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 G.PUL
LAI
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NEERI
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TECHNOL
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(Au
ton
omo
us)
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cre
dit
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Gu
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ado
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eDe
par
tme
nt
Mr
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.S.PREM KUMARM.Tech,Ph.D.,
As
si
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Da
te:
 ACKNOWL
EDGEMENT

It
akei
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B.HEMA
(1
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ABSTRACT
Pr
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L
ISTOFFI
GURES

S. Na
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1 8.2.1Da
taOb
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rame
ter
s 1
0

2 8.2.2Fu
nct
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nalEl
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rame
ter 1
0

3 9.1
.1FEa
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io
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cl
e 1
3

4 9.2.1(a
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5
u
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r
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0.1.T
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r 1
6

i
i
 T
ABL
EOFCONT
ENT
S
ABST
RACT i

L
ISTOFFI
GURES i
i

1
.INT
RODUCT
ION 1

2. HI
STORY 2

3.OBJ
ECT
IVES 3

3.1MAJ
ORDAROCOBJ
ECT
IVES 3

3.2DAROCAtAGl
anc
e 3

3.3Go
also
fDAROC 3

4.BL
ACKBOARDWASCHOSENAST
HEST
YLEOFCHOI
CE 4

5.I
MPL
EMENT
ATI
ONOBJ
ECT
IVESOFDAROC 5

6.DAROCASAMI
DDL
EWARESOL
UTI
ON 6

7.DAROC:EXT
ERNALARCHI
TECT
UREDET
AIL
S 8

7.1
.Da
taOb
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ts: 8

7.2.Fu
nct
io
nalEl
eme
nts
: 8

7.3.Co
nst
rai
nt
s: 8

8.DAROCDI
STRI
BUT
IONOBJ
ECTSPACE 9

8.1Si
ngl
eWr
it
erRu
le(SWR): 9

8.2I
nit
ia
li
zat
io
nth
eda
tao
bje
ct: 1
0

8.3.DAROC’sEr
rorMa
nag
er: 1
1

8.4.Ga
rba
geCo
ll
ec
ti
onwi
th
inDAROC: 1
1

8.5.Er
rorMa
nag
er 1
1

8.6.DONAR 1
1

8.7.FEBAR 1
2

i
i
i
 8.8.DOPa
cka
gin
gint
heFEBARMa
nag
er: 1
2

8.9.Pa
rsi
nga
ndDa
taOb
jec
tWr
app
ing
: 1
2

8.1
0.Re
tr
ie
valo
faDa
taOb
jec
tSt
epb
ySt
ep: 1
3

9.FEACT
IVAT
IONCYCL
E 1
4

9.1
.Di
st
ri
but
edo
bje
ctt
ran
sfe
r: 1
5

1
0.HOW AREDO’SANDFE’SL
INKEDT
OGET
HER 1
7

1
1.PERFORMANCEANDBOT
TLENECKS 1
8

1
2.CONCL
USI
ON 1
9

1
3.REFERENCES 20

i
v
1
.INTRODUCTI
ON
Di
st
ri
but
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it
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ma
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Mi
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e
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omp
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it
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l
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soc
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ths
ucha
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oac
hes
.
De
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tss
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i
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io
ntot
he
f
unc
ti
ona
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gor
it
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det
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it
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g.Fo
rex
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res
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n
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edu
rec
al
l(RPC) me
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hed
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en
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loc
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ll
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s
ync
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ati
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omp
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io
n.I
f,i
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nic
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oac
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ase
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omp
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endi
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ece
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d
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ssa
ge.Al
loft
hi
swo
rki
sina
ddi
ti
ont
oth
ere
qui
re
dimp
leme
nta
ti
on
o
fth
efu
nct
io
nth
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ogr
amo
rmo
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eisi
nt
end
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ope
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rm.
T
hec
onc
ept
sbe
hin
dDAROCa
ros
efr
omt
heg
oalo
fel
i
min
ati
ngt
heb
urd
eno
f
c
ommu
nic
ati
onsa
nds
che
dul
i
ngf
rom t
hea
ppl
i
cat
io
npr
ogr
amme
r wh
il
e ma
int
ai
ni
ng
p
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orma
ncea
nds
cal
abi
l
it
yoft
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yst
em. By g
ivi
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rog
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c
ommu
nic
ati
ngt
hro
ughs
har
edo
bje
cts
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nt
er
act
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etwe
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aci
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at
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uct
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ss
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li
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ta
o
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ic
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ons
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ai
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t
e
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al
abi
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it
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gni
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can
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hea
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oma
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e.

DEPT
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Pag
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Hi
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oph
one
.HEARSAY-I
I,i
npa
rti
cul
ar
,wa
sab
let
oan
swe
rqu
eri
esa
bou
tco
mpu
ter
s
ci
enc
eab
str
act
sst
ore
dinad
ata
bas
e.HEARSAY-I
Iisi
mpo
rta
ntb
eca
usei
tisn
ote
das
b
ein
gth
efi
rs
ttr
ueb
lac
kbo
ards
yst
em.
T
heHASP p
roj
ec
tisa
not
here
xamp
leo
fab
lac
kbo
ards
yst
em wh
icha
dde
dev
en
mo
rec
red
ibi
l
it
yth
att
heb
lac
kbo
ardwa
sag
ene
ralp
rob
lem-s
ol
vi
ngme
tho
dan
dar
obu
st
o
ne.Sh
ort
l
yth
ere
aft
er
,ma
nya
ppl
i
cat
io
nsp
rog
ramswe
red
eve
lop
edi
nwh
icht
hes
ol
ut
io
n
s
pac
ewa
smo
del
eda
rou
ndt
heb
lac
kbo
ardmo
del
. Si
ncea
ppl
i
cat
io
nsp
rob
lemsv
ari
ed
g
rea
tl
yal
ongwi
tht
hei
nt
er
pre
tat
io
noft
heb
lac
kbo
ardmo
del
,th
eov
era
lld
esi
gno
fea
ch
a
ppl
i
cat
io
ndi
ff
ere
dwi
del
y.
T
heb
ack
boa
rdmo
delo
fpr
obl
ems
ol
vi
ngh
asn
otu
nde
rgo
nea
nys
ubs
tan
ti
al
c
han
gesi
nth
ela
stt
hre
ede
cad
es.T
het
er
m “b
lac
kbo
ard
”ap
pea
redi
nth
eAr
ti
fi
ci
al
I
nte
ll
ig
enc
eli
te
rat
urei
n1962wh
enNe
wel
lwa
sco
nce
rne
dwi
tht
hep
rob
lemso
fpr
ogr
ams
o
rga
niz
eda
lon
gag
ene
rat
e-a
nd-t
ests
ear
chmo
del
.Su
chp
rog
ramswe
rer
est
ri
ct
edi
nth
eir
d
ataa
cce
ssa
ndh
adi
nf
le
xib
lec
ont
rolp
ose
dbyt
rad
it
io
nalp
rog
rams
tr
uct
ure
s.Ne
wel
l
r
eal
i
zedt
hatma
int
ai
ni
ngt
hei
sol
at
io
nofs
pec
if
icr
out
in
es,b
uta
ll
owi
nga
llt
hes
ubr
out
in
es
t
oma
keu
seo
fac
ommo
nda
tas
tr
uct
ure
,co
ulda
ll
ev
iat
eth
edi
ff
ic
ul
ti
es
.Ne
wel
lus
edt
he
b
lac
kbo
ardme
tap
hort
ode
scr
ib
esu
chas
yst
ema
sfo
ll
ows
.
Wec
ant
hi
nko
fas
eto
fwo
rke
rs,a
lll
ook
inga
tth
esa
meb
lac
kbo
ard
:ea
chi
s
a
blet
ore
ade
ver
yt
hi
ngt
hati
soni
t,a
ndt
oju
dgewh
enh
eha
sso
met
hi
ngwo
rth
whi
l
eto
a
ddt
oit
.

