Oil wells perforation

Abbas Radhi Abbas

Assistant chief Engineer
2016
 Content

Introduction
Petrophysics requirement
Depth correction
Perforating guns
The Perforating methods
 Introduction

Perforation helps create a

hole in the casing through the
cement and into the
formation to form a channel
for the oil and gas to flow
from the producing formation
into the wellbore.
 Petrophysics requirement
Before select the perforation for wells ( new wells
and old wells ) must flow below information :
1. the location for the well in contour map.
2. Correlation for this well with another wells
3. Production history for wells around the well need
perforated it .
4. Well test ( PLT) for the wells around the wells need
perforated it .
5. Study all logging for the well ( open hole & cased
hole )
 Depth correction
Before run the perforation job for wells must do depth
correction by run the logs ( GR , CCL) after that do correlation for
depth with open hole GR and cased hole CCL :
 Perforating Guns

1. Casing gun
2. Expendable gun
3. Retrievable gun
4. High-shot density gun
 1-Casing gun

 Create holes in a casing string .

 Casing guns are typically 3- to 5-in. in
diameter and carry up to four perforating
charges per foot
 Allow perforation through production
casing using larger diameter gun
assembly.
 2-Expendable gun

 A perforating gun
assembly that
disintegrates upon firing,
creating finer debris.
 It is used where wellbore
restrictions allow only
limited access, as in
through-tubing
applications.
 It is relatively light and
simple in design with
phased expendable guns.
 3-Retrievable gun

 It is retrievable from the

wellbore after firing.
 It generate minimal
debris
 Minimum distortion of
the gun body to help
ensure easy retrieval.
 4-High-shot density gun

 A perforating gun have more

than four shots per foot.
 Improves the phasing, or
distribution of perforations,
around the wellbore.
 Enables improved distribution
of the perforations around the
circumference of the casing or
liner.
Perforation methods
 Perforation methods

1. Bullet Perforation
2. Jet Perforation
3. Hydraulic “Sand-jet” perforation
4. Perforation using laser technology
5. Horizontal oriented perforating system – HOPS
 1-Bullet Perforation
 Bullets lose velocity when gun clearance >0.5 in.
 Often use in a unconsolidated formations
 Cheaper to use, rarely been used today
 Bullets plug the end of the flow channel
 2-Jet Perforation

 It uses a shaped charges contained in a

perforating gun assembly.
 Gun assembly is placed in wireline, tubing or
coiled tubing, depending on the application
and the wellbore conditions.
 High-pressure jet will penetrates the casing or
liner to shoot into the reservoir formation to
form channels.
Jet Perforation
Jet Perforation
Jet Perforation
3-Hydraulic “Sand-jet” Perforation

 It uses high-pressure jetting of sand-laden fluid

through an orifice
 Short penetration range
 4-Perforating with Laser

 Conventional explosive charge perforation method

reduces the rock permeability
 Laser perforation increase the rock permeability,
hence, increase the oil or gas production rate of a
well.
Perforating with Laser
Perforating with Laser
 5-Horizontal oriented perforating system – HOPS

 Performs oriented perforating

 Incorporating a series of swiveled gun connectors
containing internal, explosive transfer devices and an
internally contained gun weighting system.
 This system incorporates a series of short gun sections
that rotate to the desired orientation, providing the
optimum shot pattern and maximizing reservoir
production.
Horizontal oriented perforating system – HOPS
Thank you