‫ دكتور علي حكيم‬/ ‫اشراف‬ ‫ التهاب اجليوب االنفية‬/ ‫التقرير بعنوان‬ ‫حسني يونس علي‬/ ‫اعداد‬

University of Diyala
college of Medicine

The first stage

name / Hussein younis ali Under the supervision of

hussein Dr Ali Hakim

The report is entitled \ Sinusitis

2019-2020
 ‫ دكتور علي حكيم‬/ ‫اشراف‬ ‫ التهاب اجليوب االنفية‬/ ‫التقرير بعنوان‬ ‫حسني يونس علي‬/ ‫اعداد‬

introduction ........................................................................................................... 3

Symptoms ..................................................................................................................... 3
Common motives of continual inflammation include: .................................................. 4
Risk factors ............................................................................................................. 5
..................................................................................................... 5

................................................................................................................ 5

................................................................................ 6

reference.................................................................................................................. 7
 ‫ دكتور علي حكيم‬/ ‫اشراف‬ ‫ التهاب اجليوب االنفية‬/ ‫التقرير بعنوان‬ ‫حسني يونس علي‬/ ‫اعداد‬

Sinusitis

introduction

Chronic sinusitis occurs when voids inside your nose and head (sinuses) are swollen
for three months or more, despite treatment.

This common condition interferes with the way the mucus usually comes out, making
your nose clogged. Breathing through the nose can be difficult, and you may feel pain
or swelling in the area around your eyes.

Chronic sinusitis can be caused by infection, or by histological growth in the sinuses

(adenoids (nasal polyps)) or swelling of the sinus lining. Also called chronic sinusitis,
this condition can affect adults and children.

Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms of chronic redness include:

1/ rubor
2/Thick and discoloured nasal secretions
3/Leaching slips below the rear of the throat (back nasal discharge)
4/Stuffy nose or congestion; This causes problem in respiratory through the nose
5/Feeling pain, pain from bit, and swelling round the eyes, cheeks, nose or forehead
6/Weak sense of smell and style

Other signs and symptoms include:

1/Ear pain

2/Pain in the upper jaw and teeth

3/Cough or hem

4/Sore throat

5/Bad breath
 ‫ دكتور علي حكيم‬/ ‫اشراف‬ ‫ التهاب اجليوب االنفية‬/ ‫التقرير بعنوان‬ ‫حسني يونس علي‬/ ‫اعداد‬

6/ Fatigue.

When do you visit the doctor?

Make an appointment with a doctor if:

1/You have sinusitis several times, and the condition is not responding to treatment

2/You have symptoms of sinusitis that lasted more than 10 days

3/Your symptoms did not improve after visiting a doctor

See your doctor right away if you see the following signs or symptoms, which could
indicate a serious infection:

1. fever
2. Swelling or redness around your eyes
3. Severe headache
4. Forehead swelling
5. confusion
6. Duplication or other changes in vision
7. Stiff neck

Nasal polyps. These tissue growths will block the nasal passages or sinuses.
Deviation of the septum. The crooked septum - the wall between the 2 nostrils - might
also avoid or forestall sinus passages, creating inflammation signs worse.
Other medical conditions.

Complications from stipulations like pancreatic fibrosis, HIV and distinct

ailments associated with the immune contrivance may also in addition reason a stuffy
nose.

Respiratory infection. metastasis infections - most frequent colds - will result

in infection and thickening of the sinus membranes and stop mucous
secretion discharge.

These infections may also be microorganism, microorganism or flora.

Allergies like allergic rhinitis. Inflammation that
takes space with hypersensitivity will block the sinuses.
 ‫ دكتور علي حكيم‬/ ‫اشراف‬ ‫ التهاب اجليوب االنفية‬/ ‫التقرير بعنوان‬ ‫حسني يونس علي‬/ ‫اعداد‬

Risk factors

The risk of developing chronic sinusitis increases if you have any of the following:

1. Deviation of the nasal septum

2. Nasal polyps
3. asthma
4. Allergy to aspirin
5. Dental infections
6. Immune system disorders, such as HIV / AIDS or cystic fibrosis
7. Hay fever or another type of allergy
8. Exposure to pollutants such as cigarette smoking

Serious complications from complications from chronic sinusitis are rare, but may
include:

 Vision problems. If sinusitis spreads to the eyeball, it may cause low vision or
possibly permanent blindness.
 Cases of infection. Uncommonly, people with chronic sinusitis may develop
membranes and fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meningitis),
osteoarthritis, or a serious skin infection.

