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4 Shear and Moment Daigrams Graphical Method
4 Shear and Moment Daigrams Graphical Method
4 Shear and Moment Daigrams Graphical Method
Distributed Load, w(x) Concentrated Load, P
Longitudinal
Axis
Span, L
25
Shear and Moment Diagrams for a Beam
In cases where a beam is subjected to several
concentrated forces, couples, and distributed
loads, plotting V and M versus x can become
quite tedious since several functions must be
plotted.
A simpler method for constructing these
diagrams is based on differential relations that
exist between the load, shear, and moment.
26
Derivation of
moment and
shear relation/
Distributed load:
Consider the free‐body diagram for a small
segment of the beam having a length ∆x
↑ 0; ∆ ∆ 0
∆ ∆
⤹ 0; ∆ ∆ ∆
∆ 0
∆ ∆ ∆ 27
Shear and Moment Diagrams for a Beam
Dividing by ∆x and taking the limit as
these equations become
28
Negative Decreasing Negative Increasing
Negative Decreasing Negative Increasing
29
30
Shear and Moment Diagrams for a Beam
Equations above can be “integrated” from one point
to another between concentrated forces or couples
Since this segment has been chosen at a point x along
the beam that is not subjected to a concentrated force
or couple, any results obtained will not apply at
points of concentrated loading 31
Derivation of moment and shear relation/
Concentrated Force and Couple Moment:
From Fig. 4–10a, letting force
equilibrium requires the change in shear to
be
Fig. 4–10
Note : when F acts downward on the beam,
∆V is negative so that the shear diagram
shows a “jump” downward. Likewise, if F
acts upward, the jump (∆V ) is upward.
32
Derivation of moment and shear relation/
Concentrated Force and Couple Moment:
From Fig. 4–10b, letting moment
equilibrium requires the change in moment to
be
Fig. 4–10
Note: In this case, if an external couple moment
is applied clockwise, ∆M is positive, so that the
moment diagram jumps upward, and when M
acts counterclockwise, the jump ∆M must be
downward. 33
EXAMPLE 4.7 The two
horizontal members of the
power line support frame are
subjected to the cable loadings
shown in Fig. 4–11a. Draw the
shear and moment diagrams for
each member.
34
EXAMPLE 4.7
Shear Diagram.
The end points x = 0, V = ‐4
kN and x = 6, V = 4 kN are
plotted first, Fig. 4–11b.
As indicated, the shear
between each concentrated
force is constant since w =
dV/dx = 0.
The shear just to the right of
point B (or C and D) can be
determined by the method
of sections, Fig. 4–11d.
35
EXAMPLE 4.7
Shear Diagram.
The shear diagram can also
be established by “following
the load” on the free‐body
diagram. Beginning at A the
4 kN load acts downward so
VA = ‐4 kN.
No load acts between A and
B so the shear is constant.
At B the 6 kN force acts
upward, so the shear jumps
up 6 kN, from ‐4 kN to +2 kN
, etc. 36
EXAMPLE 4.7
Moment Diagram.
The moment at the end
points x = 0,M = 0 and x = 6
,M = 0 is plotted first, Fig. 4–
11c.
The slope of the moment
diagram within each 1.5‐m‐
long region is constant
because V is constant.
Specific values of the
moment, such as at C, can be
determined by the method
of sections, Fig. 4–11d, 37
EXAMPLE 4.7
Moment Diagram.
Or by finding the change in
moment by the area under
the shear diagram.
, 0
, , ∆
0 4 1.5 2 1.5
38
EXAMPLE 4.7
Draw the shear and moment
diagrams for the beam in Fig.
4–12a.
Shear Diagram.
The point of zero shear can be
found by using the method of
sections from a beam segment
of length x,Fig. 4–12e.
39
EXAMPLE 4.7
We require ,
so that
1
↑ 0; 30 20 0,
2 9
5.2
Moment Diagram.
When the value of shear is
positive but decreasing ,so the
slope of the moment diagram
is also positive and decreasing
40
EXAMPLE 4.7
Moment Diagram
The maximum value of
moment is at since
0
at this point, Fig. 4–12d. From
the free‐body diagram in
Fig. 4–12e we have
⤹ 0; 30 5.2
1 5.2 5.2
20 5.2 0,
2 9 3
104 kN. m
41
EXAMPLE 4.9
Draw the shear and moment
diagrams for the beam shown
in Fig. 4–13a.
42
EXAMPLE 4.9
,
43
EXAMPLE 4.10
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for each of the
beams shown in Fig. 4–14.
44
EXAMPLE 4.11
The beam shown in the photo is used to support a
portion of the overhang for the entranceway of the
building. Draw the shear and moment diagrams for
the beam.
45
EXAMPLE 4.11
46
EXAMPLE 4.12
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
compound beam shown in Fig. 4–16a. Assume the
supports at A and C are rollers and B and E are pin
connections.
47
EXAMPLE 4.12
48