stars out of some regular-
season games to keep them
healthy for playoff runs — there
exists a faction of N.B.A. players
who pride themselves on rarely, if
ever, missing a game. They will
now have to navigate their return
without being moored to the grind
of an 82-game season.
At the forefront of that group is
Utah Jazz wing Joe Ingles, 32, who
has played in all of his team’s
games since Dec. 16, 2015, the
longest active streak in the
league. When the season was sus-
pended in March, Ingles quaran-
tined for two weeks with his preg-
nant wife, Renae, and their infant
twins. Everyday life was dis-
rupted overnight, and Ingles,
without any idea when, or if, bas-
ketball would come back, turned
his focus to his family. Every
morning, he made breakfast for
his children, and he tucked them
in at night, enjoying parenting
pleasures that had been mostly
impossible during the season.
His professional life has re-
volved around the same practice-
game-practice-game routine
since he first signed a professional
contract at 17 years old. He has
spent his off-seasons from the
N.B.A. playing for the Australian
national team. In the past few
years, he became one of the
N.B.A.’s ironmen, tightly regulat-
ing his daily regimen to maximize
the amount of basketball he could
play. Before the pandemic, he
made a habit of getting to prac-
tices an hour early so he could get
a massage, stretch and do correc-
tive exercises. After practice, he’d
stay an extra hour for treatment.
“If I knew 10 years ago what I
know now, maybe I would still be
dunking,” he said.
Today, with a full gym at home
PRO BASKETBALL
JOHNNY NUNEZ/WIREIMAGE
William Wesley has long-
standing ties with Leon Rose.
he will be a tremendous asset and
resource to both myself and the
New York Knicks.”
For decades, Wesley has been
known as one of the most powerful
outsiders in the industry. His actu-
al influence has been a source of
much speculation and puzzlement
— he rarely gives interviews or
talks about his business — and
“I’m in a routine,” Tobias Harris said of playing every game.
that includes a treadmill and exer-
cise bike, Ingles has tried to recre-
ate a recognizable groove for him-
self. Every night, he massages
himself after workouts with a vi-
brating foam roller or a massage
gun — he owns several — and
then, usually while watching a
movie in bed with his wife, slips
into NormaTec compression
pants, which aid muscle recovery.
“I had days where I was meant
to lift and I didn’t because it’s hard
to get that motivation when you’re
doing it at your house,” he said.
“I’m not going to a game tomor-
row, I’m not going to a practice to-
morrow. I’m just going to do the
same thing tomorrow. Again.”
A sprinkling of other players
who have similarly committed to
playing full seasons are dealing
with the N.B.A. shutdown and re-
sumption plan in their own way.
Since the league expanded the
schedule to 82 games, its current
normal length, before the 1967-68
season, going the distance has be-
come an increasingly rare
achievement, partially owing to
advances in sports science that
have informed teams about the
myriad harmful consequences
seven straight months of profes-
sional basketball can have on a
human body.
In the 2018-19 season, less than
4 percent of the league (21 play-
ers) appeared in 82 games. Inju-
ries, personal issues, coaches’ de-
cisions and scheduled rest can
take the choice of playing out of a
player’s hands, but those who are
healthy enough to have the option
to play at every opportunity know
they are a rarity.
“It’s very challenging. That’s
why there’s only a few that do it,”
S C O R E B OA R D
SOCCER
BUNDESLIGA
has almost entirely been linked to
his networking ability.
ing the organization toward a suc-
cessful future.”
Team GP W D L GF
t-Bayern . . . . . 33 25 4 4 96
Dortmund . . . . 33 21 6 6 84
RB Leipzig . . . 33 17 12 4 79
GA
32
37
36
Pts
79
69
63
But his meticulously low profile The most pressing decision fac- Monchengladbch 33 19 5 9 64 39 62
Leverkusen . . . 33 18 6 9 60 44 60
belies what many have described ing the Knicks’ front office is who Wolfsburg . . . . 33 13 10 10 48 42 49
as the huge sway he wields in bas- Hoffenheim . . . 33 14 7 12 49 53 49
will be the team’s coach next sea- Freiburg . . . . . 33 12 9 12 44 47 45
ketball.
Before joining C.A.A., the sports
and entertainment giant, a decade
son. On this front, Wesley’s hiring
may provide a signal. One of his
former C.A.A. clients, Tom Thi-
Eintracht . . . . . 33 12 6 15 56
Hertha Berlin . . 33 11 8 14 47
Schalke . . . . . 33 9 12 12 38
Union Berlin. . . 33 11 5 17 38
58
57
54
58
42
41
39
38
Mainz . . . . . . . 33 11 4 18 44 64 37
ago to work alongside Rose, Wes- bodeau, has been heavily linked to Cologne . . . . . 33 10 6 17 50 63 36
ley was already known for his ties Augsburg . . . . 33 9 9 15 44 61 36
the Knicks’ job in recent months. Fortuna Dusseldrf 33 6 12 15 36 64 30
to top N.B.A. figures like LeBron Beyond that, Wesley and Rose, Bremen . . . . . 33 7 7 19 36 68 28
SC Paderborn . 33 4 8 21 35 71 20
James and Michael Jordan, and whose hiring was announced in
t-clinched title
for leading recruitment efforts on March, just before the N.B.A. sus- Tuesday, June 16
behalf of college coaches, espe- pended its season, hope to lever-
Monchengladbach 3, Wolfsburg 0
Bremen 0, Bayern 1
cially John Calipari, who is now at age their relationships with play- Freiburg 2, Hertha Berlin 1
Kentucky. Union Berlin 1, SC Paderborn 0
ers to lure them into making the
Wesley is occasionally seen at Wednesday, June 17
Knicks a prime free-agent desti- Eintracht 2, Schalke 1
major sporting events, often spot- Dortmund 0, Mainz 2
nation again. RB Leipzig 2, Fortuna Dusseldorf 2
ted next to celebrities including Leverkusen 3, Cologne 1
Jay-Z, and he was on the floor in In recent decades, the Knicks Augsburg 1, Hoffenheim 3
have had persistent problems at-
2004 trying to protect Metta San- Saturday, June 20
tracting star players. Aside from
diford-Artest, then known as Ron
Bayern 3, Freiburg 1
trading for and re-signing a will-
RB Leipzig 0, Dortmund 2
Artest, during the brawl that Hoffenheim 4, Union Berlin 0
Fortuna Dusseldorf 1, Augsburg 1
broke out between the Indiana ing Carmelo Anthony in 2011 and
Hertha Berlin 2, Leverkusen 0
Pacers and the Detroit Pistons in 2014 and acquiring Amar’e Mainz 3, Bremen 1
Schalke 1, Wolfsburg 4
Detroit. Stoudemire in 2010, the Knicks Cologne 1, Eintracht 1
“My long history with and re- have mostly swung and missed on SC Paderborn 1, Monchengladbach 3
spect for Jim Dolan and Leon many of their biggest targets. Saturday, June 27
Dortmund vs. Hoffenheim
Rose, as well as the chance to be Last year, Kevin Durant, who Leverkusen vs. Mainz
Monchengladbach vs. Hertha Berlin
part of the New York Knicks, opted to go to the Nets instead of Wolfsburg vs. Bayern
made this an opportunity I the Knicks, said in a radio inter- Eintracht vs. SC Paderborn
Bremen vs. Cologne
wanted to pursue,” Wesley said in view that the “whole brand of the Freiburg vs. Schalke
Augsburg vs. RB Leipzig
a statement. “I look forward to Knicks is not as cool as, let’s say, Union Berlin vs. Fortuna Dusseldorf
joining the current staff and mov- the Golden State Warriors.”
ENGLISH PREMIER LEAGUE
Team GP W D L GF GA Pts
Liverpool . . . . . 31 28 2 1 70 21 86
Man City. . . . . 30 20 3 7 76 31 63
Leicester. . . . . 31 16 7 8
Chelsea . . . . . 30 15 6 9
Man United . . . 31 13 10 8
Wolverhampton 31 12 13 6
Tottenham. . . . 31 12 9 10
59
53
48
44
50
29
40
31
34
41
55
51
49
49
45
Sheffield United 31 11 11 9 30 31 44
Crystal Palace . 31 11 9 11 28 36 42
Everton. . . . . . 31 11 8 12 38 46 41
Arsenal . . . . . . 30 9 13 8 41 41 40
Burnley . . . . . . 30 11 6 13 34 45 39
Newcastle . . . . 31 10 9 12 29 42 39
Southampton . . 30 11 4 15 38 52 37
Brighton . . . . . 31 7 12 12 34 41 33
Watford . . . . . 30 6 10 14
West Ham . . . . 31 7 6 18
28
35
45
54
28
27
Bournemouth . . 31 7 6 18 29 50 27
Aston Villa. . . . 31 7 6 18 36 59 27
Norwich . . . . . 31 5 6 20 25 56 21
Friday, June 19
Norwich 0, Southampton 3
Tottenham 1, Man United 1
Saturday, June 20
Watford 1, Leicester 1
Brighton 2, Arsenal 1
West Ham 0, Wolverhampton 2
Bournemouth 0, Crystal Palace 2
Sunday, June 21
Newcastle 3, Sheffield United 0
Aston Villa 1, Chelsea 2
Everton 0, Liverpool 0
Monday, June 22
Man City 5, Burnley 0
Tuesday, June 23
Leicester 0, Brighton 0
Tottenham 2, West Ham 0
Wednesday, June 24
Man United 3, Sheffield United 0
Newcastle 1, Aston Villa 1
Norwich 0, Everton 1
Wolverhampton 1, Bournemouth 0
Liverpool 4, Crystal Palace 0
Thursday, June 25
Burnley vs. Watford
Southampton vs. Arsenal
Chelsea vs. Man City
Saturday, June 27
Aston Villa vs. Wolverhampton
NATIONAL WOMEN'S
SOCCER LEAGUE
CHALLENGE CUP SCHEDULE
All Times E.D.T.
Saturday, June 27
North Carolina Courage vs. Portland
Thorns, 12:30 p.m. (CBS)
Chicago Red Stars vs. Orlando Pride, 10
p.m.
Tuesday, June 30
JEFFREY SWINGER/USA TODAY SPORTS, VIA REUTERS
Washington Spirit vs. Utah Royals, 12:30
p.m.
OL Reign vs. Sky Blue, 10 p.m.
Wednesday, July 1
Portland Thorns vs. Orlando Pride, 12:30
p.m.
used a nearby field for condition- North Carolina Courage vs. Houston Dash,
10 p.m.
ing drills. Saturday, July 4
“I knew I wasn’t going to take Washington Spirit vs. OL Reign, 12:30 p.m.
Chicago Red Stars vs. Utah Royals, 10
time off, but I didn’t know how p.m.
hard I should go,” Bridges said. Sunday, July 5
Houston Dash vs. Sky Blue, 12:30 p.m.
“Am I just going OD hard for noth- North Carolina Courage vs. Orlando Pride,
10 p.m.
ing? It was awkward because if Wednesday, July 8
the season didn’t come back I Utah Royals vs. OL Reign, 12:30 p.m.
Washington Spirit vs. Portland Thorns, 10
think I was going to keep working p.m.
out and then treat it like the sea- Thursday, July 9
Chicago Red Stars vs. Houston Dash,
son was still there.” 12:30 p.m.
Denver Nuggets guard Monté Orlando Pride vs. Sky Blue, 10 p.m.
Sunday, July 12
Morris, 24, sat zero games during Utah Royals vs. North Carolina Courage,
12:30 p.m.
four years at Iowa State and has Portland Thorns vs. OL Reign, 10 p.m.
not missed one since the start of Monday, July 13
Chicago Red Stars vs. Sky Blue, 12:30 p.m.
the 2018-19 season. “It’s really, re- Washington Spirit vs. Houston Dash, 10
RICH PEDRONCELLI/ASSOCIATED PRESS ally, really important that I stay in p.m.
my rhythm,” he said in an inter-
view. “I’ve always been a guy GOLF
who’s able to find a way. Even
said Houston Rockets forward P.J. WORLD GOLF RANKINGS
when the gyms weren’t open.”
Tucker, 35, who hasn’t missed a Through June 21
A couple of months ago, Morris 1. Rory McIlroy, NIR . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.05
game since 2017. “You get a day off
reached out to Ann Najjar, a box- 2. Jon Rahm, ESP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.11
when the schedule permits.” 3. Justin Thomas, USA . . . . . . . . . . 7.42
ing trainer, on Instagram and 4. Brooks Koepka, USA . . . . . . . . . 7.39
Their motivations vary: Some 5. Webb Simpson, USA . . . . . . . . . 7.11
asked her to fly in from her home
want to defy an injury-prone repu- 6. Dustin Johnson, USA . . . . . . . . . 6.15
in San Diego to work out in his 7. Patrick Reed, USA . . . . . . . . . . . 5.96
tation, fulfill a sense of duty to fans 8. Adam Scott, AUS . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.81
backyard.
and teammates, or avoid perma- 9. Patrick Cantlay, USA . . . . . . . . . 5.80
When the N.B.A. in early June 10. Xander Schauffele, USA . . . . . . . 5.46
nently losing their minutes to a re- 11. Bryson DeChambeau, USA . . . . . 5.42
approved a proposal to send 22 12. Tommy Fleetwood, ENG . . . . . . . 5.40
placement player. Many also cited
teams to play in Florida, concerns 13. Justin Rose, ENG . . . . . . . . . . . 5.23
their love of basketball and an ob- 14. Tiger Woods, USA . . . . . . . . . . . 5.21
about spreading the coronavirus 15. Marc Leishman, AUS . . . . . . . . . 4.66
sessive attentiveness to their
were shared widely among play- 16. Tyrrell Hatton, ENG . . . . . . . . . . 4.64
body as reasons they’ve em- 17. Tony Finau, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.57
ers, including those who see play- 18. Gary Woodland, USA . . . . . . . . . 4.36
braced the monotony that invades 19. Matt Kuchar, USA . . . . . . . . . . . 4.34
ing every game as an obligation.
the N.B.A. lifestyle. 20. Sungjae Im, KOR . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14
“Going into a hub, I think the 21. Louis Oosthuizen, SAF . . . . . . . . 4.13
Since he was traded to the Phil- 22. Shane Lowry, IRL . . . . . . . . . . . 4.05
hardest part for me is I know I’ll 23. Hideki Matsuyama, JPN . . . . . . . 4.02
adelphia 76ers midway through
do the right thing and I’m assum- 24. Abraham Ancer, MEX . . . . . . . . . 4.00
the 2018-19 season, forward Tobi- 25. Paul Casey, ENG . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.92
ing my teammates will, but we’re
as Harris, 27, has checked in with
all relying on 22 teams, 17 players TRANSACTIONS
team staffers to look at his per-
per team,” Ingles said before the
formance analytics, since any de-
league last week distributed an BASEBALL
crease would suggest a need to
113-page guidebook of health pre- M.L.B.
rest to prevent injury. But Harris
cautions needed to make the re- American League
said that taking time off when he BOSTON RED SOX — Signed C Jose Garcia,
sumption work. He worries that a INF Cuba Bess, INF Jake MacKenzie, RHP
feels well enough to compete
player contracting the virus is in- Merfy Andrew, RHP Jacinto Arredondo, RHP
tends to have an adverse effect. Maceo Campbell, RHP Jordan DiValerio, RHP
evitable. “I want to be there to Graham Hoffman, RHP Robert Kwiatkowski,
“I feel if I don’t play, it’s kind of RHP Cole Milam and RHP Brian Van Belle to
play the games with my team, but
like hurting me a little bit,” Harris minor league contracts.
I’m definitely not 100 percent DETROIT TIGERS — Agreed to terms with LF
said in an interview before the Daniel Cabrera on a minor league contract.
comfortable going.” TEXAS RANGERS — Signed RHP Tekoah
shutdown. “I’m in a routine and a
Players and team staff mem- Roby and SS Thomas Saggese to minor
rhythm. That’s the type of guy I league contracts.
bers are expected to remain on the National League
am.” Harris was inactive for the fi-
premises nearly at all times and COLORADO ROCKIES — Agreed to terms
nal game of the 2018-19 regular with OF Zac Veen, LHP Sam Weatherly
cannot enter other people’s hotel and SS Jack Blomgren on minor league
season, but still played in 82 total contracts.
rooms, among other regulations
games after logging 55 with his PITTSBURGH PIRATES — Signed SS Nick
while in Florida. Ingles prioritizes Gonzales to a minor league contract.
former team, the Los Angeles ST. LOUIS CARDINALS— Signed 3B Jordan
his family’s safety at such a pre- Walker to a minor league contract.
Clippers.
carious time, but acknowledges
Phoenix Suns wing Mikal BASKETBALL
that he does not want to let his
Bridges, 23, has not missed a
team or fans down by not playing. N.B.A.
game in his first two seasons as a OKLAHOMA THUNDER — Signed G
“I know people aren’t paying Luguentz Dort to a multi-year contract.
pro. He is disposed to a strict daily
money to come watch me play — N.B.A. G League
routine, and once the season Named Martin Schiller 2019-2020 N.B.A.
they’re coming to watch Donovan G League Dennis Johnson Coach of the
stopped, he immediately mapped
play,” he said, referring to his Year. Named Bart Taylor 2019-2020 N.B.A.
out a plan that could best replicate .G League Basketball Executive of the Year.
teammate Donovan Mitchell.
its physical drudgery while he
“But if I’m healthy and can get out FOOTBALL
was home. Bridges did body
there, then I should play.” N.F.L.
weight exercises and used DETROIT LIONS — Signed G Jonah Jackson.
weights already in his home, and SAN FRANCISCO 49ERS — Signed Jauan
Jennings to a four-year deal.

