GROUP PROJECT

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

COURSE CODE BFC 32602

COURSE NAME MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

IBRAHIM ADHAM BIN BADRULHISSHAM DF180212

MOHAMAD AIMAN BIN ADNAN DF180156
STUDENT NAME MOHAMAD SHAHRIL SHAFIQ BIN ISNIN DF180055
MUHAMMAD IZZUDDIN BIN AZIZ DF180120
SALMAN BIN CHE HUSSEIN DF180143

SECTION 6

LECTURER
NAME Ts. SYED BURHANUDDIN HILMI BIN SYED MOHAMAD

PROJECT MARK
NAME : IBRAHIM ADHAM BIN BADRULHISSHAM
MATRICS NO. : DF180212
IC NUMBER : 981228-14-5101
CURRENT ADDRESS : KOLEJ KEDIAMAN TUN DR. ISMAIL, UNIVERSITI TUN
HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

NAME : SALMAN BIN CHE HUSSEIN

MATRICS NO. : DF180143
IC NUMBER : 980821-02-5771
CURRENT ADDRESS : KOLEJ KEDIAMAN TUN DR. ISMAIL, UNIVERSITI
TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
NAME : MOHAMAD SHAHRIL SHAFIQ BIN ISNIN
MATRICS NO. : DF1801055
IC NUMBER : 980116-07-5271
CURRENT ADDRESS : KOLEJ KEDIAMAN TUN DR. ISMAIL, UNIVERSITI
TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

NAME : MOHAMAD AIMAN BIN ADNAN

MATRICS NO. : DF180156
IC NUMBER : 981003-02-6881
CURRENT ADDRESS : KOLEJ KEDIAMAN TUN DR. ISMAIL, UNIVERSITI TUN
HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
NAME : MUHAMMAD IZZUDDIN BIN AZIZ
MATRICS NO. : DF180120
IC NUMBER : 980626-03-6061
CURRENT ADDRESS : KOLEJ KEDIAMAN TUN FATIMAH, UNIVERSITI TUN
HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Mechanical system can be include as an element of infrastructure, tool and components,

heating and ventilation and others [1]. The mechanical system are one of the important roles
in the supplying of numerous services. The mechanical system cover the running of escalator,
lifts, heating, air conditioners and others. While electrical system can be include as power
supply and distribution, telecomunication, control systems and so on [1]. Every buildings
have both mechanical and electrical system and the term that be used is M&E. The M&E
system are required in every building to make the building comfortable, useful, well-design
and safe. The example of M&E system such as building control system, energy distribution,
escalator and lifts, fire safety, HVAC, security and alarm system and so on.

In this project, students must conduct a case study on the system which are mechanical
ventilation system, electrical supply and active fire protection system. Mechanical ventilation
systems define as a system that produce better air quality in the building by extracting stale air
or supply fresh air into the building [2]. Electrical supply system is a system that generated
electrical energy from power generator to the whole buildings [3]. Nevertheless, building
structure must be known before the electrical supply system can be planned and designed.
Active fire protection system is required a certain amount of motion and response in order to
work efficiently in case the fire occur. The motion or action that operated may be either in
automatic such as sprinkle or manually such as fire extinguisher.
2.0 MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM

2.1 Background

Ventilation is necessary for every building as it helps to remove “stale” air and replace
it with fresh air. There are two types of ventilation that is natural and mechanical ventilation.
Natural ventilation helps to improve ventilation cycle based on natural support. Moreover
natural ventilation is on based providing fresh air to a building through openings such as
windows and doors. The way it works will depend on the type of the openings and the layout
of the building. On the other hand mechanical ventilation can be retrofitted to almost every
house and a large number of commercial premises to promote fresh air into spaces and then
remove any latent heat. The big issue with natural ventilation is that with glazing causes solar
gain and in the summer months if this is excessive, it can cause local discomfort. In this case,
mechanical ventilation would be more effective because it provides a more homogeneous
effect due to a more even distribution of air.

