Name:___________________

VC.07: Transforming 2D Integrals

Literacy

 
1. You are faced with a hand calculation of R x 2  y 2 dxdy where R is the two-dimensional region
consisting of everything inside and on the circle x 2  y 2  16 . Switch paper by using polar
coordinates x  r Cos[t ] and y  r Sin[t ] and then calculate the integral

2. You are faced with a hand calculation of R x dxdy where R is the two-dimensional region
consisting of everything bounded by the lines x  y  0, x  y  1, x  y  0, and x  y  2 .
This is just a little nasty, because doing it without going to better paper involves solving some
equations, and then doing two separate integrals. Instead, switch to paper on which you can evaluate
this with one sweet integral and calculate its value.

3. The area conversion factor Axy [u, v] is the absolute value of the determinant of a matrix composed
of what two gradient vectors?
  x 2  y / 2 2 
 
4. Here’s a plot pf the part of the surface z  e above everything inside and on the ellipse
x 2   y / 2  1 in the xy-plane.
2

By hand calculation, measure the volume,

 x 2  y / 2 2 
 
R e dxdy , of the solid whose top
skin is the surface plotted above, and whose base
is everything on the xy-plane directly below this surface,
by transforming to more favorable paper.

5.
a) Say how to linearize a function f[x, y] at a point {a, b}.

b) How well does the linearized version of f[x, y] at {a, b} approximate f[x, y] near {a, b}? Does
the quality of the approximation improve or deteriorate as you go closer and closer to {a, b}?
6. Briefly explain how linearizations can be used to come up with the formula for the area conversion
factor.

 
7. Here’s a vector field: m[ x, y], n[ x, y]   x 2  Cos[ y], e x  y 2 . Agree that R is everything inside
and on the parallelogram to the right: y

y   x, y   x  3, y  0.5x, y  0.5x  4 3.5

3.0

Transform the 2D integral R divField [ x, y] dxdy 2.5

to more favorable uv-paper to measure the net flow

2.0
of this vector field across the parallelogram.
1.5

Is the net flow of this vector field across the boundary 1.0

of this parallelogram from outside to inside or inside to outside? 0.5

x
2 1 0 1 2
  
8. Here’s a vector field: m[ x, y], n[ x, y]   y  22 , x  y . Agree that R is everything inside and on
the parallelogram in the last problem. Transform the 2D integral R rotField [ x, y] dxdy to more
favorable uv-paper to measure the net flow of this vector field along the parallelogram.

Is the net flow of this vector field along this parallelogram clockwise or counterclockwise?

2 2
 x  y
9. When you start with the ellipse       r 2 on xy-paper and you go to uv-paper using
a b
x y
u[ x, y]  , and v[ x, y]  , then the xy-ellipse plots out as the circle u 2  v 2  r 2 . On uv-paper,
a b
the area enclosed by this circle measures out to  r 2 . Calculate the area conversion factor Auv [ x, y] ,
and use the result to explain why the xy-area measurement of the region enclosed by the ellipse
2 2
 x  y
      r is  a b r .
2 2

a b
REVIEW
10. Which do you think will be larger, the average value of f ( x, y)  xy over the square 0  x  1 ,
0  y  1, or the average value of f over the quarter circle x 2  y 2  1 in the first quadrant? Calculate
them to find out.

11. Find the centroid of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the x-axis, the parabola y 2  2 x
and the line x  y  4 .
 4 y 2
x 
2
12. Evaluate  
2
 y 2 dxdy
0 0

13. Let R be the region in the first quadrant bounded by xy  1, xy  9, y  x, y  4 x . Evaluate

 x 
R   xy  dxdy
 y 