Smart Green House

SMART GREEN HOUSE CONTROL & MONITORING
SYSTEM
Shaheer Ahmed Tarazi

Aftab Haider
Kiramat Aziz
Muhammad Areeb Usama
Supervised By
Engr. Saima Zaheer
Submitted for the partial fulfillment of BE Electrical Engineering degree to the

Faculty of Engineering & CS
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES

ISLAMABAD
APRIL, 2019
1
ABSTRACT
Automatic greenhouse is an active area of research, where Grower can control and
monitor irrigation and greenhouse environment locally or through internet for better plant
growth. Irrigation and environment of green house is controlled and monitored by
different type of sensors and micro controller installed in it. Threshold values for the
sensors are predefined. Microcontroller monitor and control the irrigation and
environment according to the information of the Sensed values received from the sensors.
Monitoring and controlling of Greenhouse can also be perform by wirelessly.
It performs action by using different sensors and modules which include DHT22, LDR,
YL-69, ADS1115ADC, Arduino and ESP8266. Arduino received the information of
irrigation from sensed values of soil sensors by ADS1115ADC and environmental
information of temperature, light and humidity directly from DHT22 and LDR. The
controller operates the relay board attached to Fan, Light, Water pump and Servo motor
by comparing the monitored values with predefined threshold values of each sensor. After
receiving the sensed values Arduino display all values on LCD and use ESP8266 module
for transmitting these values on mobile application. For wirelessly control, system must
be shift on manual control mode from automatic control mode. ESP8266 module is also
used to receive wireless control data from user and transmit it to microcontroller for
performing respective control according to data received.
Greenhouse can be irrigated automatically, so growers can water crops with minimal staff
while maintaining time to inspect and manage the crop growth. It offers you a longer
growing season through automatic controlling temperature, since the sun’s radiation is
trapped in the enclosure, retaining the heat within the structure and helps in growing
seasons can be extended, even in cold climates. Grower can control and monitor
greenhouse environment locally or through internet and reduce potential for human error
in mixing feed formulas.
2
CERTIFICATE
Dated:
Final Approval
It is certified that project report titled ‘Smart Green House Control & Monitoring
System’ submitted by Shaheer Ahmad Tarazi, Aftab Haider, Kiramat Aziz and
Muhammad Areeb Usama for the partial fulfillment of the requirement of “Bachelor’s
Degree in Electrical Engineering” is approved.
COMMITEE
Dr. Muhammad Akbar
Dean Engineering & CS Signature:
Col (R) Engr. Jamil Ahmad Zia
HoD Engineering Signature:
Engr. Saima Zaheer
Head Project Committee Signature:
Engr. Saima Zaheer
Supervisor Signature:
3
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that our dissertation is entirely our work and genuine / original. We
understand that in case of discovery of any PLAGIARISM at any stage, our group will be
assigned an F (FAIL) grade and it may result in withdrawal of our Bachelor’s degree.
Group Members Signature
1. Shaheer Ahmad Tarazi ___________________

2. Aftab Haider ___________________
3. Kiramat Aziz ___________________
4. Muhammad Areeb Usama ___________________
4
PLAGIARISM CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “SMART GREEN HOUSE CONTROL &
MONITORING SYSTEM”, which is being submitted here with for the award of the
“Degree of Bachelors” in “Electrical Engineering”. This is the result of the original
work by Shaheer Ahmad Tarazi, Aftab Haider, Kiramat Aziz and Muhammad
Areeb Usama under my supervision and guidance. The work embodied in this project
has not been done earlier for the basis of award of any degree or compatible certificate or
similar title of this for any other diploma/examining body or university to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
Turnitin Originality Report

Processed on 22-Apr-2019 09:43AM (UTC+0500)
ID: 104882427 1
Word count: 12032
Similarity Index
17%
Similarity by Source
Internet Sources: 04%
Publications: 02%
Student Papers: 13%
Date: 23/04/2019 Engr. Saima Zaheer (Supervisor)
5
Turnitin Originality Report
SMART GREEN HOUSE CONTROL & MONITORING SYSTEM by Shaheer Ahmad
Tarazi, Aftab Haider , Kiramat Aziz and Muhammad Areeb Usama
From Engr. Saima Zaheer
Processed on 22-Apr-2019 09:43AM (UTC+0500)

ID: 104882427 1
Word count: 12032
Similarity Index
17%
Similarity by Source
Internet Sources:
4%
Publications:
2%
Student Papers:
13%
SOURCES:
1. 7% match (Student Papers)
Submitted to Higher Education Commission Pakistan
2. 1% match (Student Papers)
Submitted to Universiti Selangor.
3. 1% match (Student Paper)
Submitted to Jaypee University of Information Technology.
4. 1% matches (internet source)
http://www.ti.com
5. 1% matches (Internet Source)
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http:// www.greenerideal.com
6. 1% matches (publication)
Vu Minh Quan, Gourab Sen Gupta, Subhas Mukhopadhyay. "Review of sensors for
greenhouse climate monitoring", 2011 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium, 2011
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K. Rangan, T. Vigneswaran. "An Embedded systems approach to monitor green house",