Noose Incident Recalls Episodes of Racism
By JULIET MACUR
and ALAN BLINDER
Darrell Wallace Jr. said he was
relieved to hear the F.B.I. say he
had not been the target of a hate
crime at Talladega Superspeed-
way last weekend, after a noose
hanging in his garage stall was
found to have been there since at
least last fall.
In a statement on Twitter on
Wednesday, Wallace, known as
Bubba, thanked NASCAR and the
F.B.I. for taking the threat seri-
ously. “We’ll gladly take a little
embarrassment over what the al-
ternatives could have been,” said
Wallace, the sole black driver in
NASCAR’s top series.
The national turmoil over race
and serial injustice has compli-
cated both Wallace’s reaction and
the public’s response to the F.B.I.’s
findings. With the government’s
investigation closed and no
charges filed, Wallace has found
himself all but forced to defend
himself from baseless speculation
that he or his supporters staged
the incident to garner publicity.
While NASCAR characterized
the noose as a pull rope for a ga-
rage door that was “fashioned like
a noose,” some people insisted the
noose was just a rope with a han-
dle, and that Wallace and stock-
car racing executives had overre-
acted. Wallace said on NBC’s “To-
day” show on Wednesday that the
noose was not functional, but that
the sight of it “makes the hair on
the back of your neck stand up.”
The debate over the episode
was hardly deterred by the time-
line of the case, the Justice De-
partment’s conclusions or the his-
tory of a sport that long has bat-
tled racism both inside and out-
side of the garage, including by
fans who proudly flew the Confed-
erate flag at competitions until
Wallace called for NASCAR to ban
it on June 8. NASCAR barred the
battle flag two days later.
Wallace wasn’t the first person
to notice the noose in his garage,
or even the fourth. The accounts
of Wallace and others within
NASCAR indicated that he was at
least the fifth person to be made
aware of the noose after it was
found on Sunday, and that he first
learned about it from Steve
Phelps, NASCAR’s president.
According to racing officials, a
member of Wallace’s crew noticed
the suspicious rope and reported
it to Jerry Baxter, the crew chief
and a fixture of the sport. Baxter
alerted Jay Fabian, a senior
NASCAR official. Ultimately,
Phelps met Wallace at the driver’s
motor home and tearfully told him
what had been found.
F.B.I. agents traveled to Tal-
ladega, less than an hour’s drive
Redskins Cling to Name but Erase Former Owner’s
By KEN BELSON
George Preston Marshall, the
original owner of the N.F.L. team
in Washington that was the last
franchise to integrate its roster,
will have his name removed from
the team’s stadium and website.
The decision comes amid pres-
sure on the team to acknowledge
Marshall’s resistance to signing
and drafting African-American
players and his decision in 1933 to
name the team the Redskins,
which some Native Americans
and others consider a racist term.
On Wednesday, Marshall’s
name was removed from the Ring
of Fame inside FedEx Field, the
team’s stadium in Landover, Md.
The team said it would rename the
lower bowl of the venue for Bobby
Mitchell, the franchise’s first Afri-
can-American star player. Earlier
in the week, Marshall was re-
moved from the team’s “history
wall” at its training facility in Ash-
burn, Va., and the team began “de-
leting him from all aspects of our
website,” according to Sean De-
Barbieri, a team spokesman.
The moves come less than a
week after a memorial of Mar-
shall, which had stood in front of
R.F.K. Stadium, the team’s former
home, was removed by a city
agency after being defaced.
Amid nationwide protests
against police brutality and sys-
tematic racism, statues and mon-
uments of figures with racist pasts
are being criticized, re-examined
and sometimes removed. Sports
teams, too, have reassessed their
monuments, logos and honoring
of past owners.
Outside Target Field in Minne-
apolis, home of the Minnesota
Twins, a statue was removed last
week of the team’s former owner
Calvin Griffith, who had publicly
made racist statements about
black people in 1978 after moving
the team there from Washington.
The Texas Rangers, after consid-
eration this week, said they have
no plans to change their name or
sever ties to the law enforcement
agency with the same name, de-
spite its history of violence toward
Hispanic, Native American and
black people.
In recent years, dozens of
teams have dropped names and
AU T O R AC I N G
Bubba Wallace and his crew preparing for the start of the
NASCAR race at Talladega Superspeedway on Monday.
from Birmingham, and began re-
viewing evidence. A crucial clue
was an assertion on Monday
morning by an employee of Wood
Brothers Racing, another
NASCAR team, that he had no-
ticed the tied rope at a race last
fall, long before Wallace had been
assigned to the garage stall for
this week’s Geico 500.
Through a spokeswoman, the
United States attorney for the
Northern District of Alabama, Jay
E. Town, declined to be inter-
viewed on Wednesday. But the
Justice Department said Tuesday
that officials were certain that the
noose had been in the garage
since at least October, and that
“nobody could have known Mr.
Wallace would be assigned to ga-
rage No. 4” that far in advance.
“The 43 team had nothing to do
with this,” Phelps said in a telecon-
ference with reporters, referring
to Wallace’s Richard Petty Motor-
sports team. He said that
NASCAR was still investigating
who might have tied the noose last
year, or perhaps even earlier.
Hate crime hoaxes are extraor-
dinarily rare. Just 11 of more than
7,000 reported hate crimes in 2018
turned out to be deliberately false
reports, according to data com-
piled by the Center for the Study
of Hate and Extremism at Califor-
nia State University, San
Bernardino. But researchers said
that when potential hate crimes,
reported in good faith, are found
not to have been plainly motivated
by bias or malevolence, observers
are often quick to react with skep-
ticism — and sometimes false ar-
guments — particularly online.
“We are now in a world today
PRO FOOTBALL
logos that referred to Native
Americans, most notably the
Cleveland Indians, which dropped
its Chief Wahoo logo in 2018. This
year’s Super Bowl brought new
scrutiny to the so-called toma-
hawk chop used by the Kansas
City Chiefs to celebrate. The team
said it would work with Native
Americans “to create awareness
and understanding, as well as cel-
ebrate the rich traditions of multi-
ple tribes with a historic connec-
tion to our region.”
The controversy over the Red-
skins’ name is perhaps the most
‘The Redskins are on
an island and the
glaciers are melting.’
fraught in American sports, yet
the team’s current owner, Dan
Snyder, has for years resisted
calls to change it, arguing that the
name represents tradition and is a
term of respect. Though some Na-
tive American groups oppose the
name, many fans of the team still
support it.
“We’ll never change the name,”
Snyder told USA Today in 2013.
“It’s that simple. NEVER — you
can use caps.”
In 2014, the Trademark Trial
Washington’s George Preston Marshall was the last team owner
in the N.F.L. to sign a black player, not doing so until 1962.
THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
CHRIS GRAYTHEN/GETTY IMAGES
where conspiracy theories have
greater currency than facts and
patience,” said Brian Levin, a for-
mer New York City police officer
who is now the director of the San
Bernardino center. “This has be-
come a game of gotcha rather
than an earnest search for truth.”
There was good reason for Wal-
lace and his team to be sensitive to
anything that could be perceived
as racist. His own parents were
concerned for his safety after he
spoke out this month, saying the
Confederate flag was a symbol of
hate, and not heritage. Those
safety concerns were focused on
‘Conspiracy theories
have greater currency
than facts.’
the reaction of fans in the predom-
inantly white sport, but history
has shown that racism also exists
inside the stock-car circuit.
In early 1999, David Scott, one
of two black crew members in
NASCAR, described in a news re-
port that other crew members of-
ten called him names like Leroy
and Lemont, and also called him
racial slurs.
“I expected that coming here,”
Scott, who drove the motor home
for a top owner, told The Orlando
Sentinel. “I just figure that’s the
way it is.”
That harassment culminated
with an incident in July 1999 at
New Hampshire Motor Speed-
and Appeal Board, part of the
United States Patent and Trade-
mark Office, stripped the team of
federal protections for six of its
trademarks. The decision was
largely symbolic because the
team could still use its name and
enforce its trademarks, using
common-law rights.
But in 2017, the United States
Supreme Court ruled that the gov-
ernment may not deny a trade-
mark registration for potentially
offensive names. Snyder celebrat-
ed the decision, which centered on
an Asian-American band called
the Slants that had lost its trade-
mark protection.
N.F.L. Commissioner Roger
Goodell, who has said he grew up
rooting for the team, defended
Snyder in the past. An N.F.L.
spokesman did not return a re-
quest for comment on whether the
league still maintains that sup-
port.
But calls for the N.F.L. to re-
move the name have grown in re-
cent weeks amid heightened scru-
tiny of racism in American society.
This month, Goodell, in a mea
culpa, admitted that the league
had not listened to players who
protested social injustice and po-
lice brutality against African-
American people.
A nonprofit group called Illumi-
Native, whose stated goal is to
challenge stereotypes about Na-
tive Nations, has urged Snyder to
change the team’s name. Some po-
ASSOCIATED PRESS
way, according to a lawsuit Scott
filed against NASCAR in 2006.
Two white employees of top
NASCAR drivers showed up at the
door of his motor home, and one
had pulled a pillowcase over his
head to impersonate a Ku Klux
Klan member, the suit said. When
Scott opened the door, the two
men screamed.
One of the men said, “Hey,
Scotty, we wanted to light the
grass on fire so it would give it a
better effect.” About 10 other mo-
tor home drivers witnessed the in-
cident and laughed, the lawsuit
said. Scott feared for his life.
“What happened with Bubba is
bringing back a lot of bad memo-
ries for both of us,” Scott said on
Wednesday, adding that his wife,
Deirdre, worked for NASCAR in
the licensing department until
2003. “We’ve lost a lot of sleep
over the last few days.”
The two white men involved in
the incident were fired, and
NASCAR reminded teams that it
had a zero-tolerance policy for
racism. Scott’s lawsuit in 2006
claimed that the association had
not given him a job he had been
promised. A judge dismissed the
case in 2008, the same year
NASCAR settled a lawsuit involv-
ing the first black woman to work
as a NASCAR technical official.
That official, Mauricia Grant,
sued NASCAR for $225 million for
racial discrimination, sexual har-
assment and wrongful termina-
tion. In her lawsuit, Grant, who
went by the first name Mo, said
she endured “virulently racist
comments” and “ugly racist big-
otry” by co-workers who called
her names like “Nappy Headed
Mo,” “Mohammed” and “Simple-
ton.” Some fellow officials dis-
cussed the Ku Klux Klan, she said,
and it scared her.
Grant, who didn’t respond to
messages, once rode in a car with
another official at Talladega who
told her to duck. According to
court documents, he said, “I don’t
want to start a riot when these
fans see a black woman in my car.”
Another official at Talladega, the
lawsuit said, “jokingly” threat-
ened to sic the garage’s bomb-
sniffing dog on Grant because she
could be perceived as a criminal.
While Wallace hasn’t directly
faced similar daily racism within
NASCAR, he has acknowledged
that whatever he does or says will
be placed under a microscope and
criticized by fans who might not
want him to be in the sport. While
enduring the backlash from the
noose episode, he has had to re-
mind himself that he can’t please
everybody.
“I will always have haters,”
Wallace said on CNN.
litical leaders in Washington have
also pushed for a change in recent
weeks. “I think it’s past time for
the team to deal with what offends
so many people,” Mayor Muriel E.
Bowser of Washington said.
City officials have said that until
the name is changed they will not
agree to the team building a new
stadium and headquarters inside
the city, where land is owned by
the federal government and
leased to the District. Snyder has
been looking to replace FedEx
Field, where the team has played
since 1997.
The removal of Marshall’s
name and image from the team’s
stadium and its website may be a
way to soothe critics pushing for
the team to re-examine its history.
Marshall bought the Boston
Braves in 1932 and renamed the
team the Redskins the following
year. He moved the team to Wash-
ington in 1937 and was the last
franchise owner in the league to
sign a black player, doing so in
1962 only after the federal govern-
ment threatened to revoke the
team’s lease on its stadium. That
change came a decade and a half
after other N.F.L. teams began
signing and drafting black play-
ers.
Despite the fight over the
team’s name, the Redskins remain
one of the most valuable fran-
chises in sports. The team was
worth $3.4 billion last year, up 10
percent from 2018, according to
Forbes, and its value has contin-
ued to rise though it has won only
one playoff game and two division
titles in the past two decades.
Still, sports marketing experts
say that Snyder now has a rare op-
portunity to embrace criticism
while also making money by re-
naming the team, selling new
merchandise and potentially at-
tracting new fans and sponsors.
“The Redskins are on an island
and the glaciers are melting,” said
Paul Swangard, who teaches
sports brand strategy at the Uni-
versity of Oregon. “But there are
only a handful of teams across the
pro sports landscape that find
themselves with a financial op-
portunity, but also the opportunity
to do the right thing. So why not
marry those two?"
Bryson DeChambeau, who has added 40 pounds and now
weighs 240, routinely hits drives 50 yards past the competition.
That’s Not a Linebacker.
It’s Bryson DeChambeau.
By BILL PENNINGTON
When Bryson DeChambeau ar-
rived on the PGA Tour four years
ago as the reigning United States
amateur champion, all anyone
wanted to talk about were his
many eccentricities in the sport.
A physics major at Southern
Methodist, he was barred by rules
officials from using a protractor
during rounds to accurately deter-
mine hole locations, and he would
soak golf balls in Epsom salts to
determine their center of gravity.
DeChambeau signed autographs
backward with his left hand even
though he is right-handed.
“I’m a total nonconformist; for
me, it’s about going down rabbit
holes,” DeChambeau said in a tele-
phone interview Tuesday. “I have
to chase down the most scientif-
ically efficient way to get the golf
ball in the hole.”
This year, DeChambeau, 26, is
roiling the professional golf world
with his gaudiest experiment yet.
In the past eight months, in-
cluding 90 days when he was
bored while isolating during the
coronavirus pandemic, DeCham-
beau threw himself into an ex-
treme weight lifting routine that
added 40 pounds to his physique,
most of it in his upper body.
DeChambeau is now 240
pounds — the world’s top-ranked
player, Rory McIlroy, is listed at
160 — and routinely hitting drives
50 yards past the competition. His
golf ball often travels at speeds ap-
proaching 200 miles an hour, and
he envisions drives regularly fly-
ing 400 yards. Last week, when he
was hitting balls on a tournament
practice range, he was forced to
back up 15 yards because his shots
were sailing over a mammoth net
meant to protect a neighborhood
hundreds of yards away.
And DeChambeau is not done.
He dreams of getting bigger and
swinging harder during the next
off-season.
“If I could get to 260 pounds and
swing it upward of 210 miles an
hour and control the ball, that
would be amazing,” said DeCham-
beau, one of the favorites at the
Travelers Championship, which
begins Thursday at T.P.C. River
Highlands in Cromwell, Conn.
It is a prediction that might put
a fright in his colleagues who are
already gobsmacked by what they
have seen in the two weeks of
tournaments since the PGA Tour
resumed on June 11.
“It was crazy, it was nuts, it’s un-
believable,” McIlroy said, describ-
ing DeChambeau’s tee shots. “He
hit it like 375 into the wind.”
This being golf, where the ob-
ject is to knock a little ball into a
hole roughly four inches wide,
DeChambeau’s prodigious power
has not yet translated to a victory
this year, although he has four top-
five finishes in his last five events.
Accurate putting still remains an
essential skill, and a balky putter
in the final round of the Charles
Schwab Challenge in mid-June
kept him one stroke behind the
eventual winner, Daniel Berger. A
week later, DeChambeau also
blamed a lack of touch on the
greens for finishing tied for eighth
at the RBC Heritage.
But with his superhero build,
and quirky charisma, there is a
sense in the golf community that
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DeChambeau, who is ranked 11th
in the world and has won five
times on the PGA Tour, may be re-
making the paradigm of a top golf-
er. Will the sport’s future players
be shaped more like N.F.L.
linebackers? And consequently,
will the next generation of young
golfers adopt heavy weight lifting
regimens to mimic DeCham-
beau’s beefy frame?
Social media has already found
a new nickname for a trending
golfer: #DeChambeauFlex.
In many ways, the link between
golf and modern strength training
owes its genesis to Tiger Woods’s
heyday. Woods added muscle in
relentless weight room sessions
and outworked his contemporar-
ies, helping to create a new recre-
ational genre: golf fitness.
Woods’s body also eventually be-
trayed him, leading to multiple
knee reconstructions and four
back surgeries.
Does a similar fate await
DeChambeau?
“I have a concern; I would look
a little deeper into the safety of his
swing,” said Joey Diovisalvi, who
for two decades has trained scores
of pro golfers — including one of
the PGA Tour’s longest hitters,
An iron-pumping
player’s latest physics
experiment: himself.
Dustin Johnson — in the bi-
omechanics of the sport. “It’s im-
portant to understand what the ef-
fects are. Let’s make sure your
body can handle that.”
Diovisalvi, who operates a golf
training center in Jupiter, Fla.,
said he admired how DeCham-
beau had highlighted athleticism
in golf but acknowledged that he
had recently heard from many
young golfers who wondered if
DeChambeau’s regimen was
worth pursuing.
“Lifting too many weights or
having too much load or stress on
tendons, ligaments or skeletal
structure at an early age is dan-
gerous,” Diovisalvi said. “You
have to remember that Bryson is a
grown man.”
DeChambeau insists he is care-
fully monitoring the demands that
his golf swing imparts on his body
with the aid of fitness specialists.
“We have a protocol that I go
through to ensure that my back
and body are OK,” said DeCham-
beau, who then recalled 2017,
when he was ranked 99th.
“I had debilitating back pain,”
he said. “Three years later, I’m 40
pounds heavier and generating 20
or 25 miles an hour more ball
speed. I’m as strong and as good
as I’ve ever been. Clearly, some-
thing is working.”
In the end, however, DeCham-
beau concedes he is doing some-
thing familiar: chasing down an-
other rabbit hole.
“And if I get bit in that hole,
that’s actually a good thing,” he
said. “I’ll learn from it. Most peo-
ple are afraid of failure. I love fail-
ure because it tells me where to go
next.”
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B12 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
3 NEWS 5 BOOK REVIEW

Court will hear Bill Cosby’s Reclaiming a

appeal. BY GRAHAM BOWLEY
2 THEATER
rebellious Victorian
A playwright tells his back woman from the
story. BY ELISABETH VINCENTELLI footnotes. BY PARUL SEHGAL

NEWS CRITICISM THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020 C1

N

HIROKO MASUIKE/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Jon Batiste on the steps

Jon Batiste
By ALAN SCHERSTUHL
Jon Batiste, the jazz pianist and “The Late
Show With Stephen Colbert” bandleader,
has spent the last three weekends marching
of the Brooklyn Library
Star-Spangled Banner.” at a Juneteenth event
“We all know that Francis Scott Key this month.
owned slaves,” Mr. Batiste said of the song’s
lyricist in a Zoom interview last week. In
Mr. Batiste’s hands, the national anthem

Is Taking It
in the streets of New York, leading musi-
cians and protesters through hymns and
songs like “We Shall Overcome” and “Down
by the Riverside.” Those without a horn or
drum sing and, at Mr. Batiste’s exhortation,
seethes, mourns and aspires, drawing on
the rollicking stride piano of Fats Waller
and the volcanic eruptions of Art Tatum.
“The way that Jimi Hendrix took the
song, the way that Marvin Gaye or Whitney

To the Streets
The jazz pianist and ‘Late Show’
bandleader gets his musical message out.
say their names: George Floyd. Breonna
Taylor. And many others.
On June 12, however, Mr. Batiste opened
his protest concert, part of a series called
“We Are,” seated at an upright piano in front
of the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, wearing
a mask and bright-blue protective gloves.
Unaccompanied, surrounded by hundreds
of silent protesters, he dug deep into a song
that he says demands reinvention: “The
took it — that tradition is what I am thinking
of when I play it,” Mr. Batiste, 33, added.
“The diaspora that they infused into it is a
response to the toxic ideologies that are em-
bedded in the song and thus in the culture.”
The history of jazz is in many ways a his-
tory of protest, of celebrating blackness and
insisting on individual freedom. The com-
poser and bass player William Parker, who
CONTINUED ON PAGE C7

ESSAY

Vietnamese Lives, American Imperialist Views Met Museum

Spike Lee’s ‘Da 5 Bloods’ tells Is Grappling
Black soldiers’ stories, but falls
back on Hollywood war tropes. With Protests
By VIET THANH NGUYEN A curator’s remarks prompt
All wars are fought twice, the first time on charges of systemic racism.
the battlefield, the second time in memory.
This is certainly true for what Americans By ROBIN POGREBIN
call the Vietnam War and what the victori-
ous Vietnamese call the American War. The turmoil coursing through cultural insti-
Both terms obscure how a war that killed tutions around the country on the subject of
more than 58,000 Americans and three mil- race has made its way to the biggest mu-
lion Vietnamese was also fought in Laos seum of them all: the Metropolitan Mu-
and Cambodia, killing hundreds of thou- seum of Art.
sands more and leading directly to the Cam- A top curator’s Instagram post that
bodian genocide. seemed critical of the Black Lives Matters
In its own typically solipsistic, American- movement and protests over monuments —
centered, whitewashed fashion, Hollywood shared on Juneteenth — has ignited objec-
has been waging this war on celluloid ever tions by staff members, and a larger inter-
since John Wayne’s atrocious “Green Be- nal critique. On Tuesday, 15 Met staff mem-
rets” in 1968, a film so nakedly propagan- bers sent a letter urging the museum’s lead-
distic it could have been made by the Third ership to acknowledge “what we see as the
Reich. expression of a deeply rooted logic of white
Born in Vietnam but made in America, I supremacy and culture of systemic racism
have a personal and professional interest in at our institution.”
Hollywood’s fetish about this war. Unfortu- The episode is the latest example of how
nately, I have watched almost every “Viet- arts institutions are grappling with issues of
nam War” movie that Hollywood has made. equity and diversity amid protests over the
It’s an exercise I recommend to no one. killing of George Floyd and an intensifica-
Watching “Vietnam War” movies is my DAVID LEE/NETFLIX
tion of activity by the Black Lives Matter
own personal “Groundhog Day” experi- movement.
Spike Lee’s “Da 5 Bloods,” with, from left, Johnny Tri Nguyen (as a Vietnamese guide), Isiah On Sunday, the American Museum of
ence, because I know, without fail, how Hol-
Whitlock Jr., Jonathan Majors, Clarke Peters, Norm Lewis and Delroy Lindo, depicts a brotherhood
lywood will represent the Vietnamese and Natural History in New York announced
of African-American veterans who served together in Vietnam and return in country on a mission.
Americans. For Americans, Hollywood that its equestrian statue of Theodore
CONTINUED ON PAGE C4 CONTINUED ON PAGE C5
C2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020

Megalomania
And Misery
There’s a fervid tone By ELISABETH VINCENTELLI
to David Adjmi’s It took David Adjmi 10 years to write his
new memoir tracing new memoir, “Lot Six” (HarperCollins).
The last four months were spent ensuring
how he became a there were no legal issues.
playwright. “I never wanted to write a roman à clef
but it ended up being that because you can’t
use all these names,” the playwright said re-
cently. “I had enough trouble already,” he
added, laughing.
Perhaps he was alluding to his satire
“3C,” which brought on a legal battle with
the copyright holder of the sitcom “Three’s
Company.” (Adjmi won the case in 2015.) Or
perhaps the reference was to his experience
at Juilliard, when he fell on the bad side of a
teacher he calls Gloria in the book.
Adjmi’s Off Broadway debut, “Stunning,”
in 2009, drew from his childhood in a Syrian-
Jewish enclave in Brooklyn. The “Lot Six”
title refers to a pricing code for three, an odd
number associated with gayness — “as in
three-dollar bill,” he said. The stylized, bit-
ingly funny show, and its author’s unortho-
dox back story, attracted the attention of
HarperCollins. Adjmi, now 47, set out to
compose essays about his cultural influ-
ences, but started sliding toward more per-
sonal territory — a move his publisher en-
couraged.
“They said, ‘You need to make it about
how you became a writer,’ ” he recalled.
Adjmi may be a relatively niche play-
wright (the memoir ends with the closing of
“Stunning”), but his lifelong devotion to art
as an identity-defining tool of self-expres-
sion gives the book a fervid tone that is hard
to resist; his talent for laugh-out-loud funny
set pieces does the rest.
He is the same in conversation, pin-
balling from raucous laughter to tears, and
sending an interviewer to the dictionary to
check out what “agon” means (it’s ancient
Greek for conflict, naturally).
“David is so witty and he’s also quite pre-
cise,” said the actress Cristin Milioti, who
counts “Stunning” as one of the best shows
she’s ever done. “The way he writes is so
rhythmic.”
It’s not a surprise, then, that music fea-
ERIK CARTER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

David Adjmi, above, is known for “Stunning”

(far left, with Charlayne Woodard, left, and
Cristin Milioti) and “Marie Antoinette” (near
left, with David Greenspan and Marin Ireland).

After I left Juilliard, I was so broken. I

SARA KRULWICH/THE NEW YORK TIMES
tures prominently in Adjmi’s new stage
projects. These are edited excerpts from the
conversation, by FaceTime from Los Ange-
les.
Your life has not always gone smoothly but
the Juilliard period, with the instructor you
call Gloria, stands out as a painful low. How
did you recover?
To this day, I talk to my peers about that ex-
perience and they’re like, “No, she likes you,
she cares about you.” I think I was looking
for a certain kind of permission, and I had to
give myself the authority. Art is a disrup-
tion, you’re declaring war in a certain way,
you’re telling everybody else, “This is my
point of view.”
In the acknowledgments you thank the
actress Marian Seldes “for teaching me
what it means to be an artist.” What is that?
I wrote “Elective Affinities” for her and she
did it at Juilliard. I was asked to leave the
program and I sort of had a breakdown. I
was blocked, I was very depressed, I just
felt so lost. One day the phone rang . . . I feel
like I’m going to cry [pause]. It was her. She
said, “I just want you to know that I will al-
ways be part of your circle and you will al-
ways be part of mine.” [He tears up, com-
poses himself.] She was something for me
to latch on to in terms of the idea of the in-
tegrity of an artist. She was so gracious and
generous to me, and I try to do that for
younger artists, to make myself available to
them.
You write about your “essential worthless-
ness as a person.” But it feels as if some-
SARA KRULWICH/THE NEW YORK TIMES
times that feeling blocks you and some-
times it fuels you.
I had this feeling of displacement from
when I was a young kid, and also from being
gay in a very homophobic, Republican cul-
ture in the 1980s. People think, “Oh, homo-
phobia, whatever,” but it was a very, very in-
tense thing. But then I also felt this endoge-
nous, strangely insistent feeling that I did
have worth. I didn’t know if I was delusional
or megalomaniacal, I didn’t understand
why I felt my voice had any value. That al-
terity set in motion a series of experiences
that gave my life meaning and gave me an
advantage that I think is incredibly pre-
cious and hard-won.
What was the impact of “Stunning” in your
old community?
thought, “I’m going to write five plays and
maybe I’ll just pitch myself off a building or
something.” Who would have thought that
Lincoln Center was going to put on this vio-
lent, stylized, crazy play about Syrian Se-
phardic Jews? Some of the people [from
that community] behaved really badly. The
actors would tell me stories of people wait-
ing for them outside of the theater, saying,
“Are you Jewish?” Or people screaming,
“Dyke! Dyke!” That was in the stage man-
ager’s report. It was pretty hard-core.
Your last show in New York was “Marie
Antoinette” in 2013. What have you been up
to since then?
I’m working on a trilogy about 20th-century
American music. One play that’s almost
done is called “The Stumble,” about the
composer Oscar Levant and his obsession
with George Gershwin. Another one, I’m
getting the rights to someone who is alive.
Then there’s “Stereophonic,” which is done
and was supposed to happen on Broadway
next spring but I don’t know now. We’ve
done workshops with Cristin, so who
knows? It’s a four-act play with music about
a 1970s band making an album, which
you’re watching take shape: They’re cut-
ting songs, changing the arrangements,
bringing riffs. And then it’s like Chekhov
where their lives are falling apart. Will But-
ler from Arcade Fire is writing the concept
album. I’m so excited to show it to people —
I’ve worked on it for such a long time and
I’m really proud of it.