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e2
3.OBJ
ECTI
VES
T
hes
hor
t-t
er
mgo
alo
fDAROCi
stop
rov
ideap
rog
rammi
nge
nvi
ro
nme
ntt
hat
wi
l
lal
l
owb
othu
nde
rgr
adu
ate a
nd g
rad
uat
est
ude
nts t
hea
bil
i
tyt
oga
in s
ome
e
xpo
sur
ean
dex
per
ie
ncei
npr
ogr
ammi
ngd
ist
ri
but
eda
ppl
i
cat
io
ns.
T
hel
ongt
er
mgo
ali
sa b
itmo
rea
mbi
ti
ous.T
heDAROCa
rch
it
ect
ure wi
l
l
a
ddr
essp
rob
lemss
ucha
sdi
st
ri
but
eds
imu
lat
io
nan
dba
tt
lema
nag
eme
nts
cen
ari
os.
3.1MAJ
ORDAROCOBJ
ECTI
VES
• El
i
min
ate me
ssa
ge-p
ass
ingc
odei
mpl
eme
nte
dbyt
hep
rog
ramme
r,c
ommu
nic
ati
on
a
chi
ev
edb
yth
ere
adi
nga
ndwr
it
in
gofo
bje
ctso
nth
ebl
ac
kbo
ard
.
•El
i
min
atec
ont
rolc
omp
one
nt,b
urd
eno
fsc
hed
uli
ngi
spl
ac
edo
nth
eOSn
oto
nth
e
a
ppl
i
cat
io
npr
ogr
am.
•Ac
ti
vat
efu
nct
io
nale
le
men
tsi
nDAROCp
eri
odi
cal
l
yorb
ase
dond
atac
han
geswh
en
p
erf
ormi
ngc
omp
uta
ti
ons
.
• Re
duc
eco
dec
omp
lex
it
yal
l
owi
nga
n “a
ver
age
” p
rog
ramme
rtor
api
dl
yde
vel
op
d
ist
ri
but
eda
ppl
i
cat
io
ns.
•Ca
pab
il
it
yfo
rfa
ultr
eco
ver
yvi
ada
tar
epl
i
cat
io
n
DAROCc
ons
is
tso
ftwop
ri
mar
yco
mpo
nen
ts;f
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nts(FE) a
rea
cti
ve
a
ndp
erf
ormc
omp
uta
ti
onsa
nda
nal
yz
eth
esy
ste
mst
at
e,a
ndt
heb
lac
kbo
ard
,wh
ichi
sth
e
s
tr
uct
uret
hath
old
sda
tao
bje
cts(DO) t
hatma
keu
pth
ebl
ac
kbo
ard
.Un
li
kef
unc
ti
ona
l
e
le
men
ts,d
atao
bje
ctsa
rep
ass
iv
ean
ddon
otp
erf
ormc
omp
uta
ti
ons
.
3.2DAROCAtAGl
anc
e
T
hed
esi
reo
fDAROCi
stoe
mpo
werp
rog
ramme
rst
obea
blet
owr
it
eco
mpo
nen
ts
o
fdi
st
ri
but
eds
yst
emswi
th
outb
ein
gad
ist
ri
but
eds
yst
emse
xpe
rt
.
3.3Go
also
fDAROC
 Re
duc
eso
ftwa
red
eve
lop
men
t
cos
ts,e
rro
r-p
ron
ene
ssa
ndi
nf
le
xib
il
it
yas
soc
iat
ed
wi
thd
ist
ri
but
eds
yst
emsa
ppl
i
cat
io
ns.
 Re
duc
eco
dec
omp
lex
it
ysot
hat
t
he“a
ver
age
”pr
ogr
amme
risa
blet
obu
il
d
d
ist
ri
but
eds
yst
ems
.
 Pr
ovi
deat
oolt
obe
tt
erp
rep
are
st
ude
ntsf
ort
hee
ver
-gr
owi
ngn
eedi
nth
ejo
b
ma
rke
tfo
rex
per
ie
nce
ddi
st
ri
but
eds
yst
emsp
rog
ramme
rs.

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e3
4.BL
ACKBOARDWASCHOSENASTHESTYL
EOF
CHOI
CE
T
heb
lac
kbo
ards
tyl
eha
sab
iga
dva
nta
gewh
eni
tco
mest
osi
mpl
i
cit
y.T
he
b
lac
kbo
ards
tyl
eco
nsi
st
sofo
nec
onn
ect
ort
hata
llc
omp
one
ntsu
se,wh
icho
fco
urs
eist
he
b
lac
kbo
ardi
ts
el
f. An
oth
erb
iga
dva
nta
gei
sev
ol
ve
abi
l
it
y,b
eca
usen
ewt
ype
sof
c
omp
one
ntsc
anb
eea
sil
ywr
it
te
n.T
heb
lac
kbo
ards
tyl
ena
tur
al
lyl
end
sit
sel
ftoi
ncr
eas
ed
c
onc
urr
enc
y.Mu
lt
ip
lec
omp
one
ntsc
anr
eada
ndwr
it
ebl
ac
kbo
ardd
ataa
ndp
erf
ormt
hei
r
a
ssi
gne
dco
mpu
tat
io
nsc
onc
urr
ent
l
yifp
oss
ibl
e.T
heDAROCa
rch
it
ect
ureh
asap
art
ia
l
i
nf
lu
enc
efr
omt
heo
bje
ctt
oor
ie
nte
dap
pro
ach
,int
hatDAROCd
atao
bje
ctsc
ons
is
tof
d
ataa
nda
sso
cia
tedo
per
ati
onst
hatt
hef
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
ntsc
ane
xpl
oi
tina
nob
jec
t-
o
ri
ent
edf
ash
ion
.A f
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
ntc
an’tc
ommu
nic
ati
ngd
ir
ect
l
y wi
tha
not
her
f
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
ntDAROCu
sesad
ata
-ac
ti
vat
io
nap
pro
acht
oac
ti
vat
efu
nct
io
nale
le
men
ts,
wh
ichc
aus
efu
nct
io
nale
le
men
tst
obei
mpl
i
cit
l
yac
ti
vat
ed,b
ase
donc
han
gest
oda
tao
bje
ct
s
tat
eso
rpe
ri
odi
cch
ang
es.
T
heDAROCa
rch
it
ect
urewa
spa
rti
al
lyi
nf
lu
enc
edb
yth
eob
jec
t-o
ri
ent
eda
ppr
oac
h,
i
nth
atDAROCd
atao
bje
ctsc
ons
is
tofd
ataa
nda
sso
cia
tedo
per
ati
onst
hatt
hef
unc
ti
ona
l
e
le
men
ts(FEs
) c
ane
xpl
oi
tina
nob
jec
tor
ie
nte
dfa
shi
on.Ho
wev
er,wi
thDAROC,
f
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
ntsd
ono
tkn
owa
nyt
hi
nga
bou
tth
eid
ent
it
ie
sofo
the
rfu
nct
io
nale
le
men
ts
a
ndd
ono
tha
vet
o.T
her
eisn
osu
cht
hi
nga
saf
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
ntc
ommu
nic
ati
ngd
ir
ect
l
y
wi
tha
not
herf
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nt.T
hei
mpl
i
citi
nvo
cat
io
nal
soh
asi
tsi
nf
lu
enc
einDAROC.
DAROCu
sesad
ata
-ac
ti
vat
io
nap
pro
acht
oac
ti
vat
efu
nct
io
nale
le
men
ts,wh
ichc
aus
e
f
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
ntst
obei
mpl
i
cit
l
yac
ti
vat
ed,b
ase
donc
han
gest
oda
tao
bje
cts
tat
eso
r
p
eri
odi
cch
ang
es. L
ikei
mpl
i
citi
nvo
cat
io
n, DAROC c
omp
one
ntsc
anb
eve
ry
h
ete
rog
ene
ousa
ndl
endt
hems
el
ve
stor
eus
abi
l
it
yinav
ari
et
yofc
ont
ext
s. Ho
wev
er,
DAROC,u
nli
keo
the
rpu
rei
mpl
i
citi
nvo
cat
io
nst
yl
es
,ha
skn
owl
edg
eofwh
atc
omp
one
nts
wi
l
lre
spo
ndt
oane
ven
t,wh
ichi
nDAROCr
efe
rst
oup
dat
est
oad
atao
bje
ct.DAROC
u
sess
ubs
cri
pt
io
nli
st
sth
ata
reu
sedt
oli
nkf
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
ntt
oda
tao
bje
cts
.
T
her
efo
re,wh
il
eDAROC i
spr
ima
ri
lyb
ase
dar
oun
dth
ebl
ac
kbo
ards
tyl
e,i
n
r
eal
i
ty,l
i
ket
hev
astma
jor
it
yofs
yst
emsb
uil
t
,iti
she
ter
oge
neo
usi
nna
tur
e,c
omb
ini
ng
s
omep
art
soft
heb
lac
kbo
ard
,imp
li
ci
tin
voc
ati
on,a
ndo
bje
ct-o
ri
ent
eds
tyl
esa
spa
rto
fit
s

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e4
a
rch
it
ect
ure
.