Recent Advances in Space Technology Services and Climate Change 2010 (RSTS & CC-
2010), 2010.
http://www.gpnmag.com
http://www.universal-solder.ca
11. 1% match (Internet Source)
http://www.docplayer.net
12. 1% matches (Student Paper)
Submitted to Siddaganga Institute of Technology.
http://www.ijert.org
Submitted to Massey University
Submitted to Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
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Submitted to University of Duhok
Submitted to Liverpool John Moores University
Submitted to Segi University College
Submitted to Manipal University
http://www.iraj.in
Submitted to Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing –

Kancheepuram.
http://www.pertanian457.blogspot.com
Submitted to Texas A&M University, San Antonio.
http://www.electronicsprojectsludhiana.com
Song, Yongxian, Juanli Ma, Xianjin Zhang, and Yuan Feng. "Design of Wireless Sensor
Network-Based Greenhouse Environment Monitoring and Automatic Control System",
Journal of Networks, 2012.
Submitted to City University of Hong Kong.
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http://www.prezi.com
http://www.grietinfo.in
Tianhong Pan, Yi Zhu. "Designing Embedded Systems with Arduino", Springer Nature,
2018.
Submitted to CSU, Los Angeles.
Submitted to Coventry University
Submitted to University College Technology Sarawak.
Submitted to Federal University of Technology.
Submitted to FPT Polytechnic.
http://www.freepatentsonline.com
Submitted to University of Northumbria at Newcastle.
http://www.engineeringfourum.blogspot.com
http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr
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http://www.google.co.kr
"Proceeding of International Conference on Intelligent Communication, Control and

Devices", Springer Nature, 2017.
http://www.ugpro143.blogspot.com
http://www.acoptex.com
http://www.portal.fke.utm.my
44. 1% match (publication)
Mohammad Shoeb Shah, P. B. Borole. "Surveillance and rescue robot using Android
smartphone and the Internet", 2016 International Conference on Communication and
Signal Processing (ICCSP), 2016.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Page
Chapter 1: Introduction.....................................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Problem Domain 3
1.3 Problem Statement 3
1.4 Proposed System 3
1.5 Aim and Objectives 4
1.6 Development Methodology 4
1.7 Resource Requirement 5
1.8 Benefits of the Project 5
1.9 Report Layout 6
Chapter 2: Background and Existing Work....................................................................7

2.1 Introduction 8
2.1.1 Temperature Effects 8
2.1.2 Humidity Effects 8
2.1.3 Light Effect 9
2.1.4 Water Level in Soil Effects 9
2.2 Previous Works 9
Chapter 3: Hardware Description..........................................................................................21

3.1 List of Components 18
3.1.1 Arduino UNO 18
3.1.2 Specification of Arduino UNO ATmega328 18
3.1.3 Programming 19
3.1.4 Sensing Unit 21
11
3.1.5 Temperature and Humidity Sensor 21
3.1.6 Single bus to transfer data defined 22
3.1.7 Data format 22
3.1.8 Parity bit data definition 22
3.1.9 Light Sensor 23
3.1.10 Soil Moisture Sensor 23
3.1.11 Pin Configuration of Moisture Sensor 24
3.1.12 Processing Unit 24
3.1.13 Battery (12 Volts, 7 Amperes) 25
3.1.14 Four Channel Relay Module 25
3.1.15 Specification of four Channel Relay Module 26
3.1.16 Applications of Relay 26
3.1.17 Wireless communication unit 27
3.1.18 Display Unit 28
3.1.19 Actuation Unit 29
3.1.20 Power Supply Unit 29
3.1.21 Analog to Digital Convertor 31
Chapter 4: System Hardware and Software Design 31
4.1 System Working and Block diagram 32
4.1.1 Working 32
4.2 Schematic Diagram of the system 33
4.2.1 Circuit Diagram 35
4.3 Smart Greenhouse Algorithm 36
4.3.1 Green House Control Algorithm 37
4.3.2 Irrigation Control Algorithm 37
4.4 Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) 39
4.4.1 Writing Sketches 40
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4.4.2 Sketchbook 40
4.4.3 Uploading 40
4.4.4 Libraries 40
Chapter 5: Testing and Simulation 42
5.1 Testing & Verification 43
5.2 Test cases 43
5.2.1 Test Case 1 43
5.2.3 Test case 3 45
5.3 Static Testing 49
5.4 Modular Testing 49
5.5 Integrated Testing 49
5.6 System Testing 49
5.6.1 Phase 1 49
5.6.2 Phase 2 50
5.6.3 Phase 3 50
5.6.4 Result 50
Chapter 6: Future Work and Conclusion 51
6.1 Limitations of Project 52
6.1.1 Power utilization 52
6.1.2 Cost 52
6.2 Improvements 52
6.3 Future Scope 53
6.4 Conclusion 53
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................60
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Caption Page
3.1 Pin Specification of Atmega328 11

3.2 Architecture of ATMEGA 328 13
3.3 The DHT11 Sensor 14
3.4 Data Timing Diagram 15
3.5 The Light Dependent Resistor 16
3.6 Moisture Sensor YL-69 17
3.7 AVR ATmega16 Microcontroller 18
3.8 LCD and Its Pin Out 21
4.1 Block Diagram of Greenhouse Control System…...........……….………………….25
4.2 Address Representations of ADS1115ADC………………………………………..27
4.3 Schematic diagram of Greenhouse………………………………………………….28
4.4 Schematic diagram of Greenhouse (Sensor Circuit)………….………………….....29
4.5 Flow Chart of Smart Greenhouse Algorithm………………….…………………....31
4.6 Flow Chart of Globally Control Greenhouse Algorithm………………..………….32
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Caption Page
3.1 Specification of Arduino UNO ATmega328 12