These steps should be taken to reduce the risk of chronic sinusitis:

Avoid upper respiratory infections. Reduce contact with people with colds. Wash
your hands often with soap and water, especially before meals.

Control allergies. Work with your doctor to keep your symptoms under control. Avoid
exposure to things that you feel as sensitive as possible.

Avoid cigarette smoke and polluted air. Tobacco smoke and air pollutants can irritate
your lungs and nasal passages and cause inflammation.
 ‫ دكتور علي حكيم‬/ ‫اشراف‬ ‫ التهاب اجليوب االنفية‬/ ‫التقرير بعنوان‬ ‫حسني يونس علي‬/ ‫اعداد‬

Use a humidifier. If the air in your home is dry, as if you heated the air with heat,
adding moisture to the air might help prevent sinusitis. Ensure that the moisturizer
remains clean and fungus-free with regular, thorough cleaning.

Sinuses are treated with oral antibiotics. Amoxicillin is the first choice. If the sinusitis
treatment fails, antibiotics are considered effective, which are effective against
amoxicillin-resistant bacteria. In the event of complications, the sinuses are treated
with intravenous antibiotics in the hospital. Some recommend giving medications to
shrink mucous membranes, such as local points of the nose or as a group, such as
grain, in order to improve the leakage and oxidation of the sinuses. However, long-
term treatment with nasal points causes damage to the capillary-carrying cells in the
nasal membrane, and accordingly freezes a cold, which encourages bacterial growth
and infection.

Antihistamine allergy medications are recommended only when the cold is due to an
allergy. In special and difficult cases, treatment with steroids is given orally, to reduce
inflammation and swelling, and to improve coldness and ventilation of the sinuses.
Consideration should be given to the possible complications associated with treating
nasal sinuses using steroids and disclosing them to the patient. It is possible to
recommend the use of anti-pain medication and inhalation medication to moisturize
the nose and sinuses, with the aim of improving the patient's feeling. The duration of
sinus treatment ranges from 10-14 days. If the symptoms do not go away, it is
necessary to continue treatment for another week.

It is recommended to wash the maxillary sinus when the antibiotic treatment is not
successful or there is a severe headache and also in patients with weak immune
system.

The sinuses are washed with local analgesia or anesthesia by inserting a syringe into
the maxillary sinus under the lower cavity. Rarely do we need surgery, unless there is
pain unresponsive to treatment, or to prevent complications from developing. Possible
complications in acute sinusitis: encephalitis or cerebral edema. Puffiness around the
eye until edema develops in the eye cavity. These complications are typical for
children, but they are less common. Treatment is carried out in hospital under
 ‫ دكتور علي حكيم‬/ ‫اشراف‬ ‫ التهاب اجليوب االنفية‬/ ‫التقرير بعنوان‬ ‫حسني يونس علي‬/ ‫اعداد‬

intensive care, giving a wide range of antibiotics intravenously until an operation to

drain the abscess and remove edema, and remove the source of infection in the
sinuses. The trend today is to perform the drainage through the nasal endoscope
without external wounds and scars.

reference

1/AskMayoExpert. Chronic rhinosinusitis. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and
Research; 2019.

2/Bennett JE, et al., eds. Sinusitis. In: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of
Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2015. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed
April 30, 2019.

3/Peters AT, et al. Diagnosis and management of rhinosinusitis: A practice parameter update. Annals of
Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Journal. 2014;113:347.

4/Wyler B, et al. Sinusitis update. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 2019;37:41.

5/Dietz de Loos DD, et al. Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in the general population based on sinus
radiology and symptomatology. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2019;143:1207

6/Sinus infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-

use/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/sinus-infection.html. Accessed April 30, 2019.

7/Sinusitis. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. https://www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-

treatments/library/allergy-library/sinusitis. Accessed April 30, 2019.

8/Goldman L, et al., eds. Allergic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 25th ed.
Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2016. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed April 30, 2019.

THANK YOU