columns

T-200 – Distillation Column

Stream Description Chlorobenzene

Stream Number 15
Temperature (T) 136.5 °C
Pressure (P) 101.325 kPa
3822.53714129474 kg C6H5Cl/hr
Product (Chlorobenzene) Mass Flow 30.56-ton C6H5Cl/day

Design Pressure (DP) = 1.5(P) (Chapter 14, Page 532, Towler)

= 1.10(101.325 kPa)
DP = 111.4575 kPa = 1.11 bar

Design Temperature (DT) = T + 150oC (Walas, pg. 48)

= 0 + 150oC
DT = 150oC

Column Specifications
Type of Tray Sieve Tray
Number of Theoretical Stages (N) 4 stages
Tray Efficiency (Ƞ) 0.60
Tray Spacing (TS) 0.55 m

ton

Absorber Diameter (D) =

0 .62
√
ton
day
C 4 H 10 O
%C 4 H 10 O (Chapter 16: Timmerhaus)

D
Radius (R)
=

=
=
0.62
2.89 m
√ 30.56 C H O
day 4 10
1.31

1.445 m rounded of to 1.5m

 DP⋅R
Minimum Thickness (tmin) = SE−0 .6 DP (Chapter 12:
Timmerhaus)
1.11 (1.5¯ m)
=
1103.06 −0.6¯ ¿¿
tmin = 0.01518m ≈ 20 mm

N
⋅TS
Column Height (H) = η (Chapter 13: Perry’s)
12
= (0.5 m)
0.60
H = 10 m ≈ 10 m
 T-200 – Distillation Column

Stream Description Chlorobenzene

Stream Number 15
Temperature (T) 136.5 °C
Pressure (P) 101.325 kPa
3822.53714129474 kg C6H5Cl/hr
Product (Chlorobenzene) Mass Flow 30.56-ton C6H5Cl/day

Design Pressure (DP) = 1.5(P) (Chapter 14, Page 532, Towler)

= 1.10(101.325 kPa)
DP = 111.4575 kPa = 1.11 bar

Design Temperature (DT) = T + 150oC (Walas, pg. 48)

= 0 + 150oC
DT = 150oC

Column Specifications
Type of Tray Sieve Tray
Number of Theoretical Stages (N) 12 stages
Tray Efficiency (Ƞ) 0.60
Tray Spacing (TS) 0.55 m

ton

Absorber Diameter (D) =

0 .62
√
ton
day
C 4 H 10 O
%C 4 H 10 O (Chapter 16: Timmerhaus)

D
Radius (R)
=

=
=
0.62
2.89 m
√ 30.56 C H O
day 4 10
1.31

1.445 m rounded of to 1.5m

 DP⋅R
Minimum Thickness (tmin) = SE−0 .6 DP (Chapter 12:
Timmerhaus)
1.11 (1.5¯ m)
=
1103.06 −0.6¯ ¿¿
tmin = 0.01518m ≈ 20 mm

N
⋅TS
Column Height (H) = η (Chapter 13: Perry’s)
4
= (0.5 m)
0.60
H = 3.66 m ≈ 4m
 V-100 – SEPARATOR-1

Vapor Flow Rate: 188.1 m3/h

Vapor Density: 31.33 kg/m3

Liquid Flow Rate: 3.821 m3/h

Liquid Density: 949.2 kg/m3

Design Pressure (DP) = 1.10(P) (Chapter 14, Page 532, Towler)

= 1.10(101.325 kPa)
DP = 111.4575 kPa

Design Temperature (DT) = T + 10oC (Walas, pg. 48)

= 100 + 40oC
DT = 140oC

1. The settling velocity has to be first calculated for the determination of the vessel diameter.

According to Towler, equation 16.6 on Chapter 15 page 769 can be used.

0.5
( ρl −ρv )
ut =0.07
[ ρv ]
0.5
( 949.2−31.33 )
ut =0.07 [ 31.33 ]
 m
ut =0.3789
s

According to Towler, if a demister pad is not used, the value obtained for the settling velocity

has to be multiplied by a value of 0.15 to provide a margin of safety and allow for flow surges.

However, for this vessel, a demister pad will be used as this improves the performance of the

separating vessel. Therefore,

ut =u s

2. For Gas-Liquid Separators (Vertical) the diameter can be calculated using the equation below.

From (Towler, 2013) eq. 16.7 at page 769 Chapter 13

4V v
Dv =
√( π us )
188.1
Dv =
√(
Dv =0.4190 m
4×
3600
π ×0.3789
)

3. For the height of the vessel, several values have to be calculated, as per figure 16.11 of

Towler, Chapter 13 page 770, the height of the vessel can be analyzed as

Dv
H= + D v +h v +0.4
2

0.4190
H= +0.4190+5.23+0.4
2

H=6.25m

*0.4 is the minimum height of demister pad

* ℎ𝑣 is the depth inside by the liquid with 10 minutes minimum holdup

For ℎ𝑣,

volume held
h v=
π 2
D
4 v

4.324
× 10× 60
3600
h v=
π
( 0.4190 )2
4

h v =5.23 m

4. For the inlet height, it can be calculated through,

Dv
Inlet H= + hv
2

0.4190
Inlet H= +5.23
2

Inlet H=5.44 m
 V-101 – SEPARATOR-2

Vapor Flow Rate: 86.17 m3/h

Vapor Density: 66.64 kg/m3

Liquid Flow Rate: 3.085 m3/h

Liquid Density: 1009 kg/m3

Design Pressure (DP) = 1.10(P) (Chapter 14, Page 532, Towler)

= 1.10(3431 kPa)
DP = 3774.1 kPa

Design Temperature (DT) = T + 10oC (Walas, pg. 48)

= 0 + 10oC
DT = 10oC

1. The settling velocity has to be first calculated for the determination of the vessel diameter.

According to Towler, equation 16.6 on Chapter 15 page 769 can be used.

0.5
( ρl −ρv )
ut =0.07
[ ρv ]
0.5
( 1009−66.64 )
ut =0.07 [ 66.64 ]
 m
ut =0.2632
s

According to Towler, if a demister pad is not used, the value obtained for the settling velocity

has to be multiplied by a value of 0.15 to provide a margin of safety and allow for flow surges.

However, for this vessel, a demister pad will be used as this improves the performance of the

separating vessel. Therefore,

ut =u s

2. For Gas-Liquid Separators (Vertical) the diameter can be calculated using the equation below.

From (Towler, 2013) eq. 16.7 at page 769 Chapter 13

4V v
Dv =
√( π us )
86.17
Dv =
√(
Dv =0.3403 m
4×
3600
π ×0.2632
)

3. For the height of the vessel, several values have to be calculated, as per figure 16.11 of

Towler, Chapter 13 page 770, the height of the vessel can be analyzed as

Dv
H= + D v +h v +0.4
2

0.3403
H= +0.3403+5.65+0.4
2

H=6.56 m

*0.4 is the minimum height of demister pad

* ℎ𝑣 is the depth inside by the liquid with 10 minutes minimum holdup

For ℎ𝑣,

volume held
h v=
π 2
D
4 v

0.005716
×10 ×60
3600
h v=
π
( 0.3403 )2
4

h v =5.65 m

4. For the inlet height, it can be calculated through,

Dv
Inlet H= + hv
2

0.3403
Inlet H= + 5.65
2

Inlet H=5.82 m