3.2 Technical Specification of DHT11 15
3.3 Technical Specification of LDR 16
3.4 Technical Specification of soil moisture sensor 17
3.5 Technical Specification of Relay 19
3.6 Technical Specifications of the ESP8266 wireless modules 21
3.7 Technical Specifications of the LCD 28
5.1 Specifications and Working ADS1115ADC ………………………………………
36
5.2 Testing of Servo Motor ……………………………………………………………37
5.3 Testing of ESP8266 Module ………………………………………………………38
5.4 Testing of Greenhouse Environment ……………………………………………...39
5.5 Testing of Greenhouse Irrigation ………………………………………………………40
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
The greenhouse occupation be the quick developing sector in the world. The green
house isolates the yield to the environment; hence provides a protection against the
surface climatic situation.
Greenhouses allows effective formation about yield in order that would not be produced
in such distinct place. Green house environment allows effective control about the growth
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environments. Using greenhouse technology production is increased and usage of
different agricultural compound is less. Crop production rate per unit field is increased as
compared to the available open field. Within the areas of control environment, power is
desired, while to the flat areas, cooling system and water accessibility are a vital interest.
The benefit about substances plus power, also the output plus nature of crops could be
affected at the operation about the variable element about the greenhouse, like warming
and chilling supplies, slot opening, drop sprinkling, and the discovery along with quantity
of CO2. Therefore, it could be familiar in order that the custom in which these commands
be controlled will affect the last profit-making result. Using Internet of thing (IoT) there
is better possibilities to manage and control different environment parameters in
greenhouse. That is considering it is approximately tough during the human to control
him also be introduce daily nearby the system. In fact, distant transmission scheme be an
important component of the improvement and applied science shift system, due to the
increasing development of mobile telecommunications [1].
Internet of Things (IoT) is the system of regular things incorporated with electronic
circuits, sensors, programming and system association that license these things to
exchange information with one another. Internet of Things (IoT) is the blend of the
advanced and physical world. In Internet of Things (IoT), millions of things or devices
will be interrelated and uniquely describe on the Internet. Web of things enables articles
to be new and controlled remotely through the real system framework, which makes
space for more straightforward joining between the physical world and the PC based
framework, and better effectiveness, precision and the monetary favourable
circumstances. Sooner rather than later, it is well-known that (IoT) will give a lot more
offices, for example, present day availability of physical articles through a thorough
system and numerous applications.
1.2 Problem Domain

When population is increased then there is requirement of greater yield of crop
production. The increasing claim to crop yield and attribute take greatly enlarged the use
to the glasshouse. Due to the increase in society. There is an absence of food in our
country. The population require a large amount of crop production. Cultivation of crops is
17
attained with some particular environmental conditions in the greenhouse. Here is a great
change during ecological provision in current situation. What affects the growth of yield?
Due to the lower accessibility of medicinal plants, the cost of medicines is growing.
There is also a lack of work in the present. Of entire the complication, it should have
attained that here is a demand for an automated observation and govern scheme for the
glasshouse that improve to crops in specific conditions appropriate for it [2].
1.3 Problem Statement

Human face lot of problem and complication to handle the environment parameters like
humidity, soil moisture, temperature that directly affect development of the plants. The
contribution in the computers operation is elevated, since the nursery control systems of
today are planned for a single framework monitoring to control more than one parameter
synchronously. The suggested present day frameworks utilize portable innovation as
correspondence course of action and remote information obtaining frameworks, giving
worldwide access to information about one's ranches. However, that is several limits such
as the complexity of the design, the unpleasant repair and the high price. What's more, the
precision of the framework is practically low, and when there is a breakdown in the
neighborhood gadgets, all the nearby and phone information will be lost and,
subsequently, the entire framework crash. In addition, agriculturist do not work during
such advanced environment and do not find the need for such an advanced system, and
cannot allow it. Taking into account these issues, the suggested scheme is an effective
monitoring and control system based on IoT that is calculated on discover application
sooner rather than later that will support ranchers [3].
1.4 Proposed System
The present system consists of a recognition module, a control module In the sensors
module, the detectors admit climate detectors, dampness sensors, ground humidity
sensor; Following sensors will detect the different framework to the climate. In addition,
the values displayed on LCD screen. That sensors attached to the ESP8266 (12E)
microcontroller, that is the control element. The complement detectors attached because
of the ADC. The microcontroller attached to a water pump, servo motor and LED. The
operation of Arduino UNO is a wireless module that can send all the values of
greenhouse sensors to smart devices. When the soil humidity is lower than the
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microcontroller set value, the pump will turn on. If there is moisture present, the sensor
will distinguish it and the data will pass to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is
the main processing unit and accept inputs from the temperature sensors Humidity
sensors (DH22), Light sensors (LDR) and Humidity sensor (YL-69). The data received
from the sensors, the values are shown on the LCD screen. 15V Li-Ion battery and 5V
power bank used as a power sources. 100W blub used as a heater which increased the
required temperature and it operate external 220V power supply. The Arduino UNO
component sends system data to the owner. The system working according to the block
diagram. The sensor readings are analog input and changed into analog to digital input
and measure. Similarly, for humidity, and light sensor. The output values, which must
be saved in the cloud via the internet of things (IoT), are first transmitted from the
microcontroller to Arduino UNO through USART (universal synchronous and
asynchronous receiver and transmitter). Equalize convertors consumed to balance the
voltage equalize of the microcontroller. At last, the output framework are recorded in
the cloud structure regularly [4].
1.5 Aim and Objectives
The main ambition of that scheme is to make a greenhouse with an automated