5.I
MPL
EMENTATI
ONOBJ
ECT
IVESOFDAROC
T
hef
ir
sto
bje
cti
vei
stoe
li
min
ateme
ssa
ge-p
ass
ingc
odet
hati
swr
it
te
nbyt
he
p
rog
ramme
r.I
nad
dit
io
n,c
ommu
nic
ati
oni
sac
hie
vedb
yth
ere
adi
nga
ndwr
it
in
gofo
bje
cts
o
nth
ebl
ac
kbo
ard
.Th
iso
bje
cti
vewa
sfi
rs
tac
hie
vedb
eca
useo
fth
eus
eoft
heu
nde
rl
yi
ng
b
lac
kbo
arda
rch
it
ect
ure
.Th
ese
con
dob
jec
ti
vei
sth
att
her
eisn
oco
ntr
olc
omp
one
nta
nd
t
heb
urd
eno
fsc
hed
uli
ngi
spl
ac
edo
nth
eop
era
ti
ngs
yst
emn
oto
nth
eap
pli
cat
io
npr
ogr
am.
DAROCi
sno
timp
leme
nte
dwi
thac
ont
rolc
omp
one
nt.I
tus
esad
ata
-dr
iv
ent
ech
niq
uet
o
s
che
dul
eth
eac
ti
vat
io
noff
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nts
.Th
eth
irdo
bje
cti
vei
sth
atDAROCu
ses
d
ata
-dr
iv
ena
cti
vat
io
nsa
sop
pos
edt
oane
ven
tdr
iv
ena
ppr
oac
h.I
nDAROC,t
hed
ata
-
a
cti
vat
io
nap
pro
achi
simp
leme
nte
dvi
aal
i
sto
fin
putc
ond
it
io
nal
sas
soc
iat
edwi
the
ach
d
atao
bje
cti
naf
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
ntss
ubs
cri
pt
io
nli
st
.Wh
enad
atao
bje
cti
sch
ang
ed,t
he
i
npu
tco
ndi
ti
ona
lfo
rth
atd
atao
bje
cti
sch
ang
edi
nth
esu
bsc
ri
pt
io
nli
st
.Th
efu
nct
io
nal
e
le
men
tco
nti
nuo
usl
ych
eck
sth
ein
putc
ond
it
io
nal
sofi
tss
ubs
cri
pt
io
nli
stu
nti
lal
lha
veb
een
u
pda
teds
inc
eth
ela
sta
cti
vat
io
n.T
hef
in
alo
bje
cti
veo
fDAROC i
stop
rov
idef
aul
t
r
eco
ver
yca
pab
il
it
yvi
ada
tar
epl
i
cat
io
n.T
heDAROCs
pac
eth
atma
kesu
pth
ebl
ac
kbo
ard
c
ont
ai
nsa
llt
hes
tat
ein
for
mat
io
noft
hes
yst
em.Nos
tat
ein
for
mat
io
nist
obes
tor
edi
n
t
hef
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nts
.

6.DAROCASAMI
DDL
EWARESOL
UTI
ON
DAROC e
xpo
sest
wo a
rch
it
ect
ura
lco
mpo
nen
tst
opr
ogr
amme
rs:f
unc
ti
ona
l
e
le
men
tsa
rea
cti
vea
ndp
erf
ormc
omp
uta
ti
onsa
nda
nal
yz
eth
esy
ste
mst
at
e,wh
il
eda
ta
o
bje
ctst
hatma
keu
pth
eco
mmu
nic
ati
onme
tho
dbe
twe
enFEsa
ndn
oti
ona
ll
yre
si
deo
nth
e
b
lac
kbo
ard
.Un
li
kef
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nts
,da
tao
bje
ctsa
rep
ass
iv
ean
ddon
otp
erf
orm
c
omp
uta
ti
ons
. DOs a
res
tr
ong
lyt
ype
dda
tao
bje
cts
,os
ten
sib
lyd
efi
ned wi
tha
n
a
rch
it
ect
urea
ndp
rog
rammi
ngl
ang
uag
e-i
nde
pen
den
tde
scr
ip
ti
on,b
utf
ort
hi
spr
oto
typ
e,
n
orma
lC++ o
bje
ctsa
reu
sed
.Th
epr
oto
typ
ere
qui
re
sth
atDOsa
rec
ont
ig
uou
sda
ta
s
tr
uct
ure
s(n
opo
int
er
s,f
ore
xamp
le) f
ors
imp
li
ci
ty
,be
cau
seo
fth
edi
ff
ic
ul
tl
yin
t
ran
sfe
rri
ngl
i
nke
dob
jec
tsb
etwe
end
if
fe
ren
tad
dre
sss
pac
es.Ev
ent
ual
l
y,wi
tht
hea
ddi
ti
on
o
fpa
cki
ngme
tho
ds,c
omp
lexn
onc
ont
ig
uou
sob
jec
tsc
anb
esu
ppo
rte
d.Fu
nct
io
nale
le
men
ts
a
ret
hea
cti
vee
nti
ti
esi
naDAROC s
yst
ema
ndc
omp
oset
hed
ist
ri
but
eda
ppl
i
cat
io
n

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e5
s
oft
war
e.T
hes
che
dul
i
ngo
fFEsi
sma
nag
edb
yth
emi
ddl
ewa
re,a
ndFEsa
ren
otd
esi
gne
d
t
obec
ont
in
uou
sl
yru
nni
ngp
rog
rams
,bu
tpr
ogr
amst
hata
rea
cti
vat
edwh
enn
eed
ed,a
t
wh
ichp
oin
t,t
heyp
erf
ormt
hei
rfu
nct
io
nan
dth
end
eac
ti
vat
eun
ti
lth
ene
xtt
imet
heya
re
n
eed
ed.T
her
eisn
oli
mitt
oth
esi
zea
ndc
omp
lex
it
yofa
nFE.FEsc
anb
eass
mal
lasa
s
imp
led
atat
ran
sfo
rma
ti
on,a
sla
rgea
sac
omp
il
er
,asc
omp
lexa
sat
arg
ett
rac
kin
g
c
orr
el
at
io
nfi
l
tero
rag
rap
hic
sen
gin
etod
raws
yst
ems
tat
usd
isp
lay
s.De
tai
l
sofFE
a
cti
vat
io
nar
epr
ovi
dedb
elo
w. FEsg
ett
hei
rna
meb
eca
uset
heya
rei
nt
end
edt
obe
f
unc
ti
ona
l(i
nth
ema
the
mat
ic
als
ens
e) p
rog
ramc
omp
one
nts
.Th
isme
anst
hatFEs
s
hou
ldc
omp
utet
hei
rre
sul
t
sba
sedo
nth
eiri
npu
ts(DOso
nth
ebl
ac
kbo
ard
)an
dpr
odu
ce
r
esu
lt
stob
est
ore
dinDOso
nth
ebl
ac
kbo
ard
.Wh
il
eiti
sno
ten
for
ced
,id
ealDOs
s
hou
ldn
ots
tor
est
at
ein
ter
nal
l
y,b
uts
hou
lds
tor
est
at
einDOso
nth
ebl
ac
kbo
ard
.Th
ese
g
uid
eli
nesp
rov
ides
omev
eryv
al
uab
lef
eat
ure
stoDAROCs
yst
ems
:
1
.Si
ncet
hes
yst
ems
tat
eiss
tor
edo
nth
ebl
ac
kbo
arda
ndFEsd
ono
tst
ore
i
nt
er
nals
tat
e,d
ebu
ggi
ngi
ssi
mpl
i
fi
ed.De
vel
ope
rsc
anmo
nit
ora
ndr
eco
rdt
hes
yst
em
s
tat
eun
obt
rus
iv
el
ybyr
et
ri
ev
ingDOso
fin
ter
estf
romt
heb
lac
kbo
ard
.Ina
ddi
ti
on,t
he
FEs
hou
ldr
et
urni
den
ti
calr
esu
lt
sea
cht
imei
tisa
cti
vat
edwi
thas
pec
if
ics
eto
fin
put
s.
T
her
ef
ore
,th
efu
nct
io
nalc
orr
ect
nes
soft
heFEc
anb
ede
bug
gedi
nde
pen
den
tl
yoft
he
r
unn
ings
yst
emu
sin
gte
stg
ene
rat
orst
ost
ubo
utt
her
esto
fth
esy
ste
m.
2. Fa
ultd
ete
cti
ona
ndr
eco
ver
yca
nal
sob
efa
cil
i
tat
edb
yta
kin
gpe
ri
odi
c
s
nap
sho
tso
fth
ebl
ac
kbo
ard
.Inn
on-r
eal
-ti
mes
imu
lat
io
ns,t
hes
esn
aps
hot
sca
nbeu
sed
t
ore
sta
rtas
yst
ema
fte
rno
def
ai
lu
res
.Ine
mbe
dde
dsy
ste
mse
xpe
ri
enc
ings
oft
war
efa
il
ur
es,
t
hes
esn
aps
hot
sca
nbeu
sedt
ore
pla
yth
est
at
eoft
hes
yst
emi
nth
ela
btoh
elp
ma
int
ai
ner
sdu
pli
cat
e,i
den
ti
fy
,is
ol
at
e,a
ndr
epa
irt
hef
aul
t
yco
de.
3.I
fth
eDAROCmi
ddl
ewa
ree
nfo
rce
sre
pli
cat
io
nofa
llDOso
nmo
ret
hano
ne
n
ode
,re
cov
eryf
roman
odef
ai
lu
rec
anb
epe
rfo
rme
dtr
ans
par
ent
l
y.T
heFEst
hatwe
reo
n
t
hef
ai
le
dno
dec
anb
ere
sta
rte
dona
not
hern
ode
,an
dus
ingt
hei
rmo
str
ece
nts
tat
ean
d
i
npu
tDOsf
romt
heb
lac
kbo
ardc
ana
chi
ev
eth
epr
ope
rre
sul
t
swi
th
outa
nyr
eco
ver
yco
de
wr
it
te
nbyt
heFEp
rog
ramme
r.

