DESIGN OF PSC GIRDER

WORKING STRESS METHOD

1.0 SALIENT FEATURES AND DESIGN DATA

1 c/c of pier to face of dirtwall =
2 angle of skew =
3 Span ( c/c of bearings) =
4 length of precast girder =
5 Span ( c/c of temporary supports ) for precast girder =
6 No of girders =
7 clc distance of the girders =
8 clear carriage way =
9 width of footpath + ACB =
10 width of median =
11 Overall width of the deck =
12 width of deck slab beyond centre line of outer girder =
13 thickness of deck slab =
14 thickness of end diaphragm =
15 Grade of concrete for PSC girder M
for RCC deck slab M

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION

2.0 CALCULATION OF SECTIONAL PROPERTIES

2.1 SECTION AT MIDSPAN (3,4,5,6)
a) PROPERTIES OF PRECAST SECTION
A = 0.621 m2 Icg =
Yt = 0.889 m Zt =
Yb = 0.861 m Zb =

Effective width of the slab 0.250

Minimum of the following

1 1/4th the effective span of the girder

= 24.400 = 6.100
4
2 The distance between centres of the ribs of the girder
1 x( 1.50 + 1.500 )'= 3.000
3 The breadth of the rib plus 1/5 times the span
0.290 + 0.2 x 24.400 = 5.17
. . Effective width of the slab for M40 grade
.
= 3.000
 = 3.000

b) PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE SECTION

A = 1.371 m2 Icg =
Yt = 0.585 m Zt =
Yb = 1.415 m Zb =

2.2 SECTION AT SUPPORT (1,2)

same as above for different sections

3.0 CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENTS AND SHEAR

FORCES AT VARIOUS SECTIONS
3.1 BM & SF DUE TO SELF WEIGHT OF GIRDER
3.2 BM & SF DUE TO DIAPHRAGMS
3.3 BM & SF DUE TO INSITU DECK SLAB
3.4 BM & SF DUE TO SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD
3.5 BM & SF DUE TO VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD
3.6 BM & SF DUE TO FOOTPATH LIVE LOAD
3.7 SUMMARY OF BENDING MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCES AT
VARIOUS SECTIONS

4.0 CABLE PROFILE OF OUTER GIRDER (G1,G5)

4.1 ) CABLE POSITIONS AT MIDSPAN AND ANCHORAGES
cable no 1
Type of cable = 8 T 13
Area of cable mm2. 98.74 = 789.92
UTS kg/mm .
2
= 189.720478
days of prestress 21
Total length of girder = 24.600
Distance of Anchorage from Mid span = 12.200
DISTANCES OF VARIOUS SECTIONS FROM SUPPORT AND MIDSPAN

Cable force
Cables are stressed from both the end.
Calculation of forces in the cables before and after slip (slip = 6
 Section length of k = 0.002 Angle mu = 0.17 x=kl+ e-x
section theta calculated
l in (m) k*l in rad  for each

Force Diagram

Calculation of slip
SUMMARY OF CABLE FORCE AFTER SLIP:

HORIZONTAL CABLE FORCE COMPONENTS (F = PCOS(Q))

VERTICAL CABLE FORCE COMPONENTS (F = PSIN(Q))

)CABLE ELONGATION

Elongation = fxL where,

AxE f = Average cable force at reference section (in kN)
L = Length of cable (in mm)
A = Area of cable (in mm2)

E = Youngs modulus (in N/mm2)

7.0 EFFECT OF FIRST STAGE PRESTRESS

7.1 STRESSES IMMEDIATELY AFTER Ist STAGE PRESTRESS
7.2 CALCULATION OF LOSSES DUE TO Ist STAGE PRESTRESS

1) Losses due to creep in concrete

( cl.11.2 of IRC:18 - 2000 )
Creep strain in period between 3 days 42%
10 days 77%
9.22E-04 - 5.40E-04 = 3.82E-04 per 100 kg/cm2 stress in concrete at the
centroid of prestressing steel.
= 3.82E-004 x

= 2.08E-04
... Creep loss = creep strain x modulus of elasticity of H.T ste
= 2.08E-04 x
= 405.33 kg/cm2.

2) Losses due to shrinkage of concrete

( cl.11.3 of IRC:18 - 2000 )
Shrinkage of concrete in the period of 4 3 days and 10
 = 0.00043 - 0.0003 = 1.30E-04

= 1.30E-04 x

= 253.50 kg/cm2.

3) Loss due to Elastic shortening ( cl.11.1 of IRC:18 - 2000 )

Modulus of Elasticity of Steel, Es = 1.95E+06 kg/cm2.

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete, Ec = 5000 Fc
= 5000 20
= 22360.6798
= 223606.798 kg/cm2.
Modular ratio, m = 1.95E+06 = 8.72
223606.798
Loss Due to Elastic Shortening = 54.41 x
2
= 237.26 kg/cm2.