monitoring and control system. It continuously monitors and check the ecological
conditions to the greenhouse. It focusses on sparing water, enhance productivity and
diminishing natural effects on plant development. The client can see the climatic
circumstance of nursery plants in the smartphone utilization and control the greenhouse
from distant places. The advantage to increase for the yield of food and the preservation
of good resources such as water and energy to increase the production of meditative
plants.
1.6 Development Methodology
The system works with the power bank (5V) and then the process begins and, in the
initial state; the sensors detect the correspondent parameters and displayed on the LCD
screen. The temperature displayed in degrees centigrade, humidity in percentage and
light in terms of LUX. The detected values displayed on LCD screen. The detectors are
associated to the
19
Microcontroller. The simple sensors associated direct an ADC. The microcontroller is a PC
present in a particular integrated circuit, which committed to perform single task and execute
one distinct application. An Internet of Things gateway acknowledge a device to describe data
using its sensors to a remote location. Each of these greenhouses is connected to the same
entrance that forms a star network, this gateway gather data from all the greenhouses, filters
them (according to the priority of the message) and sends them systematically to the cloud,
which leads to a low conversion as IoT cloud program use the message count as a payment
unit. Sensors is a gadget whose goal is to recognize changes in its condition and after that
give a reporter yield. Definite adjustment could have related to light, warm, humidity plus in
general to the many environmental occurrences. With the Android application, the user can
monitor greenhouse framework from the location of their device because of a remote desktop
computer, a mobile phone or a tablet. The use of the Android application archive and the
observation of the sensor data are complete in actual duration. By mobile application is used
for checking update status and values for different environment parameters like temperature,
humidity, light, and soil moisture level within greenhouse [5].
1.7 Resource Requirement

The different equipment required for this proposed system are Microcontroller board
ESP8266(12E), temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11), light sensor (LDR), moisture
sensor, LCD (16×2) display, Arduino UNO module, level converter, motor, relay, bulb and
power supply through USB port from Arduino UNO module. The product required for this task
are Arduino compiler IDE (Integrated Development Environment) plus terminology Embedded
C or assembly.
1.8 Benefits of the Project
The benefits of this system is to manage automatically environmental situation within

greenhouse permitting any kind of plants to be grown all year around. There is one chance of
error with the manual control system. It also decreases the labor costs involved in the
maintenance of a greenhouse. Clients can define definite greenhouse conditions. The
applications of this project are used in greenhouses to check the essential framework of the
atmosphere to the correct development to the plants that is our principle application.
20
1.9 Report Layout
The first section includes the introduction, review, resource requirement, suggested
system, problem statement, development methodology and project benefits. The second
chapter takes into account the history and the characteristic of the system. Third
representation of all the elements used in this scheme. The fourth chapter of this report
contains all the circuit diagrams, all the hardware, the software requirements and the
operation of the system. The fifth chapter discussed the authentication and analysis of the
system. In the final, that is, the sixth chapter of the conclusion of the report and the future
scope of the revised project.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
22
2.1 Introduction
Today agriculture is growing in response to the need of current time, where protect
supplies through process such as water saving, minimization of agrochemicals and the
required planted surface, which deposit high trait crops are in demand. Greenhouse is a
household in which plants are mature. These arrangements circle in size from small
shacks to industrial-sized buildings. Greenhouses are usually used for healthy flowers,
vegetables and fruits. Greenhouses are very effective for they give an optimal temperature
around plants, keep them from weather excess, enhance the growing season. Fundamental
components influencing plant development, for example, daylight, water to control
physically inside a nursery and there is a requirement for computerized design arises [6].
2.1.1 Temperature Effects

Controlling all aspects of production environment is very important in growing crops and
greenhouse provide control over this. Among these temperature is one of the important
factor to harness as it is directly related to the development and growth of plants.
Temperature is dependent on every individual plant as every plant has differ optimum
growing temperature. For different growing stages of plant lifecycle, root and shoot
environment optimum temperature can be different. There is a need and demand for
optimum temperature throughout the entire cropping cycle as people are interested in
rapid crop growth and development. Controlling temperature is not an easy job [7].
2.1.2 Humidity Effects

Water vapor is another factor that effect the growth of crop. Moisture loss from plants
depends upon the humidity of environment. CO2 enters into plants through the holes of
leaves and oxygen and water leave from them. Transpiration rates are equally
corresponding to the moistness visible all around. The purpose for this is water streams
from concentrated territories to bring down ones[8]. Plants growing in dry room lose their
moisture with time because of this phenomenon. Damage is directly related to the
different of humidity. Change in temperature is inversely related to change in humidity
which makes it even more complex to control. The same actuators control temperature
and humidity. It gives higher priority to the temperature. The set point of temperature is
adjusted within a range in order to control the humidity [6].
23
2.1.3 Light Effect
Growing needs energy. Human and animals get their energy from foods. Plants also need
energy for their growth and sun light is one of the main source of energy for plants.
Getting energy from sun light through a process is called photosynthesis. Without light it
is almost impossible for plants to grow. Beside from photosynthesis, light also effect
individual organs’ growth in less direct ways. The importance of sun light for plants can
be seen from two plants growing in different environment i.e. in sun light and in
darkness. The later one will have a tall and spending stems, small leaves and stems, lack
of chlorophyll are pale yellow. Different level of sun light effect the plant relatively.
Plants growing in sun light, in darkness and in shadow are totally different. Plants
growing in shadow are better than the dark one because the supply of water in growing
tissues are relatively better [9].
2.1.4 Water Level in Soil Effects