A Facebook Shift on Antiquities Sales

Citing looting concerns, the
company will ban the trading
of illegally excavated items.
By TOM MASHBERG
Responding to criticism that its site has be-
come a bazaar for the sale of looted Middle
Eastern antiquities, Facebook said on Tues-
day it would remove any content “that at-
tempts to buy, sell or trade in historical arti-
facts.”
The decision came after archaeologists
and activists who monitor the illicit antiqui-
ties trade said they had identified at least
200 Facebook groups with nearly two mil-
lion members who were using the platform
to find black market buyers and to offer tu-
torials on how best to dig up and deliver the
most sought-after items.
Common examples include burial relics,
stone sculptures, mosaics and in some in-
stances entire sarcophagi from Syria,
Egypt, Iraq and North Africa.
Greg Mandel, public policy manager at
Facebook, said, “We’ve long had rules pre-
venting the sale of stolen artifacts.” But, he
added, “To keep these artifacts and our us-
ers safe, we’ve been working to expand our
rules, and starting today, we now prohibit
the exchange, sale or purchase of all histori-
cal artifacts on Facebook and Instagram.”
The Facebook policy defines historical
artifacts as “rare items of significant his-
torical, cultural or scientific value” that in-
clude ancient funerary items, coins, tomb-
stones, engraved seals, scrolls and manu-
scripts.
In many cases, according to video footage
obtained by the Antiquities Trafficking and
Heritage Anthropology Research Project —
an investigative study endeavor led by an-
tiquities experts — the middlemen running
the Facebook groups give real-time instruc-
tions to looters on which items to excavate
and steal.
Katie Paul, co-director of the project, said
in an interview: “They literally will post pic-
tures from auction catalogs and say, ‘See,
this is how much this stuff can sell for, so go
for it guys.’” Online traffickers, she added,
will also try to reassure illicit buyers that
they are getting genuine items by posting
photos or videos showing the objects being
unearthed in situ.
Ms. Paul said buyers and sellers will use
coded language to discuss the antiquities,
then move to an encrypted app where they
can complete the deal. The Twitter feed for
the investigative project she helps direct
features screenshots and videos from Face-
book pages showing brazen instances of
looting and thousands of objects put up for
sale.
Ms. Paul and her co-director, Amr al-
Azm, a professor at Shawnee State Univer-
sity in Ohio, have been capturing images
and video from the Facebook groups for
several years. In a report last year titled
“Facebook’s Black Market in Antiquities,”
the pair said, “Facebook has become a
sprawling digital black market, facilitating
illicit trade in antiquities from across the
Middle East and North Africa.”
Ms. Paul said Facebook had been slow to
admit the problem and lax in policing crimi- OMAR SANADIKI/REUTERS
nal activity online. “For years, Facebook Artifacts said to have been taken from the ancient ruins of Palmyra in Syria have
has served as a massive outlet for antiqui- been offered for sale on Facebook, the kind of activity a new ban addresses.
ties looters and traffickers as they seek to
feed material into a widening global net-
work,” she said. as good as its enforcement.”
But she said the recent decision by Face- Mr. Azm said he wants Facebook to pre-
book “represents an important shift in their serve all evidence of trafficking rather than
position on the trade in cultural heritage simply delete it.
and demonstrates that they recognize that “The photos and videos of artifacts we
this is an illegal and harmful activity that is see posted on Facebook, often while still in
occurring on their platform.” the ground, may be the only evidence of that
She added, however, that “a policy is only object’s existence,” Mr. Azm said.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020 N C3

Arts, Briefly
N E W S F R O M T H E C U LT U R A L W O R L D

is charged with forcible rape to anyone who watches my show.

and sexual battery by restraint
in one case and with sexual
penetration by use of force and
sexual penetration by intoxicat-
ing substance in the second.
A fourth woman said that
Jeremy raped her at the same
bar last year, the news release
said.
The district attorney’s office
said that it had decided against
prosecuting an additional case
related to an incident in 2016
because of insufficient evidence.
Jeremy is scheduled to be
arraigned on Friday, and pros-
ecutors recommended setting
bail at $6.6 million. If convicted,
PAUL A. HEBERT/INVISION, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
he could face a maximum sen-
I know that this will not be the
last I hear of this and that it will
be used again to try to quiet me.”
Kimmel made his remarks
after several weeks of sustained
criticism on social media that he
and other entertainers have
faced for using blackface.
On June 1, Jimmy Fallon, the
host of “The Tonight Show” on
NBC, apologized on his program
for a “Saturday Night Live”
sketch from 2000 in which he had
appeared in blackface to imper-
sonate Chris Rock.
Tina Fey, the creator of the
NBC comedy “30 Rock,” said that
she and her co-showrunner, MATT ROURKE/ASSOCIATED PRESS

tence of 90 years to life in pris- Robert Carlock, had asked for Bill Cosby, who was found guilty in 2018 of drugging and sexually assaulting a woman in 2004.
on, the district attorney’s office several episodes of that show to
Ron Jeremy Is Charged said. be pulled from streaming serv-

With Rapes and Assault

The pornographic film actor Ron
JULIA JACOBS ices because they depict charac-
ters in blackface. Fey said in a
statement: “As we strive to do
the work and do better in re-
Pennsylvania High Court
Jimmy Kimmel Sorry
To Hear Cosby Appeal
Jeremy has been charged with
raping three women and sexu- gards to race in America, we
ally assaulting a fourth, the Los For Blackface Sketches believe that these episodes fea-
Angeles County district attor- After weeks of criticism, the turing actors in race-changing
ney’s office said on Tuesday. ABC late-night host Jimmy makeup are best taken out of
According to the criminal Kimmel has addressed his past circulation. I understand now Arguments on whether the Such testimony by other accusers played a
role in the Harvey Weinstein case, where
complaint, the attacks date back use of blackface in comedy that ‘intent’ is not a free pass for testimony of five women their testimony was sought to demonstrate
to as far as 2014, with the most sketches, saying on Tuesday white people to use these im-
recent having occurred in July that he apologized “to those who ages.”
should have been allowed. a pattern of predatory behavior by Mr.
Weinstein. Mr. Cosby’s lawyers, however,
2019. Three of the incidents were genuinely hurt or offended Episodes of other comedy argue that he was denied a fair trial because
detailed in the charges hap- by the makeup I wore or the shows like “Little Britain” and By GRAHAM BOWLEY
the allegations by the other women were
pened at the same bar in West words I spoke.” “The Mighty Boosh” have also Pennsylvania’s highest court on Tuesday too remote in time and too dissimilar to the
Hollywood, the district attor- Kimmel, below right, the host been pulled from streaming said it agreed to hear part of Bill Cosby’s ap- case for which he was being tried.
ney’s office said in a news re- of “Jimmy Kimmel Live,” used services amid concerns about peal of his 2018 sexual assault conviction. The court will review whether the jury
lease. blackface to play celebrities like blackface. In December, a panel of three appellate should have heard testimony about Mr. Cos-
Allegations of sexual assault Karl Malone and Oprah Winfrey Kimmel, who is slated to host judges unanimously rejected his appeal to by’s use of quaaludes as part of his efforts to
against Jeremy, above, one of on “The Man Show,” a Comedy the lower Superior Court, upholding his
the Emmy Awards in September, have sex with other women, including his
the few in the pornographic film Central series he starred in from 2018 conviction in the drugging and sexual
announced last week that he own testimony in a separate civil case. And
industry whose name is familiar 1999 to 2003. assault of Andrea Constand at his home out-
would be taking a vacation from it said it would also review the judge’s deci-
in the mainstream, first surfaced Kimmel said in a statement side Philadelphia in 2004.
“Jimmy Kimmel Live” and would sion to allow the trial to go ahead even after
in the early days of the #MeToo that his impersonation of Ma- But in January, his lawyers petitioned the
have guest hosts fill in for him a former district attorney had given what
movement, when he was the lone had started when he was a Pennsylvania State Supreme Court to re-
throughout the summer. His the district attorney said was a binding as-
subject of a 2017 Rolling Stone radio host for KROQ in Los view that decision, highlighting several is-
statement on Tuesday said that surance that Mr. Cosby would not be
article in which more than a Angeles in the mid-1990s. When
this vacation had been planned sues where they said the panel had erred in charged in the case. The Superior Court
dozen women came forward he brought that impersonation
“for more than a year and in- supporting the trial judge’s decision. panel said that a district attorney did not
with accusations. Jeremy denied to TV, Kimmel said: “We hired
all of them to the magazine, cludes the next two summers off The state’s Supreme Court does not nec- have the authority to make such a promise.
makeup artists to make me look essarily have to take up an appeal, and its
saying, “I have never raped as well,” adding that he would Mr. Cosby, 82, is serving a three- to 10-
as much like Karl Malone as justices typically grant few of them. It re-
anyone.” return to the show in September. year sentence at SCI Phoenix, a maximum-
possible. I never considered that
Golden Artists Entertainment, DAVE ITZKOFF jected some of the issues Mr. Cosby’s lawyer security facility outside Philadelphia.
this might be seen as anything
the management company that raised, but it said it would review the trial Ms. Constand reacted to the Supreme
other than an imitation of a
represented Jeremy, stuck with judge’s decision to allow testimony from Court’s decision, saying it was right that the
fellow human being, one that
him after the 2017 report, believ- five other accusers — women who, like Ms. five other women were heard.
had no more to do with Karl’s
ing that he had shown them Constand, said Mr. Cosby had drugged and “While everyone deserves for their cries
skin color than it did his bulging
proof of his innocence. But on muscles and bald head.” sexually assaulted them. and appeals to be heard, even convicted
Tuesday, Dante Rusciolelli, the Kimmel, who did not use the The decision means Mr. Cosby’s lawyers criminals, if anyone’s cries matter most
owner of Golden Artists Enter- word “blackface” in his state- will now have another opportunity to chal- right now, it’s the women who have lifted
tainment, announced that the ment, said that as he looked lenge a verdict that represented one of the their voices and selflessly put themselves in
company was dropping Jeremy back on his previous comedy most high-profile convictions of the harm’s way, such as the prior bad act wit-
as a client. Jeremy’s lawyer did sketches, many of them had #MeToo era. nesses in my case,” she said in an emailed
not immediately respond to a become “embarrassing, and it is In particular, it gives them the chance to statement.
request for comment. frustrating that these thought- fight the decision to include the testimony In a separate statement, Mr. Cosby’s
According to the complaint, less moments have become a from the so-called “prior bad acts” wit- spokesman said, “We’re extremely thankful
Jeremy, 67, is accused of raping weapon used by some to dimin- nesses, which many experts considered to to the State Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
a 25-year-old woman at a West ish my criticisms of social and be one of the most significant moments of for agreeing to review Mr. Cosby’s appeal.”
Hollywood home in 2014. other injustices.” the criminal trial. The Montgomery County District Attor-
He is also accused of two He added in the statement: “I In Pennsylvania and many other states, ney’s office said, “We look forward to brief-
attacks that prosecutors said believe that I have evolved and testimony concerning prior alleged crimes ing and arguing these issues and remain
took place in 2017 at the same matured over the last 20-plus is allowed if, among other conditions, it confident in the Trial Court and Superior
bar in West Hollywood. Jeremy years, and I hope that is evident demonstrates a signature pattern of abuse. Court’s previous decisions.”
EVAN AGOSTINI/INVISION, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS

Two Not Touch Crossword Edited by Will Shortz

ANSWERS TO
PREVIOUS PUZZLES PUZZLE BY AMANDA CHUNG AND KARL NI
ACROSS 40 “___ makes the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 1950s-’60s going great” (old

sitcom nickname ad slogan) 13 14 15 16

5 Chaps
41 R&B singer Gray
17 18 19
9 They take 42 Reporting
dedication to internal 20 21 22
write wrongdoing
13 Scary story? 44 Chemical suffix 23 24 25 26 27

15 Specialty 45 Like ___ knife

28 29 30 31 32 33 34
through butter
16 Wolf’s gait
46 Less distinct 35 36 37
17 A chair might
hold one 47 Best-selling
game series for 38 39 40
18 Droop the Xbox
41 42 43
19 Huff 49 Small island
Put two stars in each row, column and region of the grid. No two stars may touch, not even diagonally. 20 Totally does the 50 When doubled, a 44 45 46
Copyright © 2020 www.krazydad.com
trick 2010s dance
23 Really stand out 51 Act riskily … 47 48 49 50