4) Loss due to relaxation of H.T steel

( cl.11.4 of IRC:18 - 2000 )

Ultimate tensile strength of wires = 18.733

Ultimate tensile strength of 19 T 13 tendon = 19
= 355.93
Area of each strand = 0.9874
No. of cables = 2.00 ( 2.00 of 19 T 13
Equivalent No. 19 T 13 cables = 2 x 18.7606
18.7606
= 2.00
Referring cl. of Design
Average force in cables
= 299.33 + 301.79 + 305.37 +
6
= 306.32 t.
= 306.32 UTS
355.93 x 2
= 0.430 UTS

Average stress in cables = 306.32 x 1.00E+03

2.00 x 18.76

... Loss due to relaxation of H. = 8163.9355 x 3

= -213.34 kg/cm2.
 ... Total loss = 405.33 + 253.5 +
= 682.75 kg/cm2.

... % age loss = 682.75 x 100 =

8163.9355
% age loss due to elastic shortening = 237.26 x 100
8163.9355
i.e Instantaneous loss = 2.91 %
... Balance loss = 8.36 - 2.91
5.46 %
20% higher loss = 6.55 %

8.0 EFFECT OF SECOND STAGE PRESTRESS

8.1 STRESSES IMMEDIATELY AFTER IInd STAGE PRESTRESS

8.2 CALCULATION OF LOSSES DUE TO IInd STAGE PRESTRESS

same as in 1st stage
8.3 ADDITIONAL LOSS IN Ist STAGE DUE TO IInd STAGE PRESTRESS
1) Additional stress @ c.g of Cables = Err:512 - 54.41
= Err:512 kg/cm2.
2) Loss due to Creep in concrete
Creep strain in concrete = 5.40E-04 x Err:512
100 100
= Err:512
... Loss due to Creep in concrete = Err:512 x 1.95E+06
= Err:512 kg/cm2.

3) Loss due to Shrinkage in concrete

Shrinkage strain at 2nd stage = 3.00E-04
..
.
Loss due to shrinkage in concrete = 3.00E-04 x 1.95E+06
= 585.00 kg/cm2.
4) Loss Due to Elastic Shortening = Err:512 x 6.63
2
= Err:512 kg/cm2.
... Total Loss = Err:512 + Err:512
= Err:512 kg/cm2.
% Loss = Err:512 x 100
8163.9355
Err:512 %
20% higher loss = Err:512 %
9.0 STRESS DUE TO DIFFERENTIAL SHRINKAGE

For Age of Precast Unit upto 90 days

Differential shrinkage strain = 2.00E-04
reduction factor for creep effect M 45
modulus of elasticity of concrete = 5000.00 x\ Fcj
= 5000.00 x\ 45
... Differential s t . = 8.60E-05 x 3.35E+05
Area of effective deck slab = 300.000 x 25.0
Tensile force in the slab due to differential shrinkage

Moment in the girder due to differential shrinkage

10.0 RECAPITULATION OF STRESSES UPTO SERVICE

10.1 CHECK FOR STRESSES AT VARIOUS STAGES OF LOADING

I) CHECK FOR MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRESSES

As per cl.7.1 of IRC:18 - 2000
The Compressive stress in the extreme fibre of concrete immediately after prestressing or after
the transfer of prestress & before allowing for further losses due to shrinkage & creep shall not
exceed:
i) 0.45 x cube strength at the time of transfer

As per cl.7.2 of IRC:18 - 2000

The compressive stress in the extreme fibre of concrete after allowing for all losses either due to
full D.L or full D.L & L.L shall be 0.33 fck:- = 0.33 x
= 148.50 kg/cm2.

1) STRESS CHECK IMMEDIATELY AFTER 1st STAGE PRESTRESSING

Referring cl. of Design

Max. Compressive Stress = 70.48 kg/cm2. ( At Section

The 1st Stage Prestressing is done after 3 days of casting of girder or after
the concrete has attained a cube strength of 200 kg/cm2., whichever is later.
... The max. permissible comp. stress:
i) 0.5 x 200 = 100 kg/cm2.

... The max. permissible comp. stress = 100.00

> 70.48 kg/cm2.

2) STRESS CHECK IMMEDIATELY AFTER 2nd STAGE PRESTRESSING

 The 2nd Stage Prestressing is done after 10 days of casting of girder or after
the concrete has attained a cube strength of 346.5 kg/cm2., whichever is later.
... The max. permissible comp. stress:
i) 0.5 x 346.5 = 173.25 kg/cm2.
..
.
The max. permissible comp. stress = 173.25 kg/cm2.
Referring cl. of Design
Max. Compressive Stress = kg/cm2. ( At Section
173.25 kg/cm2. ...

II ) CHECK FOR MAXIMUM TENSILE STRESSES

No tensile stress shall be allowed except under partial D.L in the extreme fibre limited to 1/10
of the permissible compressive stress which will disappear completely, when full D.L is
allowed to act.
Referring cl. 8.00 of Design
The permissible temporary tensile compr= 100.00 = 10.00
after 1st stage prestress 10
Tensile stress in the bottom fibre = kg/cm2.
before second stage of prestress >
kg/cm2. SAFE

III ) CHECK FOR MAX. COMPRESSIVE STRESS BEFORE SERVICE

Max. permissible comp stress before ser = kg/cm2.

