Cap 3. Columnas A Flexo Compresión Biaxial

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PART 3: MEMBERS 155
CHAPTER 10—COLUMNS
CODE COMMENTARY
10.1—Scope R10.1—Scope
10.1.1 This chapter shall apply to the design of nonpre- R10.1.1 Composite structural steel-concrete columns are
stressed and prestressed columns, including reinforced not covered in this chapter. Composite columns include both
concrete pedestals. structural steel sections encased in reinforced concrete and
KROORZVWUXFWXUDOVWHHOVHFWLRQV¿OOHGZLWKFRQFUHWH'HVLJQ
provisions for such composite columns are covered in AISC
360.
10.1.2 Design of plain concrete pedestals shall be in accor-

dance with Chapter 14.
10.2—General
10.2.1 Materials
10.2.1.1 Design properties for concrete shall be selected to

be in accordance with Chapter 19.
10.2.1.2 Design properties for steel reinforcement shall be

selected to be in accordance with Chapter 20.
Columns
ling requ
10.2.1.3 Materials, design, and detailing requirements for
embedments in concrete shall be in accor
accordance with 20.6.
HPE
10.2.2 &RQQHFWLRQWRRWKHUPHPEHUV
10
ns on, beam-column and
10.2.2.1 For cast-in-place construction,
slab-column joints shall satisfy Ch
Chapterr 15.
10.2.2.2 For precast construction, cconnections shall satisfy

the force transfer requirements of 16.2.
all
10.2.2.3 Connections of columns to foundations shall
satisfy 16.3.
10.3—Design limits R10.3—Design limits

10.3.1 'LPHQVLRQDOOLPLWV R10.3.1 'LPHQVLRQDOOLPLWV
10.3.1.1 For columns with a square, octagonal, or other ([SOLFLWPLQLPXPVL]HVIRUFROXPQVDUHQRWVSHFL¿HGWR

shaped cross section, it shall be permitted to base gross area permit the use of reinforced concrete columns with small
considered, required reinforcement, and design strength on cross sections in lightly loaded structures, such as low-rise
a circular section with a diameter equal to the least lateral UHVLGHQWLDODQGOLJKWR൶FHEXLOGLQJV,IVPDOOFURVVVHFWLRQV
dimension of the actual shape. are used, there is a greater need for careful workmanship,
DQGVKULQNDJHVWUHVVHVKDYHLQFUHDVHGVLJQL¿FDQFH
10.3.1.2 For columns with cross sections larger than R10.3.1.2 In some cases, the gross area of a column is
required by considerations of loading, it shall be permitted larger than necessary to resist the factored load. In those
to base gross area considered, required reinforcement, and cases, the minimum reinforcement percentage may be
GHVLJQ VWUHQJWK RQ D UHGXFHG H൵HFWLYH DUHD QRW OHVV WKDQ calculated on the basis of the required area rather than the
one-half the total area. This provision shall not apply to provided area, but the area of reinforcement cannot be less
columns in special moment frames or columns not part of than 0.5 percent of the actual cross-sectional area.
the seismic-force-resisting system required to be designed in
accordance with Chapter 18.
10.3.1.3 For columns built monolithically with a concrete

ZDOO WKH RXWHU OLPLWV RI WKH H൵HFWLYH FURVV VHFWLRQ RI WKH
American Concrete Institute – Copyrighted © Material – www.concrete.org

156 ACI 318-19: BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
CODE COMMENTARY
column shall not be taken greater than 1.5 in. outside the
transverse reinforcement.
10.3.1.4 For columns with two or more interlocking

VSLUDOV RXWHU OLPLWV RI WKH H൵HFWLYH FURVV VHFWLRQ VKDOO EH
taken at a distance outside the spirals equal to the minimum
required concrete cover.
10.3.1.5 ,IDUHGXFHGH൵HFWLYHDUHDLVFRQVLGHUHGDFFRUGLQJ
to 10.3.1.1 through 10.3.1.4, structural analysis and design
of other parts of the structure that interact with the column
shall be based on the actual cross section.
10.4—Required strength R10.4—Required strength