Figure 1: Balance Ventilation

2.2 Main component

Usually in commercial developments, mechanical ventilation is typically driven by air

handling units (AHU) connected to ductwork within the building that supplies air to and
extracts air from interior spaces.Typically AHU comprise an insulated box that forms
the housing for; filter racks or chambers, a fan (or blower), and sometimes heating elements,
cooling elements, , cooling elements, sound attenuators and dampers. In some situations, such
as in swimming pools, air handling units might include dehumidification. Mostly main
component that consist in mechanical ventilations are:

 Fan – Provide motive for air movement. Based on types, size shapes, speed number of
blades.
 Filter- helps to filter out air that contains dust or external substances and makes the air
more fresh.
 Ductwork -  collection of tubes that distributes the heated or cooled air to the different
rooms.
 Fire dampers - prevent the spread of fire inside the ductwork through fire-resistance
rated walls and floors.
 Diffusers -  device for reducing the velocity and increasing the static pressure of a
fluid passing through a system

2.3 How mechanical ventilation systems works

Mechanical ventilation also works based on its climate:

 Supply Ventilation Systems-Hot or Mixed Climates. Fresh air is drawn in through an

air “intake” vent and distributed to many rooms by a fan and duct system. A fan and
set of ducts dedicated solely to ventilation can be used, or an outside air intake can be
connected to the main return air duct, allowing the heating and cooling system’s fan
and ducts to distribute the fresh air. The benefit of connecting to the return air duct is
that outdoor air can be air conditioned or dehumidified before it is introduced into the
home. Because supply systems continually introduce outdoor air, a home can become
slightly pressurized. As a result, these systems are typically not appropriate for cold
climates where there is a risk of heated indoor air being pushed through any remaining
 holes and cracks in the construction assembly where it could reach cold exterior
surfaces, condense, and cause moisture problems.
 Exhaust Ventilation Systems-Cold Climates. Indoor air is continuously exhausted to
the outdoors with one or more fans often located in bathrooms. Because indoor air is
continually drawn out, the home becomes slightly depressurized. As a result, these
systems are typically not appropriate for hot, humid climates where there is a risk of
drawing hot outdoor air into remaining holes and cracks in the construction assembly
where it could reach cool interior surfaces, condense, and cause moisture problems.
 Balanced Ventilation Systems-All Climates. With these systems, equal quantities of
air are brought into and sent out of the home. This is usually achieved using two fans
—one to bring fresh air in and another to send indoor air out. The two most common
systems are “heat recovery” ventilation (commonly referred to as HRV) and “energy
recovery” ventilation (commonly referred to as ERV). HRVs transfer heat from
exhaust air to incoming air during the heating season and from incoming air to exhaust
air in the air conditioning season to reduce the heating and cooling load and improve
comfort. ERVs transfer heat and moisture between the exhaust air and incoming air.
This provides additional savings in the summer by reducing the moisture content of
the incoming air that would otherwise have to be dehumidified with the cooling
equipment or a dehumidifier. ERVs also provide additional comfort in the winter by
adding moisture from the outgoing air to the incoming air to help avoid excessively
dry indoor conditions.
2.4 Example of Mechanical Drawing Layout
2.5 HVAC system symbol

Figure 2: HVAC System Symbol

3.0 ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.1 Background

Fire protection system is a must for every building that had high capacity visitor daily.
There is basically two type of fire protection system which is active and passive fire system.
This project will be focused on active fire protection (AFP) system. AFP is one of the part of
fire protection system. It is characterized by the item or system that needed further action and
response in order for it’s to function. Active fire system is completely difference from passive
fire protection as the passive fire protection only helping in delaying the spreading of fire
burning while active fire protection helps in to put down the fire before its continue to burn
the building. Basically, there is two type of AFP system which are:

i. Fire Detection System

ii. Fire Suppression System

3.2 Fire Detection System

Fire detection system is designed to identify unwanted presence of fire by monitoring

environmental changes associated with combustion. There are two types of fire detection
systems which is:

i. Manually fire detection system

Manually call
Fire Detection Manual call point/
Fire Occurrence Alarm Trigger fire
Devices Break glass/ Phone
Department

ii. Automatic fire detection system

Detected on control Automatic

Fire Occurrence Automatic detector/ Fire alarm trigger panel (shows fire connected to fire
Heat detector location) Department
3.2.1 Main Component of Fire Detection System

