CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1. Introduction

Construction known as building construction which is the system and industry involved in the
assembly and erection of structures, mainly those used to provide shelter and facilities for doing
daily activities such as school, institution and sport. Even though, there have a good impact in much
aspect. However, a building construction also will affect towards community, economy and
environment. The effect of building construction towards community which is loss of peace and
quietude if the building construction near to the residential, but the economy will increase because
of construction industry further contributes to employment, household income and economic
growth. Next, the building construction give negative effect to environment which are affect wildlife
and many mores. Therefore, all the developers must apply sustainable construction approach. The
sustainable construction is to reduce the industry’s impact on the environment. This is important
because the construction industry has a huge impact on the environment and the health of people
living in construction area. So, the Green Building Index is the one of the sustainable constructions
that be require.

First of all, a Green building focuses on increasing the capability of resource use which are
energy, water, and materials while reducing building impact to human health and the environment
during the building’s lifestyle, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance,
and removal at the same time. Furthermore, the Green Buildings should be designed and worked to
reduce overall impact of the built environment on its surroundings. Next, there are five factors of
Green Buildings that must require in the project which are Green Buildings are designed to save
energy and resources, recycle materials and minimize the emission of toxic substances throughout
its life cycle. Then, Green Buildings make efficient use of resources; have significant operational
savings and increases workplace productivity. Green Buildings also harmonize with the local climate,
traditions, culture and the surrounding environment and building green sends the right message
about a company or organization that is well run, responsible and committed to the future. Lastly,
Green buildings can sustain and improve the quality of human life whilst controlling the capacity of
the ecosystem at local and global levels.

1.1 Background of project

The building industry has a significant impact on the environment although it is a vital element of
any economy. By character of its size, construction is one of the largest users of material resources,
energy, and water, and it is a formidable polluter. Furthermore, it is evaluated that by 2056 that
global economic activity will have increased fivefold, global population will have increased by over
50%, global energy expenditure will have increased nearly threefold, and global manufacturing
activity will have increased at least threefold [1,2]. The building sector is conceivable one of the
resource-intensive industries in global. More than that, the building industry promptly growing
world energy use and the use of finite fossil fuel resources has already raised concerns over supply
difficulties, exhaustion of energy resources and heavy environmental impacts likes ozone layer
depletion, global warming, climate change, and carbon dioxide emissions compared with other
industries [2].

Sustainable building application is granted as a way for the building industry to move
towards achieving sustainable progress considering environmental, socio and economic issues. In
addition, it is also a way to portray the industry’s responsibility towards protecting the environment
[3-6]. The practice of sustainable building refers to different methods in the process of instrumenting
building projects that involve less harm to the environment which are avoidance of waste
production [7], increased reuse of waste in the manufacture of building material likes waste
management [8, 9], good to the society, and valuable to the company [10-14].

In order to accomplish a sustainable future in the building industry, Asif et al. [15] suggest
endorsement of multi-disciplinary approach covering several features likes energy saving, improved
use of materials, material waste minimization, pollution and emissions control. There are many ways
in which the current nature of building activity can be restrained and improved to make it less
environmentally damaging, without reducing the useful output of building activities. Furthermore, to
create a competitive benefit using environment-friendly construction practices, the entity lifecycle of
buildings should, therefore, be the context under which these practices are carried out. More than
that, a review of literature has pinpointed three general objectives which should shape the
framework for realizing sustainable building design and construction, while keeping in mind the
principles of sustainability issues which are social, environmental and economic identified
previously. The objectives are resource conservation, cost efficiency, and design for human adaption.
These are several strategies for resolving sustainability in building construction:

1. Energy conservation
2. Material conservation
3. Water conservation
4. Land conservation
5. Initial cost
6. Cost in use
7. Recovery cost
8. Protecting human health and comfort
9. Protecting physical resources

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