26 What makes or what three

51 52 53 54 55

Cryptogram the Impossible answers in this

Burger possible puzzle do
56 57 58 59 60 61
27 “___ That Good 56 Shopper’s stop
News,” 1964 57 Corn product 62 63 64
Sam Cooke 58 Out of this world
L C V N R U P G B I K W K V F L N M B D V P V F S R K E N T R B L V T S L W T V, album 65 66 67
62 Very
28 Train maker
G S B O L B O M , K I W R G L W T V, S T I C B L V I L W T V S O F P W K B I . 63 Bluesy James 6/25/20
30 Shred
64 Trunk 2 Efficiency symbol, 22 Korean export 43 Language with
32 Golfer Poulter
with three P.G.A. 65 Makes a case in physics five tones
PUZZLE BY BEN BASS YESTERDAY’S ANSWER Shakespeare 23 Blood bank
Tour wins against 3 Durable need 45 Key near the
35 2001 comedy 66 Animal in transport, for space bar
“Do-Re-Mi” short 24 Crankcase
starring Reese
KenKen
component 48 Products of some
Witherspoon 67 Informal title of 4 Perspective plants
respect 25 Mountie’s ride
37 Dum-dum 5 Nervously
ANSWERS TO 29 Big Apple inits. 49 Obvious
PREVIOUS PUZZLES 38 Like hedgehogs awkward
DOWN 6 Author Leon 30 Arctic native 51 Biotech crops,
39 Twice-chewed e.g., for short
food 1 Traveler’s item 7 Long-distance 31 9 to 5, e.g.
call 52 Home of Daniel
33 State wildflower K. Inouye
ANSWER TO PREVIOUS PUZZLE 8 Fill of Georgia International
9 Actress Elizabeth 34 “Enough!” Airport
A Z I Z S P F L A M A Z E of the “Avengers”
L O N E K A L A L O M A R 36 Evening hour in 53 Observe
films
I O W A C I T Y K A T A N A Spain 54 Up the ___
10 Goodwill
M A L L E T R E M L I S receptacle 37 She performed 55 Coalition
B I N I R I S H C O F F E E “We Shall
11 Completely Overcome” at the 59 Saving option, in
A N T I A M O A I R S amazing, in slang 1963 March on brief
L O O S E E N A M E L Washington
12 Egyptian god of 60 Gift that much
I N F O R M E D C O N S E N T chaos 40 Crawl space? thought is put
G R A Y L Y D I X O N
14 Near into?
V I N O C O O E T T U 42 Hooted and
I R O N C U R T A I N R A T 21 Sushi order hollered 61 Foreign denial
Fill the grid with digits so as not to repeat a digit in any row or column, and so that the digits within each
heavily outlined box will produce the target number shown, by using addition, subtraction, multiplication or Z A C E S E S L O V A K
division, as indicated in the box. A 4x4 grid will use the digits 1-4. A 6x6 grid will use 1-6. S Q U A R E C O L D O P E N Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 9,000 past puzzles,
For solving tips and more KenKen puzzles: www.nytimes.com/kenken. For feedback: nytimes@kenken.com L I T T E R A N G N A R Y nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year).
KenKen® is a registered trademark of Nextoy, LLC. Copyright © 2020 www.KENKEN.com. All rights reserved.
A S S E S S L E O N Y S E Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay.
C4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
Vietnamese Lives, American Imperialist Views
CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
turns a defeat by Vietnamese people into a
conflict that is actually a civil war in the
American soul, where Americans’ greatest
enemies are actually themselves. In one of
the stranger twists in self-aggrandizement,
Hollywood renders Americans as the anti-
heroes, which might seem odd given that
Hollywood is America’s unofficial ministry
of propaganda.
The reason for this troubling treatment is
simple: For Hollywood, and for Americans,
it is better to be the villain or antihero rather
than virtuous extra, so long as one occupies
center stage. For Vietnamese people, as
well as Laotians, Cambodians and Hmong,
their role is almost always that of the extra,
their function: to be helpful, rescued,
blamed, analyzed, mocked, abused, raped,
killed, spoken for, spoken over, misunder-
stood or all of the above.
So, when Spike Lee’s new movie “Da 5
Bloods” was announced, my feelings were
mixed. On the one hand, I am an admirer of
many of Lee’s movies. On the other hand, I
feared that Lee, despite being a Black
American with a powerful, necessary voice,
would, in the end, be an American. Could his
antiracist critique overcome the invest-
ment in American imperialism that most
Americans have without knowing it?
Unfortunately, the answer is no. “Da 5
Bloods” is a lesser Lee movie — honestly,
it’s a mess — whose characterizations of
Vietnamese people are inextricable from its
political failures.
I feel almost churlish writing this, given
the urgency of Black Lives Matter that Lee
gestures to and given how Hollywood —
and America in general — has mostly
erased, ignored or distorted the history of
Black people. It’s been a decades-long
struggle for Black talent in film to tell Black
stories with Black actors as stars and with
Black writers, directors and producers be-
hind the scenes. In this context, “Da 5
Bloods” rightfully deserves its moment as it
recounts, in unique Spike Lee fashion, the
experiences of some of the Black soldiers
who fought in disproportionate numbers
during a war whose racism cut both ways,
against Black (and Brown and Indigenous)
American soldiers and also against the Viet-
namese (and Cambodians, Laotians and
Hmong).
I stand with Black Lives Matter and
against anti-Black racism, but still, as I
watched the obligatory scene of Vietnam-
ese soldiers getting shot and killed for the
thousandth time, and as I felt the same hurt
I did in watching “Platoon" and “Rambo”
and “Full Metal Jacket,” I thought, Does it
make any difference if politically conscious
Black men kill us?
“Da 5 Bloods” remains a “Vietnam War”
movie about fighting an American dirty war
again, except that it puts Black men in the
spotlight, and it eliminates the worst of the
anti-Asian, Yellow Peril racism that charac-
terizes the genre. What remains, however,
is evidence that while Lee means well, he
also does not know what to do with the Viet-
namese except resort to guilty liberal feel-
ings about them.
As a result, the Vietnamese appear as the
tour guide, the sidekick, the “whore,” the
mixed-race child, the beggar and the face-
less enemy, all of whom play to American
desires and fears. In a particularly absurd
moment, a Vietnamese gangster threatens
the Black veterans as he recounts the My
Lai massacre. While acknowledging the
massacre of 500 Vietnamese civilians is im-
portant, it is also a clumsy exercise in Amer-
ican guilt that relegates the Vietnamese to
victimhood, which is how Americans prefer
to remember them, except when they re-
member them as Vietcong.
The sense that Vietnamese people must
be victims also plays out in an episode
where a vendor tries to force one of the
Black veterans, Paul (played by Delroy
Lindo), to buy a live chicken (something
that no Vietnamese I know has ever heard
of ). The situation escalates rapidly, and the
vengeful native screams at the Black veter-
ans that they killed his mother and father.
While this might have happened, it’s ex-
tremely rare. Many American visitors to
Vietnam remark in amazement that the
Vietnamese have seemed to let the past go.
This is true. We have no time to hate Ameri-
cans because we hate one another more,
given that our war was actually a civil war
(plus, the Vietnamese really hate the Chi-
nese the most). The Americans and the
French, our former colonizers, are seen as
walking wallets, not to be offended.
Being a victim, over and over again, be-
sides being traumatic in real life, is really
Viet Thanh Nguyen is the author of “Nothing
Ever Dies: Vietnam and the Memory of War.”
Top, from left: Norm Lewis,
Delroy Lindo, Johnny Tri
Nguyen and Clarke Peters in
Spike Lee’s “Da 5 Bloods.”
The film puts Vietnamese
characters in secondary
positions. Middle, the movie,
with Chadwick Boseman,
left, and Lindo, echoes the
approach of “Apocalypse
Now” in some respects.
American subjectivity is at
the center of the film, as in
this scene, above, with Le Y
Lan and Peters.
Being a victim, over and
over again, besides being
traumatic in real life, is
really boring onscreen.
ESSAY
boring onscreen, and Lee understands that
basing a Black story on such an experience
is a losing proposition. His strategy in “Da 5
Bloods” echoes Francis Ford Coppola’s in
“Apocalypse Now,” which he makes refer-
ence to often — reserve the starring role for
American men who struggle with their own
heart of darkness. In a brilliant perform-
ance, Lindo becomes a kind of Black Ahab,
driven by demons until he meets his fate.
“Da 5 Bloods” shows Black men as agents of
their own destiny, capable of both heroism
and horror, as we all are as human beings
whose inhumanity is an inextricable part of
ourselves. This complex subjectivity is
what white Hollywood has mostly denied
Black people, and it is what they deserve.
But so do the Vietnamese, Laotians, Cam-
bodians and Hmong.
Perhaps this is asking too much from a
Black story, but it’s Lee himself who sets the
high bar. “Da 5 Bloods” clearly aspires to be
a movie that jabs at American racism and
imperialist warmongering, but whereas it
succeeds at the former, it fails at the latter.
Why? In putting Black subjectivity at the
center, Lee also continues to put American
subjectivity at the center. If one can’t disen-
tangle Black subjectivity from dominant
American (white) subjectivity, it’s impossi-
ble to apply a genuine anti-imperialist cri-
tique. Hence the marginalized Vietnamese
continuing to serve their role as excuses for
a Black drama staged against America’s
Black-white divide.
This is not an argument for more Viet-
namese inclusion. It’s a demand that we
recognize how decolonization and anti-im-
perialism are impossible if we keep reiterat-
ing the imperial country’s point of view,
even from the minority perspective.
The political ambitions of Lee’s movie are
clear from the two Black intellectuals he in-
cludes at the beginning and ending. The
film starts with the classic anti-racist, anti-
imperialist quote from Muhammad Ali
about the Vietcong: “They never called me
nigger.” It’s sad, then, that Paul’s response
to the chicken seller is to call the Vietnam-
ese “Gooks.” Yes, Black soldiers used this
slur, and the slur says a great deal about
Paul’s traumatized internalization of rac-
ism. But Paul’s justification rings hollow
when he says that if Black people can call
themselves by the worst slur possible, he
can use the Vietnamese slur. No. Black peo-
ple can call themselves whatever they
wish; that is their right. But we don’t get to
call Black people a racial slur, and they don’t
get to call us one either. Lee’s attempts to
provide anti-racist alternatives — another
Black veteran connecting with his mixed-
race daughter, or a donation to a demining
effort — fall under the category of liberal
condescension, the rescue narrative with
Black saviors instead of white ones.
But don’t listen to me. Listen to the Rev.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., whose impor-
tant speech “Beyond Vietnam” is quoted at
the film’s end. The fact that most Americans
know “I Have a Dream” but not “Beyond
Vietnam” is testimony to the depth of Amer-
ican propaganda, the willingness of Ameri-
cans to want to feel good about the Ameri-
can Dream and their reluctance to confront
the American Nightmare. In the American
Nightmare, the severity of anti-Black rac-
ism is inseparable from the endurance of
American imperialism. As King said, Black
Americans were sent to “guarantee liber-
ties in Southeast Asia which they had not
found in southwest Georgia and East
Harlem.” He condemned not just racism,
but also capitalism, militarism, American
imperialism, and the American war ma-
chine, “the greatest purveyor of violence in
the world today.” In another speech, he de-
manded that we question our “whole soci-
ety,” which means “ultimately coming to see
that the problem of racism, the problem of
economic exploitation, and the problem of
war are all tied together.”
“Vietnam,” meaning the “Vietnam War,”
continues to haunt this country, which was
built on war and for war. American cinema
and storytelling play their role in these
wars, including our current “forever war,”
by reiterating, again and again, the central-
IMAGES BY NETFLIX
ity of the American male soldier’s experi-
ence, mostly in white and now in Black.
Making a “Vietnam War” movie in this clas-
sic mold, except with Black men, Lee can-
not overcome the imperialism that is as
American as slavery and genocide. He
overlooks the more radical possibility that
King outlined in “Beyond Vietnam” when
he called on Americans to listen to the
“voiceless ones.” King meant the Vietnam-
ese, but the “voiceless ones” are anyone the
United States confronts with its massive,
multicultural war machine, including, now,
Iraqis and Afghans. “Here is the true mean-
ing and value of compassion and nonvio-
lence,” King said, “when it helps us to see
the enemy’s point of view, to hear his ques-
tions, to know his assessment of ourselves.”
King knew that the only way to save a ra-
cially divided America from itself was to
have white Americans listen to Black peo-
ple, and he knew the only way to save an
imperial America from itself was to have
Americans listen to those it normally
prefers to kill and silence through massive
firepower, whether ordered by the Penta-
gon or Hollywood. I wrote about this in my
2015 novel, “The Sympathizer,” which in-
cludes a depiction of a Hollywood “Vietnam
War” spectacle that looks suspiciously like
“Apocalypse Now,” but with a little tweak-
ing — change the white guys to Black guys
— could be “Da 5 Bloods.” I created a narra-
tor who was as complex as Delroy Lindo’s
Paul, who spoke back in tragedy and an-
guish to American racism and imperialism.
The novel was rejected by 13 out of 14 edi-
tors. The one who bought it was British.
I suspect that one reason for these rejec-
tions is that for Vietnamese people, we are
often only heard by Americans when we are
apologetic for our existence and grateful for
our rescue by Americans. It is bad manners
to point out, as I have done, that we wouldn’t
have needed rescuing by Americans if we
hadn’t been invaded by Americans in the
first place. The reality, however, is that it is
up to us to tell our own stories and create
our own narrative plenitude. Other Ameri-
cans won’t do it for us, even those Black
Americans like Lee who understand too
well the pain of narrative scarcity.
But the true urgency here is not only for
self-representation and the need to recog-
nize ourselves so that others will recognize
us, too. What is also crucial is the need to tell
stories differently. “The master’s tools will
never dismantle the master’s house,” Audre
Lorde once wrote, and indeed, a war story
that repeats a purely American point of
view will just help ensure that American
wars continue, only with more diverse
American soldiers and ever-newer targets
to be killed or saved. What kind of war story
sees through the other’s point of view, hears
her questions, takes seriously her assess-
ment of ourselves? Would it even be a war
story? And isn’t that the story we should
tell?
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Met Museum Grapples With Protests
CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
Roosevelt would be removed because it had
come to be seen as symbolic of a painful leg-
acy of colonial expansion and racial dis-
crimination.
On Monday, the Guggenheim Museum’s
curatorial department in a letter described
a work culture of “racism” and “white su-
premacy.” On Tuesday, current and former
employees accused the San Francisco Mu-
seum of Modern Art of “racist censorship”
and “discrimination.”
And on Friday, the director of the Mu-
seum of Contemporary Art Cleveland for 23
years, Jill Snyder, resigned after apologiz-
ing to the artist Shaun Leonardo for cancel-
ing his exhibition dealing with police
killings of black and Latino boys and men.
Now, Met Museum employees are sound-
ing their own alarm, prompted by a person-
al Instagram posting on Friday by the mu-
seum’s powerful chairman of European
paintings, Keith Christiansen, who has
worked at the Met since 1977.
Below a pen-and-ink image of the French
archaeologist Alexandre Lenoir, who de-
voted himself to saving France’s historic
monuments from the ravages of the French
Revolution, Mr. Christiansen wrote:
“Alexandre Lenoir battling the revolution-
ary zealots bent on destroying the royal
tombs in Saint-Denis. How many great
works of art have been lost to the desire to
rid ourselves of a past of which we don’t ap-
prove.
“And how grateful we are to people like
Lenoir,” Mr. Christiansen continued, “who
realized that their value — both artistic and
historical — extended beyond a defining
moment of social and political upheaval and
change.” While Mr. Christiansen appeared
to be arguing for the preservation of monu-
ments, his remarks also struck some as in-
sensitive and tone deaf.
The post was criticized in a Twitter post
by the advocacy group of arts workers, Art
+ Museum Transparency: “Dear @metmu-
seum, one of your most powerful curators
suggested that it’s a shame we’re trying to
‘rid ourselves of a past of which we don’t ap-
prove’ by removing monuments — and,
worse, making a dog whistle of an equation
of #BLM activists with ‘revolutionary zeal-
ots.’ This is not OK.”
Responses to the tweet were similarly
critical. “This is disgusting,” one comment
said, “not acceptable.”
Mr. Christiansen subsequently took
down the post and removed his Instagram
account.
Asked to respond to the uproar over the
post on Wednesday, Max Hollein, the Met’s
director, said in a statement to The New
York Times: “There is no doubt that the Met
and its development is also connected with
a logic of what is defined as white suprema-
cy. Our ongoing efforts to not only diversify
our collection but also our programs, narra-
tives, contexts and staff will be further ac-
celerated and will benefit in urgency and
impact from this time.”
A day earlier, he had apologized directly
to the European paintings department in an
email, calling the Instagram post “not only
not appropriate and misguided in its judg-
ment but simply wrong.”
“Keith is a very valued member of our
community and while this post was on Kei-
th’s personal Instagram account, it is cer-
tainly also part of our institutional conver-
sation and we need to reflect on that,” Mr.
Hollein added.
It was Mr. Hollein’s second apology this
month; he also conveyed one to the artist
Glenn Ligon, about the Met’s use of one of
his works in a social media post, at the start
of the protests over George Floyd’s killing.
A Woman Rescued From History’s Shadows
Presenting a seething, stylish
reclamation of the rebellious
Mary Ellen Peacock Meredith.
D. H. LAWRENCE once sent his wife, Frieda, a
curious little present — a drawing of Jonah
confronting the whale. He captioned it:
“Who will swallow whom?”
Not the most heartwarming gesture, to
be sure, but you must admire its bluntness.
“Who will swallow whom?” has been the
decisive question of that literary couple.
History is a body count of the acceptable
casualties of genius, chief among them
wives who possessed the touching temerity
to harbor ambitions of their own. What a
grim sorority they make — thwarted artists
turned protectors of the solitude of Great
Men, guardians of the legacy. They kept the
inkwell filled, and creditors and children at
bay. They went mad with startling fre-
quency.
In recent years, a flurry of studies has
paid homage to the hidden lives and talents
of these women — sisters and daughters as
well as spouses: Dorothy Wordsworth,
Jane Carlyle, Zelda Fitzgerald, Lucia Joyce,
Frieda Lawrence herself. A new form of bio-
graphical criticism flourishes in books like
Phyllis Rose’s beloved “Parallel Lives,”
which treat a writer’s work as continuous
with his private life, detecting the mytholo-
gies and political assumptions governing
both.
Diane Johnson’s “The True History of the
First Mrs. Meredith and Other Lesser
Lives” is a foundational text of the genre.
First published in 1972, the book passed into
obscurity and has been happily reissued
this month, fresh as ever — a seething,
stylish reclamation of a forgotten life.
In life, as in death, Mary Ellen Peacock
Meredith was eclipsed by her father, the
novelist Thomas Love Peacock, and her
Follow Parul Sehgal on Twitter: @parul_sehgal.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
‘Monuments of those who promoted racist ideologies and systems should
never be glorified or in a location where they can cause further harm.’
KEITH CHRISTIANSEN
CHAIRMAN OF EUROPEAN PAINTINGS,
METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART
An Instagram post by Keith Christiansen, top, a Met museum curator, included an image of Alexandre Lenoir, above, who tried to save
monuments during the French Revolution. It drew criticism from museum staff members; Mr. Christiansen promptly apologized.
PARUL SEHGAL BOOKS OF THE TIMES
The True History of the First Mrs. Meredith
and Other Lesser Lives
By Diane Johnson
Illustrated. 242 pages. New York Review
Books. $17.95.
husband, the writer George Meredith, au-
thor of the 19th-century feminist novel
“Diana of the Crossways.” She is known, if
at all, as a footnote in their stories. Biogra-
phers have treated her “as if she were
formed for George’s youth by some vaguely
malign spirit seeking to try him,” Johnson
writes. “The Comic Spirit, perhaps, whose
sole interest lay in providing George with
those formative experiences so essential to
a coming great writer.”
Those formative experiences were, in
short order: humiliation, betrayal and scan-
dal. Mary Ellen Peacock was already a
mother and a widow when the pair met and
married in 1849. After nine uninspiring
years together, the vigorous and clever
Mary Ellen took a hard look at her gloomy
husband, their narrow rooms and narrower
prospects. She declared the marriage a fail-
ure and eloped with the painter Henry
Wallis. Three years later, she succumbed to
kidney disease. Her funeral was sparsely
attended.
George Meredith married again, and his
second wife proved a more placid mate.
Arguing with her, he once wrote, was like
“firing broadsides into a mud fort.” But
Mary Ellen haunted his work in the recur-
rent character of a worldly, faithless woman
— she is “Mrs. Mount” or, more kindly,
“Mrs. Lovell.” The year after Mary Ellen
died, George wrote his caustic masterpiece,
the 50-sonnet sequence “Modern Love,” on
marriage as shipwreck.
Johnson depicts Mary Ellen’s betrayal, so
scandalous in its time, as strangely or-
dained. “The ideal Victorian woman was
innocent, unlearned, motherly,” Johnson
writes. “Women then were fascinating in
their indolence. Indeed, they had to be spe-
VINCENT TULLO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
VIA BRIDGEMAN IMAGES
cially trained to endure it.” Mary Ellen, how-
ever, had been raised by a doting, liberal fa-
ther who adored intellectual women. Her
models included fierce 19th-century femi-
nists like Mary Wollstonecraft, and she
grew up educated, resourceful and indiffer-
ent to public opinion (a little of her own
money helped).
In Victorian England, Mary Ellen Pea-
cock Meredith had the gall to believe herself
to be an utterly fantastic creature: a person.
In her suite of novels about Americans
abroad — “Le Mariage,” “Le Divorce,”
“L’Affaire” — Johnson has explored how
culture inflects our romantic expectations.
(Along with Stanley Kubrick, she wrote the
screenplay for the adaptation of Stephen
King’s “The Shining,” perhaps the most viv-
id cautionary tale about taking up with a
writer.) In this book, in telling the story of
the rebellious life of one woman, she maps
the painful, peculiar strictures of the age.
“Common sense urges us to suppose that
beneath the Victorians’ public postures of
rectitude, formality and reserve, beneath
the bustles and beards, lurked beings much
like ourselves,” she writes. “But closer in-
spection (books, letters, statistics) sug-
gests that our sympathy is misplaced. They
were not like us.”
It was the age of “biological martyrs.”
Women would routinely bear 20 children
and die in the process. Sex — loathed and
feared by many women — was a prelude to
death, and death a constant, capricious
force in their lives.
This was the context in which Mary Ellen
staged her mutiny, all the more astonishing
at a time when divorce was unspeakable
and children remained the property of their
fathers. This is to say nothing of the practi-
cal hindrances of having an affair.
“It must be kept in mind at all times that
the women we are concerned with con-
ducted their lives, had thoughts, went trav-
eling, ate dinner and fell in love while en-
tirely encased beneath their gowns in the
following articles of clothing: a chemise, a
N C5
Mr. Ligon said on Instagram: “I know it’s
#nationalreachouttoblackfolksweek but
could y’all just stop . . . Or ask me first?”
On June 12, Mr. Hollein and Daniel H.
Weiss, the museum’s president and chief
executive, sent an email to the staff that dis-
cussed how “we are moving the museum
forward in our work to address issues of di-
versity and racism within our institution.”
The measures included convening a se-
ries of discussions on racial justice; aiming
to further diversify the staff; hiring a chief
diversity officer; instituting mandatory
anti-racism training; and declaring June 24
as a Museum Day of Reflection. Their email
also added, “we will continue to explore
themes of representation and diversity
through our programming.”
On Tuesday, Mr. Christiansen issued his
own apology in an email to the entire staff.
“I will make no excuses except to say that
I had in mind one thing and lacked the
awareness to self-reflect on how my post
could go in a very different direction, on a
very important day . . . and would cause fur-
ther hurt to those experiencing so much
pain right now,” he wrote. “I want to be clear
on my view that monuments of those who
promoted racist ideologies and systems
should never be glorified or in a location
where they can cause further harm.”
In an interview on Wednesday, Mr. Chris-
tiansen further elaborated that he had in-
tended to address “the losses that occur to a
fuller understanding of a complicated and
sometimes ugly past” when major works of
art are destroyed by “war, iconoclasm, revo-
lution and intolerance.” He added, “I very
stupidly pulled out of my image bank the
figure of Alexandre Lenoir intervening in
Saint-Denis to save the royal tombs in 1791.”
But the Instagram post had touched a
nerve. A group of staff members at the Met
followed up with a letter to Mr. Hollein and
Mr. Weiss. “All of us were angered that the
post seemed to equate Black Lives Matter
protesters with ‘revolutionary zealots’ — a
position made crueler by its posting on
Juneteenth,” said the letter, which was
signed by the 15 “ERG Co-Convenors,” a ref-
erence to the museum’s employee re-
sources groups, an outgrowth of the Met’s
diversity efforts.
Questioning how many other managers
might share such views, the letter said:
“While we understand that a private Insta-
gram account does not necessarily reflect
the views of the institution for which Chris-
tensen works — our Met — his position of
power within it, and the decision-making he
affects as a department head and senior cu-
rator with regard to programming, staff hir-
ing, and institutional direction, is more to
our point.”
In his response to the letter’s authors, Mr.
Weiss acknowledged that “we have moved
too slowly in building an institution that
more honestly reflects the communities we
serve or that honors our aspirations.”
Citing the additional complications of the
“toxic and polarizing language of our na-
tional political leadership” and the Met’s
large staff of more than 2,000, Mr. Weiss
added, “Sometimes, mistakes will be made
— including by us.”
Mr. Hollein and Mr. Weiss plan to meet
with the employee resources group on Tues-
day. Whether such efforts by the Met —
which just announced that it would reopen
on Aug. 29 — will succeed in calming the
waters remains to be seen.
“The path forward will be challenging,”
Mr. Weiss said in his statement, “but for the
first time in many years there is a collective
will to build a better community, one that
works for all.”
corset, a camisole over the corset, up to six
petticoats — beginning with a short, stiff
one, one or two flannel ones for warmth, a
plain one and then some embroidered ones
— a vest or undershirt, stockings, garters
and, depending on the decade, a whalebone
crinoline or bustle,” Johnson writes. “What-
ever we are able to make of Mary Ellen’s
adulterous behavior, we will not be able to
excuse it on the grounds of impulse; there
could hardly have been such a thing as an
impulsive sexual irregularity for women so
encumbered.”
That distinctive voice: fond, amused, out-
raged. Johnson writes as if taking revenge
for her subject. It is not only Mary Ellen’s
daring that so compels us, but her biogra-
pher’s. Johnson discovers new ways to
write her way into history’s silences. “In-
spired conjecture,” in Vivian Gornick’s
phrase from the book’s introduction, is
Johnson’s mode, her tools those helpful ad-
verbs: “perhaps” and “possibly.” Criticism
and biography must learn from the nov-
elist’s practice of imaginative empathy,
Johnson argues. Every passing character
snares her attention, and she rues the
stories she can’t tell. Tracing Meredith’s lin-
eage, she mentions a grandfather, a bank-
rupt tailor who “took up with the servant
girl, Matilda Bucket (how one longs to know
more about Matilda Bucket).” There are no
lesser lives in this tale.
In one eerie scene, Johnson imagines the
ghosts of Mary Ellen’s spiritual godmothers
— Mary Shelley and Mary Wollstonecraft
— attending her grave: “They are angry on
Mary Ellen’s behalf. Their impatient feet
tap, they pace over the grave. Must it al-
ways be this way for women? Here was one
they thought might persevere in woman’s
name. She had promise. She had courage.”
A century after her death, she was re-
warded with a biographer who possesses
the same traits in abundance, and who, per-
severing in her name, lifts her from ignomi-
ny into stardom.
C6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020