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e6
7.DAROC:EXTERNALARCHI
TECTUREDETAI
LS
7.1
.Da
taOb
jec
ts:
DAROCc
urr
ent
l
ysu
ppo
rtsd
atao
bje
ctsd
efi
neda
san
yst
and
ardANSI
/ISO
C++ d
atat
ypes
ucha
sin
teg
ers
,fl
oat
s,d
oub
les
,ch
ara
cte
rs,a
nda
rra
ys.Ho
wev
er,
t
hes
eda
tat
ype
smu
stb
ewr
app
edi
nat
ri
vi
ala
bst
rac
tda
tac
la
sst
obea
blet
obe
i
nt
egr
ate
din
toDAROC.T
he“b
uil
d”f
unc
ti
oni
spa
rto
fDAROCa
ndi
sus
edt
obu
il
d
a
ndi
ni
ti
al
iz
eth
eDAROCc
omp
one
ntsa
rou
ndt
hen
ewl
ycr
eat
edo
bje
ct.DAROCf
ul
ly
s
upp
ort
san
yab
str
actd
atat
ypet
heu
serc
rea
tes
.Da
tao
bje
cti
sst
ore
dco
nti
guo
usl
yin
me
mor
yth
ati
stos
ayt
hatc
omp
oun
dda
tao
bje
cts
,su
cha
sli
nkl
i
stso
fda
tao
bje
cts
,an
d
o
the
ran
yot
hert
ype
sofan
on-c
ont
ig
uou
sfa
shi
ona
rec
urr
ent
l
yno
tsu
ppo
rte
dbe
cau
se
p
oin
ter
sha
ven
ome
ani
ngi
nth
eme
mor
ysp
aceo
fdi
st
ri
but
edma
chi
nes
.
7.2.Fu
nct
io
nalEl
eme
nts
:
Fu
nct
io
nale
le
men
tsa
rea
lwa
ysc
rea
teda
sana
bst
rac
tda
tat
ype
.Int
hei
rsi
mpl
es
t
f
orm, t
heyc
ons
is
tofa “b
uil
d”f
unc
ti
ont
ocr
eat
ean
din
sta
nti
at
eth
eDAROC
c
omp
one
ntsa
rou
ndt
hef
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nta
ndt
heFEa
cti
vat
io
nFu
nct
io
n.T
her
ear
eno
d
atame
mbe
rsi
nth
isf
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nt.
7.3.Co
nst
rai
nt
s:
Ea
chf
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nta
ndd
atao
bje
ctc
ons
is
tso
fan
amea
nda
nIDf
ie
ld.T
he
n
amef
ie
ldi
san
yun
iqu
ege
ner
icn
amet
hatt
heu
serc
al
lst
heo
bje
ct.T
heI
D,wh
ichi
s
a
ls
oun
iqu
e,i
sde
fi
nedi
nt
er
nal
l
ywi
th
inDAROCa
ndc
anb
eus
edt
obe
tt
erd
esc
ri
bet
he
o
bje
ct.T
heI
Dfi
el
dco
nsi
st
soft
hre
epa
rts
.Ita
lwa
yss
tar
tswi
tha‘/
DO’o
ra‘/
FE’
t
odi
sc
ernb
etwe
enad
atao
bje
cta
ndaf
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nt.T
hen
extp
artt
hati
sap
pen
ded
i
sth
elo
calh
ostn
ame
,i.e
.ea
st.e
ce.u
ci.e
du. Fi
nal
l
y,t
her
eisa d
asha
nd
mo
not
oni
cal
l
yin
cre
asi
ngi
nt
ege
rap
pen
dedt
oth
ena
me.On
efi
nalc
ons
tr
ai
nto
fme
nti
on,
i
sth
ato
fth
eer
rorma
nag
er.Cu
rre
ntl
yth
erea
ree
igh
tee
nst
at
ic
al
lyd
efi
nede
rro
rme
ssa
ges
.
T
hee
rro
rma
nag
eri
nit
scu
rre
nts
tat
eca
nho
ldu
ptoo
neh
und
rede
rro
rme
ssa
ges
.Al
lof
t
hed
atao
bje
cta
ndf
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
ntn
amea
ndI
Dco
nst
rai
nt
sca
nbec
han
gedi
nth
e
b
bli
b.hf
il
e,a
ndt
hee
rro
rma
nag
erc
anb
eex
pan
dedi
nth
eer
ror
man
.hf
il
e.