Max. compressive stress before service = kg/cm2.

< kg/cm2.
... SAFE

IV ) CHECK FOR MAX. COMPRESSIVE STRESS AT SERVICE

Max. permissible comp. stress at service = kg/cm2.

Max. compressive stress at service = kg/cm2.

kg/cm2.
...

V) CHECK FOR MINIMUM STRESS AT SERVICE

Stress at service under full live = kg/cm2.

5.00 kg/cm2.
> 0.00 kg/cm2.
11.0 ULTIMATE STRENGTH CHECK
( Vide cl.12 of IRC:18 - 2000 )
#REF! ) Failure by Yield of Steel

Mult = 0.9 x db x As x fp
where
As = Area of high tensile steel
fp = the ultimate tensile strength of steel
db = the depth of the beam from the maximum compression edge to the
cg of steel tendons

#REF! ) Failure by crushing of concrete in compression zone

Mult = 0.176 bdb2fck + 2/3 0.8(Bf-b)(db-t/2) x t fck

where
b = width of web
Bf = the width of flange
t = thickness of flange

12.0 SHEAR FORCE CALCULATION

12.1 CALCULATION OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT AT VARIOUS SECTIONS

12.2 MAX SHEAR AND CORRESPONDING BENDING MOMENT

Vu = 1.25 ( S.F1 + S.F2) + 2 ( SF3) + 2.5(S.F4)
Mu = 1.25 ( M1 + M2) + 2 (M3) + 2.5(M4 )

a) Ultimate shear resistance of section uncracked in flexure V co.

Vco = 0.67 bDft2+0.8 fcp x ft + p sin 

b) Ultimate shear resistance of section cracked in flexure V cr.

Vcr = ( 0.037 x bd Fc )/1000 .+ ( Mt x Vu ) / Mu ( t )
Mt=(0.37 Fc + 0.8fpt) INA /y (t-m)

.= ( Vu - Vc )100

c) shear reinforcement

Aw ( cm2 / m ) .= ( Vu - Vc )100
0.87 fy dt

12.3 CHECK FOR MAXIMUM SHEAR

Maximum shear force = bd x 0.05 (t)
 12.4 PROVISION FOR HORIZONTAL SHEAR
Horizontal shear stress h = V AsYts
bif Ic
12.5 DESIGN OF TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
(refer cl 611.5 IRC:22-1986)
The longitudinal shear force VL per unit length shall not exceed
(i) 0.4Ls fck Ls = length of shear plane
(ii) 0.7As y + 0.08 Ls fck
As = Sum of c/s area of steel per unit len
As > VL - 0.08Ls fck
0.7 y

13.0 DEFLECTION CALCULATIONS

Max. deflection under a UDL causing a max. moment of ' M ' :
= 5 x M L2.
48 EI
Where ,
L = Effective span of Girder.
E = Modulus of Elasticity.
I = Moment of inertia.
i ) Deflection under self wt. (  1 )
ii ) Deflection under dead wt.of deck slab. (  2 )
iii ) Deflection under Foot path, Kerbs & Hand Rail & Wearing Coat (  3 )
iv ) Deflection under Vehicular Live load (  4 )
vi ) Upward deflection due to prestress
First stage prestress
Second stage prestress
Net deflection = Total downward deflection - Total upward deflection.

14.0 CABLE DETAILS OF INNER GIRDER (G2,G4)

15.0 PRECAST END BLOCK DESIGN

( Vide cl.17.2 of Irc:18 - 2000 )

2 Ypo = width of Bearing plate

= 265 mm.
2 Yo = width of End Block
= 750.0 mm.
For Ypo = 132.5 = 0.3533
Yo 375.0

Ypo Fbst x = 0.2300 + -0.0300

Yo Pk 0.1000
0.3 0.23 = 0.2140
0.353 x
 0.4 0.2

Fbst = 0.2140
Pk

Pk = Max. prestressing force at anchorage end

= t.

Fbst = 0.214
0

... Fbst = 0.214 x 0

= 0.00 t.

Permissible stress for Fe - 415 st = 0.87 x 4150

= 3610.5 kg/cm2.

... Area of steel required = 0.00 = 0.00

3610.5
Provided SPIRAL
 20 , 8 rounds 1 no

Area of ste = 3.142 x 8 x 1

= 25.13 cm . 2

> 0.00 cm2. ... SAFE

16.0 Temperature gradient:

The temperature gradient effect shall be evaluated as per IRC: 6 for rise and fall in tempe
The effect of temperature difference within the PSC girder and deck slab shall be derived
positive and reverse temperature differences as shown in fig below.