10.4.1 General
10.4.1.1 Required strength shall be calculated in accor-

dance with the factored load combinations in Chapter 5.
ulated in accor-
10.4.1.2 Required strength shall be calculated
dance with the analysis procedures in Chapter 66.
GPR
10.4.2 )DFWRUHGD[LDOIRUFHDQGPRPHQW R10.4.2 )DFWRUHGD[LDOIRUFHDQGPRPHQW
4.2 ) RUHGD[LDOI
10.4.2.1 Pu and Mu occurringng simultaneously

ultaneously for each
ach R10 4.2.1 LWLFDOORDG
R10.4.2.17KHFULWLFDOORDGFRPELQDWLRQVPD\EHGL൶FXOW
na
applicable factored load combination hall be consider
shall d.
considered. ern without methodi
to discern methodically checking each combina-
ion. As
tion. A illu
illustrated in Fig. R10.4.2.1,
R considering only the
facto
factoredd loa binations associated with maximum axial
load combinations
fforce (LC1) and nd with maximum bending moment (LC2)
ecessarily provide a code-compliant design for
does not necessarily
other load combi
combinations such as LC3.

PART 3: MEMBERS 157
CODE COMMENTARY
P0
(Mn , Pn )
Axial load, P
(ɸMn , ɸPn )
Pumax LC1
Pu 3 LC3
Acceptable
region
LC2
Pu 2
Columns
Mu 1 Mu 3 Mumax
Moment, M
Fig. R10.4.2.1²&ULWLFDOFROXPQORDGFRPELQDWLRQ
10
10.5—Design strength R10.5—Design strength
10.5.1 General R10.5.1 General
10.5.1.1 For each applicable factored load combina- R10.5.1.1 Refer to R9.5.1.1.
WLRQ GHVLJQ VWUHQJWK DW DOO VHFWLRQV VKDOO VDWLVI\ ࢥSn U,
LQFOXGLQJ D WKURXJK G ,QWHUDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ ORDG H൵HFWV
shall be considered:
DࢥPn Pu
EࢥMn Mu
FࢥVn Vu
GࢥTn Tu
10.5.1.2 ࢥVKDOOEHGHWHUPLQHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK 21.2.
10.5.2 $[LDOIRUFHDQGPRPHQW
10.5.2.1 Pn and Mn shall be calculated in accordance with

22.4.
10.5.3 Shear
10.5.3.1 Vn shall be calculated in accordance with 22.5.
10.5.4 Torsion R10.5.4 Torsion
10.5.4.1 If Tu ࢥTth, where Tth is given in 22.7, torsion Torsion acting on columns in buildings is typically
shall be considered in accordance with Chapter 9. negligible and is rarely a governing factor in the design of
columns.

CODE COMMENTARY
10.6—Reinforcement limits R10.6—Reinforcement limits
10.6.1 0LQLPXPDQGPD[LPXPORQJLWXGLQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQW R10.6.1 0LQLPXPDQGPD[LPXPORQJLWXGLQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQW
10.6.1.1 For nonprestressed columns and for prestressed R10.6.1.1 Limits are provided for both the minimum and
columns with average fpe < 225 psi, area of longitudinal maximum longitudinal reinforcement ratios.
reinforcement shall be at least 0.01Ag but shall not exceed 0LQLPXP UHLQIRUFHPHQW—Reinforcement is necessary
0.08Ag. to provide resistance to bending, which may exist regard-
OHVVRIDQDO\WLFDOUHVXOWVDQGWRUHGXFHWKHH൵HFWVRIFUHHS
and shrinkage of the concrete under sustained compressive
stresses. Creep and shrinkage tend to transfer load from the
concrete to the reinforcement, and the resultant increase in
reinforcement stress becomes greater as the reinforcement
ratio decreases. Therefore, a minimum limit is placed on the
reinforcement ratio to prevent reinforcement from yielding
under sustained service loads (Richart 1933).
0D[LPXP UHLQIRUFHPHQW—The amount of longitudinal
reinforcement is limited to ensure that concrete can be
H൵HFWLYHO\FRQVROLGDWHGDURXQGWKHEDUVDQGWRHQVXUHWKDW
columns
colum designed according to the Code are similar to the
test specimens byb which the Code was calibrated. The 0.08
limit applies at all ssections, including splice regions, and
can alsoo be considered a ppractical maximum for longitu-
dinal reinforcement
info ment in termterms of economy and requirements
for pplacing.
ing. Longitudinal reinforcement in columns should
itudinal re
usually
usuall not exceed 4 percent if the column bars are required
to be lapp sp
spliced, ass the lap splice zone will have twice as
einf
much reinforcement nt if all lap splices occur at the same
locat .
location.
10.6.2 0LQLPXPVKHDUUHLQIRUFHPHQW 0LQLPXPV