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e7
8.DAROCDI
STRI
BUTI
ONOBJ
ECTSPACE
Wh
il
eDOsa
ppe
art
obel
oc
alo
bje
ctst
oth
eco
dei
nanFE,DOsa
reu
niq
uel
y
i
den
ti
fi
edb
yna
mei
nth
egl
oba
lsy
ste
msp
ace
.Int
hec
urr
entp
rot
ot
ype
, DOsa
re
r
efe
ren
cedu
sin
gas
ing
le
-le
velg
lob
aln
ami
ngs
che
me,b
utDAROC’sg
oali
stou
ti
li
zea
r
obu
sth
ier
arc
hic
alo
ne.T
heg
oali
stoc
omb
ineas
eto
fFEsa
lon
gwi
tht
heDOst
hey
a
dve
rt
is
ease
xte
rna
lin
ter
fac
esa
ndt
hei
nt
er
nalDOsu
sedt
ost
ores
tat
ean
dco
mmu
nic
ate
b
etwe
ent
heFEsa
samo
dul
arc
omp
one
ntt
hatc
anb
ere
use
dbe
twe
enp
roj
ec
tsa
nds
imp
ly
i
nse
rt
edi
nt
osy
ste
msa
sne
ede
d.T
heb
lac
kbo
ardd
oesn
otd
ist
in
gui
shb
etwe
enDOsu
sed
wi
th
inac
omp
one
ntg
rou
pan
dDO u
sedt
oco
mmu
nic
ateb
etwe
enc
omp
one
nts
.In
ste
ad,
t
hen
ami
ngs
che
mes
epa
rat
est
het
wo.Si
nceDOsa
rer
efe
ren
cedb
yna
mewh
ent
heya
re
c
rea
tedo
rop
ene
d,FEsf
romo
nec
omp
one
ntg
rou
pwi
l
lte
ndt
oon
lya
cce
ssDOst
hata
re
e
xpl
i
cit
l
yde
fi
neda
sex
ter
nali
nt
er
fac
esb
yot
herc
omp
one
nts
.Att
hi
smo
men
t,t
her
eis
n
oth
ingt
opr
eve
nta
nFEf
romo
pen
inga
n“i
nt
er
nal
” DO f
roma
not
herc
omp
one
nt,b
ut
i
nt
er
nali
nt
er
fac
esma
ych
ang
emo
ref
req
uen
tl
yan
dwi
thl
es
sdo
cume
nta
ti
ont
hane
xte
rna
l
o
nes
,sod
oin
gsoma
yin
vit
etr
oub
le.Sa
feg
uar
dst
opr
eve
ntu
nau
tho
ri
zeda
cce
sst
oob
jec
ts
ma
ybea
dde
dint
hef
ut
urei
fne
ede
d.
8.1Si
ngl
eWr
it
erRu
le(SWR):
T
hed
ist
ri
but
edo
bje
cts
pac
eofDAROCa
ll
owsDOst
ober
eadb
yan
ynu
mbe
rof
FEs
,bu
tea
chDOc
ano
nlyb
ewr
it
te
nbyas
ing
leFE.T
hisi
skn
owni
nDAROCa
sth
e
s
ing
le-wr
it
err
ul
e. By u
sin
gas
ing
le-wr
it
err
ul
easp
arto
fa p
rog
ramme
r’s
i
mpl
eme
nta
ti
ono
fth
edi
st
ri
but
eds
yst
em,wea
rea
blet
oea
sil
yel
i
min
ater
acec
ond
it
io
ns,
a
mbi
gui
typ
rob
lems
,an
dco
mpl
exl
oc
kin
gme
cha
nis
msf
oun
dino
the
rdi
st
ri
but
eds
ol
ut
io
ns
t
hata
ll
ows
har
ed-wr
it
eac
ces
stod
ata
.Wh
il
eth
esi
ngl
e-wr
it
eru
lei
ni
ti
al
lys
eemsl
i
kea
s
ign
if
ic
antr
est
ri
ct
io
ntoa
ppl
i
cat
io
npr
ogr
amme
rs, wef
oun
dth
atp
rog
ramme
rsq
uic
kly
a
dap
tbe
cau
seo
fth
esi
mpl
i
cit
yoft
her
ul
e.I
nad
dit
io
n,a
lmo
sta
nys
it
uat
io
nst
hat“n
eed
”
mu
lt
ip
lewr
it
er
stoas
ing
les
har
edo
bje
ctc
anu
seamo
der
ato
rob
jec
ttoa
cce
pti
npu
tsf
rom
t
hemu
lt
ip
lewr
it
erFEsa
ndt
henp
asst
hea
ppr
opr
ia
tev
al
ueo
ntot
hed
est
in
ati
onDO.
T
hisa
ppr
oac
hisv
erys
cal
abl
ean
ddo
esn
otr
equ
ir
egl
oba
llo
cki
ngo
rot
here
xpe
nsi
ve

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e8
s
ync
hro
niz
ati
on.DAROCd
atao
bje
ctsc
anb
eofa
rbi
tr
ari
l
yco
mpl
exd
atat
ype
s.Al
lth
e
s
imp
led
atat
ype
sar
ecu
rre
ntl
ysu
ppo
rte
dsu
cha
sin
teg
ers
,do
ubl
es
,an
dch
ara
cte
rs,a
s
a
res
tr
uct
ure
dab
str
actd
atat
ype
s,a
rra
ys,a
ndc
omb
ina
ti
onst
her
eof
.Th
eon
lyl
i
mit
at
io
n
c
urr
ent
l
yist
hata
lld
atao
bje
ctst
hatt
heu
serc
rea
tesmu
stb
eco
nti
guo
uss
tor
aget
ype
o
bje
cts
.Att
hi
spo
int
,li
nke
dli
st
s,t
re
es,a
ndo
the
rno
n-c
ont
ig
uou
sda
tat
ype
sar
eno
t
s
upp
ort
ed.A wr
app
erme
tho
dtop
acka
ndu
npa
ckt
hes
eob
jec
tty
pesc
oul
dbea
dde
dto
p
rov
ides
upp
orti
nfu
tur
ere
vi
si
ons
.
DOsa
rer
efe
ren
cedwi
th
inFEc
odeu
sin
gno
rma
lob
jec
tpo
int
er
s.T
heDAROC
mi
ddl
ewa
rec
rea
tesa
ndma
nag
est
hes
pac
efo
ranFE’sDOs
,sot
heFEc
ans
imp
ly
a
cce
sst
hema
slo
calo
bje
cts
.DAROCg
uar
ant
eest
hec
ons
is
ten
cyo
fal
lDOsi
nus
ebya
n
FEwh
il
eth
eFEi
sini
tse
xec
uti
onc
ycl
e(s
eeb
elo
w).Wh
ent
heFEi
sno
tex
ecu
ti
ng,
DOswr
it
te
nbyo
the
rFEsa
reu
pda
teda
tomi
cal
l
y,s
onoFEs
eesap
art
ia
lup
dat
etoa
DO.I
nad
dit
io
n,d
if
fe
ren
tFEsma
yha
veb
eus
ingd
if
fe
ren
tin
sta
nce
sofc
ommo
nDOs
.
Fo
rex
amp
le,i
fon
eFEh
asal
onge
xec
uti
onc
ycl
e,i
twi
l
lus
eth
ein
sta
nce
sofi
tsDOs
t
hatwe
rec
urr
entwh
eni
tse
xec
uti
onc
ycl
ebe
gan
.Ot
herFEst
hats
tar
tla
terma
yse
emo
re
r
ece
nti
nst
anc
eso
fth
oses
ameDOs
. Wh
ena
n FE c
omp
let
esa
nex
ecu
ti
onc
ycl
e,
DAROCa
uto
mat
ic
al
lyp
rov
ide
sth
ecu
rre
nti
nst
anc
eofDOswr
it
te
nbyt
hatFEt
oot
her
FEst
hatwa
ntt
hem.Byg
uar
ant
eei
ngc
ons
is
ten
cyd
uri
nge
xec
uti
on,DAROCp
rov
ide
sa
s
imp
le,n
atu
ral
,ex
pec
tedb
eha
vio
rmo
delt
oap
pli
cat
io
npr
ogr
amme
rs.
T
het
ran
sfe
rofDOsb
etwe
enn
ode
sish
and
leda
uto
mat
ic
al
lyb
yth
eDAROC
mi
ddl
ewa
re.Ap
pli
cat
io
nFEsa
ren
ota
war
eofwh
eth
ert
hes
our
ceo
fan
yDO t
heyu
sei
s
l
oc
alo
rre
mot
e,s
oDAROCp
rov
ide
slo
cat
io
ntr
ans
par
enc
y.Si
ncea
llc
ommu
nic
ati
oni
s
d
onet
hro
ughn
ame
dda
tao
bje
cts
,th
edi
st
ri
but
edn
atu
reo
fth
esy
ste
mish
idd
enf
rom
a
ppl
i
cat
io
npr
ogr
amme
rs. Sy
ste
mse
ngi
nee
rsc
ana
ssi
gn FEst
oth
esa
men
odef
or
p
erf
orma
nceo
rot
herc
ons
ide
rat
io
ns,b
utt
hec
oded
oesn
otc
han
gea
ndt
hel
ogi
calb
eha
vio
r
r
ema
insc
ons
is
ten
tnoma
tt
ert
hep
lac
eme
nt.
8.2I
nit
ia
li
zat
io
nth
eda
tao
bje
ct:
Da
tao
bje
ctsh
avet
hre
ere
qui
re
dpa
rame
ter
san
dasma
nyu
ser
-de
fi
nedp
ara
met
er
s
a
sde
eme
dne
ces
sar
ybyt
hep
rog
ramme
r.

