STEEL STRUCTURES FOR MULTISTORY

BUILDINGS
Project
WORKS:

Multi-storey steel framed structure for which input data are given (geometry,
elements, loading)

Setting the structural elements - beams and columns, connections, bracing

system.

Setting the permanent and variable loads on the structure; determination of the
loads from wind action and of the combinations of actions for design to limit
states.

Modal analysis of the structure and determination of the dynamic effects of wind
action upon the multi-storey steel structure according to EN 1991-1-4:
computation of internal forces and moments and the lateral displacements.

Composite floor beam design sustaining a composite floor made of stripped

steel sheet as decking and reinforced concrete as slab; verifications.
 Multi-storey steel framed structure
1st Stage
Input data - geometry, elements, loading

Geometry:
• 5 levels of 3.4m
• 3 spans of 6 m
• 5 bays of 6 m
• bracing system in
longitudinal and
transversal direction
 Multi-storey steel framed structure
Frame proprieties

1st Stage
Input data - geometry, elements, loading

Materials:
Steel – S355
Concrete – C20/25
 Multi-storey steel framed structure
Input data - geometry, elements,
st loading
1 Stage
 Multi-storey steel framed structure

Setting the structural elements - beams and columns, connections, bracing system
Plan view – 1 to 4 story
Setting the structural elements - beams and columns, connections, bracing system
Plan view – 5thstory
Setting the structural elements - beams and columns, connections, bracing system

Elevation view 1 and 4

 Multi-storey steel framed structure

Setting the structural elements - beams and columns, connections, bracing system
Elevation view 2 and 3
 Multi-storey steel framed structure
Bracing system
Bracing system – structural types (according to EC8 part 1 and P100)
 Multi-storey steel framed structure
Bracing system
 Input data

*Teams Location *Bracing

system
1st Team Bucharest Eccentric bracing – short link of 1m

2nd Team Iasi

3rd Team Cluj-Napoca

4th Team Timisoara

5th Team Brasov

*Teams – The students will decide the composition of the teams. Each team will not
have more than 3 students.
* Select the behaviour factor –q, according to the correspondent bracing system
 Multi-storey steel framed structure

1st Stage
Input data - geometry, elements, loading

Geometry:
• 5 levels of 3.4m
• 3 spans of 6 m
• 5 bays of 6 m
• bracing system in
longitudinal and
transversal direction
 Multi-storey steel framed structure

nd
Loads evaluation
2 Stage
Permanent loads – self weight of the structure
Variable loads – imposed loads (according to the category of use)
- snow loads
- wind loads

Accidental loads – seismic loads

Variable loads – imposed loads
Characteristic value for imposed loads – areas in residential, social,
commercial and administration buildings shall be divided into categories
according to their specific uses, shown in tab. 6.1, SR EN 1991-1-1.
Category B – office areas: according to tab. 6.2 (SR EN 1991-1-1),
imposed loads on floors, balconies and stairs in buildings included in
category B, are:
 Multi-storey steel framed structure
Additional provisions for buildings
For determining the effect of the self-weight due to movable partitions, an
equivalent uniformly distributed load! For thebe
shall roof terrace,
used the imposed
and added load willload,
to the imposed be considerate
see qk
6.3.1.2 (8).
Provided that a floor allows a lateral distribution of loads, the self-weight of movable
partitions may be taken into account by a uniformly distributed load qk which should
be added to the imposed loads of floors obtained from Table 6.2. This defined uniformly
distributed load is dependent on the self-weight of the partitions as follows:
-for movable partitions with a self-weight s 1,0 kN/m wall length: qk =0,5 kN/m2
-for movable partitions with a self-weight> 1; 2,0 kN/n1 wall length: qk =0,8 kN/m2
- for movable partitions with a self-weight> 2; 3,0 kN/m wall length: qk kN/m2
 Multi-storey steel framed structure
Snow loads – SR EN 1991-1-3

Snow loads on roofs shall be determined as follows:

S c c  .. /m
2

s .kN
Is e t 1 k

S - Snow load on the roof [kN/m2]

sk - Characteristic value of snow on the ground at the relevant site [kN/m2]
ce - Exposure coefficient
ct - Thermal coefficient
µ - snow load shape coefficient

The thermal coefficient ct should

be used to account for the
reduction of snow loads on roofs
with high thermal transmittance
ct=1.0

For roofs with parapet, where

drifting occurs, see SR EN 1991-
1-3, Annex B4.
Multi-storey steel framed structure

Snow load on the ground [kN/m2]

 Multi-storey steel framed structure
Wind loads – SR EN 1991-1-4
ce (z)
- exposure factor
qp (z)- peak velocity pressure
q (z)  q  c (z)  2
/m
..............
kN
p b e

ce (z)  1, 2  terrainIV

exposure factor

Basic wind pressure qb [ kPa]

 Multi-storey steel framed structure

• Wind pressure on vertical walls

we   c  q (z)
Iw pe,10 p

 1
Iw

cpe,10 external pressure coefficient

b5 
hb
6m

h  5  3.4m
 Multi-storey steel framed structure
ze  h
 Multi-storey steel framed structure

Wind pressure on vertical walls

Transversal direction - θ=0°

 Multi-storey steel framed structure

- Longitudinal direction - θ=0°

d=
3x
6

b=5x6m
W
7
 Multi-storey steel framed structure

Seismic load

- Define modal load combination – 1xPerm. loads+0.4Snow load+0.4xImposed loads

- Define seismic load, using the PGA of the location and the behavior factor given by the type
of the bracing system

P.G.A – according to P100/2013

 For Sap2000, use
ag  0
c
a) User coefficient: I (example: - for Iasi city – c=0.25*2.5/4=0.156)
q

or

b) response spectrum function

Select the value of behavior factor q according to the

structural type (see input data, 1st seminar).