17.8 10.6

h1=0.3h<0.15m h1 4 0.7

h2=0.3h<0.10m h2

0.8
h3=0.3h<0.15m h3

2.1 6.6
 positive temperature diff reverse temperature

The procedure adopted for longitudinal analysis for temperature gradient is as generally d
in the text "Bridge Deck Behaviour" by C. Hambly.

Assume that the deck experiences temperature change which induces stresses while the d
rigidly restrained throughout and then the effects of releasing the theoretical restraints ar
superimposed.

Section properties:
The thermal stresses shall be evaluated for each of the longitudinal members of the grid
separately for different depth and for solid slab in the cantilever portion and shall be as sh

#REF!

#REF!

average depth
#REF! #REF!
#REF!

#REF!
#REF!
EQUIVALENT SECTION OF
PSC GIRDER FOR PURPOSE
OF EVALUATING THERMAL
STRESSES

Material properties:
For the purpose of calculating thermal effects, the material properties shall be
a) Coefficient of thermal expans= 0.0000117 / OC
for concrete and steel
b) Modulus of elasticity = 0.5 times the short term modulus
= 0.5 x 3.35E+05
= 167500.0 kg/cm2

section of the girder in span stress diagram kg/cm2

#REF!
h1 150 mm
h2 250 mm #REF!
h3 175 mm

#REF! #REF!
 #REF!

#REF!
#REF!
properties of section
area = #REF! cm2
cg from bottom = #REF! cm acting at
force F1 = #REF! #REF!
F2 = #REF! #REF!
F3 = #REF! #REF!
F = F1+F2+F3 #REF! kg #REF! t #REF!

#REF! x #REF! = #REF!

= #REF!

- = #REF! kg/cm2

34.88 #REF! #REF!

0.150 + 7.84 #REF! +
#REF! #REF! #REF!
0.00 #REF!

- =
-

0.175 + 4.12
#REF!
stress in average stress stess due to
restrained deck due to compression restraint moment

Calculation of stresses due to release of restraint moment

stress at to = #REF! = #REF! kg/cm2
#REF!

stress at b = #REF! = #REF! kg/cm2

#REF!

#REF! #REF!
#REF! + #REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF! m
+
- #REF! m
 #REF!

#REF! #REF!

stess due to stress due to

restraint moment release of rotation

It can be seen form the above calculations that the resultant stresses due to rise in tempe
gives compressive stress I deck slab and soffit slab of the girder and tensile stress in the w
#REF! #REF!
#REF! + #REF!
#REF!
#REF!

#VALUE! #REF!
+
#REF! #REF!

Final stresses in kg/cm2 Resultant under service

under 50% LL
(section 6-6)

section of the girder in span stress diagram kg/cm2

#REF!
h1 = 250 mm
h2 = 200 mm #REF!
h3 = 200 mm
h4 = 250 mm
#REF! #REF!
#REF!

#REF!
 #REF!
properties of section
area = #REF! cm2
cg from bottom = #REF! cm acting at
F1 = #REF! #REF!
F2 = #REF! #REF!
F3 = #REF! #REF!
F4 = #REF! #REF!
F = F1+F2+F3+F4 = #REF! kg #REF! t #REF!
moment at cg = #REF! x #REF! = #REF!

The average tensile stress is given by

- = #REF! t/m2

-20.77 #REF! #REF!

0.250 + -1.37 #REF! -
0.200 0.00 #REF!

- =
+

0.2 -1.57 #REF!

0.25 + -12.93 #REF!

stress in average stress stess due to

restrained deck due to compression restraint moment

Calculation of stresses due to release of restraint moment

stress at top = #REF! = #REF! t/m2
#REF!

stress at bottom = #REF! = #REF! t/m2

#REF!

#REF! #REF!
+
#REF! #REF!
#REF!
m
#REF!
+
- #REF! m

#REF! #REF!
 #REF! #REF!

#REF! #REF!

stess due to stress due to

restraint moment release of rotation

It can be seen form the above calculations that the resultant stresses due to rise in tempe
gives compressive stress I deck slab and soffit slab of the girder and tensile stress in the w

#REF! #REF!
+
#REF!

#REF! #REF!
#REF!
+
#REF! #REF!

Final stresses in kg/cm2 Resultant under service

under 50% LL
(section 6-6)

35.0 DESIGN OF DECK SLAB

36.0 DESIGN OF DIAPHRAGM
37.0 CABLE ELONGATION CALCULATION

STAAD ANALYSIS OUTPUT

 REF

1
m
deg
m
m
m
nos
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
40
40

2-6
2

0.1990 m4
0.2237 m3
0.2312 m3

m
x
m

0.553 m4
0.945 m3
0.390 m3

7-17

7
9
11
12
13
15
16

18

m
m

mm at jack end)
ence section (in kN)

= 0 T 13 x 98.74
= mm .
2

= 1.95E+04 N/mm2.