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Jon Batiste, above, has the
support of his “Late Night”
colleague Stephen Colbert, who
has discussed the recent
protests on his TV show. Right,
“Now there’s a chance for a real
collective consciousness
shifting,” says Mr. Batiste,
shown outside Barclays Center.
‘There are three
candidates that we’re
dealing with. Donald
Trump, Joe Biden and
the candidate of apathy.
Apathy’s insidious. It
comes from having a
weight on our collective
shoulders for centuries.’
JON BATISTE
The Museum of Jewish Heritage Resorts to Wide Layoffs
Over 40 percent of staff members lose their jobs as the
museum struggles with finances in the pandemic.
The Museum of Jewish Heritage is dealing with “very difficult decisions.”
Jon Batiste
Is Taking It
To the Streets
CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
has taken free jazz from community centers
to Town Hall, traces this spirit to works like
Duke Ellington’s 1943 “Black, Brown and
Beige” to later suites by Max Roach and
Sonny Rollins, and the free jazz and loft jazz
movements of the 1960s and ’70s. Then
came the ’80s, when “everybody went to
sleep thinking that we had accomplished
something, but all we really got were the
leftovers,” Mr. Parker said in a Zoom inter-
view. Artists like Mr. Parker, of course, have
performed and recorded revolution-minded
“fire music” through the 1980s and up to the
present, and the last decade has seen a re-
surgence in political jazz music, especially
from the downtown, avant-garde and
Brooklyn scenes.
It’s certainly rare, though, to see a jazz
musician with a household name and a na-
tional platform like Mr. Batiste inviting
thousands into the streets. And the pianist
has the support of Mr. Colbert, who has
carved out time on his broadcast to discuss
his musical director’s activism.
“In the present darkness that constitutes
so much of the national conversation, Jon,
by his example and his spirit, gives me hope
I might do my job and maintain my own hu-
manity,” Mr. Colbert said in an email. “I be-
lieve long after no one knows who I am, the
name Jon Batiste will be spoken with admi-
ration. I’m grateful to know him.”
A genre-crossing virtuoso and crowd-
pleaser, Mr. Batiste is particularly suited for
a moment of protest in the streets: He’s
from New Orleans, where the city’s famed
Second Line marches have built a tradition
of “catharsis and release,” he said, in which
music lifts anguish or outrage toward a col-
lective joy. He grew up surrounded by musi-
cal relatives and draws special inspiration
from his grandfather, the president of a New
Orleans postal workers union, who
marched and organized for his workers.
“Jon is walking in that lineage, and not
just musically,” said Brian Blade, a drum-
mer and composer with his own strong New
Orleans connection. “It’s in the essence of
our feet on the ground, moving forward,
gathering a movement through example.”
A spirit of collective humanity has always
powered Mr. Batiste’s art. His “Late Show”
band, Stay Human, is a diverse ensemble
known for marching right into the crowd
during performances. The protests take
ANNIE TRITT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
their name from “We Are,” his new single, a
pop gospel showcase written and recorded
last year that features the marching band
from St. Augustine High School in New Or-
leans. He recorded “The Star Spangled
Banner,” with all that thunder, on the 2013
album “Social Music.” And at the marches
the music is indisputably social.
“It was such a powerful day,” the saxo-
phonist Grace Kelly, a frequent Batiste col-
laborator, said of Mr. Batiste’s June 6 march
from Union Square to Washington Square
Park, which organizers say drew 5,000 peo-
ple. “There were over 10 tubas, 30-plus
trumpets, and maybe 50 saxophones. It was
louder than we could speak. Louder than we
could sing.”
Mr. Batiste and his organizers are weigh-
ing the logistics of taking the “We Are” pro-
tests to cities across the United States in the
coming months, focusing on a practical
goal: voter registration and the exposure of
voter suppression.
“There are three candidates that we’re
dealing with,” Mr. Batiste said. “Donald
Trump, Joe Biden and the candidate of apa-
thy. Apathy’s insidious. It comes from hav-
ing a weight on our collective shoulders for
centuries that has made us feel that we
don’t matter, that we’re not seen and that
our vote doesn’t count.”
Like many of the city’s jazz players, Car-
oline Davis, a saxophonist and composer,
has protested at several Brooklyn and Man-
hattan rallies in recent weeks. “It’s inspir-
ing to be with people who are in this for the
long haul,” she said, after marching with Mr.
Batiste on June 6, the first time she’s gotten
to play music with colleagues in person
since March.
Ms. Davis co-teaches a course in jazz and
gender at the New School and feels a re-
sponsibility to honor jazz’s history of pro-
test. “I feel that, as Nina Simone said, it’s the
artist’s job to reference the time in which we
live,” she said.
Mr. Parker has dedicated his career to
nurturing that activist spirit. He has
marched dozens of times since 2016 with the
Artists for a Free World marching band, a
loose collective organized by Arts for Art,
the nonprofit organization that hosts the an-
nual Vision Festival and is currently
presenting Zoom concerts and salons.
“I’ve been talking for the last, oh, 40 years
or so about how every once in a while a win-
By COLIN MOYNIHAN
The president and chief executive of the
Museum of Jewish Heritage imparted some
grim news to just over 50 of the institution’s
employees on Monday.
“Two weeks ago, I shared with you that
the museum was facing an existential crisis
caused by the coronavirus pandemic,” the
president, Jack Kliger, said during a Zoom
conference, according to a record of his re-
marks provided by the museum, in Lower
Manhattan. “By now, you know that this cri-
sis has forced us to make some very difficult
decisions in order to ensure the museum’s
survival.”
Apologizing for the news, Mr. Kliger went
on to inform the workers that 32 of them —
more than 40 percent of the staff — would be
laid off, according to the record from the
museum.
In addition, he said, some of those who re-
mained with the museum would have to
adapt to “new roles or reduced hours.”
The layoffs, changed job functions and
planned budget cuts of almost 40 percent
were first reported by The Forward. The
museum, which describes itself as “a living
memorial to the Holocaust,” was formed
dow opens up and things can happen,” Mr.
Parker, 68, said. “But we have to have num-
bers, we have to be persistent, and we have
to really lay it out in the consciousness of
people.”
Last week, on Bandcamp he released the
searing and mournful “Baldwin,” a track
from a coming 10-disc box set of new ma-
terial dedicated to “those who want to elimi-
nate hate, racism, sexism, greed and lies.”
He’s not alone in sharing fresh music
keyed to the cause: The drummer Johna-
than Blake and the vibes player Joel Ross
both released pre-Covid commissioned con-
certs from the Jazz Gallery on YouTube. The
sets, titled “My Life Matters” and “Being a
Young Black Man,” come with requests for
donations to Black Lives Matter and the
NAACP Legal Defense Fund. And the poet
Camae Ayewa shouts: “Enough! Enough!
Enough!” over the free-jazz squall of “Irre-
versible Live in Berlin” on a pair of blister-
ing live sets from the protest-minded quin-
tet Irreversible Entanglements.
“Music is a wake-up call,” Mr. Parker
said. “After the protest, you listen to it and it
helps keep you awake. Because the problem
is not to wake up — it’s not to go back to
sleep.”
with the aim of “educating diverse visitors
about Jewish life before, during and after
the Holocaust.”
An audio recording of the Zoom meeting
that was obtained by The New York Times
included questions from employees. One
asked: “What, if any pay cuts, were imple-
mented at the executive and senior man-
agement level?”
There were no pay reductions for execu-
tive and senior managers, Mr. Kliger
responded.
The layoffs came as an especially severe
blow at the museum given the accolades it
has received for its Auschwitz exhibition,
which went up in 2019 and drew more vis-
itors than ever before to the institution.
Mr. Kliger said in the Zoom call that “as
soon as we closed on March 15, we knew we
would face financial hardship and began
preparing for the possibility of layoffs,” ac-
cording to the museum’s record, but added
that the museum held off on layoffs as long
as it could and would extend health benefits
to those who were being laid off through
Sept. 30, which was as long as the budget
would allow.
The museum was not planning further
N C7
PHOTOGRAPHS BY HIROKO MASUIKE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Mr. Batiste believes it’s his responsibility
to use his platform to keep the crowds
awake. That platform is also expanding. Mr.
Batiste’s fingers will power the music in
“Soul,” the first Pixar feature to center on a
black lead, slated for a Nov. 20 release. He
has maintained the kind of proudly unpre-
dictable career common to 21st-century
jazz musicians. In 2019 he released a pair of
in-the-tradition Verve albums recorded at
the Village Vanguard. Since then he’s de-
buted a funk-favoring band of all-women
collaborators on NPR’s Tiny Desk Concerts
and improvised on an independent release,
“Meditations,” with the guitarist Cory
Wong.
Despite his personal success, he remains
focused on the inequality he’s committed to
fighting. “Four hundred and one years of
people and their voices being completely
marginalized has led to systemic racism
and sexism that has been perpetuated even
in our triumphs,” he said. “The idea that we
can have triumphs and also perpetuate
toxic ideologies is a nuance that we have yet
to explore in the public dialogue. But now
there’s a chance for a real collective con-
sciousness shifting.”
staff reductions, he told the employees.
Mr. Kliger said that the museum had tak-
en steps to shore up its finances, starting a
campaign to raise money and obtaining a
grant from the New York Community Trust
and a loan from the federal Paycheck Pro-
tection Program.
In a telephone interview on Tuesday, Mr.
Kliger said that those who were being laid
off included employees who worked in vis-
itor services and who were involved in
tours.
That was a reflection of the fact that even
when the museum reopens, he said, it will
not likely have as many visitors as it did be-
fore the pandemic, partly because of health
and safety guidelines and partly because it
plans to be open three days a week instead
of six.
That was steering something of a restruc-
turing within the museum, Mr. Kliger said,
adding that the institution was concentrat-
ing on virtual online exhibitions and devel-
oping digital programs that would help
teachers instruct students about the
Holocaust.
“The museum will still be the museum,”
he said. “If they can’t come to the museum,
the museum will come to them.”
C8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020

EVENING
7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00
What’s On Thursday
2 WCBS Inside Edition (N) Entertainment Young Sheldon Dr. The Unicorn “Anna Mom “Texas Pete Broke “Sammy’s S.W.A.T. “Wild Ones.” A couple hunt for CBS 2 News at
The Late Show With Stephen Colbert
(PG) Tonight (N) Sturgis breaks up and the Unicorn.” and a Parking Lot Party.” (Series Fi- valuable chess pieces. (14) 11PM (N) Ibram X. Kendi; Patton Oswalt. (N) “Search Party” is back, now on HBO Max.
with Meemaw. (8:31) Carnival.” (9:01) nale) (N) (PG) (PG) (11:35) And the second season of “The Twilight
4 WNBC Access Hollywood All Access (N) Council of Dads “Stormy Weather.” A Blindspot “Awl In.” The team must stop
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit News 4 NY at The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Zone” debuts on CBS All Access.
(N) (PG) (PG) severe storm approaches. (N) (PG) Madeline. (N) (14) “We Dream of Machine Elves.” Rollins 11 (N) Fallon Shaquille O’Neal; John Lithgow;
pursues a suspect of assault. Ozuna. (N) (14) (11:34)
5 WNYW Extra (N) (PG) The Big Bang The- Celebrity Watch Party “Father’s Day Labor of Love “You’ve Got Babies.” The Fox 5 News at 10 (N) The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- Modern Family
ory (PG) Watch Party.” The Osbournes; Tyra
Banks; Reggie Bush. (N) (14)
men receive baby simulators. (N) (14) ory “The Septum ory (PG)
Deviation.”
“Aunt Mommy.”
(PG)
What’s Streaming
7 WABC Jeopardy! (G) Wheel of Fortune Holey Moley “Don’t Attempt This in Don’t “Don’t Parent Trap on National To Tell the Truth “Mario Cantone, Eyewitness News Jimmy Kimmel Nightline (N)
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(N) (PG) parents. (N) (14) Cole.” (N) (PG) Gad. (14) (11:35)
9 WWOR Family Feud (PG) Family Feud (PG) Law & Order: Criminal Intent “Folie a Law & Order: Criminal Intent “Family Family Feud (PG) Family Feud (PG) The Book of Sean Out Loud with
Deux.” (14) Values.” (14) Claudia Jordan
11 WPIX black-ish “Wilds of black-ish (PG) Burden of Truth “It Takes a Village.” In the Dark “Bad People.” An attack on PIX11 News at Ten (N) Seinfeld (Part 2 of Seinfeld “The Rye.” Friends (PG)
Valley Glen.” (N) (PG) Nia leads to fallout. (N) (14) 2) (PG) (PG)
13 WNET PBS NewsHour (N) N.Y.C. Arts Ken Burns: The National Parks Making of the national parks series. (G) Drawing the Line Amanpour and Company (N) MetroFocus

21 WLIW MetroFocus Drive by History America in Black and Blue Nova (PG) Prehistoric Road Trip (G) MetroFocus World News Amanpour-Co
25 WNYE Great Conversations (G) Food. Curated. Potluck Reconnecting Bare Feet-Mick Asian American Museum Access Artbound Artist Doug Aitken. (PG) Between Cover
31 WPXN Chicago P.D. “Care Under Fire.” Chicago P.D. “Politics.” (14) Chicago P.D. “Monster.” (14) Chicago P.D. “Rabbit Hole.” (14) Chicago P.D. “Confidential.” (14) Chicago P.D.
41 WFUT2 Secrets Of The Morgue (14) Murder She Solved (14) The Last 24 (14) Cruise Ship Killers (10:01) F.B.I.: Criminal Pursuit (14) Bizarre Murders
JON PACK/HBO MAX
47 WNJU Minuto para ganar (N) (G) Cennet “La trampa.” (N) (PG) 100 días para enamorarnos (N) Enemigo “’intimo (N) (14) Noticiero 47 Noticias Titulares y más
48 WRNN No More Den Stories of Love Cher Air Grill Best Knife Ever! Gold 1907 Gold 1907 Clean Air NOW! Larry King Transform AgeSpots? Alia Shawkat
49 CPTV PBS NewsHour (N) Father Brown (PG) Shakespeare Inspector Lewis on Masterpiece (PG) (9:33) This Old House This Old House NHK Newsline
50 WNJN One on One NJTV News The National Parks: America’s Best Idea “The Last Refuge (1890-1915).” (G) POV (PG) NJTV News State of the Arts World News SEARCH PARTY Stream on HBO Max. “Could

55 WLNY Last-Standing Last-Standing Dr. Phil (14) WLNY News at 9PM (N) Judge Judy (PG) Judge Judy (PG) 2 Broke Girls 2 Broke Girls Ent. Tonight these hipsters be coldblooded murderers?”
63 WMBC Legends Unfold Caught on Cam. Paid Program Paid Program New YOU! Paid Program Larry King Paid Program Paid Program Hydroshot Paid Program That’s what a news anchor asks in a trailer
68 WFUT ¿Qué culpa tiene Fatmagül? (N) Reto 4 elementos: Naturaleza extrema Las clasificaciones a las semifinales. (N) (14) Noticiero Univ. Vas con todo La infiltrada es Rosa Concha. (14) for the new, third season of this dark com-
edy series. It stars Alia Shawkat as Dory, a
PREMIUM CABLE
. The Hours (2002). Meryl Streep, . The Big Chill (1983). Kevin Kline, Glenn Close. Old college friends reunit- . Good Will Hunting (1997). Matt
millennial in Brooklyn. The first season
FLIX The Stepford Wives (2004). Nicole Kidman, Matthew
Nicole Kidman. (PG-13) (6) Broderick. (PG-13) ed. Sharp, melancholy tale and good ensemble work. (R) (9:35) Damon, Robin Williams. (R) followed her and a group of fellow Brook-
HBO Perry Mason “Chapter One.” Perry Ma- It: Chapter Two (2019). Jessica Chastain, James McAvoy. Evil clown returns to torment adult Losers’ Club. It drags. I May Destroy You . Punch-Drunk Love (2002). Adam lynites investigating a disappearance; the
son and a kidnapping case. (MA) (R) (MA) (10:50) Sandler, Emily Watson. (R) second season involved a killing. After a
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Phoenix. (PG-13) (6:10) wealthy widow. Someone must have lied to get a cast this good. (R) (9:05) Documentary.
couple years off, Dory and company are
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las, Kiefer Sutherland. (PG-13) (6:10) bloody revenge for son’s death. Some lowdown wit. (R) barks on a smuggling operation. (MA) 2.” (10:55) steps behind Inkunzi. (11:45) (the show was on TBS). Season 3 includes
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SHO2 The Best of Enemies (2019). Taraji P. Henson, Sam Rockwell. Activist and Klan leader begin un- Official Secrets (2019). Keira Knightley, Matt Smith. British intelligence offi- VICE (MA) Best in Sex: AVN
likely friendship. Well-meaning but muddled. (PG-13) (7:15) cer tries to stop Iraq invasion. Unexciting intrigue. (R) Awards had a retro-tinged aesthetic, a slight thrift-
STARZ Nutty Professor II: Jack and Jill (2011). Adam Sandler. Man dreads visit from Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019). Tom Holland. Peter Parker’s European Superfly (2018). Atlanta cocaine kingpin seeks one last store defect to its world, which makes it
The Klumps his twin. Tumbles into ugliness. (PG) (7:27) vacation is interrupted. Enjoyable but far from original. (PG-13) score. Emptily showy remake. (R) (11:12) feel surreal at times — part of reality but
STZENC For a Few Dollars More (1967). Clint Eastwood, Lee Van Cleef. Bounty hunt- Quigley Down Under (1990). Tom Selleck, Alan Rickman. Wyoming sharp- The Girl in the Spider’s Web (2018). Claire Foy, Beau not identical to it,” Margaret Lyons wrote in
ers. Typical, early Clint flint. (R) (6:46) shooter in Australia. Poky and formulaic. (PG-13) Gadsdon. (R) (11:02)
a recent edition of The New York Times’s
TMC Traitor (2008). Don Cheadle, Guy 3:10 to Yuma (2007). Russell Crowe, Christian Bale. Rancher escorts captive . A River Runs Through It (1992). Brad Pitt, Tom Skerritt. Montana family Green Book (2018).
Pearce. (PG-13) (6) outlaw to train. Serviceable remake. (R) life. Deeply felt. (PG) (10:05) (PG-13) (12:10) Watching newsletter. “Teasing out the
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7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 imagined, curated past and the cruel den-
A&E The First 48 “Cruel Summer.” Gunmen The First 48 “Murder in Treme.” Fatal The First 48 “Deadly Favor; Just Kids.” The First 48 “The House on Madrona The First 48 “Graveyard Love.” New The First 48 (14) sity of the flawed, lived past is one of the
open fire on a porch. (14) slashing in New Orleans. (14) (14) Street.” (14) Orleans shooting probed. (14) show’s most elegant tricks.”
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APL Deadliest Catch (14) Deadliest Catch Tension. (PG) Deadliest Catch “Deadline.” (14) Deadliest Catch (PG) Deadliest Catch “Payback Time.” Deadliest Catch
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BLOOM Bloomberg Daybreak: Asia (N) (Live) Bloomberg Markets: China Open Bloomberg Markets: Asia (N) (Live) (G) Paid Program
BRV The Real Housewives of New York The Real Housewives of New York The Real Housewives of New York Watch What Hap- Cash Cab (PG) Cash Cab (PG) Cash Cab (PG) Cash Cab (PG)
City Tinsley defends herself. City “Don’t Mansion It.” (14) City (N) (14) pens Live
CBSSN N.F.L. Rewind 2013 AFC Championship from Jan. 19, 2014. Boxing From Feb. 18, 2017. Boxing From Sept. 6, 2014. Boxing From Oct. 3, 2015. Boxing
CMT Last-Standing Last-Standing Rambo: First Blood (1982). Sylvester Stallone, Richard Crenna. (R) Rambo: First Blood Part II (1985). Sylvester Stallone, Richard Crenna. (R)
CN Wrld, Gumball We Bare Bears American Dad American Dad American Dad Rick and Morty Bob’s Burgers Bob’s Burgers Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Robot Chicken
CNBC CNBC Special Report (N) Shark Tank An unprecedented deal. Shark Tank A grown-up version of a Shark Tank Letters to Santa; winter Shark Tank An unprecedented deal. Shark Tank (PG) ALMA HAR’EL/FIRST RUN FEATURES
(PG) childhood toy. (PG) gloves. (PG) (PG)
CNN Erin Burnett OutFront (N) Coronavirus: Facts and Fears: A CNN Cuomo Prime Time (N) CNN Tonight with Don Lemon (N) CNN Tonight with Don Lemon (N) Coronavirus: Moni Yakim
Global Town Hall (N) (Live) Facts and Fears
COM The Office “Turf The Office (14) The Office “New The Office “Roy’s The Office “Andy’s The Office “Work The Office “Here The Office “The The Daily Show The Office “The South Park (MA) CREATING A CHARACTER: THE MONI YAKIM
War.” (PG) Guys.” (14) Wedding.” Ancestry.” Bus.” (PG) Comes Treble.” Boat.” (14) Whale.” (11:45) (12:15) LEGACY (2020) Stream on virtual cinemas.
COOK Best Thing Ate Best Thing Ate Carnival Eats (G) Carnival Eats (G) Carnival Eats (G) Carnival Eats (G) Yum-Yummer Yum-Yummer Best Thing Ate Best Thing Ate Carnival Eats (G) In a recent interview with The Times, the
CSPAN U.S. House of Representatives (N) Public Affairs Events Politics and Public Policy Today Politics-Public influential Juilliard acting teacher Moni
CSPAN2 U.S. Senate (N) Public Affairs Events Public Affairs Yakim offered his thoughts on what makes
CUNY Classic Arts Showcase (G) Science Movies Nueva York Twilight Talks Sound/N.Y. Sherlock Sherlock Diversecity (G) Building NY Democracy a great actor: “Hard work, dedication,
DIS Raven’s Home Bunk’d “Lava at Bunk’d “Town and Clown Relations.” Raven’s Home (G) Bunk’d “Whisper Bunk’d “My Fairy Gabby Duran & Bunk’d (G) Disney Fam Jam Just Roll With It developing your curiosity and your inter-
“Level Up.” (7:05) First Sight.” (7:35) (G) (8:50) Toots.” (G) (9:40) Lady.” (G) (10:05) the Unsittables (10:55) (G) (11:20) (Y7) (12:10)
est.” Yakim, who began teaching at Juilliard
DIY Pool Kings (G) Pool Kings (G) Insane Pools: Off the Deep End Insane Pools: Off the Deep End Insane Pools: Off the Deep End Insane Pools: Off the Deep End Insane Pools
in 1968, has influenced generations of
DSC Treasure Island with Bear Grylls “Wa- Treasure Island with Bear Grylls “Hide Naked and Afraid “Second Chances.” A survivalist tries to redeem herself. (N) Naked and Afraid XL “Boiling Point.” Treasure Island
ter Works.” (14) and Seek.” (N) (14) (14) (14) with Bear Grylls American performers, among them Jessica
E! Las Vegas “New Orleans.” (14) Las Vegas (14) Las Vegas “Nevada State.” (14) Las Vegas “Sons and Lovers.” (14) Las Vegas Mystery man. (14) Las Vegas (14) Chastain, Kevin Kline, Oscar Isaac and
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ESPN SportsCenter Boxing Jason Moloney vs. Leonardo Baez. From MGM Grand in Las Vegas. SportsCenter With Scott Van Pelt SportsCenter cludes interviews with many of them as it
ESPN2 The 2020 ESPYS Celebrating humanitarian efforts and the year in sports. The Last Dance The Last Dance The Last Dance The Last Dance explores Yakim’s journey to becoming a
ESPNCL College Football (6) College Football College Football teacher — he spent his childhood in Jerusa-
FOOD Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay Restaurant: Impossible (N) (G) Summer Rush (Season Finale) (N) Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay Restaurant: Im. lem and studied mime with Étienne De-
FOXNEWS The Story With Martha MacCallum Tucker Carlson Tonight (N) Hannity (N) The Ingraham Angle (N) Fox News at Night With Shannon Tucker Carlson croux and Marcel Marceau, among other
(N) Bream (N) Tonight pursuits — and his methods, with an em-
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FS1 Refuse to Lose: Jeff Gordon W.W.E. Friday Night SmackDown P.B.A. Summer Clash. From Bowlero Jupiter in Jupiter, Fla. TMZ Sports
FUSE The Parkers (PG) The Parkers (PG) Malcolm, Middle Malcolm, Middle Malcolm, Middle Malcolm, Middle The Parkers (PG) The Parkers (PG) White People White People My Wife & Kids
FX Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014). Colin Firth, Michael Caine. Spy agency hides behind tailor shop. Extreme Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017). Colin Firth, Julianne Moore. Surviving Kingsman agents
violence, delivered with a shrug. (R) join American counterparts. Numbingly glib. (R)
FXM Men of Honor (2000). Navy’s first black diver. Square and Thank You for Your Service (2017). Miles Teller, Haley Bennett. Iraq veterans Thank You for Your Service (2017). Miles Teller, Haley Bennett. Iraq veterans
sentimental, but at least it’s not cynical. (R) (5:45) come home to Kansas. Earnest macho weepie. (R) (8:25) come home to Kansas. Earnest macho weepie. (R) (10:40)
FXX The Simpsons The Simpsons Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Cake (N) (MA) Cake (MA) (10:33) Cake (MA) (11:06) Cake (MA) (11:40) Archer (12:13)
FYI Top Gear “RVs.” (PG) Top Gear “Mammoth Mountain.” Top Gear “Alaskan Adventure.” (PG) Top Gear “Cuba.” (PG) Top Gear “Big Bad Trucks.” (11:01) Top Gear (PG)
GOLF P.G.A. Korn Ferry Tour Golf Central P.G.A. Tour Golf Travelers Championship, first round. P.G.A.
GSN America Says America Says America Says Master Minds Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud
HALL Flip That Romance (2019, TVF). (6) A Taste of Summer (2019, TVF). Roselyn Sanchez, Eric Winter. Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls
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search for trapping grounds. (PG) (PG) scouting turns into a goat hunt. (N) food source. (N) (14) (10:03) (PG) (11:34) (PG) (12:03)
HLN Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Very Scary People “NorCal Rapist: Phantom Predator.” Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files
Billy Porter
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Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (PG) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) auteur, is one of the minds behind this
LIFE I Am Somebody’s Child: The Regina Twist of Faith (2013, TVF). Toni Braxton, David Julian Hirsh. Gospel communi- l Variety’s Power of Women: Front- The Simone Biles Story: Courage to Soar (2018, TVF). reboot of “The Twilight Zone,” Rod Serling’s
Louise Story (2019, TVF). (6) ty helps man whose family was murdered. line Heroes (N) (PG) Jeanté Godlock. Life of the superstar gymnast. (11:03)
LIFEMOV My Nightmare Landlord (2020, TVF). Inconceivable (2017). Gina Gershon, Faye Dunaway. A nanny becomes obsessed with her em- Psycho Stripper (2019, TVF). Karissa Lee Staples. Bach- Inconceivable
anthology series. The reboot’s first season,
Caroline Harris, Ignacyo Matynia. (6) ployers’ daughter. (R) elorette party dancer is obsessed with bride-to-be. (2017). (R) which debuted last year, included stories of
7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00 mystery — a disappearing flight, an alien
LOGO . Legally Blonde (2001). Reese RuPaul’s Drag Race: All Stars “Get a Room!” Boutique RuPaul’s Drag Race “Secret Celebrity Edition 104.” Comedy Cabaret Gay Skit Happens Gay Skit Happens abduction — with winks to the original
Witherspoon, Luke Wilson. (PG-13) (6) hotel suite experiences. (14) RuPaul saves the best for last. (14) (14) (14)
series. (“We take ourselves seriously but
MLB M.L.B. From Oct. 28, 1989. (6) M.L.B. From Oct. 27, 2018. All-Time Games
never too seriously,” Peele said of the show
MSG MSG 150-Home Best of Spree Best of Spree From Jan. 26, 2002. MSG 150-Home Best of Jagr
last year in an interview with The Times.
MSGPL Devils Rewind (6:30) Islanders Rewind From March 10, 2014. MSG 150-Home Islanders Rewind From Dec. 29, 2013.
“It can’t go so dark that it makes us want to
MSNBC MSNBC Live: Decision 2020 (N) All In With Chris Hayes (N) The Rachel Maddow Show (N) The Last Word The 11th Hour Rachel Maddow
curl up in a ball.”) The new, second season
MTV Double Shot at Love Double Shot at Love Revenge Prank Revenge Prank Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness
includes episodes with Billy Porter, Topher
NBCS 2016 Paralympic Games 2016 Paralympic Games 2016 Paralympic Games Gold medal game. Mecum Pre Mecum Auto Auctions
Grace, Sky Ferreira, Tony Hale and other
NGEO Titanic: The Final Word With James Cameron (PG) Titanic: 20 Years Later Back to the Titanic (PG) (10:03) Save Titanic: Treasures Nazi
familiar faces.
NICK SpongeBob SpongeBob Dr. Seuss’ the Lorax (2012). Voices of Danny DeVito, Ed Helms. (PG) Friends (PG) Friends (PG) Friends (PG) Friends (PG) Friends (14)
NICKJR Paw Patrol (Y) Blaze, Monster Bubble Guppies Blue’s Clues Peppa Pig (Y) Peppa Pig (Y) Peppa Pig (Y) Peppa Pig (Y) Bubble Guppies Blue’s Clues Peppa Pig (Y)
NY1
OVA
News/Evening Inside City Hall News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening
. The Terminator (1984). Linda Hamilton. Ruthless cyborg from future. Fast, vivid sci-fi. (R)
News/Evening News/Evening
Tremors (1990). Kevin Bacon. (PG-13)
News/Evening News All Night News All Night News All Night
Tremors II: Aftershocks (1996).
What’s on TV
OWN 20/20 on OWN “Haunting Words.” 20/20 on OWN (14) 20/20 on OWN (Part 1 of 2) (14) 20/20 on OWN (Part 2 of 2) (14) 20/20 on OWN (14) 20/20 on OWN
VARIETY’S POWER OF WOMEN: FRONTLINE
OXY Killer Couples (14) Killer Couples (N) (14) Killer Couples (14) Killer Couples (14) Dateline: Secrets Uncovered “A Shot in the Dark.”
HEROES 10 p.m. on Lifetime; streaming on
PARMT Two/Half Men Two/Half Men Dirty Grandpa (2016). Uptight lawyer and randy gramps do spring break. More crude than dirty. Dirty Grandpa (2016). Robert De Niro, Zac Efron. (R)
Facebook. Cate Blanchett, Patti LuPone and
SCIENCE Strange Evidence (PG) Strange Evidence (PG) Strange Evidence (N) (14) Strange Evidence “Omen of the Nuke Mutants.” (N) (14) Evidence
Janelle Monáe are the honorees at this
SMITH Inside Mighty Machines (PG) A-Bombs Over Nevada (14) America in Color (PG) Apocalypse: World War A-Bombs Over Nevada (14) Smithsonian
year’s edition of Variety’s Power of Women,
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an event hosted by Variety magazine to
STZENF Ice Age: The Meltdown (6:27) . My Girl 2 (1994). Anna Chlumsky. (PG) (7:59) . Field of Dreams (1989). Kevin Costner, Amy Madigan. (PG) (9:39) Problem Child 2 (1991). (11:26)
recognize philanthropic efforts. The broad-
SUN Law & Order “Enemy.” An Afghan war- Law & Order “Fixed.” A motorist strikes Law & Order “Mammon.” Detectives Law & Order “Ain’t No Love.” Shooting Law & Order “Fluency.” Fake flu vac- Law & Order “Ob-
lord is suspected. (14) a child-murderer. (14) suspect the victim’s wife. (14) death of a rap legend. (14) cine. (14) session.” (14) cast will also pay tribute to doctors, nurses,
SYFY The Mummy Returns (2000). Archaeologists and son in action adventure. . John Wick (2014). Keanu Reeves, Michael Nyqvist. Ex-assassin takes ex- SYFY Wire’s the Edge of Tomorrow (2014). Tom teachers and others on the front lines of the
Makes Indiana Jones seem like Henry James. (PG-13) (6:05) treme revenge. Stylish and brilliantly simple. (R) Great Debate (N) Cruise, Emily Blunt. (PG-13) (11:31) pandemic, and will feature virtual appear-
TBS The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Misery Index Conan (14) The Misery Index Seinfeld “The ances by some of the event’s past honorees,
ory (14) ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) (N) (14) (14) Phone Message.”
including Tiffany Haddish, Nicole Kidman
TCM Hollywood My Hometown (1965). New Orleans (1947). Arturo de Cordova. A jazz story, with . Lady Sings the Blues (1972). Diana Ross, Billy Dee Williams. Lurid biotrash but wonderful Ross as Billie Holiday.
Documentary. plenty of it. Billie sings six songs, sublimely. (R) (9:45) and Natalie Portman.
TLC Hoarding: Buried Alive (PG) Hoarding: Buried Alive (PG) Hoarding: Buried Alive (PG) Hoarding: Buried Alive (PG) Hoarding: Buried Alive (PG) Hoard-Buried GABE COHN
TNT Bones “The Diamond in the Rough.” Rush Hour (1998). L.A. detective and Hong Kong supercop on kidnapping Rush Hour 2 (2001). Jackie Chan, Chris Tucker. Detectives battle Hong Kong Rush Hour 3
(14) case. Kick-happy buddy film, delivered with prankster’s ease. (PG-13) gangster and henchmen. Ramshackle sequel, but fun to watch. (PG-13) (2007). (PG-13)
ONLINE: TELEVISION LISTINGS
TRAV Ghost Adventures (PG) Ghost Adventures (PG) Ghost Adventures (N) (PG) Kindred Spirits (N) (PG) Ghost Adventures “Melrose Hotel.” Ghost Adv.
Daily television highlights, recent reviews by
TRU Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Tournament of Laughs (MA) Imp. Jokers The Times's critics, series recaps and what to
TVLAND Andy Griffith Andy Griffith Love-Raymond Everybody Loves Raymond (8:45) Love-Raymond Two/Half Men Two/Half Men King of Queens King of Queens King of Queens watch recommendations. nytimes.com/tv
USA Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Chicago P.D. “A Beautiful Friendship.” Chicago P.D. “Call It Macaroni.” Bur- Modern Family
“Sanctuary.” (Part 2 of 2) (14) “Complicated.” (14) “Unintended Consequences.” (14) (14) gess meets her new partner. (14) (PG) (12:01)
Definitions of symbols used in Ratings:
VH1 I Love New York (14) I Love New York “Momma’s Boys.” I Love New York “The Final Adios.” I Love New York “Reunion.” (14) Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out the program listings: (Y) All children
VICE Always Sunny Always Sunny Always Sunny Always Sunny Shipping Wars Shipping Wars Shipping Wars Shelter in Place VICE News Shipping Wars Shipping Wars ★ Recommended film (Y7) Directed to older children
✩ Recommended series (G) General audience
WE Growing Up Hip Hop “Pop Up, Pop Growing Up Hip Hop “Fire & Desire.” Growing Up Hip Hop Atlanta “Bow in Untold Stories of Hip Hop “Quarantined with Kelly Row- Growing Up Hip Hop Atlanta “Bow in ● New or noteworthy program (PG) Parental guidance
Off.” (14) (6:48) (14) (7:48) the Q.” (N) (14) land & LaLa Anthony.” (N) (14) (10:12) the Q.” (14) (N) New show or episode suggested
WGN-A How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met Married . With (CC) Closed-caption (14) Parents strongly cautioned
(HD) High definition (MA) Mature audience only
YES Moments of Moments of Moments of Moments of Moments of Moments of M.L.B. From Sept. 22, 2019.
6 STEALTH ART, WITH FLOWERS 2 DESIGNER D.I.Y.