1
Structural analysis - using a FEM softwere (SAP200, ETABS, etc.,)

Combination of actions for SLS/ULS

The combinations of actions for serviceability limit states are:
The expressions for the effects due to the combinations of actions are (see EN 1991-1-1):

Design of the braces

U.L.S.
The no-collapse requirement (ultimate limit state) under the seismic design situation is
considered to have been met if the conditions regarding resistance, ductility, equilibrium,
foundation stability and seismic joints are met.

Design of the brace

Internal forces and bending moments
NEd  ...kN
M Ed ..kNm
VEd . . kN
Cross section
h b Iy
tw Iz
tf Wpl , y
r Wpl ,z
h  2c It
A I
AV ,Z
M
Material: S355
, G  81000N / mm
2
f y 355N / mm , E  210000N / mm
2 2

Partial safety
 M 1  M 2  (according to P100, if the
factors:  M 0  internal forces
 1.0, 1.25
1.0,
are given by a seismic load  M 1  M 2  1.25 )
combinations, than  M 0  1.1,
 1.1,

Strength verifications

 Compression (SR EN 1993-1-1, p. 6.2.4)

The design value of the compression force, NEd, at each
cross-section shall satisfy:
NEd Afy
 1; where N N  ,   1.0
c,Rd pl ,Rd M0
N c,Rd M0
- The check is made for the maximum axial force:
max
N Ed
1
A

M  0

 Bending moment (SR EN 1993-1-1, p. 6.2.5)

The design value of the bending moment MEd at each cross-
section shall satisfy:
MEd
Mc,Rd 1
The design resistance for bending about y-y
axis of the cross-section is determined as
follows:

Mc,Rd  Wpl

,y  fy
 for class 1 or 2 cross-section
M pl ,
M
y,Rd
0

! The check will be made for the maximum value of the

bending moment.

1
  Shear (SR EN 1993-1-1, p.
6.2.6)
The design value of the shear force V
Ed at each cross section shall satisfy :
V
V (in the absence of torsion)
E 
d V

1
c,Rd pl,Rd
V
c,
Rd

-V Av, A - shear area

V 
z (
max
and f y/
V 3)
Ed M v,z
Ed
0
pl,Rd

- For rolled I and H profiles, the shear

area may be taken as follows:

Av,z  A  2bt f  t f (2r  tw ) - load

parallel to web
Stability
verifications

- Buckling
according to y- L  L . m
cr , y
y axis

 buckl
ing
lengt
h of
the
elem
ent

2
 Lcr , y
 brace slenderness  
y
iy
 brace relative slenderness   93.9 ,   235  235
__ y
y  , 1 fy 355

1

 imperfection factor  y  0.34 - buckling curve b

  0.5 1 
(__ 0.2)  __ 
2

y
  y y y 

 

 buckling factor: 1
y  1
y    y 
2 2
y

- Buckling according to z-z axis

 buckling length of the element Lcr ,z  L . m

Lcr ,z
 brace slenderness  
z
iz
z 235 235
 brace relative slenderness z  ,   93.9
1
 
1 , fy 355

 imperfection factor  z  0.49 - buckling curve c

 z  0.5 1  (  0.2)   2 
z z z
 

 buckling factor: 1
z  1
z    z 
2 2
z

- Lateral torsional buckling

C1  2.6

Mcr  C1  Mcr ,0

   
 2 EI Z     EIw 
2
Wpl , y  f y
LT  M 1  M cr Mcr ,0  L2
GIt L
2 
  

- buckling curve: - for h/b<2 – curve b,  LT  0.34

 - for h/b>2 – curve c,  LT  0.49

 z  0.5 1 
LT (LT  LT ,0 )    L
2


LT ,0  0.4,   0.75
 1
LT  1
  
LT
2
LT
2

LT

- interaction coefficients kyy , kzy

 Interaction factors kij for formula in 6.3.3(4), Annex B, SR EN 1993-1-

1:2006

M 2,Ed
 , M and M are the design values of bending moment in the ends of the
1,Ed 2,Ed
M 1,Ed
brace

Cmy  0.6  0.4 

1
Members which are subjected to combined bending and axial compression should
satisfy:
NEd  M y,Ed NEd M
 kyy M  1 and  kz  M y,Ed  1
N N
b, y,Rd
y,Rd b, b,z,Rd y b, y,Rd

where:
 N
Ed , M y,Ed - are the design values of the compression force and the maximum
bending moment about the y-y and z-z axis along the member
 The design buckling resistance of a compression member should be taken as:

Nb, y,Rd   y  A  f y ; and N

b,z ,Rd  z  A  f y ;
 M1  M1

 Mb, y,Rd  LT Wy, pl  f y

 
M1
 y,
z
are the reduction factors due to flexural buckling (SR EN 1993-1-1, 6.3.1)

about y-y and z-z axis

 LT - is the reduction factor due to lateral torsional buckling (SR EN 1993-1-1,
6.3.2)
 kyy , kzy - are the interaction factors (Annex B, SR EN 1993-1-1)