R10.6.2 0LQLPXPVKHDUUHLQIRUFHPHQW
10.6.2.1 A minimum area of shear reinforcement, Av,min, R10 6

R10.6.2.1 The basis for the minimum shear reinforcement
shall be provided in all regions where Vu > 0.5ࢥVc. is the same for columns and beams. Refer to R9.6.3 for more
information.
10.6.2.2 If shear reinforcement is required, Av,min shall be

the greater of (a) and (b):
bw s
(a) 0.75 f c′
f yt
bw s
(b) 50
f yt
10.7—Reinforcement detailing R10.7—Reinforcement detailing

10.7.1 General
10.7.1.1 Concrete cover for reinforcement shall be in

accordance with 20.5.1.
10.7.1.2 Development lengths of deformed and prestressed

reinforcement shall be in accordance with 25.4.

PART 3: MEMBERS 159
CODE COMMENTARY
10.7.1.3 Along development and lap splice lengths of
longitudinal bars with fySVL, transverse reinforce-
ment shall be provided such that Ktr shall not be smaller than
0.5db.
10.7.1.4 Bundled bars shall be in accordance with 25.6.
10.7.2 5HLQIRUFHPHQWVSDFLQJ
10.7.2.1 Minimum spacing s shall be in accordance with

25.2.
10.7.3 /RQJLWXGLQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQW R10.7.3 /RQJLWXGLQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQW
10.7.3.1 For nonprestressed columns and for prestressed R10.7.3.1 At least four longitudinal bars are required
columns with average fpe < 225 psi, the minimum number of when bars are enclosed by rectangular or circular ties. For
longitudinal bars shall be (a), (b), or (c): other tie shapes, one bar should be provided at each apex
(a) Three within triangular ties or corner and proper transverse reinforcement provided. For
(b) Four within rectangular or circular ties examp tied triangular columns require at least three longi-
example,
(c) Six enclosed by spirals or for columns mns of special wit one at each apex of the triangular ties. For
tudinal bars, with
Columns
moment frames enclosed by circular hoops bars enclosed by spir
spirals, at least six bars are required.
If the num
mber of bars iin
number n a circular arrangement is less than
KHRU DWLRQRIWKH
HLJKWWKHRULHQWDWLRQRIWKHEDUVPD\VLJQL¿FDQWO\D൵HFWWKH
mom t strength
moment stre off eccentrically
eccentric loaded columns and should
con ider in design.
be considered sign.
10
DOU RUFHP
10.7.4 2ৼVHWEHQWORQJLWXGLQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQW
QH SRUWLRQ RI DQ R൵VHW

