Zengid dynasty

The Zengid or Zangid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Oghuz

Turk origin,[1] which ruled parts of the Levant and Upper Zengid dynasty
Mesopotamia on behalf of the Seljuk Empire. The dynasty was ‫زﻧﻜﻴﻮن‬
founded by Imad ad-Din Zengi.
1127–1250

Contents
History
Zengid rulers
Zengid Atabegs and Emirs of Mosul
Zengid Emirs of Aleppo Zengid Dynasty at its greatest extent
Zengid Emirs of Damascus Status Vassal of the
Zengid Emirs of Sinjar Seljuk Empire
Zengid Emirs of al-Jazira (in Northern Iraq) Capital Aleppo
See also Common languages Oghuz Turkic
References Arabic

Sources Religion Sunni Islam

Shia Islam
Government Emirate
History Emir
• 1127–1146 Imad ad-Din
Zengi, son of Aq Sunqur al-Hajib, became the Seljuk atabeg of Zengi (first)
• 1241–1250 Mahmud Al-
Mosul in 1127.[2] He quickly became the chief Turkish
Malik Al-Zahir
potentate in Northern Syria and Iraq, taking Aleppo from the (last reported)
squabbling Artuqids in 1128 and capturing the County of
History
Edessa from the Crusaders after the siege of Edessa in 1144.
This latter feat made Zengi a hero in the Muslim world, but he • Established 1127
was assassinated by a slave two years later, in 1146.[3] • Disestablished 1250
Currency Dinar
On Zengi's death, his territories were divided, with Mosul and
his lands in Iraq going to his eldest son Saif ad-Din Ghazi I, and Preceded by Succeeded
Aleppo and Edessa falling to his second son, Nur ad-Din, atabeg by
of Aleppo. Nur ad-Din proved to be as competent as his father. Great Seljuq Ilkhanate
In 1149 he defeated Raymond of Poitiers, Prince of Antioch, at Empire Ayyubids
the battle of Inab, and the next year conquered the remnants of County of
the County of Edessa west of the Euphrates.[4] In 1154 he Edessa
capped off these successes by his capture of Damascus from the
Burid dynasty that ruled it.[5]

Now ruling from Damascus, Nur ad-Din's success continued. Another Prince of Antioch, Raynald of
Châtillon was captured, and the territories of the Principality of Antioch were greatly reduced. In the 1160s,
Nur ad-Din's attention was mostly held by a competition with the King of Jerusalem, Amalric of Jerusalem,
for control of the Fatimid Caliphate. Ultimately, Nur ed-Din's Kurdish general Shirkuh was successful in
conquering Fatimid Egypt in 1169, but Shirkuh's nephew and successor as Governor of Egypt, Saladin,
eventually rejected Nur ad-Din's control.[6]

Nur ad-Din was preparing to invade Egypt to bring Saladin under control when he unexpectedly died in
1174. His son and successor As-Salih Ismail al-Malik was only a child, and was forced to flee to Aleppo,
which he ruled until 1181, when he was murdered and replaced by his brother Imad al-Din Zengi II. Saladin
conquered Aleppo two years later, ending Zengid rule in Syria.

Zengid princes continued to rule in Northern Iraq well into the 13th century, ruling Mosul until 1234; their
rule did not come finally to an end until 1250.

Zengid rulers

Zengid Atabegs and Emirs of Mosul

See Rulers of Mosul.

Zengi, 1127-1146
Sayf al-Din Ghazi I, son of Zengi, 1146-1149
Qutb al-Din Mawdud, son of Zengi, 1149-1170
Sayf al-Din Ghazi II, son of Qutb al-Din Mawdud, 1170-1180
Izz al-Din Mas'ud, son of Qutb al-Din Mawdud, 1180-1193
Nur al-Din Arslan Shah I, son of Izz al-Din Mas'ud, 1193-1211
Izz al-Din Mas'ud II, son of Nur al-Din Arslan Shah I, 1211-1218
Nur al-Din Arslan Shah II, son of Izz al-Din Mas'ud II, 1218-1219
Nasir ad-Din Mahmud, son of Izz al-Din Mas'ud, 1219–1234.

Mosul was taken over by Badr al-Din Lu'lu', atabeg to Nasir ad-Din Mahmud, whom he murdered in 1234.

Zengid Emirs of Aleppo

See Rulers of Aleppo.

Zengi, 1128-1146
Nur al-Din, son of Zengi, 1146-1174
As-Salih Ismail al-Malik, son of Nur al-Din, 1174-1181
Imad al-Din Zengi II, son of Nur al-Din, 1181–1183.

Aleppo was conquered by Saladin in 1183 and ruled by Ayyubids until 1260.

Zengid Emirs of Damascus

See Rulers of Damascus.

Nur al-Din, son of Zengi, 1154-1174

As-Salih Ismail al-Malik, son of Nur al-Din, 1174.
Damascus was conquered by Saladin in 1174 and ruled by Ayyubids until 1260.

Zengid Emirs of Sinjar

See Sinjar, Islamic Era.

Imad al-Din Zengi II, son of Nur al-Din, 1171-1197

Qutb ad-Din Muhammad, son of Zengi II, 1197-1219

Imad al-Din Shahanshah, son of Qutb ad-Din Muhammad, 1219-1220

Jalal al-Din Mahmud (co-ruler), son of Qutb ad-Din Muhammad, 1219-1220
Fath al-Din Umar (co-ruler), son of Qutb ad-Din Muhammad, 1219–1220.

Sinjar was taken by the Ayyubids in 1220 and ruled by al-Ashraf Musa, Ayyubid emir of Diyar Bakr. It later
came under the control of Badr al-Din Lu'lu', ruler of Mosul beginning in 1234.

Zengid Emirs of al-Jazira (in Northern Iraq)

See Upper Mesopotamia, Islamic Empires.

Mu'izz al-Din Sanjar Shah, son of Sayf al-Din Ghazi II, 1180-1208
Mu'izz al-Din Mahmud, son of Mu'izz al-Din Sanjar Shah, 1208-1241
Mahmud al-Malik al-Zahir, son of Mu'izz al-Din Mahmud, 1241–1250.

In 1250, al-Jazira fell under the domination of an-Nasir Yusuf, Ayyubid emir of Aleppo.

See also
List of Emirs of Mosul
List of Sunni Muslim dynasties

References
1. Bosworth 1996, p. 191.
2. Ayalon 1999, p. 166.
3. Irwin 1999, p. 227.
4. Hunyadi & Laszlovszky 2001, p. 28.
5. Asbridge 2012, p. 1153.
6. Stevenson 1907, p. 194.

Sources
Asbridge, Thomas (2012). The Crusades: The War for the Holy Land. Simon & Schuster.
Ayalon, David (1999). Eunuchs, Caliphs and Sultans: A Study in Power Relationships. Hebrew
University Magnes Press.
Bosworth, C.E. (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical
Manual. New York: Columbia University Press.
 Hunyadi, Zsolt; Laszlovszky, József (2001). The Crusades and the Military Orders. Central
European University.
Irwin, Robert (1999). "Islam and the Crusades 1096-1699". In Riley-Smith, Jonathan (ed.). The
Oxford History of the Crusades. Oxford University Press.
Stevenson, William Barron (1907). The Crusaders in the East. Cambridge University Press.
Taef El-Azharii (2006). Zengi and the Muslim Response to the Crusades, Routledge, Abington,
UK.

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