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Tarbela Reservoir A Question of Induced Seismicity
Tarbela Reservoir A Question of Induced Seismicity
Tarbela Reservoir A Question of Induced Seismicity
Scholars' Mine
International Conference on Case Histories in (1988) - Second International Conference on Case
Geotechnical Engineering Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Jun 1st
Recommended Citation
Mahdi, S. K., "Tarbela Reservoir A Question of Induced Seismicity" (1988). International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical
Engineering. 48.
http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/icchge/2icchge/2icchge-session3/48
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Proceedings: Second International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, June 1-5,1988, St. Louis, Mo., Paper No. 3.49
SYNOPSIS
Tarbela Dam which is by volume (105 million rn3) the world's largest earth and rock filled dams is
located on the middle Indus River in northern Pakistan. Having a length at crest of 2.7 Km and
maximum height 143 m, its reservoir has an area of about 100 Sq. Krns, with a maximum depth of about
130 rn and gross capacity of 13.7 Km3. Complete first impounding of reservoir was carried out
during 1975 and since then i t has completed twelve filling-release cycles.
To study the induced seismic behaviour of Tarbela Reservoir data analysis regarding number of
seismic events and energy release has been carried out, taking an area of 50 Km radius around
Tarbela Dam. Local Scale was used for magnitude calculations and the energy releases were computed
through Richter's formula:
INTRODUCTION
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Second International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Missouri University of Science and Technology
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northwest of the Darn Site. These faults have Some of the common characteristics of
been inferred by Landsat, Imagery scans and Reservoir Induced Seismicity (Gupta and Hostog
thirteen years of Microseismic data. Some 1976) are:
description of tectonic features surrounding i) Frequency of earthquakes occurence shows
the Project is given in the comrning paras. co-relation with Reservoir levels.
Indus-Darband is a steeply dipping fault ii) The focal depths are shallow i.e. within
passing below the Main Dam. It forms a 214 10 Kms.
meters near vertical escarpment in the Dam iii) The foreshock and aftershock 'b' values
foundation and continues more than 100 Kms are in general higher than 'b' values for
north of it. Its direction of relative dis- normal earthquake sequences of the region
placement is left lateral strike slip. concerned.
Tarnawi-Punjal fault is at its closest iv) Aftershocks have a comparatively slow rat
point approximately 12 Kms. from Dam site. It of decay.
extends for at least 80 Kms southwest from the v) The foreshock-aftershock pattern
Western Himalayan Synatas to the Attock area. correspond to type-2 of Magi's models.
At both ends i t appears to merge with major vi) The magnitude ratio of largest aftershock
faults of Himalayan Thrust System and its to mainshock is high and is of the order
direction of offset is a combination of of 0.9.
thrusting and left lateral displacement. The first two cases regarding Tarbela
The Indus Kohistan Seismic Zone (IKSZ) , Reservoir are discussed in this paper.
which is seismically defined as a straight
extension of main Himalayan Thrust earthquake SESIMIC EVENTS AND RESERVOIR LEVEL
belt, is at a distance of about 80 Kms. north-
east of Tarbela. Hazara Thrust System (HTS) is In the lowest portion of Figure 2 miscroseismi
approximately 70 Kms. southwest of IKSZ and events in monthly periods, from August 1973
therefore is much closer in plan to Tarbela through December 1986 have been plotted.
Dam. It is primarily a right lateral strike Reservoir fluctuations for the same period can
slip fault. be seen in the upper part of this Figure.
THE SEISMIC DATA AND METHOD
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Missouri University of Science and Technology
http://ICCHGE1984-2013.mst.edu
TABLE-4. Yearly Energy release (1914 through 1986) along
TABLB-2. Relationship between Direct and Inverse Indus-Da:rband Fault Zone (107 Km) and Tarnawi-
Energy release with Reservoir level Punjal Fault Zone (107 Km) above and below
120 meters elevation (reservoir)
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Second International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Missouri University of Science and Technology
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REFERENCES
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Second International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering
Missouri University of Science and Technology
http://ICCHGE1984-2013.mst.edu