10.7.4.1 7KH VORSH RI WKH LQFOLQHG
bent longitudinal bar relative to the longitudinal axis of the
column shall not exceed 1 in 6. Portions of bar above and
EHORZDQR൵VHWVKDOOEHSDUDOOHOWRD[LVRIFROXPQ
10.7.4.2 ,IWKHFROXPQIDFHLVR൵VHWLQRUPRUHORQJL-
WXGLQDO EDUV VKDOO QRW EH R൵VHW EHQW DQG VHSDUDWH GRZHOV
ODSVSOLFHGZLWKWKHORQJLWXGLQDOEDUVDGMDFHQWWRWKHR൵VHW
column faces, shall be provided.
10.7.5 6SOLFHVRIORQJLWXGLQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQW R10.7.5 6SOLFHVRIORQJLWXGLQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQW
10.7.5.1 General R10.7.5.1 General
10.7.5.1.1 Lap splices, mechanical splices, butt-welded

splices, and end-bearing splices shall be permitted.
10.7.5.1.2 Splices shall satisfy requirements for all R10.7.5.1.2 Frequently, the basic gravity load combina-
factored load combinations. tion will govern the design of the column itself, but a load
FRPELQDWLRQLQFOXGLQJZLQGRUHDUWKTXDNHH൵HFWVPD\LQGXFH
greater tension in some column bars. Each bar splice should
be designed for the maximum calculated bar tensile force.
10.7.5.1.3 Splices of deformed reinforcement shall be in R10.7.5.1.3 For the purpose of calculating Ɛd for tension
accordance with 25.5 and, if applicable, shall satisfy the ODS VSOLFHV LQ FROXPQV ZLWK R൵VHW EDUV )LJ 5
requirements of 10.7.5.2 for lap splices or 10.7.5.3 for end- illustrates the clear spacing to be used.
bearing splices.

CODE COMMENTARY
Offset bars from

column below
Bars in column
above
Clear spacing
Fig. R10.7.5.1.3²2ৼVHWFROXPQEDUV
10.7.5.2 Lap splices R10.7.5.2 Lap splices
In columns subject to moment and axial force, tensile

stresses may occur on one face of the column for moderate
and large eccentricities as shown in Fig. R10.7.5.2. If such
stresses occur, 10.7.5.2.2 requires tension splices to be used.
The splice requirements have been formulated on the basis
that a compression lap splice has a tensile strength of at least
0.25fy. Therefore, even if columns bars are designed for
compression according to 10.7.5.2.1, some tensile strength
is inherently provided.
All bars in
compression,
0 ≤ fs ≤ 0.5fy on tension
see 10.7.5.2.1
face of member,
P see Table 10.7.5.2.2
(Class A splices allowed
with certain conditions)
fs > 0.5fy on
tension face
of member,
see Table
Interaction 10.7.5.2.2
diagram (Class B
splices
required)
M
Fig. R10.7.5.2²/DSVSOLFHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUFROXPQV
10.7.5.2.1 If the bar force due to factored loads is compres- R10.7.5.2.1 Reduced lap lengths are permitted if the
sive, compression lap splices shall be permitted. It shall be VSOLFH LV HQFORVHG WKURXJKRXW LWV OHQJWK E\ VX൶FLHQW WLHV
permitted to decrease the compression lap splice length in The tie leg areas perpendicular to each direction are calcu-
accordance with (a) or (b), but the lap splice length shall be lated separately. An example is provided in Fig. R10.7.5.2.1,
at least 12 in. ZKHUHIRXUOHJVDUHH൵HFWLYHLQRQHGLUHFWLRQDQGWZROHJVLQ
the other direction.
(a) For tied columns, where ties throughout the lap splice Compression lap lengths may also be reduced if the lap
OHQJWK KDYH DQ H൵HFWLYH DUHD QRW OHVV WKDQ 0.0015hs in splice is enclosed throughout its length by spirals due to
both directions, lap splice length shall be permitted to be increased splitting resistance.

