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A Marxist Reading of Maupassant's Story 'The Diamond Necklace'
A Marxist Reading of Maupassant's Story 'The Diamond Necklace'
Necklace'
Literary theories are lenses to look at a literary text through. Here I will try to read Guy De
Maupassant’s “The Diamond Necklace” from Marxist perspective. A Marxist reading of the
story provides us to look into this short story from a Marxist point of view that means how
Karl Marx and Frederic Engels’s Marxist theory implies on this text. Economic condition,
according to Marxist theory, determines one’s class and also affects the life of that class in a
society. The ultimate result of this class distinction is class conflict where one class is
treated as inferior or ‘other’ and dominated by the views or perspectives of ‘Other’ that
means the superior class. Exactly same thing happens in the short story “The Diamond
Necklace”. The story illustrates social and economic inequality in general and particularly in
a proletariat woman’s life, Mathilde, and how much it costs in her livings when she wishes to
be perfect on bourgeoisies’ eyes. Apart from this, the story also portrays the way that a
family’s own budget in an economy can make or break their way of life. The story seems to
support the Marxist claim that people are mere creations of social or economic
circumstance.
Marxism:
Prior to going our textual analysis, we must have a detailed idea about Marxism as well as
Marxist literary criticism. Marxism is the movement founded by Karl Marx and Frederic
Engels in the mid nineteenth century. It is based upon the idea that a society is composed
of the proletariat, or working class, and the bourgeoisie, or upper class. It proposes that the
bourgeoisie is very separated from the working class and bends the rules in order keep
them at the bottom of the social ladder. The aim of Maxism is to bring about a classless
society, based on the common ownership of the means of production, distribution and
exchange. So with this knowledge it is a bit easier to see how to apply these ideals to
literature.
When viewing a literary work from the point of view of the Marxist strategy, one considers
the literature from all the aspects of economics. There are also some other things that
should be considered when we are going to analyze any literary text---
First of all, whether the text reflects or resists any dominant ideology, or it may both. Then
we should identify the class of characters that they belong to. Here one thing should be
remembered that in the most important element to discover the effect that economic
standing has on the characters. After that we can look into the evidence of class struggle or
class conflict and the way it affects in the livings of the characters. For example- the
ultimate result of class struggle is alienation and fragmentation. So we should observe
whether any character suffers from alienation or fragmentation.