29
30
31

maturity and
maturity
2 stress in concrete at the
stressing steel.
54.41
100

modulus of elasticity of H.T steel

1.95E+06

days
 1.95E+06

( cl.10.1.1 of IRC:18 - 1985 )

( cl.10.2 of IRC:18 - 1985 )
stress in concrete at the
time of stressing

8.72

tonnes
x 18.733
tonnes
cm2.
+ 0 of 19 T 13
+ 0 x 18.7606

308.39 + 310.49 + 312.56

= 8163.9355 kg/cm2.

x -0.87 %
 -213.34 + 237.26

8.36 %

33

34

37

38

+ 585.00
 39

= 0.430

= 335410.2 kg/cm2.
= 28.85 kg/cm2.
= 7500 cm2.
= 216339.577 kg
= 216.34 t

40
43

sing or after

either due to
450

5-5 )

of girder or after

kg/cm2.
... SAFE
of girder or after

( At Section 6-6 )

kg/cm2.

(Section 6-6 )

( At Section 4-4 )

( At Section 6-6 )

( At Section 6-6 )
..
.
 45

ompression edge to the

47
48

51

54
 55

56

rea of steel per unit length

57

upward deflection.

59

141

x 0.0533
 cm2.

or rise and fall in temperature

k slab shall be derived from the

0.25 h1=0.2h < 0.25m

0.25 h2=0.2h < 0.25m

0.2 h3=0.25h < 0.2m

0.2 h4=0.25h < 0.2m
 reverse temperature diff

radient is as generally discussed

uces stresses while the deck is

theoretical restraints are

al members of the grid

ortion and shall be as shown below.

ties shall be

m modulus

am kg/cm2
34.88
7.84
 4.12

cm from cg
cm from cg
cm from cg
cm from cg

kgcm
tm

#REF!
#REF! +

=
 #VALUE!
+
#REF!

tress due to Final stresses in t/m2

elease of rotation

ses due to rise in temperature

nd tensile stress in the web.
#REF!
#REF!

#VALUE!

#REF!

Resultant stress in kg/cm2

with temperature

tress diagram kg/cm2

20.77
1.37

1.57
 12.93

cm from cg
cm from cg
cm from cg
cm from cg
cm from cg
kgcm

#REF!
+
#REF!

-
=

#REF!
 +
#REF!

tress due to Final stresses in t/m2

elease of rotation

ses due to rise in temperature

nd tensile stress in the web.

#REF!

#REF!

#REF!

#REF!

Resultant stress in kg/cm2

with temperature

142
150
159
#REF! ) CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCES AT VARIOUS
SECTIONS

Following sections are considered for the design of PSC girder

Section 0-0 @ support

Section 1-1 @ end of thickning of web
Section 2-2 @ mid of thickning of web
Section 3-3 @ start of thickning of web
Section 4-4 @ 0.3L
Section 5-5 @ 0.4L
Section 6-6 @ 0.5L mid span

#REF! I BENDING MOMENT DUE TO SELF WEIGHT OF GIRDER (M1)

Weight of midspan section = #REF! x
Weight of support section = #REF! x
Weight of end thickning =

B.M & S.F. at various SECTION

sections due to 1-1 2-2
SELF WEIGHT
M 1 0.00 37.00
S.F. 1 0.00 0.66

#REF! BENDING MOMENT DUE TO INSITU DIAPHRAGM + DECK SLAB (M2)

Calculation of weight of deck slab

width of deck slab on girder =
thickness of deck slab =
weight of deck slab =
Diaphragm = #REF! x #REF! x
B.M & S.F. at various SECTION
sections due to 1-1 2-2
diaphragm
M 2 0.00 26.00
S.F. 2 0.00 0.47

3.3 BENDING MOMENT DUE SUPERIMPOSED DEAD LOAD (M3)

Bending moment due to superimposed dead load is taken from output of Grid analysis
Superimposed dead load
UDL on outer member
 Reaction due to crashbarrier
on girder G1 and G3
(a) crash barrier = 0.3335 x
(b) wearing coat floor load = 0.065 x
(c) railing = 0.2 x

B.M & S.F. at various

sections due to 1-1 2-2
SIDL
M 3 -64.00 -59.20
S.F. 3 0.00 74.35

3.4 BENDING MOMENT AND SF DUE TO VEHICULAR LIVE LOAD (M4)

Class 70R wheeled critical

IMPACT FACTOR = 1 +

B.M & S.F. at various

sections due to 1-1 2-2
LL class 70R
M 4 -101.00 -81.16
S.F. 4 0.00 45.96
LL incl impact
M 4 0.00 0.00
S.F. 4 0.00 0.00

Class A 2 lanes

IMPACT FACTOR = 1 +

(Refer computer output pages including reduction factor of 0.9)

B.M & S.F. at various
sections due to 1-1 2-2
LL Class a 2lanes
M 4 0.00 0.00
S.F. 4 0.00 0.00
sections incl impact
M 4 0.00 0.00
S.F. 4 0.00 0.00
 Class A 1 lanes

for max moment

#REF! #REF! #REF!

