FINDING THE ANSWERS TO THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Qualitative Quantitative
Data Analysis Method
Qualitative data analysis – identification, examination, and Quantitative data processing – editing, coding, classifying, tabulating
interpretation of patterns and themes in textual data and determines and presenting data through chart, diagram or tables.
how these patterns and themes help answer the research questions a. Classification or Categorization – Grouping the statistical data
at hand. under various understandable homogeneous groups for the purpose of
a. Getting to know the data – to assess the quality of the convenient interpretation.
data before the analysis (e.g. Reading and rereading the text, b. Coding – study the responses of the respondents, list the possible
listening to recordings several times) answer to the question and assign a number or symbol to each, fit the
b. Focusing the analysis – (e.g. focus by question or topic, answers to the questions, and transfer the information from the schedule to
time period, or event, focus by case, individual, or group) the transcription sheet.
c. Coding – categorizing the data (e.g. predefined codes – c. Tabulation of data – summarizing raw data and displaying it in a
based from researchers knowledge through literature review, table.
emergent codes – apparent codes during the review) d. Data Diagrams – using charts and graphs to present data.
d. Entering and organizing the data – through a piece of Quantitative data analysis - developing answers to questions through
paper or through computers the examination and interpretation of data.
e. Cleaning the data – checking data errors (e.g. spot- a. Make copies of your data and store the master copy away. Use
checking – comparison between the raw data and the electronically the copy for making edits, cutting and pasting, etc.
entered data, eye-balling – review data entry or coding oversight, b. Tabulate the information (add up the number of ratings, rankings,
and logic check – review if data “make sense”) yes’s, no’s for each question)
f. Identifying meaningful patterns and themes (e.g. content c. For ratings and rankings, consider computing a mean, or
analysis – coding data, devising a matrix, identifying patterns, and average, for each question.
interpreting meanings; and thematic analysis – grouping according d. Consider conveying the range of answers, e.g., 20 people ranked
to themes. “1”, 9 people ranked “2”, and 20 people ranked “3”.
g. Interpreting the data – points or important findings Quantitative data interpretation – adequate exposition of the meaning
should be listed, the lessons learned and new things should be of the material in terms of the purpose of the study.
noted, quotes or descriptive examples given by the participants a. Revisit the main and sub-problems.
should be included, the new found knowledge from other settings, b. Describe the data.
programs, or reviewed literatures should be applied. c. Plan for an appropriate way to present the data collected
through table form, graphical, or any other way.
References: d. Plug in additional information.
Cristobal, Amadeo Jr. P. and Dela Cruz-Cristobal, Maura C. 2017.
Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. Quezon City: C & E
Publishing, Inc.
http://www.bumc.bu.edu/crro/files/2010/07/Hesse-Bieber-4-10.pdf
http://programeval.ucdavis.edu/documents/Tips_Tools_18_2012.p
df
e. Have closure or concluding statement in every data
interpretation.
References:
Faltado, Ruben III. E. et al. 2016. Practical Research 2 Quantitative
Research. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
https://www.reading.ac.uk/ssc/resources/QantatitativeAnalysisApproaches
ToQualitativeDataWhyWhenAndHow.pdf