Level of water within soil has also effect on crop and their development. Good soil results
the proper and better yield. So monitoring and controlling of soil is very important and of
great interest. Type, age, phase and climate effected irrigation and fertilization. It varies
by changes these aspects. There are different parameters of soil to note. Some of them are
pH value, moisture contains, electric conductivity and its temperature. These parameters
aids in monitoring soil condition. These must be controlled to enhance the growing of
crops. There are many techniques to control the temperature and moisture of soil i.e. drift
and sprinkles system. By proper setting of ventilation can be used to harness the
temperature of soil and of the green house. Temperature control is depending directly on
sun heat and display material. By setting suitable point soil temperature can be
controlled[10].
2.2 Previous Works

Many worked have been done in this area for many years to improve and to solve
different problems relating green house.
Darko Stipanièev and Jadranka Marasoviae [11] have recommended that the system that
is an integrated web server unit contain a TINI plate, obtaining data from scattered
sensors and enabling the actuators connected through a simple 1-wire link. The backend
server, on the aggregate side, is connected to the Internet via Ethernet or a dial-up
network [11]. According to them, the system contains all the advantages of NEST
24
(Network Embedded System Technology), such as the possibility of modifying the
physical topology and the small measurements and costs in relation to the PC framework,
maintaining the complete utility while so much [11].
Another system proposed by M. Nachidi [12] to harness the temperature of air and the
concentration of humidity in greenhouses is explained by concurrent Ventilation and
heating systems by using Takagi Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models and PDC (Parallel
Distributed Compensation) concept. It is proved that the robust fuzzy controller
efficiently attains the desired situation/condition of climate in a greenhouse, using this
model, the issues of stability analysis and control design can be minimized to acceptable
conditions expressed as LMIs (Linear Matrix Inequalities) [12].
Qian [13] have compared the benefits of Zig Bee with other two same nature wireless
networks, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, suggested a wireless solution. The system is based on Zig
Bee. Because of using of Zig Bee technology in Chinese greenhouse, it may support and
improve Chinese protected agriculture. With the abilities of self-organizing, self-
configuring, self-diagnosing and self-healing, it gives almost infinite installation.
Flexibility for transducers, improve network robustness, and consider ably minimizes
their costs. Therefore, they summarized that the Zig Bee-based monitoring and control
system can be an optimal solution for monitoring and control of a green house [13].
Mohammed Elmusrati [14] have proposed a new method for making WSN in nursery
condition by utilizing business remote detecting stage given by Sensinode Inc. The
proposed plan of equipment incorporates Sensinode’s Micro 2420U100 functions as
fundamental estimating unit, with four business sensors (for example light, humidity,
temperature). The objective behind this implantation is to approve the unwavering quality
and practicality of a framework model. Industry oriented practical results show that the
network can discover local difference in the greenhouse climate resulted by different
types of disturbances of the environment [14].
According to Sellappan Palaniappan [15] embedded greenhouse monitoring and control

system to give detail data of climate for plants inside a greenhouse with a new algorithm
of increasing temperature crops in a tropical position utilizing microclimatic conditions.
The nursery was comprising of sensors, wired traditionally, that give estimations of the
air temperature, light force and additional arrangement temperature. The causticity and
supplement arrangement focus were estimated physically, and set likewise, and high
25
goals information, gathered by putting of a system of remote sensors to give expected
information to make pop display for the yields and its development under Aeroponic
conditions. The scientists claimed that the reliability of the star network was relatively
more, with many nodes doing with a data transmission level above 90%, where the
minimum communication speed of data for all the nodes was 70% [15].
Another system is a statistical measurement, which is capable of determining the

