Q2.

8 125*75*8 Unequal angles in compression

X axis K= L= rx= c)For asymmetric sections, fe is the smallest root of
1 4000 40 where 2 2
 xo   yo 
(KL/r)= 100    
 fe  fex  fe  fey  fe  fez   fe fe  fey    fe2  fe  fex 
2
   0
 ro   ro 
Y axis K= L= ry=
1 2000 20.9 remember for the fex and fey, x is the v axis and y is the u
(KL/r)= 95.69378
2
π E  π 2 E Cw  1
V axis E= K= L= ry= fex  fez   2 2
 G .J  2
2.00E+05 1 2000 16.3  K x Lx 
2
 KZ LZ  A ro
(KL/r)= 122.6994 fex= 131.1  
 rx 
U axis K= L= ry=
1 2000 42.1
(KL/r)= 47.50594 fey= 874.6
y
maxKL/r= 122.6994
v
Cw= 2.79E+07 J= 3.67E+04 A= 1.55E+03
ro= 58.89 Ω= 5.88E-01 fy= 350 x
xo= 29.3 yo= 23.9
fez t1 fez t2 1/Aro^2
fez= 528.3 1.38E+07 2.83E+09 1.86E-07
2.56E+00 5.26E+02 5.28E+02 u
fe 114.9 0.00 *use goal seek function (in tools) by setting result of cell D26 (fe eq) to 0 whilst changing C26 value

torsional-flexural buckling: λ= 1.745 λ=(fy/fe)^0.5

flexural buckling: λ= 1.634 λ=Kl/r*(fy/fe)^0.5

Cr= 137.8 based on critical λ= 1.745

class
Class 4: f= 98.8 long 15.625 >10.69 cl4
k= 0.43 short 9.375
Wlim= 19.0 >15.6 O.K
90*90*12 Equal angles in compression class
leg 15 >10.69 cl4
X axis E= K= L= rx=
2.00E+05 1 1760 27
(KL/r)= 65.18519 464.5

Y axis E= K= L= ry=
2.00E+05 1 3523 27
(KL/r)= 130.4815 115.9

V axis K= L= rv=
1 1760 17.4 for angle:Y axis must be taken as axis of sym (u axis) and x axis is v
(KL/r)= 101.1494 fex= 192.9 y

U axis K= L= ru= v
1 1760 34
(KL/r)= 51.76471 fey= 736.7 x

maxKL/r= 130.4815 1
Cw= 7.18E+06 J= 1.04E+05 A= 2030
ro= 49.1 Ω= 6.31E-01 fy= 350 u

fez= 1637.2

feyz= 605.4
fey  fez  
feyz  1 1 4fey fez  Ω 
fe= 192.9 2Ω   fey  fez  
2
 
for torsional flexural buckling λ= 1.347 λ=(fy/fe)^0.5
 π 2 E C w  1
for flexural buckling λ= 1.737 λ=Kl/r*(fy/fe)^0.5 fez   2 2
 G .J  2
 KZ LZ  A ro
Cr= 181.8 based on critical λ= 1.737473

Class 4: f= 99.5
k= 0.43
Wlim= 18.9 >15.6 O.K
Q2.17 Determine the resistance of a 180 x 70 PFC with an eff Lx and Ly of 4000mm (pin ended)
class
180*70 PFC flange 6.42 <10.69 cl3
fy= 350 web 22.60 <35.8 cl3
Y axis E= K= L= ry=
200000 1 4000 21.8 for channel:Y axis must be taken as axis of sym (x axis) and X axis is y
(KL/r)= 183.4862 fex= 58.6
y
X axis K= L= rx= 58.63038
1 4000 71 Lz=
(KL/r)= 56.33803 fey= 621.9 4000

maxKL/r= 183.4862 <200 x

Cw= 6.52E+09 J= 8.23E+04 A= 2.68E+03
xo= 43.5 yo= 0 rx= 71 ry= 21.8
ro= 86.07259 Ω= 7.45E-01
fez= 3.60E+02

feyz= 293.0
fey  fez  
4fey fez  Ω
feyz   1 1 
fe= 58.6 2Ω   fey  fez  
2

λ= 2.443 λ=(fy/fe)^0.5
 π 2 E Cw  1
fez   2 2
 G .J  2
 KZ LZ  A ro
Cr= 132.5 based on critical λ= 2.443
102*133*15T class flange 133.8/9.6/2 6.96875 <10.69
fy= 350 b1/t= web 103.4/6.3 16.4127 <18.17
Y axis E= K= L= ry=
2.00E+05 1 4000 31.8 for Tee:Y axis is axis of sym yo=cx-tf/2
(KL/r)= 125.7862 fey= 124.8 Cw approx 0
y
X axis K= L= rx=
1 5000 28.4
(KL/r)= 176.0563 fex= 63.7
x
maxKL/r= 176.0563 <200 tf= 9.6
Cw= 0.00E+00 J= 5.16E+04 A= 1.90E+03 cx= 21
ro= 45.60965 Ω= 8.74E-01 xo= 0 yo= 16.2

