Ninevah University

Electronics Engineering College

Systems and Control Dep.

AC Machines Lab.
Experiment No.1

|| Simulation of three phase induction motor ||

Qosay moataz Jamal

2nd Stage (A)

April 20, 2020

Report:
1. Describe the simulation of three phase induction motor.
Simulation of three phase induction motor can be performed using various methods This
experiment presents modeling of three phase induction motor using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
The advantage of this technique is the simulation model can be built up systematically using
block function that exist from the library. It is a graphical, interactive program that allows
dynamic system of almost any kind to be modeled by simply drawing a block in a system.

This experiment describes a step by step model of the three-phase induction motor and its
computer simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The model is based on two-axis theory of
revolving frame transformation and takes power source and load torque as inputs and gives
speed, electromagnetic torque and stator current as the outputs.

2. Draw the equivalent circuit of a 3-phase induction motor.

The equivalent circuit of the induction motor shown below is referred to primary.
3. What is the advantage and disadvantage of induction motors?
Almost 70% of the machines used in industries now a days are 3 phase induction motors. It
works on the principle of induction where electro-magnetic field (emf) is induced in to the
rotor conductors when rotating magnetic field of stator cuts the stationary rotor conductors.
As the ac power is used in generation, transmission and distribution induction motors
occupied significant place in industrial drive applications and out rule the dc motors which
were earlier used for industrial applications.

Therefore, we will mention the advantage and disadvantage of this type of motors as shown
below:

 Advantages
a. The most important advantage of an induction motor is that its construction is quite
simple in nature. The construction of the Stator is similar in both Synchronous motors
as well as induction motors. However, a slip ring is required to feed DC Supply to the
Rotor in the case of a Synchronous Generator. These Slip rings are not required in a
Squirrel cage induction motor because the windings are permanently short circuited.
When compared with a DC Motor, the induction motor does not have Brushes and
hence, maintenance required is quite low. This leads to a simple construction.
b. The working of the motor is independent of the environmental condition. This is
because the induction motor is Robust and mechanically strong.
c. A Squirrel cage induction motor does not contain Brushes, Slip rings and
Commutators. Due to this reason, the cost of the motor is quite low. However, Slip
Rings are used in Wound type induction motor to add external resistance to the rotor
winding.
d. Due to the absence of Brushes, there are no sparks in the motor. It can also be
operated in hazardous conditions.
e. Unlike synchronous motors, a 3 phase induction motor has a high starting torque,
good speed regulation and reasonable overload capacity.
f. An induction motor is a highly efficient machine with full load efficiency varying
from 85 to 97 percent.

 Disadvantages
a. A single phase induction motor, unlike a 3 phase induction motor, does not have a
self-starting torque. Auxiliaries are required to start a single phase motor.
b. During light load conditions, the power factor of the motor drops to a very low value.
This is because during the start, the motor draws a large magnetizing current to
overcome the reluctance offered by the air gap between the Stator and the Rotor.
Also, the induction motor will take very less current from the supply main. The vector
 sum of Load current and Magnetizing current lags the voltage by around 75-80
degrees and hence, the power factor is low. Due to high magnetizing current, the
copper losses of the motor increase. This in turn leads to decrease in the efficiency of
the motor.
c. Speed control of an induction motor is very difficult to attain. This is because a 3
phase induction motor is a constant speed motor and for the entire loading range, the
change in speed of the motor is very low.
d. Induction motors have high input surge currents, which are referred to as Magnetizing
Inrush currents. This causes a reduction in voltage at the time of starting the motor.
e. Due to poor starting torque, the motor cannot be used for applications which require
high starting torque.

4. What are the two different types of rotors?

There are two designs for the rotor in an induction motor: squirrel cage and wound (slip
ring).

 squirrel cage rotor

The squirrel cage rotor consists of laminated steel in the core with evenly spaced bars
of copper or aluminum placed axially around the periphery, permanently shorted at
the ends by the end rings.
 slip ring or wound rotor
The rotor is a cylindrical core made of steel lamination with slots to hold the wires for
its 3-phase windings which are evenly spaced at 120 electrical degrees apart and
connected in a 'Y' configuration. The rotor winding terminals are brought out and
attached to the three slips rings with brushes, on the shaft of the rotor.

5. Define the slip in induction motors.

In the induction motor rotor always rotates speed less than synchronous speed. The
difference between the rotor speed (N) and the rotating magnetic flux speed (Ns) is called
slip. The induction motor slip is usually expressed as a percentage of synchronous speed (Ns)
and is represented by symbol s.

Mathematically,

Percentage slip, % s = [(Ns – N)/Ns] x 100

or Fractional slip, s = (Ns – N)/Ns

6. Discuss your result clearly and briefly.

After connecting the required blocks for this motor and running the simulation I got the same
results i was expecting to get.
I recognized that the Electromagnetic torque that induced is the same applied torque and
there is almost no losses.

References:
Power Electronics Handbook (3rd Edition), by Yahya Shakweh.

http://www.electricalpowerenergy.com/2016/12/advangates-and-disadvangatesof-ac-motors-
over-others/

https://www.electrical4u.com/induction-motor-rotor/

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-types-of-rotor-in-AC-machine

https://www.yourelectricalguide.com/2017/07/induction-motor-slip.html