temperature level to make a remote temperature watching system using wireless sensor
and SMS proposed by Izzat Din Abdul Aziz [16]. It has a method to notify farmers by
alerts regarding the change in temperature in the greenhouse so different precautions and
testing steps are applied. This prolonged to cover more environmental variables to be
monitored and watched in the agricultural greenhouse, which can be resulted in the
increment the productivity of fruits and vegetables. Other than temperature, the soil and
acidity level of water also has a significant role in the quality of fruits, improved to build
a system that, along with message sending, can also prompt automatic actions of related
components such as the sprinkler, lighting and air ventilators. The system is improving by
developing AI (Artificial Intelligence) components to enable more advanced features such
as self-learning, predicting, and define awkward condition which can predict and give
preventive measurements [16].
Chen. Chiung Hsing [17] proposed a system. It is based on AVR Single Chip
microcontroller and wireless sensor networks. The observing and management center use
to control the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse, collecting the carbon dioxide
data, and get the information about illumination intensity. Other than that, it also adopts
multiple level of energy memory. It merges management of energy with energy transfer.
In this manner, oneself overseeing arrangement of vitality supply is built up. Low power
utilization, minimal effort, great strength, expanded adaptable just as a viable instrument
for checking and examination basic leadership are a portion of the upsides of the
framework [17].
A. Rahali and A. Ed-dahhak [18] have used FP (Field Point) from the National
Instrument to build the control system, and LABVIEW as language to compile. They
have used smart mobile (or PDA) to control the server of the PC (personal computer)
through a wireless network where the FP adjusts the environment of the greenhouse
through the use of the device. In addition, the user can master the state of the greenhouse
through the webcam and use the smart mobile to control the environmental system of the
26
greenhouse anywhere. The result of this proposed system showed that the designed
system could be more effective in saving personnel and increasing the economic value of
the products, that is, the Phalaenopsis [18].
Miss.Vrushali R. Deore , Prof. V.M. Umale [19] designed and implemented a WSN that
can monitor different parameters. This aid farmer to get the data about the situation and
can perform different methods according to the condition in order to improve the
production. The system is equipped with small size sensors and RF modules. The data
about the parameters are transmitted using a wireless link to cell phones for further
analysis. A cell phone better than computer terminal as it is easily manageable and
available to formers and consuming low power [19].
Mohd Fauzi Othmana and Khairunnisa Shazali [20] have given importance to WSN
(Wireless Sensor Network ) method for greenhouse monitoring and control. Using recent
ATmega microcontroller they developed and testes a system. The farmers of the
developed countries maximize their yield using designed. ATmega microcontrollers are
more useful than other controllers because of some important features i.e. 10bit ADC,
sleep mode, wide range of input voltage and high capacity of storage. The designed
system is an improved and advanced functional version of the system. Compact size, low
cost and high accuracy are some of the advantages of the system [20].
Othman and Shazali [21] have discussed and reviewed wireless sensor network
applications for environmental monitoring. A lot of work has been done in sensor
technology such as MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems), embedded systems etc.
This work contributed in WSN. It aids and enhance the working performance of industry
and our life. Wireless sensor network has huge applications especially in field of
agriculture. It is used for surveillance and monitoring purpose in agri. Monitoring
environment is very important. By using real time system, it is very easy to communicate
with the real world. There are a lot of intelligent and advanced system available and
developed by scientists to monitor and manage different parameters and conditions of air
and environment [21].
Soyoung Hwang and Donghui Yu [22] have designed hardware for green house
monitoring. Different sensors are used to control the environment parameters such as
temperature, humidity, and light intensity for green house and soil wetness for crop
growth. The system consists of sensor, ADC, microcontroller and actuators. There is
27
threshold for every environment parameter. Sensors are used for these parameters to
sense it. If the parameters value change from the threshold it senses the change and
digitized using ADC and input to microcontroller via input ports. There are few
disadvantages/shortcomings i.e. power consumption, complexity etc. which are overcome
by the system. It provides flexible and accurate form of maintaining the environment.
Hardware and software decreases over the time which makes it easy for researchers to
work on it and even for end users to purchase it because of the low cost of system. It is
reliable as it solve different quality and quantity problems of production [22].
Berezowski [23] has reviewed the landscape of the application of wireless sensor
networking in greenhouse and want to make computer engineer more aware about this
domain. Without a thorough knowledge of a domain it is almost impossible to solve any
problem relating to that domain. By getting knowledge about agriculture field engineers
can easily apply IT and communication infrastructure to solve different problems and
event optimize it. Also identified, formulated and discussed the design space of a few in
opinion most important problems in developing efficient and cost effective WSN
deployments for greenhouses. The reasons to propose such an analysis have come from
the gap have observed between the results observations coming from preliminary field
experimentation in the greenhouse [23].
Sahu and Mrs. Susmita Ghosh Mazumdar [24] designed a system that is microcontroller

based circuit. It monitors and record the values of temperature, humidity, soil moisture
and sunlight of the natural environment. These parameters are very important as they are
changing continuously. In order to increase growth of crops it is very important to control
them. The system works in real time. The microcontroller chips of the system get data
from sensors by communicating with them and actuate the cooler, fogger, dripper and
lights if needed. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is used to display data. The data is real
time data which is sent by microcontroller. The system is very simple and easily
installable [24].
2.3 IoT Based Green House Management

Automatic green house that can not only monitor the certain parameter such as
temperature, humidity, moisture and light but also the environment to keep temperature in
optimum range. The greenhouse industry is the growing over time. The nursery protects
plants from the immediate impact of the outer climate conditions. Fundamental aim of the
28
task is to manufacture greenhouse with planned checking and controlling production of
plants. It centers around sparing water, expanding proficiency and diminishing the natural
consequences for plants generation. Based on the characteristics of accurate perception
and efficient transmission, the system gets the data about crops and their growth and
transmitted in real time. Different environmental parameters are monitored by system.
29
CHAPTER 3
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
30
3.1 List of Components
All physical components are involved into the hardware. Project consist of the following
components. Arduino UNO, YL-69 Moisture sensor, LDR, DH22(temperature and
humidity sensor), Battery - 9V, PCB chip, Esp8266(12E) Module, 12V DC Motor Water
Pump, 12V DC Motor for fan, 220V AC Bulb, 5V Relay modules.
3.1.1 Arduino UNO

