Extended – Variation

1.0 Objective

2.0 Concepts of variation

𝑄1 ∝ 𝑄2

2.1 Direct variation (linear relationships)

 2.1.1 Group discussion 1
Questions:

Solutions:
 2.1.2 Task 1
Questions:
𝑦 is proportional to 𝑥, and 𝑦 = 30 when 𝑥 = 6.
a. Find the formula for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥.
b. Find the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 8.
c. Find the value of 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 7.

Solutions:
a)

b)

c)
 2.1.3 Group discussion 2
Questions:

PART A
If 𝑦 is directly proportional to 𝑥, complete this table. Show your workouts clearly.

Solutions: 𝑥 2 5 13
𝑦 6 15 39

PART B
A stone is dropped from the top of a cliff. The speed of the stone, 𝑣 𝑚/𝑠, varies directly with
the time, 𝑡 seconds, after it was dropped. After 5 seconds its speed is 20 𝒎/𝒔.
a. Find the formula for 𝑣 in terms of 𝑡.
b. Find the speed when 𝑡 = 3.1.
c. Find the time when 𝑣 = 24.5.

Solutions:
a.

b.

c.
 2.1.4 Task 2
PART A
If 𝑦 is directly proportional to 𝑥, complete this table. Show your workouts clearly.

Solutions: 𝑥 3 7
𝑦 56 6

PART B
A stone is dropped from the top of a cliff. The speed of the stone, 𝑣 𝑚/𝑠, varies directly with the time,
𝑡 seconds, after it was dropped. After 2 seconds its speed is 19.6 𝑚/𝑠.
a. Find the formula for 𝑣 in terms of 𝑡.
b. Find the speed when 𝑡 = 3.
c. Find the time when 𝑣 = 24.5.

Solutions:
a.

b.

c.
 2.1.5 Group discussion 2B
PART A

The extension of a spring, 𝑒 𝑐𝑚, is directly proportional to the mass, 𝑚 𝑘𝑔, that
hangs from it.

When a mass of 0.2 kg hangs from the spring its extension is 2.2 𝑐𝑚 .
1. Find the formula for 𝑒 in terms of m.
2. Find the extension when 𝑚 = 0.9.
3. Find the mass when 𝑒 = 1.43.
Solutions:
a.

b.

c.
PART B

The depth of oil, 𝑑 𝑚, in a tank varies directly with the volume, 𝑉 𝑚 , of oil that is in the tank.
3

When 𝑑 = 0.5, 𝑉 = 0.35:

d. Find the formula for 𝑑 in terms of 𝑉 .

 e. Find the depth when 𝑉 = 0.4.
f. Find the volume when 𝑑 = 0.49.

Solutions:
d.

e.

f.
 2.1.6 Quiz 1
PART A

The extension of a spring, 𝑒 𝑐𝑚, is proportional to the mass, 𝑚 𝑘𝑔, that hangs from it.
When a mass of 0.5 kg hangs from the spring its extension is 2.2 𝑐𝑚.
a. Find the formula for 𝑒 in terms of m.
b. Find the extension when 𝑚 = 0.8.
c. Find the mass when 𝑒 = 1.76.

Solutions:
a.

b.

c.
PART B

The depth of oil, 𝑑 𝑚, in a tank varies directly with the volume, 𝑉 𝑚 3 , of oil that is in the tank. When
𝑑 = 0.9, 𝑉 = 0.6:
d. Find the formula for 𝑑 in terms of 𝑉.
e. Find the depth when 𝑉 = 1.2.
f. Find the volume when 𝑑 = 0.57.

Solutions:
d.

e.

f.
2.2 Direct variation (nonlinear relationships)
𝑄1 ∝ 𝑄2 𝑛
𝑄1 = 𝑘(𝑄2 )𝑛
 2.2.1. Group discussion 3
Questions:
PART A

Solutions:

PART B
Solutions:
 2.2.2 Task 3
Questions:
Part A
𝑦 is directly proportional to the square of 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 32 when 𝑥 = 4.
a. Find the formula for 𝑦 in term of 𝑥.
b. Find the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 5.
c. Find the values of x when 𝑦 = 128.

Solutions:
a.

b.

c.

Part B
𝑦 is directly proportional to the cube of 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 108 when 𝑥 = 3.
a. Find the formula for 𝑦 in term of 𝑥.
b. Find the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 2.
c. Find the values of x when 𝑦 = 256.
Solutions:
a.

b.

c.
Part C
𝑦 is directly proportional to the square root of 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 12 when 𝑥 = 4.
a. Find the formula for 𝑦 in term of 𝑥.
b. Find the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 6.25.
c. Find the value of x when 𝑦 = 48.
Solutions:
a.

b.

c.

Part D
If 𝑦 varies directly as the cube of 𝑥 . Complete this table.

Solutions:
𝑥 1 2
𝑦 16 250
 2.2.3 Group discussion 4
Questions:
The energy (𝐸) stored in a spring is directly proportional to the square of the extension (𝑒).
Given that 𝐸 = 300 and 𝑒 = 5.
a. Find the formula for 𝐸 in terms of 𝑒.
b. Find the value of 𝑬 when 𝑒 = 2.5.

Solutions:
a. 𝐸 = 𝑘𝑥 2
Find the unknown k?
We can sub. (5, 300)
300 = 𝑘 (5)2
300
𝑘=
25
= 12

∴ 𝐸 = 12𝑥 2

b. Sub. 𝑒 = 2.5
𝐸 = 12(2.5)2
= 75
 2.2.4 Task 4
Questions:
Part A

The breaking distance, 𝑑 𝑚, of a car is proportional to the

square of the speed, 𝑣 𝑚𝑝ℎ.
Given that 𝑑 = 6 when 𝑣 = 20.
a. Find the formula for 𝑑 in term of 𝑣.
b. Find the value of 𝑑 when 𝑣 = 40.

Solutions:
a.

b.

Part B
The air resistance (𝑅) to a car varies directly with the square of the speed (𝑣).
Given that 𝑣 = 40 when 𝑅 = 3200.
a. Find the formula for 𝑅 in term of 𝑣.
b. Find the value of 𝑅 when 𝑣 = 35.

Solutions:
a.

b.
 2.3 Inverse variation (nonlinear relationships)

1
𝑄1 ∝
𝑄2
1
𝑄1 = 𝑘 ( )
𝑄2
𝑘
𝑄1 =
𝑄2

2.3.1 Group discussion 5

Questions:
Part A
𝑦 is inversely proportional to 𝑥 .
Given that 𝑦 = 8 and 𝑥 = 2.
a. Find the formula for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥.
b. Find the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 4.
c. Find the value of 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 0.5.
Solutions:

Part B

𝑦 is inversely proportional to 𝑥 .
a. Find the formula for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥.
b. Find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏.

Solutions:
 2.3.2 Task 5
Questions:
Part A
𝑦 is inversely proportional to 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 3 when 𝑥 = 2.
a. Find the formula for 𝑦 in terms of 𝑥.
b. Find the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 6.
c. Find the value of 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 1.5.

Solutions:
a.

b.

c.

Part B
If 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥. Complete the table.

Solutions: 𝑥 2 4
𝑦 18 6

Part C
The time taken, 𝑡 hours, to build a brick wall is inversely
proportional to the number of men, 𝑛, that build the wall. Given
that 𝑡 = 12 when 𝑛 = 2.
a. Find the formula for 𝑡 in terms of 𝑛.
b. Find the value of 𝑡 when 𝑛 = 3.
c. Find the value of 𝑛 when 𝑡 = 4.

Solutions:
a.

b.

c.