‘Who isn’t looking for a little Rick Owens embroiders a

joy?’ BY JESSICA SHAW handkerchief. BY GUY TREBAY
2 CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK 2 EVERYTHING MUST GO

The message in the president’s Long Tall Sally will shut down
untied tie. BY VANESSA FRIEDMAN after 44 years. BY JESSICA TESTA

FASHION BEAUTY NIGHTLIFE THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020 D1

N

She is busier than

ever, and a lot more
serene than you
might expect.
By GUY TREBAY
There are so many Naomi Campbells, you
never know which you will get.
There is goddess Naomi, whose verified
superpowers (ask any eyewitness) include
an ability to part seas of people and alter the
electrical charge in a room. There are cover
girl Naomi, campaign Naomi and runway
Naomi, whose catwalk strut is unlikely to
ever be outclassed. There is vulnerable Na-
omi, the unexpectedly bashful human who
first appeared on the modeling scene at the
tender age of 15.
There is activist Naomi, who called Nel-
son Mandela Granddad, and there is party
girl Naomi, who wears a string of playboy
and oligarch heads strung from her belt.
There is golden-hearted Naomi who “would
give you the Prada off her back,” as an old
friend recently noted. And there is cold-
hearted Naomi who, when a close friend
needed funds for heroin rehab, turned her
back.
“Fighting on arrival, fighting for sur-
vival,” the modeling agent Bethann Hardi-
son, Ms. Campbell’s lifelong guide and pro-

11 Things
tector, once said of her.
And despite struggles with the race-
based inequalities too long unchecked in
fashion, Ms. Campbell has not only re-
mained in the public eye for three decades
— light-years in the modeling business —
but has also reinvented herself, after 50

About
years on earth, as a digital media phenom-
enon.
Her show, “Being Naomi,” is both vacant
and mesmerizing, almost Warholian level,
and a canny master class for the aspiring
brand-building narcissist.
Ms. Campbell, who was born in London
and recently turned 50, has kept busy dur-

Naomi
ing and beyond lockdown at a friend’s house
in Los Angeles. She shares her daily work-
outs with the Ocho System founder Joe
Holder on Instagram, attends virtual recov-
ery meetings, has become the first face of
the Pat McGrath Labs makeup line and
tapes “No Filter” interviews with old

Campbell
friends and colleagues like Sharon Stone,
Marc Jacobs and Cindy Crawford. Just this
week she conducted a disarmingly frank
beauty tutorial for Vogue’s YouTube
channel.
Reached by phone on a Friday evening in
early June, Ms. Campbell talked about what
it is like to be Naomi.
CONTINUED ON PAGE D3

Naomi Campbell, who has kept busy during

and beyond lockdown at a friend’s house
in Los Angeles, via FaceTime.

GIONCARLO VALENTINE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Changing of the Guard at CrossFit

A plan to sell the company is
announced amid reports of
sexism and other mistreatment.
By KATHERINE ROSMAN
When Greg Glassman resigned this month
as chief executive of CrossFit, excoriated
for comments about George Floyd’s death
on Twitter and in a Zoom meeting, people
who have worked there were surprised his
downfall was tied to accusations of racism.
They had assumed the reason would be rou-
tine and rampant sexual harassment.
Interviews with eight former employees,
and four CrossFit athletes with strong ties
to the company, reveal a management
culture rife with overt and vulgar talk about
women: their bodies; how much male em- VIA MERRELL

ployees, primarily Mr. Glassman, would

like to have sex with them; and how lucky
the women should feel to have his rabid
interest.
Sandals Step Up
VICTOR J. BLUE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES According to the dozen interviewed, Mr. Water shoes go from the rivers
Greg Glassman, the former chief executive of CrossFit, at an event in Brooklyn in 2013. CONTINUED ON PAGE D4 to city streets. Page 5.
D2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020

Designer D.I.Y. Rick Owens EVERYTHING MUST GO

A Few Strands of Love Long Tall Sally, ‘Rocked’

By GUY TREBAY
“During my mom’s Mexican youth, girls used to embroider their
boyfriend’s initials on a handkerchief with their own hair,” Rick
By Pandemic, Is Closing
Owens wrote in an email from Paris, where he and his wife, Michèle herself to ask them to make
Lamy, live. Though hair can be a disconcerting substance when not For 44 years, the British sleeves two inches longer. But the
attached to one’s own head, it has a rich history of use as a memen- retailer has outfitted first store was “almost immedi-
to mori, used through the ages by artists, hobbyists, fetishists and
smitten teens. leggy shoppers to a T. ately successful,” she said.
“It was powered by feminism
“I loved that story,” Mr. Owens said. “So I asked my mom to
and a crusade and a pioneering
embroider a handkerchief with her hair for me.” By JESSICA TESTA
Years later, when the designer’s friends started having children, he plucked strands of spirit — because I felt tall women
There have never been many were being discriminated
his signature raven locks and embroidered the newborns’ initials on baby blankets that
places to buy a pair of black against,” Ms. Rich said. “I have
he gave to the new parents as gifts.
Though the baroque atmospherics of the instructions below are not required (Mr. leather ankle boots in size 13 — had the experience of going into
Owens may have been, as he wrote, on magic mushrooms when he composed them), it about four sizes larger than the stores and people looking at me
probably helps to be in some kind of swoon while you sew. widely accepted average size for and shaking their heads.”
ILLUSTRATIONS BY SAMANTHA HAHN
women’s shoes. Now, with the clo- Ms. Rich, who sold the company
sure of Long Tall Sally, there are in 2005, learned of Long Tall
even fewer. Sally’s closure a few days before
That news, announced by the the public was told. She wasn’t
44-year-old British retailer, re- surprised by the thousands of dis-
sulted in “a quite tangible out- appointed comments left on social
pouring of grief,” said Vicky Shep- media. (“So sad to hear,” Crystal
herd, the company’s spokeswom- Langhorne, a W.N.B.A. player,
an. wrote on Instagram. “You will be
Long Tall Sally sells women’s truly missed.”) The store may
wear and accessories for tall peo- never have become a household
ple: pants with extended inseams, name, but if you were a tall woman
tops designed for longer torsos, who liked to shop online, you very
shoes up to size 15. The clothes are likely knew it.
uncomplicated and office friendly, One vocal contingent among
appealing to broad swaths of the many mourners was tall trans-
shoppers — more Gap than Fash- gender women, who had for years
ion Nova, though at a higher price praised Long Tall Sally’s selection
point. It is the only retailer of its while swapping shopping tips on-
kind, where tall shoppers can line.
browse a diverse inventory with- “When I go to Long Tall Sally, I
out worrying about hemlines know I’m going to find something
landing three inches above the
Step 1 Step 2 point they’re supposed to land.
that can fit me,” said Rachel
Wheeler, 39, a shopper in southern
Wash your silky hair in the milk of a don- “Air-dry your hair by hanging it off a They’re not confined to one de-
key, “just as Claudette Colbert did while balcony in morning sun, combing and England who often bought basics
Your Tool Kit partment in a shop; everything is
playing Empress Poppea,” Mr. Owens untangling it with a fine-toothed mother- (like jeans and shoes) from the
■ Three long strands of your own hair made for them. store.
wrote, referring to the actress’s racy turn of-pearl comb while the Montserrat Ca-
■ One 35-by-35-inch silk handkerchief The store will cease operations “I am stuck,” she said. “I have
in “The Sign of the Cross,” Cecil B. De- ballé version of Camille Saint-Saëns’s
■ One Clover No. 3-9 gold-eye embroi- at the end of August, citing in its no idea what I’m going to do.”
Mille’s 1932 pre-Code epic. TREsemmé ‘Mon coeur s’ouvre a ta voix’ plays in the
dery needle would probably work just as well if you background,” Mr. Owens wrote. closing announcement the “very
■ An embroidery hoop can’t find donkey’s milk in the dairy aisle. sudden and very profound impact
of Covid-19.”
Even before the global pan-
demic, Long Tall Sally was strug-
gling, largely because of growing
competition from affordable e-
commerce behemoths like Asos
offering tall categories, Ms. Shep-
herd said. In 2018, the company
began moving entirely online,
closing the brick-and-mortar
stores that were once spread
across Britain, Germany and
North America. (The United
States presently accounts for 35
percent of sales, according to Ms.
Shepherd.)
“We really, really tried to make
it work,” Ms. Shepherd said. “But
the curse of Covid — it has rocked
us, and we can’t see how we can
claw back from it.”
Long Tall Sally was founded in
London in 1976 by Judy Rich, then
a 33-year-old American entrepre-
Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 neur who had been six feet tall PA IMAGES, VIA GETTY IMAGES
Lightly pencil the desired initials on the Take three long healthy strands of hair Slip on a thimble and start embroidering since she was 13. She named her
silk hankie, then stretch it over “your from your head and thread them through the initials of the one you love. “Find a West End store after the Little A look from the Long Tall
prettiest” embroidery hoop. the needle simultaneously. “Using a single cozy place to sit outside under a tree,” Mr. Richard song, initially offering Sally 1982 fall collection,
strand will take forever,” he said. Owens said. “This could very well take all three sizes. Back then, she had to shown at the Weig House
day.” knock on manufacturers’ doors Gallery, London.

CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK

In a Tie Undone, Seeing the Truth About Trump

A presidential accessory
becomes a symbol after a
campaign rally in Oklahoma.
By VANESSA FRIEDMAN
It is the picture of the tie, like the echo of the
words, that lingers. The tie no longer se-
cured in its big, boastful knot, but rather
hanging limply around the neck, like a
boxer on the ropes. The tie that has been as
close to a sartorial spirit animal as Presi-
dent Trump has had, along with his red
MAGA hat and his elaborately constructed
hair, completely untied.
The tie as it was in the small hours of Sun- TRANSFORMING
day morning as the president arrived at An- WHAT WA S ONCE
drews military base from his ill-fated cam- A CLEAR SIG N OF
paign rally in Tulsa, Okla., later landing by STRENGTH INTO
helicopter at the White House and striding ONE OF D EFEAT.
across the South Lawn, MAGA cap crushed
in one hand. The tie as most observers could
never remember seeing it before, at least
around the neck of this president.
Together, the two accessories created an
image as striking as those of the sparsely
populated rows in Tulsa, and the empty
overflow area outside. And as potentially
symbolic, though probably not in the way
Mr. Trump would like.
After all, this is not a president who as-
cribes to the shirt-sleeves photo op. Not
someone who invites his electorate in to see
him, jacket tossed aside, elbows deep in
work at his desk. Not someone interested,
DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
like former President Barack Obama and
former Prime Minister David Cameron of
Britain or even former Vice President Jo- staged march across Lafayette Park to St. everyone of the party’s Reagan heyday; of bolism gets pretty loaded. As one observer A sartorially relaxed
seph R. Biden Jr., who seems equally com- John’s Church in response to the protests in the good old times when everyone dressed tweeted, “I mean, when does a baseball President Trump arriving
fortable with or without a tie, in announcing Washington. according to establishment role; represent- coach scrunch up their team cap — it ain’t at Joint Base Andrews in
his sensitivity to the younger generation It’s a tenet that was clearly on display in ing, in all its ridiculous, below-the-belt when they’re winning, is it?” Maryland early on Sunday.
and their value system by willingly reject- Tulsa not just in his own uniform — the flag- length — well, who knows? Something! Nope. It’s usually when they are about to
ing the suit. reflecting blue suit, white shirt, red tie — Manhood or power or Mr. Trump’s willing- throw it on the ground and jump up and
He is, rather, someone who believes but in supporting acts that included Lara ness to stretch the rules (he also Scotch- down on it in frustration and disgust, be-
deeply in the pageantry of his office, of air- Trump, his son Eric’s wife and a Trump taped the back, remember?). The psycho- cause nothing is going according to plan. At
brushed calculation (see: Ivana, Melania, campaign adviser, in a white wrap dress; logical speculation has been endless, and least in the movies, from which Mr. Trump
even Jared), branding and the power of cos- Kimberly Guilfoyle, his son Donald Jr.’s girl- varied. does seem to derive most of his cues.
tume. Be that pageantry in the generals friend and chairwoman of the Trump Vic- The problem is, when the tie becomes a Which is why, through all the bombast
whom he famously once lauded as “straight tory Finance Committee, in bright blue sign of victory, it can also be a sign of defeat. and brouhaha, the denialism and accusa-
from central casting” or his disastrously wrap dress; and Kayleigh McEnany, the So it looked Sunday morning. Sure, it was tions, that both characterized the flop in Ok-
White House press secretary, in red, like a very early. You can understand why a tie lahoma and followed it, the unplanned
CORRECTION matching patriotic array. might be undone. But Mr. Trump under- photo op stood out as a rare moment of
An article last Thursday about recent online And when it comes to Mr. Trump’s cos- stands as well as anyone that he is always truth, caught on camera. It was real Reality
jewelry auctions misstated the clarity of a tume, the tie matters. Especially the bright on display, always playing his part. There TV.
diamond being auctioned by Christie’s. As red tie, which he made his doppelgänger isn’t really a backstage in his job, especially The campaign rally was supposed to be
stated elsewhere in the article, it is graded during the 2016 campaign, glowing in all its during his entrance and exit moments. the start of a new stage (pun intended).
VVS1; it is not flawless. Republican glory; subliminally reminding Add to that the cap in hand, and the sym- Maybe it actually will be.