Arduino UNO is based on an IC called ATmega328. It's a silicon chip of open source
electronics prototypes that has easy-to-use software and hardware. You can control the
motor, the fan, the bulb, the heater and different relays and, in addition, by taking inputs
from different sensors you can also detect the whole environment.
By using the Arduino advance condition and the programming language, the
microcontroller on the chip is customized. There are 14 advanced input / output pins.
About six pins can be used as contributions of a single quartz gem and 16 megahertz. The
other 6 pins are used as PWM performances. The board has a port to associate USB. It
has intensity card, restart capture and, in addition, an ICSP header. It consists of
everything that is expected to help the microcontroller. To begin, it can simply be
associated with the PC through the USB interface or it can be controlled by a battery or
an AC to DC connector.
Figure 3.1 Pin Specification of Atmega328
3.1.2 Specification of Arduino UNO ATmega328
31
In table 3.1 the major Specification of the component are summarized
Table 3.1 Specification of Arduino UNO ATmega328

Sr. Microcontroller board ATMEGA328
#
1 Parameter’s Name Specification
2 Operating Volts 5V
3 Input Volts (suggested) 7 to 12 volts
4 Input volts (limit) 6 to 20 volts
5 Digital pins of Inputs/Outputs 14 (6 supply PWM
output)
6 Analog Pins (Input) 6
7 Per Input/output Pin for DC current 40mA
8 DC current for the pins of 3.3 volts 50mA
9 Flash memory 32 Kilobyte (AT
mega 328P)
10 SRAM (Static random-access memory) 2 Kilobyte (AT
mega328P)
11 EEPROM (Electrically erasable 1Kilobyte (AT
programmable read only memory) mega328P)
12 Speed of clock 16 Megahertz
13 LED_Builtin 68.6mm
14 Length 53.4mm
3.1.3 Programming
Software called the Arduino IDE is utilized to program the Arduino as open source. By
giving helpful instruments, this software lessens the amount of work. This software is
intended for all projects, for example, Linux, Windows and Mac. In projects, the
microcontroller utilized is compatible with the software, and it can also be effectively
programmed with it. software named IDE gives built-in libraries and approves
configurations with different equipment devices.
32
Arduino gives a standard structure factor that breaks the functions of a microcontroller
into an increasingly reasonable packages. Arduino programs are written in the Arduino
integrated development environment (IDE). The Arduino IDE is exceptional
programming running on your framework that enables you to compose outlines (an
equivalent word for Arduino software) for different Arduino boards. The Arduino
programming language depends on a straightforward equipment programming language
called processing, which is like the C language. After the sketch is kept in touch with the
Arduino IDE, it must be downloaded to the Arduino board for execution.
Figure 3.2 Architecture of ATMEGA 328
3.1.4 Sensing Unit
33
A Transducer is a device that converts energy from one type to another, although both
types of energy are in the same area. Typical energy domains are electrical, mechanical,
chemical, thermal, and optical. The Transducer can be further divided into sensors that
monitor the system and affect the impact on the system. The sensor is a unit for
measuring physical variable of the physical system or environment.
It is important to understand their parameters for designing a control system. In this
project, the sensors used to measure environmental parameters are: a temperature and
humidity sensor (that is, a DHT11), a light sensor (that is, an LDR), and an Earth
humidity sensor (for example, YY-69).
3.1.5 Temperature and Humidity Sensor

The DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor has a temperature and moistness sensor
with a deliberate digital signal delay. By the use of a special technology for increasing the
digital signal and technology for measuring temperature and humidity, it provides high
reliability, excellent long-term stability. The technology of temperature measurement is
one of the most widely used at present. It is used to detect temperatures in various
applications and provides protection against excessive overheating. DHT11, shown in
Figure 3.3, is selected in this application. The DHT11 is a vital, low cost digital
temperature and humidity sensor. It utilizes a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor
to measure the circling air and intensify the digital signal at the output data (simple data
sources are not required). It is fairly easy to use, but requires precise time for data
collection. One of the true sides of this sensor is that you can get new data from it every 2
seconds. Table 3.1 summarizes the DHT 11 specifications. This DHT 11 sensor includes
a humidity measurement component and an NTC temperature measurement component.
Figure 1.3 The DHT11 Sensor
34
Table 3 2 Technical Specification of DHT11
3.1.6
Single
bus to
transfer data defined

Data is conveyed and matched between the microprocessor and DHT11 using a single-
bus data format, transmitting 40 data, high signal first.
3.1.6 Data format

8-bit integer humidity values + 8-bit decimal humidity values + 8-bit integer temperature
values + 8-bit fractional temperatures + 8-bit parity bit.
3.1.7 Parity bit data definition

8-bit integer humidity value + 8-bit decimal humidity value + 8-bit integer temperature
value + 8-bit fractional temperature value + 8-bit checksum equal to the results of the last
eight Figure 3.4 shows the time diagram of the data.
Figure 3.2 Data Timing Diagram

3.1.8 Light Sensor
35
Most plants utilize light in the scope of 400 to 700 nanometers, which is most ordinarily
known as PAR (photo synthetically active radiation). PAR monitoring is important for
plants if plants receive enough light for photosynthesis. The light-dependent resistors
(LDR) shown in Figure 3.5 have been selected for this application. LDR is basically a
resistor whose internal resistance increases or decreases depending on the level of light
intensity acting on the sensor surface, where it measures the visible light visible to the
human eye with fast response and small size. Table 3.2 summarizes the LDR
specifications.
Figure 3.3 The Light Dependent Resistor