PART 3: MEMBERS 161
CODE COMMENTARY
multiplied by 0.83. Tie legs perpendicular to dimension h
VKDOOEHFRQVLGHUHGLQFDOFXODWLQJH൵HFWLYHDUHD
(b) For spiral columns, where spirals throughout the lap
splice length satisfy 25.7.3, lap splice length shall be
permitted to be multiplied by 0.75.
h2
h1
Direction 1: 4Ab ≥ 0.0015h1S

Direction 2: 2Ab ≥ 0.0015h2S
Columns
where Ab is the area of the tie
Fig. R10.7.5.2.1²([DPSOHRIDSSOLFDWLRQRID
10.7.5.2.2 If the bar force due to factored loads is tensile,
10
tension lap splices shall be in accordance with Table 10.7.5.2.2.
Table 10.7.5.2.2—Tension lap splice class

Tensile
bar Splice
stress Splice details type
EDUVVSOLFHGDWDQ\VHFWLRQDQGODSVSOLFHV
Class A
fy on adjacent bars staggered by at least Ɛd
Other Class B
>0.5fy All cases Class B
10.7.5.3 End-bearing splices R10.7.5.3 End-bearing splices
10.7.5.3.1 If the bar force due to factored loads is compres- R10.7.5.3.1 Details for end-bearing splices are provided
sive, end-bearing splices shall be permitted provided the in 25.5.6.
splices are staggered or additional bars are provided at splice
locations. The continuing bars in each face of the column
shall have a tensile strength at least 0.25fy times the area of
the vertical reinforcement along that face.
10.7.6 7UDQVYHUVHUHLQIRUFHPHQW R10.7.6 7UDQVYHUVHUHLQIRUFHPHQW
10.7.6.1 General R10.7.6.1 General
10.7.6.1.1 Transverse reinforcement shall satisfy the most

restrictive requirements for reinforcement spacing.

CODE COMMENTARY
10.7.6.1.2 Details of transverse reinforcement shall be in
accordance with 25.7.2 for ties, 25.7.3 for spirals, or 25.7.4
for hoops.
10.7.6.1.3 For prestressed columns with average fpe

225 psi, transverse ties or hoops need not satisfy the 16db
spacing requirement of 25.7.2.1.
10.7.6.1.4 Longitudinal reinforcement shall be laterally R10.7.6.1.4 All longitudinal bars in compression should
supported using ties or hoops in accordance with 10.7.6.2 be enclosed within transverse reinforcement. Where longitu-
or spirals in accordance with 10.7.6.3, unless tests and struc- dinal bars are arranged in a circular pattern, only one circular
tural analyses demonstrate adequate strength and feasibility WLH SHU VSHFL¿HG VSDFLQJ LV UHTXLUHG7KLV UHTXLUHPHQW FDQ
of construction. EH VDWLV¿HG E\ D FRQWLQXRXV FLUFXODU WLH KHOL[ ZLWK WKH
maximum pitch being equal to the required tie spacing.
It is prudent to provide a set of ties at each end of lap
spliced bars, above and below end-bearing splices, and at
minimum spacings immediately below sloping regions of
R൵VHWEHQWEDUV
3UHFDVWFROXPQVZLWKFRYHUOHVVWKDQLQSUHVWUHVVHG
columns withou
without longitudinal bars, columns of concrete with
small size coarse ag aggregate, wall-like columns, and other
unusual col umns may re
columns qui
u special designs for transverse
require
eme
reinforcement.
10.7.6.1.5 If anchor bolts are pl n the top of a co

placed in mn
column R10 7.6.1 and R10.7.6.1.6&RQ¿QHPHQWLPSURYHVORDG
R10.7.6.1.5 R10.7.6.1
or pedestal, the bolts shall be enenclosedd by transverse rein-
ein- transfer fro nchor bo
from the anchor bolts and mechanical couplers to
forcement that also surrounds att lleast four longitudinal bars he co
the umn or pedestal
column estal wh
where concrete may crack in the
within the column or pedestal. The he transverse
verse reinforce nt
reinforcement vicin of tthe bolts
vicinity ts and me
mechanical couplers. Such cracking
shall be distributed within 5 in. of th
the top off th
the column or can occur due too unantic
unanticipated forces caused by temperature,
pedestal and shall consist of at least two No. 4 or three No. hrinkage, accidental impact during construction,
restrained shrinkage,
3 ties or hoops. PLODUH൵HFW
DQGVLPLODUH൵HFWV
10.7.6.1.6 If mechanical couplers or extended bars for

