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Section 3 Waves PDF
Section 3 Waves PDF
2005 june
(a) Which of X-rays and radio waves has the longer wavelength?
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(b) Which of X-rays and radio waves has the higher frequency?
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(d) State one property that all electromagnetic waves have in common.
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(Total 7 marks)
(b) The digital signal only has two values. These are 1 which corresponds to
(Total 4 marks)
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(ii) The student finds that when the angle of incidence in the air is 68° the angle of
refraction in the glass is 38°.
The table contains information about the two angles.
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(ii) State the relationship between the critical angle and the refractive index.
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(Total 10 marks)
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(b) A sound wave has a frequency of 384 Hz and a wavelength of 0.86 m.
Calculate its speed in m/s.
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(Total 5 marks)
(a) longitudinal 1
(b) use and recall v = f x λ 1
384 x 0.86 = 330 (m/s) 1
(c) no 1
(i)
(c) not within frequency too high 1
(ii) (audible) range
of 20 – 20 000 Hz
Total 5 marks
(b) The diagram shows a kitten sitting in front of a mirror. A virtual image of the kitten
is formed by the mirror.
(3)
(Total 4 marks)
Question 6 (a) 1
reflection
(b) draw reflected ray angles of incidence 1
and reflection 1
equal by eye 1
draw second ray ditto
from cat tail
reflected in mirror
drawn reflected
rays converge at C
Total 4 marks
(b) The amplitude, the frequency and the wavelength of a sound wave can be changed.
(i) What change could be made to make the sound lower in pitch?
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(ii) Complete the sentence.
(d) Describe how you could measure the speed of sound in air by a simple direct
method. You may draw a diagram to illustrate your answer.
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(Total 9 marks)
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(b) A student is playing in goal in a football match. The window of a nearby building
reflects sunlight into his eyes.
(i) Complete the diagram to show the reflection of the ray from the front of the
window. (2)
(ii) What could you do to stop sunlight being reflected into the student’s eyes from
this window?
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(c) Light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. If players are not protected from
some electromagnetic waves they can suffer ill effects. State which part of the
electromagnetic spectrum can cause
(i) skin burns
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(ii) blindness.
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(d) What do all parts of the electromagnetic spectrum have in common?
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(Total 7 marks)
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(b) The diagram below shows water waves about to pass through a gap.
One wavefront is shown after it has passed through the gap.
(i) On the diagram, draw two more wavefronts that have passed through the gap. (3)
(ii) State two changes which would each make the wavefronts become more curved
after passing through the gap.
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2 ............................................................................................................................. (2)
(c) (i) Sound waves with a frequency of 25 000 Hz are directed at a gap. Give a reason
why they are not heard on the other side of the gap.
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(Total 10 marks)
(a) (i) Complete the labels to show which is the analogue signal and which is the digital
signal. (1)
(ii) Give two reasons for your answer.
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2 ............................................................................................................................. (2)
(b) State one advantage of using digital signals rather than analogue signals.
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(c) Give one example from everyday life of the use of a digital signal.
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(Total 5 marks)
(a) We cannot see a sound wave. However we can see a representation of it by connecting
(Total 3 marks)
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(iv) State an equation which relates angle of incidence, angle of refraction and
refractive index of glass.
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(v) At point Y light passes from air to glass but refraction does not take place.
How can you tell this from the diagram?
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(ii) Complete the diagram to show how the ray of light passes through the triangular
glass block and out into the air.
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
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(c) Generally the heavier an animal is, the lower is its heart rate. The data in the table
gives the heart rate of animals of different masses.
(i) Use the grid opposite to plot a graph of heart rate against mass. Draw a smooth
curve for your plotted points. (3)
Explain why you cannot use your graph to predict the heart rate of this animal.
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(Total 8 marks)
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(b) The teacher measures distance d on the screen.
Complete the sentences.