IMPACT FACTOR = 1 +

(Refer computer output pages including reduction factor of 0.9)

B.M & S.F. at various
sections due to 1-1 2-2
LL Class a 2lanes
M 4
S.F. 4
sections incl impact
M 4 0.00 0.00
S.F. 4 0.00 0.00

Footpath Live Load

effective span L = #REF! m c/c bearings
Basic intensity P' = 500 kg/m2.
Intensity of load P = P' -(

= 500 -(

= #REF! kg/m2.
width of footpath = 1.5
load on kerb = 365.0 x

B.M & S.F. at various

sections due to 1-1 2-2
FOOTPATH LL
M 4 0.00 0.00
S.F. 4 0.00 0.00

3.5 BENDING MOMENT AND SF DUE TO LAUNCHING (M5)

B.M & S.F. at various

sections due to 1-1 2-2
LL class 70R
M 5 0.00 0.00
S.F. 5 0.00 0.00
3.5 SUMMARY OF BENDING MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCES AT
VARIOUS SECTIONS
B.M. DUE TO SECTION
central 2-2
support
SELF WEIGHT M1 0.00 37.00
SF1 0.00 0.66
DECK SLAB M2 0.00 26.00
SF2 0.00 0.47
SUPERIMPOSED M3 -64.00 -59.20
LOAD SF3 0.00 74.35
VEHICULAR M4 0.00 0.00
SF4 0.00 0.00
TOTAL M -64.00 3.80
SF 0.00 75.47
 Distance of section from Length of
Support Mid span each section
= 0.000 m #VALUE! m
= 0.000 m #VALUE! m 0.000 m
= 2.000 m #VALUE! m 2.000 m
= 2.675 m #VALUE! m 0.675 m
= 5.850 m #VALUE! m 3.175 m
= 9.025 m #VALUE! m 3.175 m
= #REF! m #VALUE! m #REF! m

2.6 = #REF! t/m

2.6 = t/m
= #VALUE! t/m

3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6

54.00 94.00 116.05 122.52

14.79 9.86 4.93 0.01

#REF! m
#REF! m
#REF! t/m
2.500 x #REF! = #REF! t

3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6

61.50 107.75 133.10 141.69

22.84 16.88 7.61 1.66

t of Grid analysis
 1 x 2.4 = 0.800 t/m
1 x 2.3 = 0.150 t/m2
1 x 2.4 = 0.480 t/m

SECTION
3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6

-41.59 2.08 11.98 20.84

25.39 24.03 12.57 4.93

4.5 = #REF!
6 + #REF!

SECTION
3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6

-41.23 72.73 131.61 160.95

37.07 34.02 20.09 28.45

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

4.5 = #REF!
6 + #REF!

SECTION
3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
 1.8 0.4

#REF! #REF! #REF!

4.5 = #REF!
6 + #REF!

SECTION
3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

c/c bearings

40L-300 )
9
40 x #REF! - 300 )
9
say 365.0 kg/m2.

1.5 = 0.274 t/m

2

SECTION
3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

SECTION
3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
 3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6

54.00 94.00 116.05 122.52

14.79 9.86 4.93 0.01
61.50 107.75 133.10 141.69
22.84 16.88 7.61 1.66
-41.59 2.08 11.98 20.84
25.39 24.03 12.57 4.93
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
73.91 203.83 261.13 285.05
63.02 50.77 25.11 6.60
 P57-P58 Girder G1-laterally deflected Max moment
Beam L/C Node Axial ForceShear-Y kN Shear-Z kNTorsion kN Moment-Y
197 1 196 0 0.019 0 1.635 0
467 1 196 0 0.13 0 1.441 0
467 1 337 0 48.621 0 -1.441 0
197 1 345 0 48.73 0 -1.635 0
188 1 337 0 -48.945 0 5.363 0
483 1 345 0 -49.262 0 4.867 0
188 1 187 0 97.696 0 -5.363 0
483 1 205 0 98.013 0 -4.867 0
451 1 187 0 -70.139 0 7.579 0
206 1 205 0 -69.987 0 7.154 0
451 1 329 0 118.89 0 -7.579 0
158 1 329 0 -117.608 0 6.219 0
206 1 353 0 118.737 0 -7.154 0
499 1 353 0 -117.127 0 10.339 0
158 1 92 0 133.898 0 -6.219 0
20 1 92 0 -133.898 0 7.197 0
180 1 165 0 -133.422 0 6.71 0
499 1 165 0 133.422 0 -10.339 0
173 1 158 0 -161.917 0 4.732 0
180 1 158 0 161.917 0 -6.71 0
20 1 83 0 162.393 0 -7.197 0
17 1 83 0 -162.393 0 9.831 0
173 1 144 0 168.61 0 -4.732 0
166 1 144 0 -168.61 0 4.732 0
15 1 56 0 -169.087 0 6.214 0
17 1 56 0 169.087 0 -9.831 0
166 1 136 0 180.658 0 -4.732 0
15 1 38 0 181.135 0 -6.214 0
nt Max reactions
Moment-Z kN-m 15 1 38 0 181.135 0
-1147.632 56 0 -169.087 0
1147.572 17 1 56 0 169.087 0
-1072.924 83 0 -162.393 0
1072.647 20 1 83 0 162.393 0
1072.62 92 0 -133.898 0
-1072.352 158 1 92 0 133.898 0
-846.868 329 0 -117.608 0
845.628 166 1 144 0 -168.61 0
843.104 136 0 180.658 0
-841.739 173 1 158 0 -161.917 0
-552.1 144 0 168.61 0
551.709 180 1 165 0 -133.422 0
551.212 158 0 161.917 0
-550.732 188 1 187 0 97.696 0
-422.332 337 0 -48.945 0
422.316 197 1 196 0 0.019 0
-421.878 345 0 48.73 0
421.805 206 1 205 0 -69.987 0
-222.567 353 0 118.737 0
222.516 451 1 329 0 118.89 0
-222.314 187 0 -70.139 0
222.213 467 1 337 0 48.621 0
181.251 196 0 0.13 0
-181.251 483 1 345 0 -49.262 0
180.93 205 0 98.013 0
-180.769 499 1 353 0 -117.127 0
102.666 165 0 133.422 0
-102.13
 -6.214 0 -102.13
6.214 0 180.93
-9.831 0 -180.769
9.831 0 222.213
-7.197 0 -222.314
7.197 0 422.316
-6.219 0 -422.332
6.219 0 551.709
4.732 0 -181.251
-4.732 0 102.666
4.732 0 -222.567
-4.732 0 181.251
6.71 0 -421.878
-6.71 0 222.516
-5.363 0 -846.868
5.363 0 1072.62
1.635 0 -1147.632
-1.635 0 1072.647
7.154 0 -841.739
-7.154 0 551.212
-7.579 0 -552.1
7.579 0 843.104
-1.441 0 -1072.924
1.441 0 1147.572
4.867 0 -1072.352
-4.867 0 845.628
10.339 0 -550.732
-10.339 0 421.805
 G2 max moments
Beam L/C Node Axial ForceShear-Y kN Shear-Z kNTorsion kN Moment-Y
470 1 197 0 4.351 0 1.744 0
189 1 339 0 -44.485 0 3.397 0
198 1 347 0 44.521 0 -1.654 0
454 1 188 0 -104.484 0 6.095 0
486 1 206 0 93.052 0 -3.441 0
160 1 331 0 -154.748 0 5.751 0
207 1 355 0 153.096 0 -6.211 0
502 1 166 0 171.397 0 -5.678 0
34 1 93 0 -171.038 0 5.751 0
31 1 84 0 -199.53 0 5.756 0
181 1 159 0 199.891 0 -5.678 0
29 1 57 0 -206.226 0 5.753 0
174 1 145 0 206.582 0 -5.683 0
29 1 39 0 218.273 0 -5.753 0
167 1 137 0 218.629 0 -5.68 0
167 1 145 0 -206.582 0 5.68 0
31 1 57 0 206.226 0 -5.756 0
174 1 159 0 -199.891 0 5.683 0
34 1 84 0 199.53 0 -5.751 0
160 1 93 0 171.038 0 -5.751 0
181 1 166 0 -171.397 0 5.678 0
454 1 331 0 153.241 0 -6.095 0
502 1 355 0 -155.103 0 5.678 0
189 1 188 0 93.229 0 -3.397 0
207 1 206 0 -104.345 0 6.211 0
486 1 347 0 -44.303 0 3.441 0
470 1 339 0 44.393 0 -1.744 0
198 1 197 0 4.235 0 1.654 0
 Reaction
Moment-Z kN-m Beam L/C Node Axial ForceShear-Y kN Shear-Z kN
1199.81 167 1 137 0 218.629 0
1138.468 29 1 39 0 218.273 0
1137.769 174 1 145 0 206.582 0
928.869 31 1 57 0 206.226 0
926.601 181 1 159 0 199.891 0
533.499 34 1 84 0 199.53 0
532.659 502 1 166 0 171.397 0
366.119 160 1 93 0 171.038 0
365.914 454 1 331 0 153.241 0
115.799 207 1 355 0 153.096 0
115.499 189 1 188 0 93.229 0
65.06 486 1 206 0 93.052 0
64.709 198 1 347 0 44.521 0
30.452 470 1 339 0 44.393 0
-30.962 470 1 197 0 4.351 0
-64.71 198 1 197 0 4.235 0
-65.06 486 1 347 0 -44.303 0
-115.498 189 1 339 0 -44.485 0
-115.8 207 1 206 0 -104.345 0
-365.914 454 1 188 0 -104.484 0
-366.119 160 1 331 0 -154.748 0
-532.062 502 1 355 0 -155.103 0
-534.119 34 1 93 0 -171.038 0
-926.492 181 1 166 0 -171.397 0
-928.976 31 1 84 0 -199.53 0
-1138.045 174 1 159 0 -199.891 0
-1138.175 29 1 57 0 -206.226 0
-1199.793 167 1 145 0 -206.582 0
Torsion kN Moment-Y Moment-Z kN-m
-5.68 0 -30.962
-5.753 0 30.452
-5.683 0 64.709
-5.756 0 -65.06
-5.678 0 115.499
-5.751 0 -115.8
-5.678 0 366.119
-5.751 0 -365.914
-6.095 0 -532.062
-6.211 0 532.659
-3.397 0 -926.492
-3.441 0 926.601
-1.654 0 1137.769
-1.744 0 -1138.175
1.744 0 1199.81
1.654 0 -1199.793
3.441 0 -1138.045
3.397 0 1138.468
6.211 0 -928.976
6.095 0 928.869
5.751 0 533.499
5.678 0 -534.119
5.751 0 365.914
5.678 0 -366.119
5.756 0 115.799
5.683 0 -115.498
5.753 0 65.06
5.68 0 -64.71
 max moments - G4
Beam L/C Node Axial ForceShear-Y kN Shear-Z kNTorsion kN Moment-Y
474 1 199 0 -6.958 0 0.012 0
200 1 199 0 -6.896 0 0.017 0
490 1 349 0 -55.816 0 0.024 0
191 1 341 0 -55.882 0 0.02 0
200 1 349 0 55.646 0 -0.017 0
474 1 341 0 55.709 0 -0.012 0
209 1 208 0 -107.216 0 0.045 0
458 1 190 0 -107.144 0 0.046 0
490 1 208 0 104.566 0 -0.024 0
191 1 190 0 104.633 0 -0.02 0
506 1 357 0 -154.67 0 0.039 0
209 1 357 0 155.965 0 -0.045 0
162 1 333 0 -154.589 0 0.045 0
458 1 333 0 155.894 0 -0.046 0
506 1 168 0 170.963 0 -0.039 0
183 1 168 0 -170.963 0 0.039 0
162 1 95 0 170.879 0 -0.045 0
62 1 95 0 -170.879 0 0.045 0
62 1 86 0 199.373 0 -0.045 0
59 1 86 0 -199.373 0 0.045 0
183 1 161 0 199.457 0 -0.039 0
176 1 161 0 -199.457 0 0.039 0
57 1 59 0 -206.066 0 0.045 0
59 1 59 0 206.066 0 -0.045 0
176 1 147 0 206.15 0 -0.039 0
169 1 147 0 -206.15 0 0.039 0
169 1 139 0 218.197 0 -0.039 0
57 1 41 0 218.113 0 -0.045 0
 Reactions
Moment-Z kN-m Beam L/C Node Axial ForceShear-Y kN Shear-Z kN
1277.443 169 1 139 0 218.197 0
-1277.441 57 1 41 0 218.113 0
-1181.735 176 1 147 0 206.15 0
1181.543 59 1 59 0 206.066 0
1181.164 183 1 161 0 199.457 0
-1180.97 62 1 86 0 199.373 0
-935.824 506 1 168 0 170.963 0
935.42 162 1 95 0 170.879 0
934.835 209 1 357 0 155.965 0
-934.439 458 1 333 0 155.894 0
-530.875 191 1 190 0 104.633 0
530.684 490 1 208 0 104.566 0
530.678 474 1 341 0 55.709 0
-530.487 200 1 349 0 55.646 0
363.337 200 1 199 0 -6.896 0
-363.337 474 1 199 0 -6.958 0
-363.257 490 1 349 0 -55.816 0
363.257 191 1 341 0 -55.882 0
-113.337 458 1 190 0 -107.144 0
113.337 209 1 208 0 -107.216 0
113.303 162 1 333 0 -154.589 0
-113.303 506 1 357 0 -154.67 0
62.658 62 1 95 0 -170.879 0
-62.658 183 1 168 0 -170.963 0
62.602 59 1 86 0 -199.373 0
-62.602 176 1 161 0 -199.457 0
-32.876 57 1 59 0 -206.066 0
32.783 169 1 147 0 -206.15 0
Torsion kN Moment-Y Moment-Z kN-m
-0.039 0 -32.876
-0.045 0 32.783
-0.039 0 62.602
-0.045 0 -62.658
-0.039 0 113.303
-0.045 0 -113.337
-0.039 0 363.337
-0.045 0 -363.257
-0.045 0 530.684
-0.046 0 -530.487
-0.02 0 -934.439
-0.024 0 934.835
-0.012 0 -1180.97
-0.017 0 1181.164
0.017 0 -1277.441
0.012 0 1277.443
0.024 0 -1181.735
0.02 0 1181.543
0.046 0 935.42
0.045 0 -935.824
0.045 0 530.678
0.039 0 -530.875
0.045 0 363.257
0.039 0 -363.337
0.045 0 113.337
0.039 0 -113.303
0.045 0 62.658
0.039 0 -62.602