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e9
 8.2.1
Fu
nct
io
nale
le
men
tsh
avef
iv
ere
qui
re
d p
ara
met
er
san
dasma
nyu
serd
efi
ned
p
ara
met
er
sasd
eeme
dne
ces
sar
ybyt
hep
rog
ramme
r.

8.2.2
T
hea
cti
vat
io
noft
hef
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
ntd
oesn
otd
epe
ndo
nup
dat
est
oda
ta
o
bje
ctsb
uto
nlyo
nch
ang
esi
nti
me.T
hei
gno
reI
Cpa
rame
termu
stb
ea0o
r1,wh
il
e
t
hea
cti
vat
io
nde
layi
san
yre
aln
umb
erg
rea
tert
hano
req
ualt
o0.
8.3.DAROC’sEr
rorMa
nag
er:
T
hee
rro
rma
nag
eri
sana
tt
emp
ttop
rov
ideac
ons
ol
id
ate
der
rorme
ssa
gin
gsy
ste
m
f
orf
ut
ureDAROCd
eve
lop
ersa
nda
ppl
i
cat
io
npr
ogr
amme
rs.T
hee
rro
rma
nag
eri
sno
t
i
nt
end
edt
obeas
tat
ice
nti
tya
nds
hou
ldb
eame
nde
dbyt
hep
rog
ramme
r.
s
amp
lec
al
ltot
hee
rro
rma
nag
er
BBe
rro
r.Se
nd(0,"FE::FE()");
T
hef
ir
stp
ara
met
eri
sth
ein
dexo
fth
eer
rorme
ssa
get
obed
isp
lay
ed.T
hes
eco
nd
p
ara
met
erc
ons
is
tso
fac
har
act
ers
tr
in
g.
8.4.Ga
rba
geCo
ll
ec
ti
onwi
thi
nDAROC:

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e10
 DAROCc
urr
ent
l
yde
all
oc
ate
san
yme
mor
yth
atwa
sdy
nami
cal
l
yal
l
oca
tedf
ora
f
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nto
rda
tao
bje
cta
lon
gwi
tha
llp
thr
eadmu
tex
esi
fth
epr
ogr
ame
xit
s
c
le
anl
y.T
hel
i
nke
dli
st
sth
atma
keu
pth
eDONAR a
ndFEBAR ma
nag
ersa
rea
ls
o
p
rop
erl
yde
all
oc
ate
dwh
ent
hep
rog
rame
xit
scl
ean
ly.
8.5.Er
rorMa
nag
er
T
hee
rro
rma
nag
ersd
atame
mbe
risj
usta
nar
rayo
fst
ri
ngst
hatc
ont
ai
nth
e
s
tat
ic
al
lyd
efi
nedme
ssa
ges
.Er
rorme
ssa
gesc
anb
eca
ll
edu
sin
gth
ese
ndme
mbe
rfu
nct
io
n
wi
tht
hea
ppr
opr
ia
tei
nde
xan
dan
yad
dit
io
nali
nf
orma
ti
onc
anp
ass
edt
oth
efu
nct
io
nasa
s
tr
in
gint
hes
eco
ndp
ara
met
er
.
8.6.DONAR
T
heDONAR a
ctsa
sal
oc
aln
ames
erv
ic
esma
nag
er.Al
lda
tao
bje
ctst
hata
re
c
rea
tedo
nan
oder
egi
st
ert
hems
el
ve
swi
tht
heDONAR.Wh
enaf
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nt
n
eed
stof
in
dth
ead
dre
sso
fda
tao
bje
cti
tse
ndsi
tsr
equ
estt
oth
eDONAR.T
he
DONARi
sno
thi
ngmo
ret
hanag
lob
all
i
nkl
i
sto
fda
tao
bje
ctso
nth
atp
art
ic
ul
arn
ode
.
ADONARn
odec
ons
is
tso
fth
ena
meo
fth
eda
tao
bje
ct,i
tsI
D,i
tsa
ddr
essi
nme
mor
y
a
ndap
oin
tert
oth
ene
xtn
ode
.Th
eac
tua
lli
nkl
i
stc
ont
ai
nsa
llo
fth
est
and
ardi
te
mss
uch
a
sap
oin
tert
oth
efi
rs
tno
dea
ndl
as
tno
dea
ndi
tss
iz
e.
8.7.FEBAR
T
heFEBAR l
i
ket
heDONAR i
sal
i
nkl
i
st.Ho
wev
er,t
heFEBAR i
sno
ta
g
lob
aln
ames
erv
ic
esma
nag
er.Ev
eryf
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nth
asi
tso
wnFEBAR,wh
ichi
t
u
sest
ost
orec
opi
eso
fth
eda
tao
bje
ctst
hati
tne
edst
ore
adf
romt
ope
rfo
rmi
ts
c
omp
uta
ti
on.I
tal
soc
ont
ai
nst
hec
opi
eso
fda
tao
bje
ctst
hatwi
l
lev
ent
ual
l
ybewr
it
te
n
b
ackt
oth
ebl
ac
kbo
ard
.FEBAR n
odec
ons
is
tso
fth
ena
meo
fth
eda
tao
bje
ct,t
he
a
ddr
esso
fth
eda
tao
bje
ct,a
ndat
ags
pec
if
yifi
tisa
nin
putb
uff
ero
rno
t.Al
lbu
ffe
rs
wi
tha
nis
inp
utb
uff
ers
ett
o“0”wi
l
lbewr
it
te
nba
ckt
oth
ebl
ac
kbo
ard
.Th
ebu
ffe
rda
ta
me
mbe
rist
hes
tor
agel
oc
ati
ono
fth
eDO.T
hea
ctu
alli
nkl
i
stc
ont
ai
nsa
llo
fth
e
s
tan
dar
dit
emss
ucha
sap
oin
tert
oth
efi
rs
tno
dea
ndl
as
tno
dea
ndi
tss
iz
e.T
he
FEBAR r
et
ri
ev
esd
atao
bje
ctst
obeo
per
ate
donb
ase
dont
hei
rna
me.T
het
hre
ema
in
me
mbe
rfu
nct
io
nso
fth
eFEBARa
re
•FEBARg
etb
uff
er
,