connection to a precast element are placed in the ends of
columns or pedestals, the mechanical couplers or extended
bars shall be enclosed by transverse reinforcement. The
transverse reinforcement shall be distributed within 5 in. of
the ends of the column or pedestal and shall consist of at
least two No. 4 or three No. 3 ties or hoops.
10.7.6.2 Lateral support of longitudinal bars using ties or R10.7.6.2 Lateral support of longitudinal bars using ties
hoops or hoops
10.7.6.2.1 In any story, the bottom tie or hoop shall be

located not more than one-half the tie or hoop spacing above
the top of footing or slab.
10.7.6.2.2 In any story, the top tie or hoop shall be located R10.7.6.2.2 For rectangular columns, beams or brackets
not more than one-half the tie or hoop spacing below the framing into all four sides at the same elevation are consid-
lowest horizontal reinforcement in the slab, drop panel, or ered to provide restraint over a joint depth equal to that of the
shear cap. If beams or brackets frame into all sides of the shallowest beam or bracket. For columns with other shapes,
column, the top tie or hoop shall be located not more than four beams framing into the column from two orthogonal
3 in. below the lowest horizontal reinforcement in the shal- directions are considered to provide equivalent restraint.
lowest beam or bracket.

PART 3: MEMBERS 163
CODE COMMENTARY
10.7.6.3 Lateral support of longitudinal bars using spirals R10.7.6.3 Lateral support of longitudinal bars using spirals
10.7.6.3.1 In any story, the bottom of the spiral shall be

located at the top of footing or slab.
10.7.6.3.2 In any story, the top of the spiral shall be located R10.7.6.3.2 Refer to R10.7.6.2.2.
in accordance with Table 10.7.6.3.2.
Table 10.7.6.3.2 —Spiral extension requirements at

top of column
Framing at column end Extension requirements
Extend to the level of the lowest
Beams or brackets frame into
horizontal reinforcement in members
all sides of the column
supported above.
Extend to the level of the lowest
horizontal reinforcement in members
Beams or brackets do not
supported above.
frame into all sides of the
Additional column ties shall extend
column
above termination of spiral to bottom of
slab, drop panel, or shear cap.
Extend to the level at which
ch the diameter
Columns
Columns with capitals al is twice tha
or width of capital that of the
colum
column.
10.7.6.4 /DWHUDOVXSSRUWRIRৼVHWEHQWORQJLWXGLQDOEDUV
ৼVHW ORQJLWXGLQDOE
10
DO EDUV DUH R൵VHW KRUL]
10.7.6.4.1 :KHUH ORQJLWXGLQDO QWDO
KRUL]RQWDO
ie hoops,
support shall be provided by ties, ops, spirals, or parts
arts
OO HVLJQHGWRUHVLV
RIWKHÀRRUFRQVWUXFWLRQDQGVKDOOEHGHVLJQHGWRUHVLVW
times the horizontal component of th t d force in the
the calculated
LQFOLQHGSRUWLRQRIWKHR൵VHWEDU
10.7.6.4.2 If transverse reinforcement is provided to resist st

IRUFHV WKDW UHVXOW IURP R൵VHW EHQGV WLHV KRRSV RU VSLUDOV
shall be placed not more than 6 in. from points of bend.
10.7.6.5 Shear
10.7.6.5.1 If required, shear reinforcement shall be

provided using ties, hoops, or spirals.
10.7.6.5.2 Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement shall

be in accordance with Table 10.7.6.5.2.
Table 10.7.6.5.2—Maximum spacing of shear

reinforcement
Maximum s, in.
Nonprestressed Prestressed
Vs column column
d 3h
≤ 4 f c′bw d Lesser of:
24
d 3h
> 4 f c′bw d Lesser of:
12