fez= 1005.2

feyz= 122.6
fey  fez  4fey fez  Ω

feyz   1 1 
fe= 122.6 2Ω   fey  fez  
2

for torsional flexural buckling λ= 1.690 λ=(fy/fe)^0.5
 π 2 E Cw  1
for flexural buckling 63.7 λ= 2.344 λ=Kl/r*(fy/(22/7)^2/E)^0.5 fez   2 2
 G .J  2
 KZ LZ  A ro
Cr= 101.3 based on critical λ= 2.344

2.34507
152x165x27 T for 2m length

fy= 350
Y axis E= K= L= ry=
2.00E+05 1 2000 39.4 for Tee:Y axis is axis of sym yo=cx-tf/2
(KL/r)= 50.76142 fey= 766.1
y
X axis K= L= rx=
1 2000 43.1 Lz
(KL/r)= 46.40371 fex= 916.7 2000
x
maxKL/r= 50.76142 <200
Cw= 0.00E+00 J= 1.72E+05 A= 3.41E+03
ro= 63.50175 Ω= 8.46E-01 xo= 0 yo= 24.95

fex= 916.7

fey= 766.1

fez= 963

feyz= 606.7 
fey  fez 4fey fez  Ω

feyz   1 1 
fe= 606.7 2Ω   fey  fez  
2

for torsional flexural buckling λ= 0.760 λ=(fy/fe)^0.5
 π 2 E C w  1
fez   2 2
 G .J  2
 KZ LZ  A  ro
f= 261.4 based on critical λ= 0.760

reduce for cl 4 stem

flange 166.8 13.7 6.09
web 155.4 7.7 20.18

wlim= 11.68
b= 14.01
Aeff= 3044 Cr= 716.2

Refer to example 4.4 A CONCISE COMPARISON OF LIMIT STATES DESIGN TO SABS0162 & EUROCODE J Mahachi
note error in J in text
Determine the resistance of a 140 x 60 PFC with an eff Lx and Ly of 2500mm

140*60 PFC
fy= 350
Y axis E= K= L= ry=
200000 1 2500 18.8 for channel:Y axis must be taken as axis of sym (x axis) and X axis is y
(KL/r)= 132.9787 fex= 111.6
y
X axis K= L= rx= 111.626
1 2500 55.7 Lz=
(KL/r)= 44.8833 fey= 979.9 2500

maxKL/r= 132.9787 <200 x

Cw= 2.11E+09 J= 4.96E+04 A= 1.95E+03
xo= 39.1 yo= 0 rx= 55.7 ry= 18.8
ro= 70.60269 Ω= 6.93E-01
fez= 4.61E+02

feyz= 385.0
fey  fez  
4fey fez  Ω
feyz  1 1 
fe= 111.6 2Ω   fey  fez  
2

λ= 1.771 λ=(fy/fe)^0.5
 π 2 E Cw  1
fez   2 2
 G .J  2
 KZ LZ  A ro
Cr= 169.3 based on critical λ= 1.771

Refer to example 4.5 A CONCISE COMPARISON OF LIMIT STATES DESIGN TO SABS0162 & EUROCODE J Mahachi
Unequal angles in compression
X axis K= L= rx= c)For asymmetric sections, fe is the smallest root of
1 7500 39.5 where 2 2
 xo   yo 
(KL/r)= 189.8734 2500    
 fe  fex  fe  fey  fe  fez   fe fe  fey    fe2  fe  fex 
2
   0
 ro   ro 
Y axis K= L= ry=
1 2500 20.5 remember for the fex and fey, x is the v axis and y is the u
(KL/r)= 121.9512
2
π E  π 2 E Cw  1
V axis E= K= L= ry= fex  fez   2 2
 G .J  2
2.00E+05 1 2500 16.1  K x Lx 
2
 KZ LZ  A ro
(KL/r)= 155.2795 fex= 81.9  
 rx 
U axis K= L= ry=
1 2500 41.5
(KL/r)= 60.24096 fey= 543.9
y
maxKL/r= 189.8734
v
Cw= 8.82E+07 J= 1.16E+05 A= 2.27E+03
ro= 57.54 Ω= 1.00E+00 fy= 350 x
xo= 28.3 yo= 23
fez t1 fez t2 1/Aro^2
fez= 1192.2 2.79E+07 8.93E+09 1.33E-07
3.71E+00 1.19E+03 1.19E+03 u
fe 79.1 0.00 *use goal seek function (in tools) by setting result of cell D26 (fe eq) to 0 whilst changing C26 value