11 Things About Naomi Campbell
CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
1. Unconscious bias was never
unconscious.
“Of course, it is race-based,” Ms. Campbell
said of the bias in fashion that kept the deck
stacked against the black creators who
Anna Wintour recently conceded had not
been given enough “space” in places like
Vogue.
“But I never expected things to come to
me easy,” said Ms. Campbell, a woman
whom the chiffon warrior, André Leon Tal-
ley, once called “a self-made cyclone of ener-
gy, style and drama.”
2. She dealt with it in the usual way.
“I knew I had to work extra hard, and when
I think about it now, I’m grateful to have had
a lot of strong women in my family showing
me how to stay strong physically and men-
tally if you want to survive and strive,” Ms.
Campbell said. “I’ve always been raised, by
my mother, my nana, the wonderful strong
women in my family, from this strong ances-
try to understand that whatever I was going
to do, I had to do it 110 percent.”
Ms. Campbell’s heritage is a combination
of Afro-Jamaican and Chinese-Jamaican.
(Her Chinese-Jamaican grandmother was
Pearline Ming.)
3. But don’t call her a survivor.
“It’s adaptation,” she said. “Back in the day,
I would say: ‘Why am I doing this if I’m not
getting treated the same as my counter-
parts? Why am I not earning the same
money?’ Luckily, I had wonderful people
like Bethann that I would call, and she
would explain to me why it would be benefi-
cial to go forward and do it and we’ll see the
results in the long run.”
4. Maybe say pragmatist instead.
“If I thought things were unjust, I had to say
something,” said Ms. Campbell, whose
record on the subject is somewhat mixed.
True, she was a founder of the Black Girls
Coalition, a group organized to address
race-based inequities in fashion. It is also
true that she once tried to squelch the ca-
reer of a newcomer named Tyra Banks.
“This is to do with me I am talking about,
my career,” she said. “The point is to try to
make the best of the situation you’re dealing
with. I don’t look at it as surviving. I look at
it as life.”
5. She has depended on the kindness of
strangers.
“I am blessed with the people I’ve had in my
life, the influences of their wonderful great
minds and spirits and beings,” said a wom-
an whose Rolodex — if people still kept such
things — would be the size of a tire on a 16-
wheeler.
“I think of Azzedine Alaïa and Nelson
Mandela. I got to meet them, live with them,
know them, be around them, consider them
family. You sometimes don’t realize when
people are here that you could never think
of the planet without them. Then, when they
go, suddenly the panic sets in: What do I
do? Who do I run to?”
6. She found spirituality, but only after
the drugs.
“What I found is that this strength comes,”
Ms. Campbell said. “All the connections, ev-
erything you ever had with them, comes to
you in another form. They’re still here and
pushing you. When Papa passed away, it
was such a shock.” Mr. Alaïa, the Tunisian
couturier who effectively parented Ms.
Campbell throughout her career, died in
2017 at 82. “I was really thrown,” she said.
“But then this strength came to me from
somewhere, I don’t know, I can only say
from him. I realized I had to do more, help
more, be there more.”
Provocative
Purchases
Sales of lingerie have been
thriving during lockdown.
By RACHEL FELDER
When lockdown began a few months ago, as
some women adopted sweatpants and
worn-in tees as a virtual uniform, others
were buying apparel that’s considerably
more alluring: lacy push-up bras, slinky
thongs and other undergarments that are
more characteristically reserved for P.P.E.-
free, socially undistanced activities.
On La Perla’s website, for example, sales
of the Ambra collection, an assortment of
pieces that includes delicate balconette
bras and high-cut panties adorned with
French Leavers lace, increased 200 percent
in the period between April 1 and mid-May
compared with the six weeks that preceded
it.
Figleaves, the British online lingerie re-
tailer, reports that sales in the United States
of its Pulse collection, which includes or-
nately detailed low-cut bras and sheer-back
Brazilian panties, more than doubled be-
tween March and April, and nearly doubled
again between April and May.
Between March and the end of May,
thong sales on Le Mystère’s website more
than doubled compared with the same peri-
od last year. (It’s worth nothing that in the
lingerie business, sales are usually slow in
the weeks after Valentine’s Day.)
More risqué styles proved popular, too. At
Journelle, a lingerie merchant that, until re-
cently, had been selling solely online after
its boutiques closed on March 17, purchases
of its Natalia Ouvert style, a skimpy bikini
with a large open section that leaves little of
“I am blessed with the
people I’ve had in my life,
the influences of their
wonderful great minds and
spirits and beings,” Naomi
Campbell said.
Hmm. Should I
go with the N95
mask, or some
racy lace?
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
7. She believes in that second A.
“I’m very proud of my recovery and proud
to be in recovery and would never hide that
fact,” said Ms. Campbell, whose much publi-
cized anger management issues may have
been fueled in part by chemical depend-
ence. (Alexander McQueen used to joke to
friends that they should hide their phones
when Ms. Campbell came to visit.)
“We’re not supposed to promote recov-
ery, but I am not in denial of any of that,” she
said. “It has been a great help to me in other
areas of my life.”
8. The steps in 12-step programs are
more than metaphor.
“I’m the kind of person that needs struc-
ture,” said Ms. Campbell, who has an indi-
the wearer’s derrière to the imagination,
were up nearly 50 percent in April and May
over the two preceding months. The terms
“ouvert” and “crotchless” are now among
the Top 10 search terms on its website.
On the Kiki de Montparnasse website,
sales from March 22 to May 27 of several op-
tions of panties and bras with exposed areas
topped the sales of those styles for all of last
year, according to a representative for the
brand. Fleur du Mal, which designs and
sells lingerie that’s both luxurious and sug-
gestive, quickly sold out of four styles of its
crotchless panties online after its New York
City boutique closed on March 15.
“Anything that’s on that racier, sexier side
— our strappy bondage styles, our open bra
styles, garter belts — is moving,” said Jenni-
fer Zuccarini, the Fleur du Mal founder.
Guido Campello, the co-chief executive of
Journelle, offered an explanation, suggest-
ing that for some couples, confinement may
be encouraging intimacy that is outside of
typical comfort zones. “They’ve gotten to
know each other and gotten a lot closer, and
they’ve gotten more creative,” he said.
Jenni Burt, who heads Figleaves, likes to
GIONCARLO VALENTINE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
vidual relationship to time, and who was, for
instance, two hours late for the Zoom photo
session for this article; who was once fired
at first meeting by the producer-director
Lee Daniels for being three hours late to an
audition (an incident that resulted in a
screaming match followed by an acting gig
and an enduring friendship); and who nev-
ertheless must own a very big alarm clock,
since she has somehow managed to rise on
time to be photographed for the 300 maga-
zine covers that have been graced with her
image. “That’s how I function best.”
9. She is a routine queen.
“I have a routine I kept during quarantine,”
she said. “Get up, pray, shower, work out. In
times like this, you need that sense of famil-
think of lingerie as the new “occasion-wear.”
The emotional boost it provides, she said, is
different from what comes with picking up a
T-shirt bra or multipack of utilitarian briefs.
“It’s all about making you feel great from
the inside out,” Ms. Burt said.
Or as Pascal Perrier, the chief executive
of La Perla, put it: “What else can you do
from home actually? Do you buy a Gucci
handbag? No, because you have plenty al-
ready, and you don’t go out. You buy food —
OK, that box is ticked. ‘How about myself?
What can I buy for myself that I’m going to
enjoy?’”
That enjoyment can come at a steep
price: Many of La Perla’s bras are around
$400, and Fleur du Mal’s “cheeky” lace un-
derpants, with an especially high-cut back,
are just under $100. But then, alluring lin-
gerie is available at many price points, in-
cluding at mass retailers like Walmart and
Target.
Overall, sales of lace bras increased 37
percent between the first half of April and
the second, according to NPD Group, the
market research company.
“What I think is really happening is that
N D3
‘The point is to
try to make the
best of the
situation you’re
dealing with.’
iarity and routine to keep your mind and
spirit in a safe space.” You also need, to
judge by Ms. Campbell’s Vogue YouTube
tutorial, a foolproof 10-minute method for
beating your face with skills so refined that
they may give Bianca Del Rio pause.
10. The Federal Aviation Administration
should hire her.
“I never made that to go viral,” Ms. Camp-
bell said of the 2019 video of her flight sani-
tizing ritual, which has more than 2.9 mil-
lion views on YouTube and which, though it
may once have seemed extreme, ought to
be required viewing for anyone planning to
board a plane again.
Ms. Campbell began routinely wearing
face masks to fly in the early years of the
century. “In Japan I was seeing everyone in
these masks, and I thought, ‘This makes
sense,’ ” she said. Some 15 years on, her
methodology stops just short of traveling
with a decontaminating Aerosolizer
(though she has been seen in a hazmat
suit).
“I thought, ‘I can bring my wipes and
wipe it all down, no insult to any airline,’ ”
she said. “It was what I needed to do to
make myself feel comfortable.”
11. She understands that wherever you
go, there you are.
“This virus, the lives it has taken, is devas-
tating, and yet being still, being in one place,
can be amazing,” said Ms. Campbell, who
has logged more planetary orbits than most
satellites. “If there is one thing that I’ve
learned in this lifetime so far, it is that
there’s no getting away from anything.
We’ve got to face our fears and go through
the emotions.”
“Many things in life didn’t work out for
me. It’s OK. I tried. It’s a good thing to be
able to look at yourself in that mirror, no
running or rushing about — just me, myself
and I. At the end of the day, you have got to
be able to sit with yourself in solitude, or you
aren’t alive.”
Two items from
Journelle’s Natalia
collection.
sexy lingerie is self-care,” said Todd Mick,
NPD’s innerwear analyst. And, Mr. Mick
noted, shopping online is conducive to the
sale of racier pieces.
“You can purchase sexy stuff in the pri-
vacy of your home,” he said. That, he said, is
also driving sales.
For those who are social distancing alone,
buying seductive lingerie is more of an em-
powering indulgence than an amorous ac-
cessory. Take, for instance, Tracy Henry, 46,
a health care executive who has been alone
in her Weehawken, N.J., apartment since
mid-March, working remotely. She recently
bought several ultrafeminine items from
the Journelle website, including a sheer
mesh and lace underwire bodysuit that she
wears during Zoom calls, tucked discreetly
underneath a blazer and jeans.
“The thing of it is, irrespective of our cir-
cumstances and the quarantine situation, I
think it’s really so important to celebrate
you,” Ms. Henry said.
“A part of that celebration is wearing
that,” she added, referring to enticing un-
derwear. “It makes me happy.”
D4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020

Female Gamers
Tell of Sexism
And Harassment
Allegations on Twitter prompt
companies and streamers to
respond with action.
By TAYLOR LORENZ
and KELLEN BROWNING
More than 70 people in the gaming industry,
most of them women, have come forward
with allegations of gender-based discrimi-
nation, harassment and sexual assault
since last Friday. They have shared their
stories in statements posted to Twitter,
YouTube, Twitch and the blogging platform
TwitLonger.
The outpouring of stories from competi-
tive gamers and streamers, who broadcast
their gameplay on platforms like Twitch for
money, led to the resignation of the chief ex-
ecutive of a prominent talent management
company for streamers and a moment of re-
flection for an industry that has often con-
tended with sexism, bullying and allega-
tions of abuse.
Already, the response has been a far cry
from Gamergate in 2014, when women
faced threats of death and sexual assault for
critiquing the industry’s male-dominated,
sexist culture. Now, some are optimistic
that real change could come.
Gamers began sharing their stories after
a Twitter user who posts as Hollowtide
tweeted about an unnamed “top” player of
the online game Destiny on Friday night, re-
ferring to the person as a “scum lord.” Three
female streamers, JewelsVerne, SheSnaps
and SchviftyFive, saw the post and decided
to come forward about their experiences
with the gamer in question, who is known
online both as Lono and SayNoToRage.
The women posted their allegations, in-
cluding nonconsensual touching, proposi-
tioning for sex and harassment, on Twitter
using their streamer handles. (The stream-
ers did not provide their legal names to The
New York Times. Previously, women in
gaming who have spoken out against the in-
dustry using their legal names have been
subjected to further harassment, hacking
and doxxing.)
In interviews with The New York Times,
when asked to describe their experiences
with Lono, the streamers asked a reporter
to refer to their public statements on Twit-
ter, TwitLonger and Twitch.
Lono responded to their Twitter accusa-
tions in a YouTube video posted on Satur-
day. “There is no excuse for my behavior,”
he said in the video. “There is no way to
gloss over it. The things I did were unac-
ceptable. Being inappropriate with these
people robbed them of their sense of safety
and security and it broke trust, and I am
deeply sorry.” (He declined to speak to a re-
porter from The Times on Monday and
would not share his last name.)
After those accusations, other streamers
began to open up about their experiences
with high-profile men in the industry, in-
cluding fellow streamers, YouTubers, game
developers and talent managers.
Jessica Richey, 28, a streamer and con-
tent creator in New York City, began compil-
ing the allegations into a Twitter thread.
Ms. Richey said in an interview on Sun-
day that she received more than 50 direct
messages from people asking that their
stories be added to her thread. On Monday
morning, she compiled all of the allegations
in a Medium post, which was shared widely
Gamers at TwitchCon, a major streamer conference, in 2018. Fellow streamers, fans and companies have shown support for the women speaking out.
within the streaming community.
“I’m not casting judgment or asking any-
‘I feel that one to witch hunt those who are named,”
it’s my Ms. Richey said. “I’m trying to give sur-
vivors of these issues a voice so they don’t
responsibility feel alone or gaslit based on their experi-
ences in this industry.”
to speak up.’ Molly Fender Ayala, a Twitch streamer
and community development lead for the
video game Overwatch, posted a message
on Twitter on Sunday morning in which she
accused Omeed Dariani, the chief executive
of Online Performers Group, a talent man-
agement agency that works with many
streamers, of acting inappropriately toward
her and propositioning her for a threesome
in 2014. (Ms. Ayala denied a request for
comment. Mr. Dariani did not respond to
multiple requests for comment.)
“I feel that it’s my responsibility to speak
up,” Ms. Ayala wrote, so that other women
in the streaming and gaming world “know
that this isn’t ‘just how the industry is.’ ”
Mr. Dariani responded to Ms. Ayala’s alle-
gations in a Twitter thread on Sunday. “I do
not specifically recall the conversation ref-
erenced, but I’m not going to sit here and
argue about whether or not it happened,” he
wrote. “Because I promised I would believe
women. Even, and probably most espe-
cially when I’m the person being called out.
And I do believe her. So as far as I am con-
cerned, this happened.”
That night, he stepped down as chief ex-
ecutive.
“OPG is a special company,” he wrote on
Twitter. “It has created opportunity where
none existed before. The talented women
and men who work there pour their hearts
into it daily. Give them a chance. Please
don’t destroy it because you’re angry at
me.”
Some of the accusations saw a swift re-
sponse. At least one company, Astro Gam-
ing, said it would stop sponsoring Lono and
two other streamers who had faced accusa-
tions. High-profile streamers and clients
quickly cut ties with the Online Performers
Group. Facebook Gaming temporarily sus-
pended one streamer after public allega-
tions of domestic abuse.
Brooke Thorne, 32, a streamer and gamer
in Britain who is managed by Online Per-
formers Group, announced that she would
be stepping away at the end of her contract.
She said that in light of Ms. Ayala’s allega-
tions and the way Mr. Dariani responded,
she no longer wanted to be associated with
the company.
She noted that sexism and misconduct in
the industry ran deeper than one person or
one company. “When it’s one call-out, it’s a
problem with a person,” Ms. Thorne said.
“When there’s a ton of call-outs, it’s a prob-
lem with the industry.”
As more allegations surfaced over the
weekend, gaming companies and corporate
partners struggled to respond. “It’s not just
other members of the streaming communi-
ty taking notice,” said Chase, the head of
communications at Stream Elements, a
livestreaming tools provider, who goes by
only his first name. “Brands and companies
that work with streamers are seeing who
these individuals are and might not want to
associate with them on future endeavors.”
This isn’t the first time gaming has been
said to be having its #MeToo moment. Last
summer, several game developers went
public with accusations of sexual assault,
harassment and abuse, and they were met
with a swift backlash from the gaming com-
munity. The reaction has been different this
time.
Streamers, fans and companies have
shown support for the women speaking out.
Kenzie Gordon, a Ph.D. candidate at the
University of Alberta who studies gaming
in relation to prevention of sexual and do-
mestic violence, said that “if studios get to
the point where people are actually being
fired for these accusations and stepping
down and there’s some actual structural
change happening,” that would be evidence
of a “watershed” moment.
Twitch released a Twitter statement on
Sunday saying that the company took “ac-
cusations of sexual harassment and mis-
conduct extremely seriously” and was
“looking into the accounts concerning
streamers affiliated with Twitch and will
work with law enforcement where applica-
ble.” A Twitch spokeswoman declined to
comment further.
On Monday, streamers began calling for a
“Twitch blackout,” in which users would re-
ROBERT REINERS/GETTY IMAGES
frain from using the platform on Wednes-
day to pressure the company to address
racism and sexual misconduct.
That night, the chief executive of Twitch,
Emmett Shear, shared an internal company
email on Twitter that stated that Twitch was
“looking into all the incidents and will be co-
operating with law enforcement.”
“We support people coming forward,
commend their bravery in doing so, and
know there are many others who have not,”
he continued. “The gaming industry is not
unlike others that have had to reckon with
systemic sexism, racism, and abuse that re-
wards certain people and disadvantages —
even harms — others. The status quo needs
to change.”
Gaming scholars said the community
might be more receptive to addressing alle-
gations of sexual misconduct this time
around after embracing social activism dur-
ing the recent Black Lives Matter protests.
“It did seem like there is a wellspring of
support that might have been there in the
past, but because of the times we’re in, it
seemed to me even more profound and sup-
portive,” said Jennifer Jenson, who studies
video games and gender at the University
of British Columbia.
It’s also possible that “we’ve just hit a
critical mass of these allegations coming
out over and over,” Ms. Gordon said.
The gaming industry is particularly con-
ducive to a culture of misogyny and sexual
harassment, Ms. Gordon said, because
straight white men have “created the iden-
tity of the gamer as this exclusive property.”
When women, people of color or L.G.B.T.Q.
people try to break into the industry, she
said, the “toxic geek masculinity” pushes
back in ways that often lead to sexual abuse
and bullying.
Gaming studios are often reluctant to
defy those fans, Ms. Gordon said, but re-
cently it has become clear that there is a de-
mand for a variety of video games that ap-
peal to all types of people, which requires
more diversity among game designers and
could necessitate changes in the industry.
“I think there really needs to be this top-
down reorganization,” she said. “Setting up
a diversity committee is not going to solve
this problem.”