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e11
•FEBARo
ver
wri
te
buf
fe
rl
is
tan
d
•FEBARp
ost
.
T
heFEBARg
etb
uff
erf
unc
ti
onr
et
ri
ev
est
hed
atao
bje
cta
ndp
ass
esi
ttot
heu
ser
’s
a
ppl
i
cat
io
nfu
nct
io
nwh
erei
tisc
asta
ndt
hed
atame
mbe
rsa
ndf
unc
ti
onsc
ant
henb
e
e
xpl
oi
te
d.
T
heFEBARo
ver
wri
te
buf
fe
rl
is
tisa
nes
sen
ti
alp
arto
fth
eFEa
cti
vat
io
n.T
hisf
unc
ti
on
f
in
dsa
llt
hel
at
estc
opi
eso
fda
tao
bje
ctst
heFEn
eed
san
dov
erwr
it
est
hei
rol
dco
pie
sof
d
atao
bje
ctswi
thf
re
shc
opi
es
.
T
heFEBARp
osti
san
oth
ere
sse
nti
alp
arto
fth
eFEa
cti
vat
io
ncy
cl
e.T
heFEp
ostf
unc
ti
on
f
in
dsa
llo
fth
eda
tao
bje
ctsi
nit
sFEBAR l
i
stt
hati
sta
gge
dasa
nou
tpu
tbu
ffe
ran
d
c
opi
est
hen
ewl
yca
lc
ul
at
edd
atao
bje
ctb
ackt
oit
sbl
ac
kbo
ardl
oc
ati
on.Un
ti
lth
isf
unc
ti
on
c
omp
let
es,t
her
esu
lt
soft
hec
al
cu
lat
io
nar
eno
tco
mmi
tt
ed.
8.8.DOPa
cka
gin
gint
heFEBARMa
nag
er:
Da
tao
bje
ctst
hro
ugh
outDAROCa
res
tor
edme
rel
yasc
har
act
erb
uff
ers
.Th
is
a
ll
owsf
ort
hes
imp
let
ran
sfe
rofo
bje
ctsi
nth
esy
ste
man
dwi
l
lfa
cil
i
tat
ere
pli
cat
io
n.
Wh
ent
heu
sero
per
ate
sond
atao
bje
ctsi
nana
ppl
i
cat
io
nfu
nct
io
n,t
heya
rei
nac
tua
li
ty
o
per
ati
ngo
nth
eco
pie
sofd
atao
bje
ctss
tor
edi
nth
eFEBARma
nag
er.
8.9.Pa
rsi
nga
ndDa
taOb
jec
tWr
app
ing
:
Pa
rsi
ngi
sane
sse
nti
alp
iec
eofr
edu
cin
gco
dec
omp
lex
it
y.T
he‘$’i
sus
edi
n
DAROCi
nfr
onto
fad
atao
bje
ctt
owr
apt
hato
bje
ctwi
thDAROCc
odeo
ncei
tisr
un
t
hro
ught
hep
ars
er.
Al
lda
tao
bje
ctsmu
sth
avet
he‘$’p
ars
esy
mbo
linf
ron
t.T
hec
odewi
l
lno
tbea
blet
o
b
eco
mpi
l
eda
fte
riti
sru
nth
rou
ght
hep
ars
eri
fad
atao
bje
cti
smi
ss
ingt
hep
ars
esy
mbo
l.
8.1
0.Re
tri
eva
lofaDa
taOb
jec
tSt
epb
ySt
ep:
T
hewr
app
eda
ppl
i
cat
io
nco
dec
al
lst
heFEwr
apf
unc
ti
ona
ndp
ass
est
hen
ameo
f
t
hed
atao
bje
ctt
hatt
heu
serr
equ
est
s.T
hed
atao
bje
ctr
equ
esti
spa
sse
dtot
heFEg
et
b
uff
erf
unc
ti
onc
ode
,wh
ichi
sst
il
lpa
rto
fth
efu
nct
io
nale
le
men
tso
urc
eco
de.
T
heFEg
etb
uff
erf
unc
ti
onp
ass
esc
ont
rola
ndt
her
equ
estt
oit
sas
soc
iat
edFEBAR.T
he
FEBAR u
sesi
tso
wnFEBAR g
etb
uff
erf
unc
ti
ona
ndc
al
lst
hef
in
dDO n
ame
,wh
ich
s
ear
che
sth
rou
ght
heFEBAR’sl
i
nkl
i
stf
ort
her
equ
est
edd
atao
bje
ct.

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e12
9.FEACTI
VATI
ONCYCL
E

9.1
.1
T
heFEh
and
leri
sth
ein
it
ia
lpo
into
fco
ntr
olwh
ent
heFEi
scr
eat
ed.As
sumi
ng
t
hef
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nti
fno
tpe
ri
odi
cba
sed
,itwi
l
lco
nti
nuo
usl
ych
eckt
hed
atao
bje
ctsi
n
i
tsi
npu
tli
st
.On
cet
heya
llh
aveb
eenu
pda
teds
inc
eth
ela
sta
cti
vat
io
n,t
hei
npu
t
c
ond
it
io
npa
rame
teri
sse
ttot
ruea
ndc
ont
roli
spa
sse
dtot
heu
sere
xec
uti
onl
ogi
cwh
ichi
s
j
ustt
hea
ppl
i
cat
io
nfu
nct
io
n.On
cet
hea
ppl
i
cat
io
nfu
nct
io
nco
mpl
et
es,c
ont
roli
spa
sse
d
b
ackt
oth
eFEh
and
ler
,wh
ichs
ubs
equ
ent
l
ywr
it
esb
ackt
hen
ewl
yca
lc
ul
at
edd
atao
bje
cts
t
oth
ebl
ac
kbo
ard
.Th
erea
rec
omme
ntsa
bou
tpr
eco
ndi
ti
onsa
ndp
ost
-co
ndi
ti
onsi
nth
eFE
h
and
ler
.Th
isi
nt
el
li
gen
cei
scu
rre
ntl
yno
tinDAROCb
utmo
stl
i
kel
ywi
l
lbea
dde
dint
he
f
ut
ure
.Ev
eryf
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nti
scr
eat
eda
sas
ing
lePOSI
Xth
rea
d,wh
ichc
ont
rol
sth
e
f
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
ntp
ayl
oad
.Th
efu
nct
io
nale
le
men
tco
nsi
st
sofwr
app
erc
odeg
ene
rat
edb
y
t
heDAROC t
ool
se
tto ma
nag
eDOsa
ndt
hea
ppl
i
cat
io
nfu
nct
io
n wr
it
te
nbyt
he
p
rog
ramme
rtop
erf
ormt
hewo
rko
fth
eFE.Da
tao
bje
ctsa
rer
eada
ndwr
it
te
nbyt
heFEs
i
nth
esy
ste
maso
fte
nasn
eed
ed.Ah
and
lera
sso
cia
tedwi
the
achFEc
hec
kst
hes
pec
if
ie
d
s
eto
fda
tao
bje
ctsn
eed
edb
yth
eFEt
ope
rf
ormi
tsc
omp
uta
ti
on.Wh
ent
heh
and
ler

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e13
 n
oti
ce
san
ewi
nst
anc
eofa
nyo
fth
eDOsi
nit
sse
t,i
ten
ter
sav
eri
fi
cat
io
nph
ase
.In
t
hi
sph
ase
,th
eFEh
and
lerf
ir
std
ete
rmi
neswh
ichd
atao
bje
cth
asc
han
ged
,an
dth
en
c
hec
ksi
fan
yot
herDOsi
nit
sse
tha
veb
eenu
pda
teds
inc
eth
ela
stt
imei
tac
ti
vat
edt
he
FE’sa
ppl
i
cat
io
nfu
nct
io
n.T
hen
orma
lac
ti
vat
io
nco
ndi
ti
oni
nth
epr
oto
typ
eist
he“AND”
c
ond
it
io
n,s
oifa
llDOsi
nth
eha
ndl
er
’ss
eth
avec
han
ged
,th
eFEh
and
lerwi
l
lpa
ss
c
ont
rolt
oth
eap
pli
cat
io
nfu
nct
io
nth
atp
erf
ormst
hewo
rko
fth
eFE.Wh
il
eth
eAND
a
cti
vat
io
nco
ndi
ti
oni
sth
ede
fau
lt
,OR c
ond
it
io
nso
rmo
rec
omp
lexBo
ole
ano
rst
at
e-
ma
chi
neo
per
ati
onsa
rej
usta
sea
sil
ypo
ssi
bl
e.Fo
rex
amp
le,t
heu
serma
ywa
ntt
o
a
cti
vat
eth
eFEe
ver
yth
irdu
pda
tet
oani
npu
tDO;r
ath
ert
hane
mbe
ddi
ngt
hatl
ogi
cin
to
t
hea
ppl
i
cat
io
n,i
tisb
ett
ert
osp
eci
fyi
tasa
nac
ti
vat
io
nco
ndi
ti
oni
nor
dert
oke
ept
he
f
unc
ti
ona
li
tys
epa
rat
efr
oms
che
dul
i
ngc
onc
ern
s.I
fth
eac
ti
vat
io
ncr
it
er
iaa
ren
otme
t,t
he
h
and
lerwi
l
lwa
itu
nti
litd
ete
ctsf
urt
herc
han
gei
nit
sDOs
et.
9.1
.Di
st
ri
but
edo
bje
ctt
ran
sfe
r:
L
oca
ti
on-t
ran
spa
ren
timp
li
ci
tDO t
ran
sfe
rbe
twe
end
ist
ri
but
eds
yst
em n
ode
sis
p
rov
ide
dbyDAROC.A Na
meSe
rve
r,wr
it
te
ninPy
tho
n,a
ll
owst
heFEh
and
ler
sto
l
ooku
pth
e“h
omen
ode
”ofa
nyd
atao
bje
ct.T
heh
and
ler
sca
nth
enq
uer
yth
eho
me
n
odef
ore
achDOt
heyn
eedt
ode
ter
min
eth
est
at
uso
fth
eDO.Fi
gur
esh
owsh
owa
nFE
h
and
lerl
ook
supt
hes
our
cei
nf
orma
ti
onf
oraDO f
romt
heNa
meSe
rve
r.Fi
g.2bs
hows
a
nFEh
and
lerr
equ
est
in
ganu
pda
tedDO i
nst
anc
e.T
her
esp
ons
eme
ssa
gewi
l
lei
th
er
c
ont
ai
nth
ene
win
sta
nceo
rno
ti
fi
cat
io
nth
att
heDO h
asn
otb
eenu
pda
ted
.Be
cau
se
c
urr
enti
mpl
eme
nta
ti
ono
fDAROCi
sane
xpe
ri
men
talp
rot
ot
ype
,wea
res
ti
lle
val
uat
in
g
t
heb
estu
pda
teme
tho
dtou
sef
orDOt
ran
sfe
rs.

