Gandhi (film)

Gandhi is a 1982 biographical film based on the life of Mahatma Gandhi, who led
the nonviolent resistance movement against British colonial rule in India during
the first half of the 20th century. The film was directed by Richard
Attenborough and stars Ben Kingsley as Gandhi.[1]They both won Academy
Awards for their work on the film. The film was also given theAcademy Award
for Best Picture and won eight Academy Awards in total.
It was an international co-production between production companies in India and
the UK. The film premiered in New Delhi on 30 November 1982.

Synopsis
The film opens with a statement from the filmmakers explaining their approach
to the problem of filming Gandhi's complex life story:

“ No man's life can be encompassed in one telling... least of all Gandhi's, whose
passage through life was so entwined with his nation's struggle for freedom.
There is no way to give each year its allotted weight, to recount the deeds and
sacrifices of all the great men and women to whom he and India owe such immense
debts. What can be done is to be faithful in spirit to the record of his journey,
and to try to find one's way to the heart of the man... ”

The film begins with Gandhi's assassination on 30 January 1948, and his funeral.
After an evening prayer, an elderly Gandhi is helped out for his evening walk to
meet a large number of greeters and admirers. One of these visitors—
Nathuram Godse—shoots him point blank in the chest. Gandhi exclaims, "Oh,
God!" ("Hē Ram!" historically), and then falls dead. The film then cuts to a huge
procession at his funeral, which is attended by dignitaries from around the
world.
The early life of Gandhi is not depicted in the film. Instead, the story flashes
back 55 years to a life-changing event: in 1893, Gandhi is thrown off a South
African train for being an Indian sitting in a first-class compartment despite
having a ticket. Realising the laws are biased against Indians, he then decides to
start a non-violent protest campaign for the rights of all Indians in South
Africa. After numerous arrests and unwelcome international attention, the
government finally relents by recognizing rights for Indians, though not for the
native blacks of South Africa.
After this victory, Gandhi is invited back to India, where he is now considered
something of a national hero. He is urged to take up the fight for India's
independence (Swaraj, Quit India) from the British Empire. Gandhi agrees, and
mounts a non-violent non-cooperation campaign of unprecedented scale,
coordinating millions of Indians nationwide. There are some setbacks, such as
violence against the protesters and Gandhi's occasional imprisonment.
Nevertheless, the campaign generates great attention, and Britain faces intense
public pressure. Too weak from World War II to continue enforcing its will in
India, Britain finally grantsIndian independence. Indians celebrate this victory,
but their troubles are far from over. Religious tensions
between Hindus and Muslims erupt into nation-wide violence. Gandhi declares a
hunger strike, saying he will not eat until the fighting stops.
The fighting does stop eventually, but the country is divided by religion. It is
decided that the northwest area of India, and eastern part of India (current
day Bangladesh), both places where Muslims are in the majority, will become a
new country called Pakistan (West and East Pakistan respectively). It is hoped
that by encouraging the Muslims to live in a separate country, violence will
abate. Gandhi is opposed to the idea, and is even willing to allow Muhammad Ali
Jinnah to become the first prime minister of India, but the Partition of India is
carried out nevertheless.
Gandhi spends his last days trying to bring about peace between both nations.
He thereby angers many dissidents on both sides, one of whom finally gets close
enough to assassinate him in a scene at the end of the film that recalls the
opening.
As Godse shoots Gandhi, the film fades to black and Gandhi is heard in a
voiceover, saying "Oh God". The audience then sees Gandhi's cremation; the film
ending with a scene of Gandhi's ashes being scattered on the holy Ganga. As
this happens, we hear Gandhi in another voiceover:

“ When I despair, I remember that all through history the ways of truth and love
have always won. There have been tyrants, and murderers, and for a time they can
seem invincible, but in the end they always fall. Think of it--always. ”

As the list of actors is seen at the end, the hymn "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram"
is heard.
Cast

During pre-production, there was much speculation as to who would play the role
of Gandhi. The choice was Ben Kingsley, who is partly of Indian heritage (his
father was Gujarati and his birth name is Krishna Bhanji).

• Ben Kingsley as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

• Rohini Hattangadi as Kasturba Gandhi
• Roshan Seth as Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
• Saeed Jaffrey as Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
• Candice Bergen as Margaret Bourke-White
• Edward Fox as Brigadier General Reginald Dyer
• John Gielgud as Baron Irwin
• Trevor Howard as Judge R. S. Broomfield, the presiding judge in Gandhi's
sedition trial.
• John Mills as Lord Chelmsford
• Martin Sheen as Vince Walker, a fictional journalist based partially
on Webb Miller.
• Ian Charleson as Reverend Charles Freer Andrews
• Athol Fugard as General Jan Smuts
• Günther Maria Halmer as Dr. Herman Kallenbach
• Geraldine James as Mirabehn (Madeleine Slade)
• Alyque Padamsee as Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• Amrish Puri as Khan
• Dilsher Singh as Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Frontier Gandhi)
• Ian Bannen as Senior Officer Fields
• Richard Griffiths as Collins
• Nigel Hawthorne as Kinnoch
• Michael Hordern as Sir George Hodge
• Shreeram Lagoo as Gopal Krishna Gokhale
• Terrence Hardiman as Ramsay MacDonald
• Om Puri as Nahari
• Bernard Hill as Sergeant Putnam
• Daniel Day-Lewis as Colin, a young man who insults Gandhi and Andrews
• John Ratzenberger as American Lt. Driver for Bourke-White
 PROJECT

IN

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