Changing of the Guard at CrossFit

CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
Glassman, 63, has verbally demeaned
women, pulled at their clothes to try to peek
at their cleavage and aimed his phone’s
camera to snap photos of their breasts while
they traveled with him for work (some-
times pressuring them to consider sharing
hotel rooms or borrowed houses with him).
Through a company spokesman and
spokeswoman, Mr. Glassman denied such
conduct. The spokeswoman said Mr. Glass-
man had treated her only respectfully. She
suggested that people speaking out against
Mr. Glassman are doing so to lessen the
worth of his company and then buy it from
him. “There is a collective effort to devalue
the company and buy it for scraps,” she
said.
After this article was published online,
the company’s chief executive, Dave Cas-
tro, sent a message to affiliate gym owners
that Mr. Glassman intends to sell the fitness
brand to Eric Roza, the former senior vice
president and general manager of Oracle
Data Cloud and an owner of a CrossFit gym
in Boulder, Colo.
The former employees say reporting the
harassment was not an option. Mr. Glass-
man has been the sole owner of CrossFit.
Perhaps the most powerful female execu-
tive there, Kathy Glassman, the affiliate di-
rector, is Mr. Glassman’s sister, and they
were reluctant to complain to her. There
was no human resources manager until
2013. That manager left the company in Jan-
uary and has not been replaced.
A Devoted Community
Now with headquarters in Scotts Valley,
Calif., CrossFit was created in 2000. It is pri-
vately held and currently employs 72 peo-
ple full time, down from 137 two years ago.
The coronavirus pandemic and a shift in the
company’s focus from competitive games to
health initiatives have resulted in layoffs.
Most departing workers receive severance
only if they signed nondisclosure agree-
ments.
Mr. Castro, a longtime deputy of Mr.
Glassman’s, declined to speak for this arti-
cle.
The spokespeople noted that the CrossFit
Games, a professional competition intro-
duced by the company in 2007, rewards men
and women with equal prize money, and
that the method encourages women to cele-
brate strength and fitness regardless of
body type or weight.
Even those critical of CrossFit’s culture
praised its rigorous exercise method, which
is taught in thousands of mom-and-pop
gyms around the country that have licensed
the CrossFit trademark. For some of its dev-
otees, CrossFit is a near religion.
“There is so much positive in the CrossFit
community,” said one former employee
who, like many others interviewed for this
article, was granted anonymity because she
fears legal retribution from Mr. Glassman.
“Do you want to be the person who ruins
people’s hopes and dreams and even their
businesses? CrossFit is not just about fit-
ness. It becomes your friends, your family,
your community. People create their entire
lives around it.”
Away from the local gyms where he is
venerated, though, the picture of Mr. Glass-
man clouds quickly. “There was a constant
narrative about women,” the former corpo-
rate employee said. She described his using
vulgarities frequently to refer to women,
enumerating which he wanted to have sex
with and which he didn’t.
This attitude was so entwined with opera-
tions that the Wi-Fi password at a company
office in San Diego used to be a sexist ob-
scenity, according to three former employ-
ees.
Male employees would rank female pro-
fessional CrossFit athletes according to
how much the men wanted to have sex with
them, according to an email from a current
CrossFit employee to a former one that was
reviewed by The New York Times. (Mr.
Glassman denies the accusation, his
spokeswoman said.)
Another former employee, who re-
quested anonymity because he didn’t have
permission from his current employer to
speak to the media, defended Mr. Glass-
man. “I’m not into painting someone into an
evil person just because he might have been
misogynistic,” he said.
In 2012, Mr. Glassman agreed to pay a fi-
nancial settlement to Julie Kelly, a former
employee whose lawyers threatened to file
a sexual harassment lawsuit, according to
three people in the CrossFit community
with direct knowledge of the situation.
Among other incidents, they related, during
a company get-together at a bar, Mr. Glass-
man stood next to Ms. Kelly and made a vul-
gar and obscene comment about her to an-
other man. (Mr. Glassman denies this, the
spokeswoman said, and would not com-
ment on the settlement.)
COOPER NEILL FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Also that year, Mr. Glassman was being
driven to the airport by Andy Stumpf, a for-
A CrossFit workout in
mer member of the Navy SEALs with five
Dallas. The company has
Bronze Star medals and a Purple Heart who
been accused of tolerating a
oversaw CrossFit’s partnership with
work environment that’s
Reebok and who also worked as Mr. Glass-
hostile to women.
man’s pilot.
“We were in the car, and he was chuck-
ling,” said Mr. Stumpf, in an interview. “I
asked why he was in such a good mood, and
he said, ‘I finally finished up with the bull-
shit with Julie; I had to pay that whore.’ ”
Ms. Kelly declined an interview request.
‘A Very Elegant Solution’
In an interview, Lauren Jenai, Mr. Glass-
man’s former wife who founded CrossFit
with him, said that the employees and ath-
letes were accurately describing the corpo-
rate atmosphere she witnessed before di-
vorcing Mr. Glassman in 2013. She also con-
firmed that Mr. Glassman entered into a fi-
nancial settlement with Ms. Kelly to avoid a

Weird Times Call for Even Weirder Footwear
More refined than Crocs,
water shoes are making the
leap from hikers to city dwellers.
By NATHAN TAYLOR PEMBERTON
While there may not be any one word to de-
scribe our collective state of limbo, one
footwear category has emerged, like a gen-
tle intervention, to help us stand astride the
void. It’s a water shoe moment.
Water shoes, or amphibious footwear, as
those in the industry refer to it, were made
for moments defined by being in between.
Not quite a sneaker, not simply a sandal and
unequivocally not a Croc, water shoes were
designed for ease of movement between
water and land, without emphasizing one
over the other, all the while allowing feet to
dry quickly so as to prevent athlete’s foot.
As far as footwear comes, it is the closest
thing to a cure for uncertainty. Or as Teva,
the pioneering company in amphibious
footwear, used to say: “Free your feet and
your mind will follow.”
The present-day demand for footwear
that offers no inhibition has spurred luxury
brands and performance footwear makers
to reimagine the category for strange times.
Earlier this year, before the coronavirus
brought daily life to a halt, Balenciaga sent
its models splashing down the runway in
water shoes, an ode to climate change.
For the last year, Kanye West’s Yeezy
brand has been teasing a “foam runner,”
made in part from hydroponically produced
algae, which is reportedly planned for a
2020 release.
In March, the leap became most visible
when Hoka One One, a forward-thinking
French maker of running shoes, introduced
its Hopara line of high-performance water
shoes, made to “fly” over terrains as di-
verse as “remote forests” or “urban jun-
gles.” Built on a paunchy mound of rubber-
ized ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), the
Hopara arrived in the mold of the compa-
ny’s tumescent running shoes, whose
strange geometry has helped attract a fa-
natic fan base.
The Hopara veers into less familiar terri-
tory with cutouts slashed into its sides, for
easy water drainage, and a rubberized toe-
cap that looks like a small plate of armor, to
protect against riverbed rocks. Despite its
bulky appearance, the shoes weigh only 12
ounces.
What the Hopara makes clear is that the
water shoe is moving into that final evolu-
tionary stage of footwear: the street wear
grail. In this case, a grail worn predomi-
nantly by those who will most likely never
reach the trails and streams for which the
shoes are intended.
Kaitlin Phillips, a publicist and writer
who lives in New York but who was born
and raised in Montana, home to a big hiking
community, prefers to walk around Manhat-
tan in her Chaco water shoes because they
are so comfortable. “I don’t know how many
pairs I have,” she said.
Ms. Phillips said she has witnessed the
rise of the water shoe on New York streets,
specifically among people in the arts scene.
She pointed out that Camilla Deterre, an
artist and model, recently flaunted her new
Merrell Hydro Mocs on Instagram. And
Brendan Dugan, the owner of the Karma
gallery in the East Village, is often seen at
openings in Birkenstock EVA sandals.
After Hoparas were recommended in GQ
(which suggested wearing them with socks
“and maybe a suit”) and listed by the street
wear publication Highsnobiety, the shoe
sexual harassment lawsuit. (Ms. Jenai re-
ceived $20 million from Mr. Glassman as
part of their divorce settlement, in ex-
change for her ownership of the company.)
“He’s the father of my kids,” Ms. Jenai
said. “I care about Greg and about CrossFit,
but this should be addressed.”
Of the constant sexualized assessment of
women, she said, “100 percent. That hap-
pens every day, all day.”
Ms. Jenai said the vulgar Wi-Fi password
was also used in the home she shared with
Mr. Glassman and was in keeping with the
office patois. “They are nasty about women,
and they talk freely in front of them, and it
does make my skin crawl,” she said, but not
always. “I think it does need to be said that
both Greg and I, and our friends, have raw
senses of humor. There is a lot of that banter
that I don’t find offensive, but the difference
was, I was in a position of leadership so my
job didn’t depend on how I responded to
those remarks.”
Ms. Jenai said people were punished for
challenging the culture. “If you didn’t agree
with Greg, you would be ostracized, espe-
cially if you were a female,” she said.
The CrossFit spokeswoman said that Ms.
Jenai was motivated to lessen the compa-
ny’s value so she could try to buy it. The
spokesman forwarded an email sent by Ms.
Jenai to Matt Holdsworth, CrossFit’s chief
financial officer, on June 15, less than a week
after Mr. Glassman had resigned.
“My interest and intentions are solely
based on wanting to help with current is-
sues CrossFit is facing,” Ms. Jenai wrote. “I
do not want to see the company or brand
suffer. I’m looking at $50M as an offer — or
thereabouts. Is this something CrossFit Inc
would consider?”
On Saturday, Ms. Jenai confirmed this. “I
was approached by an investment com-
pany who wants to back me in buying
CrossFit,” she said. “In people’s minds, in-
cluding mine, it would be a very elegant so-
lution. I don’t want to see this thing go down
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
T H EY ’ R E
R E L AT I V E LY
CH E A P A N D E A SY
TO OBTA I N, A
RA R I T Y I N T H E
WOR L D OF D ROPS
A N D OV E R H Y PE D
F OOT WE A R .
sold quickly at hype-driven street wear bou-
tiques, like Bodega in Boston. REI, a more
traditional retailer, focused on outdoor gear,
had so much success selling Hoparas online
that it plans to move the shoe into its stores
in 2021.
This kind of crossover success, for a shoe
as fashion defiant as the Hopara, is further
evidence that consumers aren’t looking for
footwear that serves a singular need.
They’re drawn to the water shoe as a func-
tion of the “abjection trend cycle,” said
Thom Bettridge, the Highsnobiety editor. In
this cycle, the ugly is embraced unironically
by daring consumers, and in the process,
they relieve a serious amount of pent-up
fashion shame.
“Recent histories are embarrassing,” Mr.
Bettridge said. “When you look at the water
shoes you wore five to 10 years ago, you feel
disgusted. But you can conquer what once
embarrassed you. You conquer it by loving
them again, and now you’re seeing people
starting to indulge in their out-of-place-
ness.”
While some may find this pop psychology
less than convincing, Mr. Bettridge noted
that this new wave of water shoes offer an-
other form of mental relief: They’re rela-
tively cheap and easy to obtain, a rarity in
the drain. I’ve talked to reporters because if
I say nothing, I’m complicit. If I talk to peo-
ple and don’t tell the truth, I’m a liar.”
The anticipated sale to Mr. Roza derails
this proposal.
‘A Metric Ton of Inappropriate Behavior’
CrossFit’s first workouts were held in a ga-
rage in Santa Cruz, Calif. The county sher-
iff’s department was among Mr. Glassman’s
earliest clients. The method has been popu-
lar among the police and the military, in-
cluding those assigned to elite teams like
Green Berets and Navy SEALs, enhancing
the fitness program’s credibility.
At the beginning of 2020, there were more
than 14,000 affiliate gyms, according to Jus-
tin LoFranco, founder of Morning Chalk Up,
a newsletter that covers the CrossFit com-
munity. Affiliated gyms pay CrossFit an an-
nual fee of $3,000 or less.
The company also draws revenue from
CrossFit Games and sponsorships, like one
Greg Glassman, who resigned this month, has denied treating women crudely.
Top, Hoka’s line of
high-performance water
shoes has made the leap to
the street. Above, Merrell
Hydro Mocs, designed for
hard-core hikers, are now an
ideal “house shoe,” some
adherents say.
The negatives
are encroaching
on a company’s
positives.
VICTOR J. BLUE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
VIA KAMA0040
VIA MERRELL
the world of drops and overhyped footwear.
The Hopara starts at $120, and Mr. West’s
foam runners are anticipated to sell for $75.
The Hydro Moc is even more affordable.
A water shoe released last fall by Merrell,
the maker of high-performance hiking
boots, it has a list price of $40 and is some-
thing of a Croc gone wild.
It is constructed from a single piece of
rubberized EVA, with the exception of a
rubber heel strap. It’s offered in eight differ-
ent tie-dye colorways, styled to mimic wa-
ter’s hazy emulsions. The shoe’s array of
from Reebok, which was valued at about
$100 million over the last 10 years.
By the time the deal with Reebok was
struck in 2010, CrossFit already had a repu-
tation.
Lindsey Johnson, a CrossFit athlete hired
by Reebok to train its executives, turned
down an opportunity to do additional work
for CrossFit.
“I had heard too many stories about too
many things I didn’t want to be a part of,”
Ms. Johnson said, including “straight-up
bullying and sexual harassment of women.
We’ve heard this story before, this isn’t a
brand-new situation, someone at the top
with a God complex.”
After Mr. Glassman’s inflammatory tweet
and comments about Mr. Floyd, Reebok an-
nounced that it would not renew the Cross-
Fit deal. Morning Chalk Up reported that
more than 1,200 affiliates had plans to disas-
sociate themselves from the CrossFit
brand.
Recently, scrutiny of the company inten-
sified after Mr. Stumpf, a speaker on leader-
ship, devoted an entire episode of his pod-
cast, “Cleared Hot,” to what he saw while
working for CrossFit from 2010 to 2014.
“I cannot count the number of times that
derogatory and specifically sexual com-
ments were made about female staff mem-
bers directly in my presence,” Mr. Stumpf
said, urging Mr. Glassman and the company
to release former employees from nondis-
closure agreements.
The former employees interviewed by
The Times said much of the mistreatment
happened openly, which made them ques-
tion their own reactions and wonder if they
were being too sensitive. Some worried that
speaking out would cost them their jobs.
“There was a metric ton of inappropriate
behavior, but even worse, there was a sys-
tematic problem of undermining women,”
one former employee said. “The systematic
way they chip away at your self-confidence,
N D5
pocked cutouts, for air flow, could set off a
trypophobic response.
Some see the Hydro Moc as an enlight-
ened response to the reign of the Croc, a mo-
ment defined by comfort at the cost of func-
tion and remorseless ugliness.
“The Croc is so destroyed — it’s played
out,” said Chris Black, a partner at the Pub-
lic Announcement brand consultancy, who
noted the Croc’s own cultural upcycle, from
suburban mom standard to Balenciaga nov-
elty. “I think people will buy the Hydro Moc
because they look crazy and they’re not a
Croc,” he said. “Plus, they’re new and very
cheap, making them immediately appeal-
ing to a wider swath of consumers.”
Merrell introduced the Hydro Moc to sat-
isfy demands from its “hard-core” hikers,
who wanted a shoe that could be worn
around a campfire after a day on the trail.
This required a featherweight approach to
the design, and at 14 ounces, the Hydro
Mocs are lighter than most bottles of water.
“This shoe was designed for the kind of
hiker that saws the handle off their tooth-
brush to save space in their kit,” said Scott
Portzline, the Merrell vice president for de-
sign, who oversaw the shoe’s production.
Achieving the ultimate goal of versatility is
the main reason the shoe has made the
jump from hikers to city dwellers.
“‘Versatility’ is a word I love to hate,” Mr.
Portzline said. “But it’s still awesome. It
means you’re getting more out of less, and
people are embracing that more than ever.
From a fashion perspective, it’s when we
knew we were on to something.”
Since its release last fall, the Hydro Moc
has become one of Merrell’s best sellers.
“We don’t see the Hydro Moc going away in
the near future, even if consumers move on
to the next thing,” said Lindsey Lindemul-
der, the company’s marketing director for
lifestyle. “It will remain a part of the
footwear landscape, theoretically for the
rest of time, because it’s such a new space
for consumers.”
Mr. Black, for his part, doesn’t think wa-
ter shoes, and the Hydro Moc specifically,
are immune to trend cycles. In a Strategist
column in New York Magazine, he short-
listed the Hydro Moc as an ideal “house
shoe” for anyone locked into the cycle of
working, dining and dressing up in their
homes.
Will this iteration of the water shoe cycle
become another casualty of whiplashing
hype cycles? Or is its flummoxing ascen-
sion, timed to the weirdness of our world,
more timeless? The question may best be
answered by the man who first dreamed up
the amphibious footwear category, Mark
Thatcher.
In 1982, this former river guide and geolo-
gist founded Teva, and patented the sports
sandal design after recognizing the need for
a shoe that could be worn in and out of water
with maximum ease. Today Mr. Thatcher
spends his days in quasi-retirement on the
rivers of Sedona, Ariz., while conjuring the
next innovative leap in water shoe design
for his newest endeavor, the Sazzi, which he
expects to be available next year.
As may be expected of someone who has
spent his life predominantly focused on the
sports sandal, Mr. Thatcher hasn’t aban-
doned the ethos behind Teva’s old slogan. In
other words, it’s less a question of the times
or the moment than human nature. It’s all in
our minds.
“Footwear connects you to the earth, to
feelings of well-being, agility and health in
general,” Mr. Thatcher said. “People will
buy them for fashion, but it always comes
back to a deep subconscious thing. Freeing
your feet can open up parts of your mind.”
I had never experienced anything like that.”
CrossFit also sometimes flaunted a
raunchy attitude toward women in its own
promotion.
In a podcast interview for CrossFit Jour-
nal conducted in January 2018, Sevan
Matossian, a longtime deputy of Mr. Glass-
man’s, interviewed Stacie Tovar, an affiliate
owner in Omaha and a popular, retired pro-
fessional CrossFit athlete.
Mr. Matossian asked her if she was sexu-
ally active with her husband and if she took
birth control pills. He told her he preferred a
bathing suit photo of her on her website to
one showing her in athletic competition.
“Your body is freakishly amazing,” he said.
Lamenting changes brought about by the
MeToo movement, he said, “You can’t even
ask your significant other for” oral sex any-
more.
“A fitness industry is different from an ac-
counting firm,” the CrossFit spokeswoman
said, regarding the podcast.
That summer, the company hosted a
CrossFit Health Conference in Madison,
Wis. A blown-up poster on social media and
near the entrance of the conference fea-
tured an illustration of a doctor with money
coming out of his doctor’s coat, surrounded
by scantily dressed, buxom women, includ-
ing one with dollar bills coming out of her
short-shorts as she grasps the doctor’s
crotch.
Ms. Jenai, who now runs Manifest, which
provides testing kits and personal coaching
to help people deal with chronic health is-
sues, said that Mr. Glassman’s putting Mr.
Castro in charge will not solve CrossFit’s
problems, since Mr. Glassman retains own-
ership.
“He is a yes man,” she said of Mr. Castro.
“I believe Dave being put in this position,
there is no change. It is the status quo.”
The CrossFit spokesman said it was un-
true that Mr. Glassman would still be calling
the shots. “He wants to retire and home-
school his kids,” he said.
 D6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 25, 2020
Long Night of ‘Flower Flashing’
Lewis Miller finishing an installation at the corner of Fulton Street and South Portland Avenue in Brooklyn, above, where the Barclays Center area, top, also
got a floral tribute from his team. Center right, the flash tour van starting to empty out. Above right, flower preparation at George Rallis Wholesale Florist.
A beloved New York florist and
guerrilla artist is reanimating
the slowly reopening city.
By JESSICA SHAW
It was 3:37 a.m. on Atlantic Avenue in
Brooklyn when Lewis Miller let out a sigh of
relief.
“Right here is my happy place,” said Mr.
Miller, a 46-year-old florist and guerrilla
artist. After zhushing a coral peony and
throwing in a few gerbera daisies, he stood
back to consider the framing of his 6-by-4-
foot orange-hued flower heart: black pave-
ment, white crosswalk lines, a “No Turns”
sign, the marquee of Barclays Center cast-
ing a quote from the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther
King Jr. — “The time is always right to do
what is right” — into the early-morning
dark.
“We’re good,” he said. “Let’s go.”
The heart was one of four “flower flashes”
— Lewis Miller Design’s signature — that
New Yorkers would wake up to on June 16.
Though he has surreptitiously placed these
elaborate arrangements for years, Mr.
Miller’s pandemic-era flashes, around a
hospital lamppost or in a Midtown garbage
can, have been met with particular enthusi-
asm. Social media viewers from around the
world have sent him hundreds of heartfelt
letters and fan art. Bette Midler raves about
his work on Instagram.
“During good times, flowers are awe-
some; we all know that,” Mr. Miller said.
“But now more than ever we need flowers in
the city. Who isn’t looking for a little joy?”
“This is the most beautiful thing I’ve seen
in a long time,” said an observer who had
ventured over from Fourth Avenue, a rick-
ety cane in each arm.
Irini Arakas Greenbaum, whose job in-
cludes scouting locations for Mr. Miller
(“I’m always on the hunt for the Kate Moss
of garbage cans,” she said), offered him a
free spirit rose.
“Nah,” he said. “I’m so super pretty al-
ready.” She insisted. “OK,” he said. “I’m go-
ing to see a homeless girl and give it to her.
Spread the love!” Mr. Miller told the man to
stay safe. Then he jumped into a large white
van carrying some 12,000 flowers in the
back.
“It’s like driving around a hundred wed-
ding cakes,” said Manny Mejia from behind
the wheel. Despite a few potholes, the daisy
mums and stardust roses emerged un-
scathed at the second installation site, in
Fort Greene. Mr. Miller zip-tied the heart
onto a green C train entrance under the eye
of “Comandante Biggie,” a mural of the No-
torious B.I.G. flanked by white doves.
As Tawana Schlegel, a florist with the
company, softened the heart’s curves with
lilies placed in messy perfection, Mr. Miller
noticed a Cellino & Barnes ad above the sub-
way entrance. “Is that even a real phone
number?” he asked no one in particular
about all those eights, while sweeping up
fallen petals and a bonus used cotton swab.
Before bolting he grabbed a mister of
Lewis Miller Crowning Glory from the van to give the ar-
rangement a spritz, because like so many
knows we need New Yorkers, lilies need extra hydration.
blooms now Crossing the illuminated Manhattan
Bridge to the third site, in SoHo, Mr. Miller
more than ever. pondered the future. “What’s our city going
to look like in three months?” he said. Al-
most all of this year’s gigs were canceled,
and early 2021 events were already being
postponed. Though Mr. Miller has paid for
past flashes himself, he accepted 1,200 roses
donated from a fan with a farm in Ecuador
for this one, as well as some funding from
L.E.A.F., an organization that puts on flower
festivals.
“I’m not opposed to taking money,” he
said, noting his installations for Equinox,
Old Navy and one businessman who re-
quested a custom flash for his wife as a
lunch-break surprise. “But for these there
needs to be integrity or my joy is dead.”
By 4:47 a.m. on Spring Street, the deep
hum of garbage trucks was serenading Mr.
Miller’s crew as they placed a purple heart
against a blood-red wall of graffiti: “We
may be alone, but together we’ll conquer.”
Mr. Miller rounded out the design with
rhododendron while Ms. Schlegel threw in
an extra allium, the onion-family flower that
could double as a Willy Wonka lollipop.
“We always joke about how a good flash is
both confident and cavalier, but the true se-
cret sauce is the city,” Mr. Miller said. “I’ve
seen street art everywhere from Nashville
PHOTOGRAPHS BY NINA WESTERVELT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
to L.A., and it’s just not the same. There are
certain things that just work best in New
York.”
But street art doesn’t always cooperate.
Dismayed by a dark patch of wall not pro-
viding adequate color contrast, Ms. Arakas
Greenbaum pulled Mr. Miller aside to dis-
cuss options. Move the heart? White spray
paint? Mr. Miller came up with another so-
lution involving what some consider to be
the floral equivalent to a vending machine
hamburger.
“Carnations have gotten a bad rap,” he
said, after adding a few white and purple-
tipped ones he had on hand. “They’re beau-
tiful flowers that smell like nutmeg and
have a high petal count.” (If any stem snobs
are wondering, Mr. Miller would take a car-
nation any day over a moth orchid or even,
he whispered, the “overrated” calla lily.)
The cobblestone plaza on Gansevoort
Street was the final stop, empty at 5:21 a.m.
The team lay down giant cardboard stencils
of Milton Glaser’s “I  NY” logo on the
street and replaced them with bold blooms.
Mr. Miller poked and prodded the red heart,
yanking out a rose here, situating a caladi-
um leaf there. Ms. Arakas Greenbaum
climbed to a fifth-floor walk-up’s fire escape
to get the aerial view as four pigeons wan-
dered by.
“I wish it looked like St. Mark’s Square,”
Mr. Miller said, sprinkling his breakfast
granola bar over the work. By 6:27 a.m., the
morning flocks, avian and human, were
milling.