‫ﺣﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻻﻧﺳﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻡ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺑﺎﺭ ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﺭﺑﻳﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺳﺎﻧﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺳﻡ ‪ : -‬ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﻛﻠﻳﺯﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ‪ : -‬ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ – ﺻﺑﺎﺣﻲ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺳﻡ ﷴ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻳﻣﻲ‬

‫ﻫﺑﻪ ﷴ ﻋﺑﺎﺱ ﺣﺳﻳﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺩﻯ ﺳﻔﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﻣﻳﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﻝ‬

‫ﺷﻳﻣﺎء ﻟﻳﺙ ﻣﺷﺣﻥ ﺧﻠﻳﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺭﻳﻡ ﻏﺎﺯﻱ ﻋﺑﺩ ﺳﻠﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎء ﺷﺎﻛﺭ ﺻﺎﺑﺭ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ‬

‫"ﺍﻥ ﺣﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻧﺳﺎﻥ ﻏﻳﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻧﺎﺯﻝ ‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﺣﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺧﺹ ﻣﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺣﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﻁﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺗﺭﺍﺑﻁﺔ ﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﻣﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻣﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻧﻁﺑﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺟﻣﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﻣﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ‬
‫‪".‬ﻣﻌﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﻳُﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺣﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﱠﻪ ﺣﻖ‬
‫ﻛ ّﻝ ﺇﻧﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﺟﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺗﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺟﺳﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﺎﻋﺗﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺎﺋﻧﺎ ً ﺣﻳﺎ ً ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﷲ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺗﺣﻖ ﺗﻛﺭﻳﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺧﺎﻟﻖ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻳﻘﻭﻝ ﷲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺣﻛﻡ ﺗﻧﺯﻳﻠﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻭ َﻟ َﻘ ْﺩ َﻛ ﱠﺭ ْﻣﻧَﺎ َﺑ ِﻧﻲ ﺁ َﺩ َﻡ( ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻋﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺃﺭﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺫّﺭ ﻣﻥ ﺟﺭﺍﺋﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺗﻝ ﺍﻟﺗﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻳﺭﺗﻛﺑﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺷﺧﺹ ﺑﺣﻖ ﺃﻱ ﺇﻧﺳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺗﺑﺭ ﺃﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻥ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄﻧﻣﺎ ﻗﺗﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﺳﺭﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫) َﻭﻻَ ﺗَ ْﻘﺗُﻠُﻭﺍ ﺃَ ْﻭﻻَ َﺩ ُﻛ ْﻡ َﺧ ْﺷ َﻳﺔَ ﺇِ ْﻣﻼَ ٍ‬
‫ﻕ ﻧﱠ ْﺣ ُﻥ ﻧ َْﺭ ُﺯﻗُ ُﻬ ْﻡ َﻭ ِﺇﻳﱠﺎ ُﻛ ْﻡ ِﺇ ﱠﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺔً‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺯﻧَﻰ ِﺇﻧﱠﻪُ َﻛﺎﻥَ َﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣ َ‬ ‫ﻁﺋﺎ ً َﻛﺑِﻳﺭﺍ ً * َﻭﻻَ ﺗَ ْﻘ َﺭﺑُﻭﺍ ِ ّ‬ ‫َﻗﺗْﻠَ ُﻬ ْﻡ َﻛﺎﻥَ ِﺧ ْ‬
‫ﻖ َﻭ َﻣﻥ‬ ‫‪ِ ُP‬ﺇﻻﱠ ِﺑ ْﺎﻟ َﺣ ّ ِ‬‫ﺱ ﺍﻟﱠ ِﺗﻲ َﺣ ﱠﺭ َﻡ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳ ِﺑﻳﻼً * َﻭﻻَ ﺗ َ ْﻘﺗُﻠُﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻧﱠ ْﻔ َ‬ ‫ﺳﺂ َء َ‬ ‫َﻭ َ‬
‫ﻁﺎﻧﺎ ً َﻓﻼ ﻳُ ْﺳ ِﺭﻑ ِﻓﻲ ْﺍﻟ َﻘﺗْ ِﻝ ﺇِﻧﱠﻪُ‬ ‫ﺳ ْﻠ َ‬
‫ﻅﻠُﻭﻣﺎ ً َﻓ َﻘ ْﺩ َﺟﻌَ ْﻠﻧَﺎ ِﻟ َﻭ ِﻟ ِﻳّ ِﻪ ُ‬‫ﻗُ ِﺗ َﻝ ُﻣ ْ‬
‫ﺻﻭﺭﺍ ً(‬ ‫َﻛﺎﻥَ َﻣﻧ ُ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﻗﻳﻣﺔ ﻣﺣﺗﺭﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻛﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻣﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻣﺣﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﺑﺗﺩﺍءﺍ ً ﻣﻥ ﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﺗﻬﺎ ًء‬
‫ﺑﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﻵﺧﺭﻳﻥ‪.‬ﻓﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻗﻳﻣﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺩﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺗﺭﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺳﺎ ٍﺩ ِﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻛﺑﻳﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ) َﻣﻥ َﻗﺗ َ َﻝ َﻧ ْﻔﺳﺎ ً ِﺑﻐَﻳ ِْﺭ ﻧَ ْﻔ ٍﺱ ﺃَ ْﻭ َﻓ َ‬
‫ﺎﺱ َﺟ ِﻣﻳﻌﺎ ً))‪((60‬‬ ‫ﺽ ﻓَ َﻛﺎَﻧﱠ َﻣﺎ َﻗﺗ َ َﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﱠ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻻَ ْﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻝ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻧﻬﺎء ﺍﻟﻭﺟﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻭﺟﻭﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﺧﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺗﻝ ﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺃﺣﺩ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻛﺄﻧﻣﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺭﺧﺹ ﻛﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ‬

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‫ﺣﺎﻓﻅﺕ ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺿﺭﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺧﻣﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﻔﻅ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻧﻔﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻧﺳﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻣﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﺩﻳﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻧﻳﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻔﻅ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺧﻣﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻫﺗﻣﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎء ﺍﻫﺗﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻳﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻣﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﻳﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻗﺑﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻳﻌﺗﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻳﺎ ً ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻭﻧﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺟﻧﺳﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺭﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺗﺩﺍء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻧﻔﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺑﺷﺭﻳﺔ ﺟﺭﻡ ﻛﺑﻳﺭ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻗﺗﻝ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ ﺟﻣﻳﻌﺎً‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻥ ﺃﺣﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻧﻔﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻛﺄﻧﻣﺎ ﺃﺣﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻧﺎﺱ ﺟﻣﻳﻌﺎً‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺑﻳﻥ ﻣﺳﻠﻡ ﻭﻏﻳﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺷﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺷﺭﻳﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺑﻳﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺣﻳﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺑﺷﺭ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺻﻭﻧﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﻝ‬
‫ﷴ ﺍﻟﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺟﺎﻣﻌﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺭﻳﺔ‬

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