 Alarm
 Manual call point
 Detector (smoke, thermal / heat or flame

Figure 3: Example of fire detection component

3.3 Fire Suppression System

A fire suppression system is a built up system that are functioned to extinguish fires through

the application of a substance. Usually, fire suppression system had a built-in component that
can detect fires from the early beginning through heat and smoke. Fire suppression system
works along with the fire detection system to rise up public safety. This system are governed
by the codes under the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association). There is three types of
fire suppression system which are:

i. Fire Extinguisher
 Portable fire extinguisher
 Automatic fire extinguisher
 Sprinkler system - Wet Pipe System
- Dry Pipe System
 Gas / Foam system
ii. Hydrants
 Hose reel
 Wet riser
 Dry riser
 Foam riser
iii. Smoke Extraction & Ventilation
3.3.1 Main Component of Fire Suppression System
1) Fire Extinguisher
i. Portable Fire Extinguishers
Figure 4: Example of fire extinguisher
ii. Automatic fire extinguisher
Wet Pipe System Dry Pipe System
 When an automatic sprinkler is  When one or more of the automatic
exposed for a sufficient time to a
temperature at or above the
temperature rating, the heat sensitive
element (glass bulb or fusible link)
releases, allowing water to flow
from that sprinkler.
 Installed more often than all other
types of fire sprinkler systems.
 Most reliable, because they are
simple, with the only operating
components being the automatic
sprinklers and (commonly, but not
always) the automatic alarm check
valve.
 Provides water under pressure to the
 Work as a first line of defence to
cope with fires of limited size.
Needed even when a facility is
equipped with automatic
sprinklers, standpipe and hose, or
other fixed protection equipment.
sprinklers is exposed to for a
sufficient time to a temperature at or
above the temperature rating, it
opens, allowing the air in the piping
to vent from that sprinkler.
 Each sprinkler operates individually.
 As the air pressure in the piping
drops, the pressure differential
across the dry pipe valve changes,
allowing water to enter the piping
system.
 Water flow from sprinklers needed
to control the fire is delayed until the
air is vented from the sprinklers.
 For this reason, dry pipe systems are
system piping. usually not as effective as wet pipe
systems in fire control during the
initial stages of the fire.

Figure 5: Typical Wet Pipe Sprinkler System

Figure 6: Typical Dry Pipe System

iii. Gas/ Foam System

 Gas or foam water fire
sprinkler system
discharging a gas such
 as CO2 or mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrate,
resulting in a foam spray from the sprinkler.
 These systems are usually used with special hazards occupancies
associated with high challenge fires.

2) Hydrants
Figure 7: Typical Gas/ Foam System

Figure 8: Typical fire Hydrants System

iv. Smoke Extraction and Ventilation System

Purpose of smoke
extraction and
ventilation system are:
 To aid fire control by
eliminating smoke, heat,
toxic and inflammable
gasses from the source
of fire
 To retain visibility of
escapers
 To provide clear access for firefighters

Figure 9: Typical Smoke Extraction

Method
3.4 How Active Fire Protection Work

Try put down the

Smoke and Heat
Fire Start fire using Fire
Rise
Extinguisher

Smoke Detector Smoke Extraction

Alarm Activate and Heat Detector and Ventilation
detect System works

Call Point
Sprinkler System
Activate Connect with Fire
Department

Figure 10: Layout plan for Active Fire Protection System office building.
3.5 Brief Schematic Drawings of the Active Fire Protection System

Figure 11: 3-Dimensional schematic drawing generated from AutoCad (SW Isometric
View)

Figure 12: 3-Dimensional schematic drawing generated from AutoCad (SE Isometric
View)
Figure 13: 3-Dimensional schematic drawing generated from AutoCad (NE Isometric
View)
4.0 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM

4.1 Background

The process of energy creation starts by collecting the source, whether it be a

traditional fossil fuel or a renewable source, such as wind or solar. Energy can be
harnessed from these sources in a number of ways. For example, a power plant can use a
furnace to burn fossil fuels to release energy. Or turbines can be used to turn renewable
energy like wind into energy that can be used to power our homes.

We may have heard of something called a power grid. This is really the connection of
the power plants, power lines, transformers and everything else needed to transfer energy
from place to place. In essence, the grid helps ensure the right amount of power is being
distributed to the right places.

When we walk around our neighbourhood or are driving along the highway, we
probably can spot power lines. They’re so prevalent that it’s easy to ignore them, despite their
important purpose. These power lines connect homes and businesses to the grid and can
transfer electricity over long distances. Once in our home, the electricity is distributed
through our wiring system, allowing we to turn power on and off throughout our house as we
need it.

4.2 Main Component of The System

An electrical supply system has three main components, the generating stations, the
transmission lines and distribution systems. Power generating stations produce electricity at a
comparatively lower voltage level. Producing electricity at lower voltage level is economical
in many aspects.
 The step-up transformers connected at the beginning of the transmission lines,
increase the voltage level of the power. Electrical transmission systems then transmit this
higher voltage electrical power to the possible nearest zone of load centres. Transmitting
electrical power at higher voltage levels is advantageous in many aspects. High voltage
transmission lines consist of overhead and underground electrical conductor. The step-down
transformer connected at the end of the transmission line decrease the voltage of electricity to
the desired low values for distribution purposes. The distribution systems then distribute the
electricity to various consumers according to their required voltage levels.

