RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The object of the experiment was to use fatty acid from palm oil to manufacture the bar
Soap. As with all fats, palm oil is made up of fatty acids, esterified with glycerol. Palm oil has a
relatively high content of saturated fat, in particular the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid, palmitic
acid, which is named after it. Next is to assess the amount of soap produced in the experiment.
Soap is the concept used to evaluate the amount of soap generated in the experiment.

The experiment started when the oil was heated up to a Celsius of 70-80 degrees. Steam
coils heat up the mixture inside the kettle to get it to a boil. The mass thickens upon heating,
while the fat reacts to the alkali, creating soap and glycerin. Then, it divides normal fat into fatty
acids and glycerin. Afterwards, the fatty acids are distilled for purification. Next, 2 the purified
fatty acids are then mixed together with an accurate amount of alkali to form soap. Other
ingredients are also mixed in, such as abrasives and fragrances. Then, the hot liquid soap may be
whipped to add air. After that, the soap can be poured into molds, and can be hardened into a
large slab. This can also be refrigerated in a separate freezer. The slab is sliced into smaller bar-
size parts, which are then painted and sealed. The whole continuous cycle can be completed in
several hours, from breaking to finishing. Lastly, after a few hours of soap was withdrawn from
the ice box and heater and the soap compressor unit was used to create a formed soap.

Based on the result of this experiment, the soaps produced from this experiment are a bar-
shaped solid-liquid soap. Sodium hydroxide reacts with sodium chloride, EDTA and fatty oils
before the soap is produced. Next, the soap mixture was stirred at the temperature of 76.7
degrees Celsius. The response will not shift at first 10 minutes from the color of light yellow to
bright yellow. Within 30 minutes, it switches the phases to be absorbed and it reacts to solid-
liquid soap with fatty acids. There were a few possible errors in this experiment, which is that the
temperature may not have been set in the correct range, which may cause fatty oils not to react
with the mixture completely. Next, the time it took to wait for the reaction to occur may take a
long or short time until the reaction in this experiment does not occur and cannot fully react.