(ii) Distance d becomes smaller. This is because the sound which goes to the
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(Total 4 marks)
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(b) The diagram shows a ray of light moving through part of an optical fibre.
(i) Add the normal and the angle of incidence to the diagram.
(2)
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(iii) Use the term critical angle to explain why the process takes place.
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(c) (i) State the equation which relates critical angle and refractive index.
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(ii) The critical angle for glass in an optical fibre is 41.5°.
cos 41.5° = 0.749
sin 41.5° = 0.663
tan 41.5° = 0.885
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(Total 12 marks)
2008 June
Q2: Parts of the electromagnetic spectrum have various uses.
(a) Which part is used for
(i) heaters and night vision equipment,
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(b) All the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are transverse waves.
(i) State one property which all the parts have in common but which is not shared
with other waves.
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(ii) Give one example of a transverse wave which is not part of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
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(iii) Complete the sentence below.
In a transverse wave, each point on the wave is moving in a direction
(Total 6 marks)
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(b) The experiment is repeated with a ‘block’ of water. The refractive index of water is
1.3. The same angle of incidence is used.
(i) On the diagram above draw the refracted ray for a ‘block’ of water. (1)
(ii) Explain the direction of the ray that you have drawn in (i).
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(c) The diagram below shows a semicircular glass block. An incident ray is drawn.
Add one more line to the diagram and mark the angle of incidence, i, for this ray.
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
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(ii) State the relationship between critical angle and refractive index.
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(iii) Calculate the critical angle in degrees for this block of glass.
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(c) The diagram below shows the ray of light entering the glass block at point P. The
dashed path is for glass of refractive index 1.6.
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(Total 10 marks)
(i) State how the student could increase the amplitude of the wave.
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(ii) State how the student could decrease the wavelength to produce the wave shown
below.
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(c) The student then uses a spring to demonstrate the behaviour of a longitudinal wave.
(Total 8 marks)
(a) On the diagram, use a ruler to continue the path of most of this light. (1)
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(c) State the equation which relates critical angle and refractive index.
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(d) (i) What happens to the light from the searchlight when it has an angle of incidence
at the surface which is greater than the critical angle?
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
A ..................................................................................................................................
B . ..................................................................................................................................
C .................................................................................................................................. (3)
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
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(ii) Name the process shown by the path of the light in parts P and Q.
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(b) Figures A and B show rays of light from a lamp on the bottom of a swimming pool.
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3 State the equation which relates refractive index n, angle of incidence i and
angle of refraction r.
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(ii) Refraction has not occurred in Figure B. Explain this.
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(iii) State the equation which relates critical angle c and refractive index n.
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(Total 7 marks)
(a) (i) State the equation which relates frequency, speed and wavelength.
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Frequency =
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(Total 7 marks)
(ii) distance d.
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(Total 6 marks)
(a) What is the name of the two dotted lines on the diagram?
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(b) State the relationship between critical angle and refractive index.
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(e) (i) State the relationship between refractive index, angle of incidence and angle of
refraction.
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(ii) Use angles from the diagram to calculate the refractive index of water.
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(Total 10 marks)
Q15: (a) The diagram shows a ray of light going through air towards a glass block with a
curved surface.
(i) Use a ruler to draw the path of the ray as it continues towards the glass block and
then goes through the glass block.
Add labels to the diagram to show the following:
• incident ray
• normal
• angle of incidence, i
• refracted ray
• angle of refraction, r (4)
(ii) Name two pieces of apparatus that would be required to carry out this
experiment.
1 .............................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................. (2)
(b) In an experiment a student gets the following results.
i r
Set 1 50 30
Set 2 5 3
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(Total 10 marks)
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The time between the signals was 0.002 s and the distance between the microphones
was 0.680 m.
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(ii) State which property of a sound wave is represented by the amplitude of the
signals.
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(iii) Suggest an explanation for the relative sizes of the amplitudes of A and B.
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(2)
(Total 8 marks)