torsional-flexural buckling: λ= 2.104 λ=(fy/fe)^0.5

Cr= 146.9
 Unequal angles in compression
X axis K= L= rx= c)For asymmetric sections, fe is the smallest root of
1 7500 39.5 where 2 2
 xo   yo 
(KL/r)= 189.8734 2500    
 fe  fex  fe  fey  fe  fez   fe fe  fey    fe2  fe  fex 
2
   0
 ro   ro 
Y axis K= L= ry=
1 2500 20.5 remember for the fex and fey, x is the v axis and y is the u
(KL/r)= 121.9512
2
π E  π 2 E Cw  1
V axis E= K= L= ry= fex  fez   2 2
 G .J  2
2.00E+05 1 2500 16.1  K x Lx 
2
 KZ LZ  A ro
(KL/r)= 155.2795 fex= 81.9  
 rx 
U axis K= L= ry=
1 2500 41.5
(KL/r)= 60.24096 fey= 543.9
y
maxKL/r= 189.8734
v
Cw= 0.00E+00 J= 1.16E+05 A= 2.27E+03
ro= 57.54 Ω= 1.00E+00 fy= 350 x
xo= 28.3 yo= 23
fez t1 fez t2 1/Aro^2
fez= 1188.5 0.00E+00 8.93E+09 1.33E-07
goal seek what if in data 0.00E+00 1.19E+03 1.19E+03 u
fe 79.1 0.00

torsional-flexural buckling: λ= 2.104 λ=(fy/fe)^0.5

Cr= 146.9
Equal angles in compression

X/Y axis E= K= L= rv=

2.00E+05 1 4650 36.7
(KL/r)= 126.703 123.0

V axis K= L= rv=
1 4650 23.6 for angle:Y axis must be taken as axis of sym (u axis) and x axis is v
(KL/r)= 197.0339 fex= 50.8 y

U axis K= L= ru= v
1 4650 46.3
(KL/r)= 100.432 fey= 195.7 x

maxKL/r= 197.0339 1
Cw= 7.76E+07 J= 8.51E+04 A= 2320
ro= 65.4 Ω= 6.31E-01 fy= 350 u

fez= 661.1

feyz= 173.1 0
fey  fez  4fey fez  Ω

feyz   1 1 
fe= 50.8 2Ω   fey  fez  
2

for torsional flexural buckling λ= 2.624 λ=(fy/fe)^0.5
 π 2 E Cw  1
for flexural buckling λ= 2.624 λ=Kl/r*(fy/fe)^0.5 fez   2 2
 G .J  2
 KZ LZ  A  ro
Cr= 100.6 based on critical λ= 2.623675
Equal angles in compression

X/Y axis E= K= L= rv=

2.00E+05 1 2500 27.2
(KL/r)= 91.91176 233.7

V axis K= L= rv=
1 2000 17.5 for angle:Y axis must be taken as axis of sym (u axis) and x axis is v
(KL/r)= 114.2857 fex= 151.1 y

U axis K= L= ru= v
1 2000 34.3
(KL/r)= 58.30904 fey= 580.6 x

maxKL/r= 114.2857 1
Cw= 3.11E+07 J= 6.24E+04 A= 1710
ro= 48.5 Ω= 6.32E-01 fy= 350 u

fez= 1198.3

feyz= 469.3 0
fey  fez  4fey fez  Ω

feyz   1 1 
fe= 151.1 2Ω   fey  fez  
2

for torsional flexural buckling λ= 1.522 λ=(fy/fe)^0.5
 π 2 E Cw  1
for flexural buckling λ= 1.522 λ=Kl/r*(fy/fe)^0.5 fez   2 2
 G .J  2
 KZ LZ  A  ro
Cr= 188.6 based on critical λ= 1.521812
Determine the resistance of a 180 x 70 PFC with an eff Lx and Ly of 3000mm

180*70 PFC
fy= 350
Y axis E= K= L= ry=
200000 1 3000 21.8 for channel:Y axis must be taken as axis of sym (x axis) and X axis is y
(KL/r)= 137.6147 fex= 104.2
y
X axis K= L= rx= 104.2318
1 3000 71 Lz=
(KL/r)= 42.25352 fey= 1105.6 2500

maxKL/r= 137.6147 <200 x

Cw= 6.52E+09 J= 8.23E+04 A= 2.68E+03
xo= 43.5 yo= 0 rx= 71 ry= 21.8
ro= 86.07259 Ω= 7.45E-01
fez= 422.9

feyz= 374.0
fey  fez  
4fey fez  Ω
feyz   1 1 
fe= 104.2 2Ω   fey  fez  
2

λ= 1.832 λ=(fy/fe)^0.5
 π 2 E Cw  1
fez   2 2
 G .J  2
 KZ LZ  A ro
Cr= 219.8 based on critical λ= 1.832