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e14
 9.2.1
Aso
fth
iswr
it
in
g,a“p
ull
”ap
pro
achi
sus
ed,wh
eret
heFEh
and
ler
sco
nta
ct
h
omen
ode
sofDOst
ode
ter
min
eift
heyh
aveb
eenu
pda
ted
.Th
eDAROCmi
ddl
ewa
reo
n
t
hos
eno
deswi
l
lth
ene
it
herr
esp
ondwi
tht
heu
pda
tedDO i
nst
anc
eorn
oti
fi
cat
io
nth
atn
o
c
han
geh
aso
ccu
rre
dsi
ncet
hel
as
tti
met
heFEr
ece
iv
edt
heDO.T
hea
uto
mat
ict
ran
sfe
r
o
fDOi
nst
anc
est
ono
dest
hatu
set
hemme
anst
hatt
he“c
urr
ent
”in
sta
nceo
faDOma
y
r
esi
deo
nmo
ret
hano
nen
ode
.Th
isn
atu
ralr
epl
i
cat
io
nme
cha
nis
mpr
ovi
desas
imp
le
r
edu
nda
ncya
ppr
oac
hth
atc
anb
eus
edt
ore
cov
erf
romn
odef
ai
lu
res
.Ift
her
epl
i
cat
io
nis
e
nfo
rce
dsot
hata
llDOse
xis
tona
tle
astt
won
ode
s,t
henr
eco
ver
yfr
omf
ai
lu
reo
fon
eof
t
hen
ode
sca
noc
curwi
th
outa
nye
xpl
i
citr
eco
ver
ypr
ogr
ammi
ngf
romt
heu
ser
.

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e15
1
0.HOW AREDO’SANDFE’SL
INKEDTOGETHER
Fu
nct
io
nale
le
men
tsma
int
ai
nas
ubs
cri
pt
io
nli
sto
fal
lda
tao
bje
ctsi
nth
eird
atas
et
t
hatt
heye
it
herr
eado
rwr
it
e.Da
tao
bje
ctsa
ls
oha
vet
hea
bil
i
tyo
fma
int
ai
ni
ngal
i
sto
f
f
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
ntst
hatc
ano
per
ateo
nth
em.
T
hec
urr
enti
mpl
eme
nta
ti
ono
fDAROCi
son
einwh
icht
hef
unc
ti
ona
lel
eme
nts
p
ullu
pda
tec
han
gesf
romt
heb
lac
kbo
arda
sop
pos
edt
oth
ebl
ac
kbo
ardp
ush
ingu
pda
te
c
han
geso
utt
oth
eap
pro
pri
at
efu
nct
io
nale
le
men
ts.Da
tao
bje
ctso
fty
pe“i
npu
t”a
re
t
hos
eth
ata
rer
eado
nly
.Da
tao
bje
ctso
fty
pe“o
utp
ut”a
ret
hos
eda
tao
bje
cti
twi
l
lwr
it
e
i
tsr
esu
lt
sba
ckt
o.

1
0.1

1
1.PERFORMANCEANDBOTTL
ENECKS
T
her
ear
eth
reec
omp
one
ntsi
nth
eDAROCa
rch
it
ect
uret
hatc
anb
eaf
ut
ure
s
our
ceo
fbo
tt
le
nec
kst
hatr
esu
lti
npe
rfo
rma
nceh
it
s.DAROCc
urr
ent
l
yisn
oti
nas
tag
e
o
fma
tur
it
yinwh
ichd
ist
ri
but
eds
imu
lat
io
nsc
anb
epe
rfo
rme
d.
DAROCBo
ttl
ene
cks
:
•Ce
ntr
al
iz
edNa
meSe
rvi
ce
s
•Bl
oc
kin
gLo
ckMe
cha
nis
m
•I
nfl
ex
ibi
l
it
yofFu
nct
io
nalEl
eme
ntAc
ti
vat
io
n’s
•Co
pie
sofDa
taOb
jec
ts
Ac
ti
vat
io
nAn
aly
sis
:
T
hes
yst
emss
pec
if
ic
ati
onsa
rea
sfo
ll
ows
:
•I
nte
l81
0Ch
ips
et
•GHzc
el
er
onp
roc
ess
or

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e16
•384MBo
fme
mor
y

1
2.CONCL
USI
ON
Cu
rre
ntd
ist
ri
but
edp
rog
rammi
ngp
ara
dig
msf
orc
eco
mmu
nic
ati
ona
nds
che
dul
i
ng
c
odei
nt
oth
eap
pli
cat
io
nco
deo
fth
epr
ogr
am.T
hisme
tho
dish
igh
lye
rro
rpr
oned
uet
o
t
hec
omp
lex
it
yofp
rog
rammi
ngi
nad
ist
ri
but
ede
nvi
ro
nme
nta
ndl
ead
stol
i
mit
eds
cal
abi
l
it
y.
DAROC, a d
ata
-ac
ti
vat
ed mi
ddl
ewa
rea
ppr
oac
h wh
oseg
oali
stoe
ased
ist
ri
but
ed
p
rog
rammi
ngf
orp
eop
lewh
oar
eno
tdi
st
ri
but
eds
yst
emse
xpe
rt
s.DAROCi
san
etwo
rk
t
ran
spa
ren
ten
vir
onme
nti
nwh
icha
lla
cce
sse
sar
ese
ena
slo
calf
romt
hep
rog
ramme
r’s
p
oin
tofv
ie
w.Da
ta-a
cti
vat
io
ninal
oos
el
yba
sedb
lac
kbo
ardmo
dels
imp
li
fi
ess
che
dul
i
ng
wh
il
epr
ovi
di
ngame
cha
nis
mfo
rda
tar
epl
i
cat
io
n.T
hee
vol
vi
ngt
oolk
itwi
l
lal
soe
nha
nce
t
hi
ssi
mpl
e,y
etp
owe
rfu
ldi
st
ri
but
edp
rog
rammi
nge
nvi
ro
nme
nt.

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e17
1
3.REFERENCES
 h
ttp
s:/
/www.s
emi
nar
st
opi
cs
.co
m/s
emi
nar
/5803/
dar
oc-t
ech
nol
ogy
 h
ttp
s:/
/www.c
in.u
fpe
.br
/~c
ct/
sbe
s2008/
Sta
ck2003.p
df
 h
ttp
s:/
/www.s
ci
enc
edi
re
ct.c
om/
sci
enc
e/a
rti
cl
e/p
ii
/S01
67739X04001
92X
 h
ttp
s:/
/www.s
ema
nti
cs
cho
lar
.or
g/p
ape
r/A-mi
ddl
ewa
re-a
rch
it
ect
ure
-to
-fa
cil
i
tat
e-
d
ist
ri
but
ed-St
ack
-Hs
iao
/2767768788d
0dd
1ea
2ff
cce
4a89e
ae580a
06a
1bf
 h
ttp
s:/
/www.r
ese
arc
hga
te.n
et/
pub
li
cat
io
n/221
133764_
A_Mi
ddl
ewa
re_
Arc
hit
ect
u
r
e_t
o_Fa
cil
i
tat
e_Di
st
ri
but
ed_
Pro
gra
mmi
ng_
DAROC_
Dat
a-
Ac
ti
vat
ed_
Rep
li
cat
ed_
Obj
ec
t_
Commu
nic
ati
ons
 h
ttp
s:/
/dl
.ac
m.o
rg/
doi
/10.5555/
1125403.1
12541
5

DEPT
.ofCSE.,GPCET
Pag
e18