We usually adopt AC system for generation, transmission and distribution purposes.

For Ultra High Voltage transmission we often use DC transmission system. The transmission
and distribution both networks can be either overhead or underground. As the underground
system is much more expensive than an overhead system, the latter is preferable wherever
possible from the economic point of view. We use three phase 3 wire system for AC
transmission and three phase 4 wire system for AC distribution.

4.3 Working Principle Of The System

The entire arrangement from where the electrical power is being generated to the place
where it is being utilized is called power system. It consist of few stages named Generation,
Transmission, Distribution and Utilization.

 Generation : The AC electric power is generated by rotation of turbine in case of

thermal, nuclear, hydro, gas or wind power plant. through the mechanism and
arrangement AC electric power is generated at the voltage levels of 11 kV, 13.2 kV,
25 kV etc.
 Transmission : To transmit the electrical power at long distance HVDC is preferred
and for short and medium distance HVAC is preferred. The voltage is brought to
higher level by means of power transformer. High Voltage level are kept to reduce the
transmission losses. HVAC transmission offers less initial cost and higher
transmission losses, whereas HVDC transmission offers less transmission losses,
higher stability and higher initial cost.
 Distribution : Where voltage profile is maintained constant and Primary consumers
like commercial and industrial loads are fed from 11 kV, 6.6 kV, 440 V etc. and
secondary consumers like domestic loads are fed from 230 V.
 Utilization : Finally, the electric power, which was generated at remote station was
brought to the load through all these stages, where this electric power will be
converted mostly in mechanical motion, heating, illumination etc
5.0 LAYOUT AND SCHEMATIC DRAWING FOR EACH SYSTEM

5.1 Mechanical Ventilation

Figure 14: Layout plan for house ventilation

Figure 15: 3-Dimensional schematic drawing generated from AutoCad (SW Isometric
View)

Figure 16: 3-Dimensional schematic drawing generated from AutoCad (SE Isometric
View)

Figure 17: 3-Dimensional schematic drawing generated from AutoCad (NW Isometric
View)
Figure 18: 3-Dimensional schematic drawing generated from AutoCad (NE Isometric
View)
5.2 Active Fire Protection System

Figure 19: Layout plan for

Active Fire Protection System office building

Figure 20: 3-Dimensional schematic drawing generated from AutoCad (SW Isometric
View)
Figure 21: 3-Dimensional schematic drawing generated from AutoCad (SE Isometric
View)

Figure 22: 3-Dimensional schematic drawing generated from AutoCad (NE Isometric
View)
 Figure 23: 3-Dimensional schematic drawing generated from AutoCad (NW Isometric
View)

5.3 Electrical Supply System

Figure 24: Layout plan for Electrical Supply System of clinic

6.0 CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, all type of supply system such as mechanical ventilation system,

active fire protection system and electrical supply system are very important to any building.
Ventilation system are very important for every building because it helps to remove stale air
and replace it with fresh air to entire building to make people in that building feeling
comfortable. Mechanical system is divided into three type which are supply ventilation
system, exhaust ventilation system and balance ventilation system. All these three types of
ventilation used for different type of climates.

Other than that, fire protection system is also very important system that must for
every building. This is because accidents happen unexpectedly. So, every building must be
preparing for any kind of accidents. There are two types of active fire protection which is fire
detection system and fire suppression system. Fire detection system can be divided into two
types which are manual fire detection and automatic fire detection. Fire suppression system
can be divided into three type which are fire extinguisher, hydrants and smoke extraction and
ventilation.

Last but not least, the electrical supply is also very important to any building in this
world. Electrical supply system has three main component which are the generation,
transmission and distribution system. All these three types of system have their own
importance. Without all these systems, a building cannot be occupied.
7.0 REFERENCES
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https://www.bpcventilation.com/blog/what-is-a-mechanical-ventilation-system

2. Designing Buildings. (2020, June 5). Retrieved from

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk:
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/M&E#:~:text=Mechanical%20systems
%20can%20include%20elements,control%20systems%20and%20so%20on.

3. Electrical4U. (2019, July 14). Retrieved from https://www.electrical4u.com/:

https://www.electrical4u.com/electric-supply-system/

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