THE EXERCISE OF OPINION ESSAY: PAGE 115-118

For Submission Task to the Google Classroom

Edited by:

M. Fauzi Arrasyid

Number id:

1879202009

Lecturer:

Dr. Marwa, M.A.

Course:

Essay Writing

English Literature

Faculty of Humanities

University of Lancang Kuning

2019/2020
Rhetorical Focus
Facts and Opinions

Writers use both facts and opinions to support their positions or arguments. They state their
opinions and then back them up with facts, The difference between facts and opinions is
shown below.

A fact is a truth that is scientifically proven or generally accepted. A smartphone allows the
user to access the Internet.

An opinion is one point of view among many.

Ceil phones. are destroying people's privacy.

Exercise 3 Distinguishing facts and opinions Write F if the statement is a fact and O if it is an
opinion.

(F)1. Small aeroplanes are used in advertising.

(F)2. Solar panels allow users to get energy from sunlight.
(F)3. Many nations are working together to build and maintain the International Space
Station.
(O)4. Solar panels are ugly.
(O)5. Online courses are easier than classroom courses.

Rhetorical Focus
Interpreting Facts to Support an Opinion After the writer gives factual examples, she or he
then interprets the facts, explaining how they'support her or his opinion. Look at the example
below, which includes an opinion, factual examples, and an interpretation of the facts.

Opinion- Animals use language to communicate with each other.

Factual Examples - Arctic wolves, for example, communicate the presence of caribou
through their howls and barks. Other wolves hear the messages and are able to meet their
pack to join the hunt.
Interpretation - Clearly, if another animal can understand vocalized messages that tell it the
location of food, then that animal is using language.
Writing Process Step 3 115
Exercise 4 Interpreting facts to support opinions Read each opinion and fact below. Then
write a sentence interpreting the fact to support the opinion.

1. Opinion: The Internet takes too much time away from family life.
Fact: The average adult in the United States spends 14 hours per week on the Internet,
Those 14 hours could be spent doing family activities, such as gardening, helping children
with homework, or playing games,

2. Opinion: The government is doing an excellent job of protecting athletes from the pressure
to use performance-enhancing drugs.
Fact: Athletes are routinely tested for drug use.
Athletes are tested
Athletes who tested from drugs by government, is a form of carring from them to the athletes

3. Opinion: Going home to have a long lunch is good for a family.

Fact: According to a recent study, people who eat at home report a higher level of satisfaction
with life.
Togetherness are the key of the happiness.

4. Opinion: Phone applications are a good financial investment.

Fact: One out of every four people owns a smartphone.
There are few people that able to invest with their smartphone.

5. Opinion: People spend too much money on food.

Fact: Americans eat meals outside the home an average of five times per week.
Americans are a consumptive citizen on every aspect.

6. Opinion: Young people are too dependent on technology.

Fact: In a study of students from five countries on four continents, 80 percent of participants
reported feelings of loneliness and anxiety when they stopped using technology for 24 hours.
All anxiety for the people who are dependent on technology can be ruled out with sports or
socialization.

116 Unit 5 opinion Essays

Rhetorical Focus
Counter-Argument and Refutation

To make an opinion essay as persuasive as possible, the writer includes a counter- argument
and a refutation.

The counter-argument is the opposing opinion. It disagrees with the writer's position. By
including the counter-argument, the writer shows an understanding of other points of view.

The refutation is the writer's response to the counter-argument. In the refutation, the writer
shows why the counter-argument is weak and the writer's position is strong. The refutation
may also address doubts the reader may have about the writer's position.

Counter- argument - Many people think that a child is unhappy without brothers or sisters;
however, most only children would disagree with this statement.

Refutation - An only child receives more attention from parents, gets into fewer fights, and
has plenty of social contact with friends and classmates.

In the above example, the writer raises a counter-argument (that people think children are
unhappy without siblings). Then the writer gives a refutation-only children are not unhappy--
and then gives reasons to support the argument.

Exercise 5 Recognizing counter-arguments and refutations

Read each statement below. Then underline the counter-argument, and circle the writer's
refutation.

I. Even though many drivers love the power of a big car (smaller cars are the cars of the
future)

2. Train travel may be inexpensive and relaxing; (however, airplanes are a much More
important means of transportation because they are fast and efficient.)
3. Most people agree that a traditional home-cooked meal is best, (but they have to admit that
convenience and low cost is making fast food more popular with students.)

4. While some people believe that online courses will never be as popular as traditional
classrooms, (the demand for online instruction is increasing due to technology, cost, and
convenience.)

Writing Process Stop 3 117

5. Some people criticize credit cards for causing debt; (however, it is the irresponsibility of
consumers, not credit cards, that causes credit card debt.)

6. People often comment that technology makes life easier, (but in reality, technology only
makes it possible for people to do more work in less time.)

Exercise 6 Writing a first draft

Review your outline. Then write the first draft of an opinion essay on how a technology
benefits or harms society, Go to the Web to use the Online Writing Tutor.

Exercise 7 Peer editing a first draft A. After writing a first draft, it is helpful to get feedback
on your ideas. Exclhange essays with two other people. For each essay you read, answer the
Peer Editor's Questions on a separate piece of paper. Then discuss your responses.

Peer Editor's Questions

1. What is your favourite part of the paper?

2. What else would you like to know about the background information- in paragraph one?

3. Who do you think will agree with the writer's opinion? Who will disagree? Why?

4. What other information can you think of that the writer might not have thought about?

5. In what ways has the writer made you think about the issue?

Go to the Web to print out a peer editor's worksheet.

B. Review your feedback and the organization guidelines on page 110. Make notes tor your
revision. In this step, you may add, remove, or rewrite information to clarify your ideas.

In Writing Process Step 4 you will...

• learn about using quantity expressions.
• learn about overgeneralizations.

*learn to use connectors to show support and opposition.

* edit your first draft and write a second draft.

118 Unit 5 Opinion Essays