Cap 3. Columnas A Flexo Compresión Biaxial

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#Qr#ixuwkhu#uhsurgxfwlrq#ru#glvwulexwlrq#lv#shuplwwhg1

10.1.2 Design of plain concrete pedestals shall be in accor-

10.2.1.1 Design properties for concrete shall be selected to

10.2.1.2 Design properties for steel reinforcement shall be

10.2.2.2 For precast construction, cconnections shall satisfy

10.3—Design limits R10.3—Design limits

10.3.1.1 For columns with a square, octagonal, or other ([SOLFLWPLQLPXPVL]HVIRUFROXPQVDUHQRWVSHFL¿HGWR

10.3.1.3 For columns built monolithically with a concrete

American Concrete Institute – Copyrighted © Material – www.concrete.org

10.3.1.4 For columns with two or more interlocking

10.4—Required strength R10.4—Required strength

10.4.1.1 Required strength shall be calculated in accor-

10.4.2.1 Pu and Mu occurringng simultaneously

American Concrete Institute – Copyrighted © Material – www.concrete.org

10.5.1.2 ࢥVKDOOEHGHWHUPLQHGLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK 21.2.

10.5.2.1 Pn and Mn shall be calculated in accordance with

10.5.3.1 Vn shall be calculated in accordance with 22.5.

10.5.4 Torsion R10.5.4 Torsion

American Concrete Institute – Copyrighted © Material – www.concrete.org

10.6.2 0LQLPXPVKHDUUHLQIRUFHPHQW 0LQLPXPV

10.6.2.1 A minimum area of shear reinforcement, Av,min, R10 6

10.6.2.2 If shear reinforcement is required, Av,min shall be

10.7—Reinforcement detailing R10.7—Reinforcement detailing

10.7.1.1 Concrete cover for reinforcement shall be in

10.7.1.2 Development lengths of deformed and prestressed

American Concrete Institute – Copyrighted © Material – www.concrete.org

10.7.1.4 Bundled bars shall be in accordance with 25.6.

10.7.2.1 Minimum spacing s shall be in accordance with

10.7.3 /RQJLWXGLQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQW R10.7.3 /RQJLWXGLQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQW

QH SRUWLRQ RI DQ R൵VHW

10.7.5 6SOLFHVRIORQJLWXGLQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQW R10.7.5 6SOLFHVRIORQJLWXGLQDOUHLQIRUFHPHQW

10.7.5.1 General R10.7.5.1 General

10.7.5.1.1 Lap splices, mechanical splices, butt-welded

American Concrete Institute – Copyrighted © Material – www.concrete.org

Offset bars from

10.7.5.2 Lap splices R10.7.5.2 Lap splices

In columns subject to moment and axial force, tensile

American Concrete Institute – Copyrighted © Material – www.concrete.org

Direction 1: 4Ab ≥ 0.0015h1S

10.7.5.2.2 If the bar force due to factored loads is tensile,

Table 10.7.5.2.2—Tension lap splice class

10.7.5.3 End-bearing splices R10.7.5.3 End-bearing splices

10.7.6 7UDQVYHUVHUHLQIRUFHPHQW R10.7.6 7UDQVYHUVHUHLQIRUFHPHQW

10.7.6.1 General R10.7.6.1 General

10.7.6.1.1 Transverse reinforcement shall satisfy the most

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10.7.6.1.3 For prestressed columns with average fpe 

10.7.6.1.5 If anchor bolts are pl n the top of a co

10.7.6.1.6 If mechanical couplers or extended bars for

10.7.6.2.1 In any story, the bottom tie or hoop shall be

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10.7.6.3.1 In any story, the bottom of the spiral shall be

Table 10.7.6.3.2 —Spiral extension requirements at

10.7.6.4.2 If transverse reinforcement is provided to resist st

10.7.6.5.1 If required, shear reinforcement shall be

10.7.6.5.2 Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement shall

Table 10.7.6.5.2—Maximum spacing of shear

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10.7.6.1.3 For prestressed columns with average fpe