Technique for Precision Reading of Height of Manometer Columns

The reading point for mercury manometers is the top of the meniscus, as shown in Fig. 11a. The readings point for
water manometers is the bottom of the meniscus, as shown in Fig. 11b. When a manometer is equipped with a
mirror reflector, the reading is taken by aligning the reading point on the meniscus directly over the reflection of
the reading point in the mirror.
压力计柱高的精确读数技术：水银压力计的读数点是弯月面的顶部，如图 11a 所示。 水压计的读数点是弯
月面的底部，如图 11b 所示。 当压力计配备有镜反射镜时，通过将弯月面上的读数点直接对准镜中读数点
的反射来进行读数。

P173

Leakage Rate Test Data Obtained by Absolute Test Technique in English

Units
在绝对压力泄漏率测试中使用的分析包括确定安全壳中的空气质量，
使用理想的气体定律，在测试过程中的每个时间点，并使用一个过
滤器。 用直线最小二乘分析估计泄漏率。a straight line least squares analysis to
estimate the leakage rate.
Effects of Time Duration of Pressure Change Leakage Rate Tests 时间长短

的影响
For short duration absolute pressure change leak tests, such as a 2 h pressure hold test, the change in atmospheric
pressure is usually insignificant and standard barometric pressure can be assumed to exist. (Care is needed to avoid
this assumption during passage of a cold
front or low pressure storm system, because rapid changes in barometric pressure can accompany such storm
periods.) If the allowable pressure loss per unit of time is large enough, it may also be possible to eliminate
measurement of temperature and to measure only pressure and time. For very short duration pressure tests (such as
15 to 120 min), the leak
testing procedure may require only measurement of gage pressure and time (in constant volume systems). For
longer duration tests such as 24 h pressure hold or leakage rate tests, it is most likely that specifications for test
procedures will require measurement of
both temperature and barometric pressure (or absolute pressure) because of the larger
atmospheric changes that could occur in these two test variables. It may also be necessary to measure dew point
temperature to account for variations in water vapor pressure with temperature. 可能还需要测量露点温度以解决
水蒸气压力随温度的变化。

Analysis Techniques for Pressure Change Leakage Test Data2,3 泄露率数据

分析
(1) the mass point analysis technique 质量点分析技术
(2) the leakage rate point analysis technique based on total time from start of test and 总时间
(3) the leakage rate point analysis technique based on test interval data 时间间隔
在 Fleshood2 和 Lau3 之后，在压力变化泄漏率测试期间从相同的逐点测试数据分析泄漏率的各种统计技术：

（a）泄漏测试数据，计算出的空气质量绘制为测试时间 tn 对质量点分析的功能从 W0 到 W5 的虚线斜率

表示总泄漏率 Q =（W0 – W5）/（t5 – t0）；
（b）根据质量差计算出的泄漏率相邻的测试点，其中短线的斜率表示增量泄漏率 Qn =（Wn –1 – Wn）/
（tn – tn–1），有效当 n 大于零时；
（c）泄漏率趋势线的计算
通过线性最小二乘法分析图 17b 所示的增量泄漏率 Qn。

System Ability to Measure Leakage Rate

The purpose of a leak testing instrumentation selection guide is to determine the ability of a specific
instrumentation system to measure the overall leakage rate of a pressurized
system adequately. This selection guide is not based on a statistical analysis of the
leakage rate calculations, but has been developed for the purpose of selection of
instrumentation adequate for the required leakage measurements. In evaluations made using one guide,6 the errors
of individual instruments used for measurement of pressure and temperature or dew point are combined using a
statistical root-sum-square formula: