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المساحة الارضية pdf3 PDF
المساحة الارضية pdf3 PDF
المساحة الارضية pdf3 PDF
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ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﺮق ﻓﺮق اﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ
ﻓﺮق ﻓﺮق اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺎت O \ \\ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ
درﺟﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ
اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺎت
٠٫٠١٨ - ٠٫٠٠٤ - ٣٤٫٩٢٨ ٣٤٫٩٢٨ - ٣١٥ ٠٠ ٠٠ ٤٩٫٣٩٥ AB
٠٫٠١٠ - ٠٫٠٠٥ - ١٩٫٦٠٩ - ٣٦٫١٠٣ - ٢٤١ ٢٩ ٣٠ ٤١٫٠٨٥ BC
٠٫٠٠٣ - ٠٫٠٠٢ - ٦٫٣٥٦ - ١١٫٨٥٣ ١١٨ ١٢ ١٠ ١٣٫٤٥٠ CD
٠٫٠٠٢ - ٠٫٠٠٢ - ٤٫١٣٤ ١٧٫٠٩٥ ٧٦ ٢٤ ٢٠ ١٧٫٥٨٨ DE
٠٫٠٢٠ - ٠٫٠٠٣ - ٣٨٫٩٨١ - ٢٤٫٥١٦ ١٤٧ ٥٠ ٠ ٤٦٫٠٥٠ EF
٠٫٠١٤ - ٠٫٠٠٢ - ٢٥٫٩٥١ ١٧٫٥٨٥ ٣٤ ٠٧ ٢٠ ٣١٫٣٤٨ FA
٠٫٠٦٧ - ٠٫٠١٨ - ٠٫٠٦٧ + ٠٫٠١٨ + ١٩٨٫٩١٦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع
-٤٢-
אא ٢٥١ א
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KEאאאFCאאZא
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ﻓﺮق اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎت ﻓﺮق اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺎت
أﻷﺣﺪاﺛﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ أﻷﺣﺪاﺛﻲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄـﺔ
اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺢ
١٠٠٫٠٠ ١٠٠٫٠٠ A ٣٤٫٩١٠ ٣٤٫٩٣٢ -
١٣٤٫٩١٠ ٦٥٫٠٦٨ B ١٩٫٦١٩ - ٣٦٫١٠٨ -
١١٥٫٢٩١ ٢٨٫٩٦٠ C ٦٫٣٥٩ - ١١٫٨٥١
١٠٨٫٩٣٢ ٤٠٫٨١١ D ٤٫١٣٢ ١٧٫٠٩٣
١١٣٫٠٦٤ ٥٧٫٩٠٤ E ٣٩٫٠٠١ - ٢٤٫٥١٣
٧٤٫٠٦٣ ٨٢٫٤١٧ F ٢٥٫٩٣٧ ١٧٫٥٨٣
١٠٠٫٠٠ ١٠٠٫٠٠ A ٠٠٫٠٠ ٠ ٠٫٠٠
אHאZאא
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KאאאאHאאZ( E)אא א
KאאאאHאאZ( N)אא א
-٤٣-
אא ٢٥١ א
אא ٣אא א
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻓﺮق اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻷهﺪاف اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ
اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ درﺟﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ درﺟﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺻﻮدة اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ
BS ٠٠ ٠٠ ٠٠ FA F
رآﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ٠٫٤٦ + ١٤٫٣١٤ ١٤٫٣٢ ٨٨ ٠٨ ٥٩ ٣٣٥ ١٥ ٢١ p1
١
== == ٠٫٦٤٤ + ٢٢٫٦٢٩ ٢٢٫٦٤ ٨٨ ٢٢ ١٥ ٣١٥ ٠٨ ٤٤ p3
== == ٠٫٩٨١ - ٣١٫٨٧٠ ٣١٫٨٨ ٩١ ٤٥ ٤٧ ٣٠٠ ٥٤ ٥٥ p5
٤
BS ٠٠ ٠٠ ٠٠ AB A
رآﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ٠٫٢٦١ + ١١٫٨٥ ١١٫٨٥ ٨٨ ٤٤ ١١ ٣١٠ ١٨ ٠٦ p2
٢
== == ٠٫٧٠٠ + ٢١٫٣١٠ ٢١٫٣٢ ٨٨ ٠٧ ٠٢ ٣٣١ ٤٧ ٥٢ p4
١
== == ٠٫٣٧٧ - ٢٨٫٣٤٢ ٢٨٫٣٤ ٩٠ ٤٥ ٤٢ ٣٤٤ ٥٠ ٤١ p6
٤
BS ٠٠ ٠٠ ٠٠ ED E
رآﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ٠٫١٣٤ - ٦٫٢١٨ ٦٫٢٢ ٩١ ١٤ ٠١ ١٩٠ ١٢ ٣٣ p7
== == ٠٫٢٢ - ١٣٫٤١٠ ١٣٫٤١ ٩٠ ٥٥ ٤٧ ١٨١ ٢٢ ٤٧ p8
٢
== == ٠٫٣٧٤ - ١٠٫٤٥٥ ١٠٫٤٦ ٩٢ ٠٢ ٤٧ ١٥٠ ٠١ ٣١ p9
٢
BS ٠٠ ٠٠ ٠٠ DC D
رآﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ٠٫٦٨ - ١٦٫٢٧ ١٦٫٢٨ ٩٢ ٢٣ ١١ ٧٥ ٤٦ ٥٥ p11
٤
رآﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ١٫٧٨ - ٢٧٫٢١٥ ٢٧٫٢٧ ٩٣ ٤٤ ٥٦ ١٧ ٢٥ ١٦ p12
٣
BS BA B
رآﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ٠٫٨٩٦+ ١٣٫٥١٠ ١٣٫٥٤ ٨٥ ١٢ ٢٣ ٦٣ ٣٠ ٢٨ p10
٠
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWאא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWאא KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKWא
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ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﻓﺮق اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻷهﺪاف اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ
(اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ) م اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ درﺟﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ درﺟﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺻﻮدة اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ
60 00 00 03 ﺧﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ S
58.9 -1.1 9.48 9.5 96 36 15 0 03 10 A1
58 -2 18.98 19.0 96 0 0 0 03 10 A2
57 -3 26.98 27 96 20 15 0 03 15 A3
59 -1 8.94 9 96 30 40 45 01 10 B1
58.06 -1.94 17.9 18 96 10 22 45 01 9 B2
56.8 -3.2 27.41 27.6 96 40 50 45 01 9 B3
58.96 -1.04 8.74 8.8 96 45 55 90 00 15 C1
58.07 -1.93 17.9 18 96 10 10 90 00 12 C2
57.2 2.8 26.4 26.5 96 00 00 90 00 15 C3
59.1 -0.9 9.16 9.2 95 36 15 135 01 00 D1
57.9 -2.1 18.9 19 96 20 22 135 01 07 D2
57.4 2.6 27.9 28 95 20 15 135 01 00 D3
58.7 -1.3 8.4 8.5 98 40 11 180 00 10 E1
57.4 -2.6 16.8 17 98 55 0 180 00 05 E2
56.1 -3.9 26.21 26.5 98 30 30 180 00 10 E3
58.48 -1.52 9.1 9.2 99 30 25 225 00 08 F1
56.97 -3.03 18.8 19 99 10 0 225 00 15 F2
55.46 -4.54 27.6 28 99 20 15 225 00 15 F3
58.16 -1.84 9.83 10 100 36 15 270 00 05 G1
56.36 -3.64 17.62 18 101 40 20 270 00 02 G2
54.4 -5.6 27.4 28 101 30 25 270 00 02 G3
58.9 -1.1 9.24 9.3 96 36 15 315 00 01 H1
58.08 -1.92 18.3 18.4 96 0 0 315 00 04 H2
56.97 -3.03 27.33 27.5 96 20 15 315 00 05 H3
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2
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π=PI= 3.1416 , L = 3.1416 * 49.63* 60.5º = 52.41 m= א
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= 2
1 cos M = R* , M = 49.63 * ( 1 – cos 30º 15′ ) = 6.76 m = אא
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PI = 26 + 58.94 m
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אא ٢٥١ א
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PT= 26 + 82.41 m
W E٢F
אא 43º 18′ 12″(PC- PI)אאאאא
אאא103º 36′ 34″(PI- PT)אא
K(610.64,546.09)PTאא(500 m ,513.22 m)אPC=13+20 m
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= ﻓﺮق اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎتΔx = (XPC -XPT) = 610.64-500 = 110.64 m
= ﻓﺮق اﻟﺼﺎداتΔy = (YPC-YPT) = 546.09-513.22= 32.87 m
-١١٢-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
X PI = X PC + T * sin AZ (PC-PI)
Y PI = Y PC + T *cos AZ (PC- PI)
X PI = 500.00 + 66.74 * sin 43º 18′ 12″ = 545.77 m
Y PI = 513.22 + 66.74 * cos 43º 18′ 12″ = 561.79 m
-١١٣-
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Kאאא١
Kאאאא٢
Kא٣
Kאאא٤
-١١٤-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
WEΔFאאאאW٣ J
،١אאאאE١٠ J٣F،א
אאאא٢
K= אא
Δ
E١٠ J٣F
–Δ ) = 180Fאאא
-١١٥-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
WאאW٤ J
ﻃﻮل اﻟﻮﺗﺮLC
M 0.5 LC
PC PT
R R
E١١ J٣F
אאZLC E١١ J٣Fא
אאאאאZ M
(8*M) ÷R= ( LC ) 2
-١١٦-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
אאאאאW٥ J
Wאאא
אאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאא
אEPIFאאאEאאFא
KERFאאאאאEΔFאא
WEאאFאאאאאא
(PC)אEX ,YFאאא
אאYאאXאאא
E١٢ J٣FKא
Yi = R- R2 - Xi2
(PC)אXאאאאא← Yi
PCאאאאא←X
א ←R
1 cos YT =M = R* =EYTF אא
2
2= R*sinDXT=LC =EXTFאאאא
2
-١١٧-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
PI Δ
XT
YT
PC
PT
E١٢ J٣F
W
אא٢٣٠א
אאאאאאאאWאK40º 48′א
٢٠Zאא
א=R= 230m JWאLא
אאאאZ Δ = 40 0 48 ، = 20 0 24
2
אאאא= X= 20 m
WEFאא J١
XT = R* sin = XT = 80 . 17 m
2
YT = R* 1 cos = YT = 14. 43 m
2
-١١٨-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
W(PC)אאEFאאאאא J٢
2 2
Yi = R - R - Xi
X1 = 20m , X2 = 40m, X3 = 60m X4 = 80m ,X5= 80.17 mW(Xi)
EאאFאאYiאא
WE٢ J٣F
Xi ( m) Yi = R - R2 - Xi2
20 0.87 m .
40 3.05m.
60 7.96m.
80 14.36m.
80.17 14.43m.
אאאאאאא
אאאאאאאא
Kאאאאאא
EFאELCFאאא
אE PCFאאאEFאE،Fא
E،FאאEFאאא
WאאאEFאאאא
٢E٢LF– J
٢ ٢
٢
– =
E RF אZ،אאאEFאאZ
EFאEFאאZ
ELCFאאZ
-١١٩-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
אאאאאאאאאא
אEFאEFאE RFאELCFא
אאאאאEFאאEPTF،EPCFא
KE١٣ J٣Fאא
ص
صن ن ق
سن
س PC
PT
ت
R R
E١٣ J٣F
W
אEPIF١٤٠א
אאאא٨٤אאא
Kאאאא٢٠א
Wא
Wאאא
K٢٠Z،٤٢Z Δ/2،٨٤ZΔ،١٤٠Z R
E٢LFZ٩٣{٦٨ZLC/2Z١٨٧{٣٦ZLCZ 2*R*sinZELCFאא J١
2
-١٢٠-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
٣٥{٩٦Z 1 cos M = R* Z،ZWEFאא J٢
2
WאאEPCFאא،אאאא J٣
٣٤{٥٢Z٢E٩٣{٦٨F–٢E١٤٠F J٢E٢٠F–٢E١٤٠FZ١٢٠Z١
٣٠{١٢Z٢E٩٣{٦٨F–٢E١٤٠F J٢E٤٠F–٢E١٤٠FZ٢٤٠Z٢
٢٢{٤٥Z٢E٩٣{٦٨F–٢E١٤٠F J٢E٦٠F–٢E١٤٠FZ٣٦٠Z٣
١٠{٨٥Z٢E٩٣{٦٨F–٢E١٤٠F J٢E٨٠F–٢E١٤٠FZ٤٨٠Z٤
٩٣{٦٨ZE٢LFELC/2F١٠٠Z٥
WE٣ J٣Fאא
א
٣٥{٩٦
٣٤{٥٢ ٢٠ ١
٣٠{١٢ ٤٠ ٢
٢٢{٤٥ ٦٠ ٣
١٠{٨٥ ٨٠ ٤
-١٢١-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
WאאאאאאW٦ J
אאאאאאאאא
אא
KE١٤ J٣Fאאאא
אאאאאאא
LCi
LC/2
Δ1
PC R PT
R
Δ1 Δ1
Δ
R
R
E١٤ J٣F
WE١،٢،Fא
אאא= Δ1אאא
L
א٢٠٠א
K٢٢٥٦{٥٩Zא˚٣٠אא
Wא
אאאאא
Wא
R=200 m , Δ=300, PI=2256.59 mWאאא J
Wא א J
W(PT)א(PC)אא J١
PC = PI – T
אZT = R* tan
2
T = 53.59m
PT = PC +L
E٢٠DF≥LCiא J٢
١٠Z٢٠D٢٠٠א
22 +10ZP.C
23+00ZP.T
-١٢٣-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
FPTאPCאאאא J٣
E٢٣٠٧{٧٢،٢٣٠٠،٢٢٩٠،٢٢٨٠،٢٢٧٠،٢٢٦٠،٢٢٥٠،٢٢٤٠،٢٢٣٠،٢٢٢٠،٢٢١٠،٢٢٠٣
٧ =٢٢٠٣ J٢٢١٠Zאאא J٤
٧{٧٢ =٢٣٠٠ J٢٣٠٧{٧٢Zאאא J٥
LCiDE PT- PC) ==אאא J٦
٩=١٠DE٢٢١٠ J٢٣٠٠F=
Wאאאא J٧
אאאאא =Δ1= (90 O
* LCi) ÷ ( π *R)
Δ1= (90O*7)÷(3.1416*200)=1.00267O=1ْ 00 َ 10ً
אאאאאZΔi= (90 O
* LCi) ÷ ( π *R)
Δi= (90 *10)÷(3.1416*200)=1.4324O=1ْ 25 َ 57ً
O
אאאאאZΔ2= (90 O
* LCi) ÷ ( π *R)
Δ2= (90O*7.72)÷(3.1416*200)=1.1058O=1ْ 06 َ 21ً
אאאCHאאאאאאאא -٨
٢/ΔאאאאאאHאא
١٥Z٢L٣٠Z٢/Δא
15ْ 00 َ 04ً =(1ْ 06 َ 21ً +( 1ْ 25 َ 57ً ×9) + 1ْ 00 َ 10ً FZאאא
אאאא٤Zא
Wאא
-١٢٤-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
WE٤ J٣Fאא
אאאאאאאאאאא
אPIאאאאאא
Kאאאאא
-١٢٥-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
WEPCFאאאאא
PI Δ
Δ1
Δi
PC PT
Δ2
E١٥ J٣F
א א א א א אא
אאE١٧ J٣F،E١٦ J٣Fא
-١٢٦-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
אאאאאא
א אא א א א
אא א א א א א א
א א אא ، א
א א א א אא א א אא
אאאא،E Symmetrical Parabola Vertical CurveF
אא
Wאאא
Eg1,g2Fאא J١
אא J٢
g1 g2
ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ א א J٣
א א J٤
E١٦ J٣FEFאא J٥
א J٦
E١٧ J٣F
אאא J
Kאאאאאא
-١٢٧-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
Kאאאא
+g1% -g2%
E١٨ J٣F
Kאאאאא
-g1% +g2%
E١٩ J٣F
-١٢٨-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
+g1% - g2%
-g1%
+g1%
E٢٠ J٣F
WאאEg1,g2Fאאאא
A= g1% - g2%
אE JFאEHFAא
W
g1=8%،g2=6% J١Wאאא
g1=2%، g2=6% J٢
g1=-8%، g2=-4% J٣
Wא
אא A=g1%-g2%=8%-6%= + 2% J١
אאA=g1%-g2%=2%-6%= - 4% J٢
אאA=g1%-g2%=-8%-(-4)%= - 4% J٣
-١٢٩-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
-١٣٠-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
Wאאא J
אאאאא
،אאא(VPC,VPI,VPT)א
JWאאאאEg1,g2Fא
אאאאאא J١
WאאאאVPCא
100)÷Elev. VPI = Elev VPC + ( g1 * (L/2)
100)÷Elev. VPT = Elev VPI + ( g2 * (L/2)
Wאא J٢
ElevEi) = Elev VPC + ( g1 * (xi) D100)
אאiZElevEi)
VPC i אZXi W
Wאא
ElevEj) = Elev VPT + ( g2 * (xj) D100)
אאjZElevEj)
VPT j אZXj W
אאELFאאאא J٣
אאאא(VPC)א
EאFstat VPI = stat VPC + L/2
EאF stat VPT = stat VPC + L
-١٣١-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
K(A)אאאאא J٤
A = g2% – g1%
VPIאאא(∆e) J٥
∆e = (A* L) D8
K(r)אא J٦
r = ADL
ErFאEg2% – g1%FאA
WEVPCFאאא J٧
r÷X= - g1
Wאאאאא(∆y)א J٨
∆y = r * (xi)2D2
VPTVPCi אZxi
Wאא J٩
אF y =אא+∆y
-١٣٢-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
W
-5.1%אא+3.4%אא
א18+32 א20.245 mZ(VPC)אא
אאאK4.675 m( VPI)אאא
KאE100 mZאאFאא
Wא
Wאאאאא J١
אאא=A = g2% – g1% = - 5.1% – 3.4%= - 8.5% = 0.085
E∆eFאאאא J٢
אאאאאZ ∆e = (A * L ) D 8
-١٣٣-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
אאאאאא
∆y = r * (xi)2D2
E∆y)אאא
EאאF y =אא+∆y : א
-١٣٤-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
WE٥ J٣Fאא
Wאא
אאאאאאא
Yp= a + b*Xp + c*Xp ²
אpא Yp : ﺣﻴﺚ
KpאVPCאאאXp
-١٣٥-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
WE٢F
Wאאאאאאא
Lא
אאr/2 אאא
Wאא
Xp=68 m , (19+00)אא J١
Xp=168 m , (20+00)אא J٢
Xp=220 m , (20+52)VPIאא J٣
Xp=268 m , (21+00)אאא J٤
Xp=368 m , (22+00)אא J٥
Xp=440 m , (22+72)אא J٦
WE٣F
אא J2.3% אא260 m
K12+00א12.345 mZEVPCFאא+4.8%
אאא(50 m)אאא
Kא11.5 mאאא
Wא
אאאZA = g2% – g1% = 4.8% + 2.3 %= 7.1%= 0.071
אאא∆e = (A * L ) D 8 = 2.307 m
Wאא
(VPIFא stat VPI = 12 + 00 + (130) = 13 + 30
EVPTFא stat PVT = 12 + 00 + (260) = 14 + 60
א Elev VPI = 12.345 +(-2.3* 130/100) = 9.355 m
EVPTFא ElevE VPT F= 9.355 +( 4.8*130/100) = 15.595 m
WE٦ J٣Fאא
-١٣٧-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
WאW٣ J٣
KאאאWאא א J١
אאאאWאא א J٢
אאאאWאאא J٣
Kאא
Wאא
Kאאאאאאא J١
Kאאאאאאא J٢
Kאא J٣
Kאאאא J٤
Kאאאאא J٥
-١٣٨-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
אאאWאאאW١
Wאאאא
E٢F J١
J٢
אא J٣
א J٤
Wאא
אא K١
Kאאא
א(PI)א K٢
E٢٢ J٣FPI
PIאאE∆Fאאא K٣
אאאאאא
אאאאאאא
– ˚١٨٠Z˚∆אאאאאא
PI
ه
أ ب
اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﻤﺤﻮر
E٢٢ J٣F
( R )א K٤
-١٣٩-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
T = R*tan א( PC - PT )א K٥
2
א (PC)אאאPIאאא
PTאאאא T א
KE٢٣ J٣Fא
WאאXT , YTEFא K٦
XT =LC D2= R*sin
2
YT =M = R* 1 cos
2
אאPCא(PI-PC)א XTא
KאEF(YT)א
אא(Xi)K٧
Wאאא(YI)א
E٢ J٣FאאאאYI = R- R 2
X
2
I
P.I E٢٣ J٣F
XT
X2
YT
Y2 X5
Y5
X1 Y1
22 ق Y4 X4
55
11
44
P.C P.T
اﻟﻤﻤﺎس اﻟﻤﻤﺎس
-١٤٠-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
-١٤١-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
אאאאWאאא
Wאאאא
E٢F J١
J٢
אא J٣
א J٤
Wאא
אא K١
Kאאא
א(PI)א K٢
PI
KE∆Fאאא K٣
( R )א K٤
T = R*tan א( PC - PT )א K٥
2
(PC)אאאPIאאא
PTאאאא T אא
Kא
ELCFאאEFאא K٦
אELC/2Fאא LC=2*R*sinא
2
EFאאא(PC)אאא
E٠،٠FאאאEFא
אEFאEPCFאEFEFא
E٢٤ J٣Fא
-١٤٢-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
PI
T ص
T
١ ق ٥
٣ ٢ ٦ ٧
٤
٨
PC
PT
س
٤ ٣ ٢ ١ ت
E٢٤ J٣F
،ZFEFאEFא K٧
EPC-PTFאאאEZMZ 1 cos R*
2
EFאEFאאEF
Kא
אאאEFא K٨
אELC/2Fאא
WאאEF
٢E٢LF–٢ J ٢ – ٢ =
E RF אZ،אאאEFאאZ
EFאEFאאZ
ELCFאאZ
KWE٣ J٣Fאאאאא
אאאאא K٩
EFאאאאאא
-١٤٣-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
PT،PCאEFאEFאאא
אאEFאEFא
EPC-Fאאאאאא
אEPCFאEFאאEF
EFאE٤،٣،٢،١FאE ٤،٣،٢،١F
אE٤،٣،٢،١Fא
E٤،٣،٢،١FאE٤،٣،٢،١FאE٤،٣،٢،١F
،אאאאאא
אאאאEPTFאEFא
،אאE٨،٧،٦،٥Fאא
אאאE٨،٧،٦،٥،٤،٣،٢،١Fאא
KאאאאEPT،٨،٧،٦،٥،،١،٢،٣،٤،PCF
-١٤٤-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
אאאWאאא
אאא
Wאאא
א J١
J٢
א J٣
J٤
J٥
Wאא
א K١
Kאאאא
א(PI)א K٢
KPI
KE∆Fאאא K٣
K( R )א K٤
T = R*tan א( PC - PT )א K٥
2
(PC)אאאPIאאא
PTאאאא T אא
Kא
WE٤ J٣Fאאאאאא K٦
E٢٥ J٣Fאאאאא K٧
Wאאא
-١٤٥-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
P.I
Δ/2 Δ
Δ1+ 4*Δi
Δ1+ 3*Δi
T
T
Δ1+ 2*Δi
Δ1+ Δi
22 33
Δ1 11 44
55
P.C P.T
اﻟﻤﻤﺎس اﻟﻤﻤﺎس
E٢٥ J٣F
אאאאאאEPCFאאא
KאאאאPIא
E11FאאאאΔ1אאאא
אאאאאאא
אאאאא
KאE11Fא
אאE11FאאאאאK
אאאאאאEΔ1HΔiF
KאE22Fא
אאE22Fאאאאא
אאאאאEΔ1H2*ΔiF
KאE33Fאא
Kאאאאאא
-١٤٦-
אא ٢٥١ א
א ٣אא א
Wאאא
؟אאא J
؟אאא J
Wאאא
؟אאאא J
אאאאאאא J
Wא
˚٦٠´٣٢˝١٤= ∆אאאא
٨٠{٥٣=ERFא
10 + 85 m=PCWEאאFא
Wאאא
אEYFאאאEאאאFאא
٦٣{٥،٦٠،٥٠،٤٠،٣٠،٢٠،١٠،،EXFאאאאא
؟١٨١{٢١ZERFאא
Wאאאא
؟אאאא J
٪١{٩ -אא٪٢{٣Hאא٦٥٠ J
א١٥{٣٢١ZEPVCFאאא
؟אE١٠٠Fאאא18H20
٪٢{١Hאא٪٣ Jאאאא٣٢٠ J
אאE٥٠FאWא
K42+35 א٥٠{٣٤٢ZE PVTFא
-١٤٧-
٢٥١ א
אא
٣אא א
אא
Wאאא
K٢٠٠٢،?א?،א،، J١
K١٩٩٩،??،،א،א،، א J٢
K٢٠٠٢،?אאאא?،،، J٣
Kאאאאאאא J٤
Wאאא
1- BARRY F.KAVANAGH,S.J.GLENN BIRD "SURVEYING PRINCIPLES AND
APPLICATIONS", ,4th Edition, 1996.
2- BARRY F.KAVANAGH,"SURVEYING WITH CONSTRUCTION
APPLICATIONS", 3rd Edition, 1997 .
3- IRVINE W.," SURVEYING FOR CONSTRUCTION", 4th Edition, 1995 .
٢٥١ א
א
٣אא א
א
١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאWאא
٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאW١ J١
٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאאW٢ J١
٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאW٣ J١
٧ KKKKKKKKKKKאאאאאאאאW١ J٣ J١
٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאאאאאW٢ J٣ J١
١٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאW٤ J١
١٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאW١ J٤ J١
١١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאW٢ J٤ J١
١٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאW٣ J٤ J١
١٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאW٤ J٤ J١
٢٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאW٥ J١
٣٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאKאW٦ J١
אא א J١
٣٥ KKKKKKKאאאא
٤٦ KKKKKKKKKKKאאאא J٢
٦٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
٦٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאWאא
٦٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKW١ J٢
٦٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאאW٢ J٢
٦٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאאW٣ J٢
٧٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאW٤ J٢
٧٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאW٥ J٢
٧٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKאאאאW١ J٥ J٢
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