Table 3.3 Technical Specification of LDR
3.1.10 Soil Moisture Sensor

A soil moisture sensor is used to measure the volumetric water content of a soil that
depends on the dielectric constant of the soil. A sensor is embedded in the ground to
identify the presence of water. Electric current can easily pass through the sensor if there
is moisture in the soil and, in addition, the humidity level is difficult to quantify and
provides an accurate and effective moisture sensor. Figure 3.6 shows the soil moisture
36
sensor YL-69. The soil moisture sensor has a built-in potentiometer to change the
sensitivity of digital performance (D0), a power LED and a digital output LED, as should
be evident in the attached figure 3.6. The output can be a digital signal (D0) LOW or
HIGH, depending on the water content in the soil. the output of the module is LOW if the
humidity of the floor exceeds a specific predetermined limit value, generally its output is
HIGH. Using a potentiometer, the threshold value for a digital signal can be balanced
Figure 3. 6 Soil Moisture Sensor YL-69
3.1.11 Pin Configuration of Moisture Sensor

In table 3.2. The major Specifications of this component are summarized.
Table 3.4:Technical Specification of soil moisture sensor
3.1.12
Processing Unit
The processor performs many tasks, such as data collection and data processing.
Therefore, each transmitting and receiving stations have a built-in microcontroller.
Basically it is an integrated chip with a processor, read-only memory (ROM), random
access memory (RAM), digital-to-analog converter (DAC), timer chips and many other
components that are also represented on the computer. There are a large number of
commercially available microcontrollers on the market today. Depending on the type of
37
application, each microcontroller has its own advantages and disadvantages. The AVR
ATmega16 microcontroller was selected, shown in Figure 3.6. This particular
microcontroller was chosen for many reasons, including its simplicity, high performance,
reliability, low power consumption, programming, 8-bit CMOS microcontroller based on
RISC architecture, improved AVR.
Figure 3.4 AVR ATmega16 Microcontroller

C ++ language was chosen for programming the ATmaga16 microcontroller for its
simplicity. C ++ was invented in 1998 for personal use only. Since then, many options
and other extensions have been added. Without the help and patience of many users, C ++
would not be what it is today. The best and most accessible tool for rapid prototyping.
3.1.13 Battery (12 Volts, 7 Amperes)

A battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells connected in series
or in parallel, with external connections providing power to electrical devices. A 12 V
battery also applies to a car lantern battery. This is a rechargeable battery. Typically, a 12-
volt battery is used to operate the Arduino, heater, fan, and servomotor. Battery life is
almost 2 to 3 hours. A terminal marked negative is a source of electrons that will flow
through an external electrical circuit to the positive pole of the battery.
3.1.14 Four Channel Relay Module

A relay can be defined as a switch that works electrically. Often, relays are used as an
electromagnet for the mechanical operation of a switch system, but there are also many
other operating principles that can be used. Using a relay, a circuit that has a low power
signal can drive a high power output device. In other words, it is used when different
devices had to be controlled with a single signal. The 1-channel relay module consists of
an interface board and operates at a low 5-volt level, and for each channel a driver current
38
of 15 to 20 mA is required. High current can be applied to control various tools and
instruments. It is powered by high current relays that operate at a constant voltage of 30
volts, 10 amperes or alternating currents of 250 volts, 10 amperes. The microcontroller
directly controls the standard interference of this relay. When the microcontroller
connects to this module, it also prevents ground fault. To control high power devices that
have moving parts, such as an electric motor, contactors are needed. Semiconductor
relays for controlling power circuits that have no moving parts alternately use
semiconductor devices to operate as switches.
3.1.15 Specification of four Channel Relay Module

In table 3.4. The major Specifications of this component are summarized.
Table 3.5: Technical Specification of Relay
3.1.15 Applications of
Relay
The relay enables the user to control the high voltage circuit with a low voltage signal.
Similarly, a high current circuit can likewise be controlled by a low current signal. The
relay is utilized for protection purposes. The relay has one favorable characteristic, that is,
a circuit in which the load is completely separated from the circuit by switching on via a
relay. In this regard, the relays can be used to control high-voltage circuits with safe low-
voltage circuits.
3.1.17 Wireless communication unit

To collect data from the sensor unit and the control unit in the control unit, wireless
communication is used to ensure convenient conditions for the installation, where
39
ESP8266 wireless modules were selected. ESP8266 shown in fig. 3.10, is a device used
to wirelessly transmit and receive data based on the ESP8266 network standard and
support unique needs, wireless sensor networks with low power consumption and low
cost. The ESP8266 module requires minimal power and provides reliable transmission of
demanding data between devices, where some of its characteristics were presented in
Table 3.6. The Wi-Fi ESP8266 module is a separate SOC (system on a chip) with an
integrated TCP / IP protocol stack that can provide any microcontroller approach to your
Wi-Fi network. ESP8266 can delete or place in an application all Wi-Fi network activities
from another application processor. Each ESP8266 logistics module, pre-programmed
with the contents of the AT command, consistent with the firmware, you can simply
connect to the Arduino device and get as many Wi-Fi capabilities as Wi-Fi Shield
provides. The ESP8266 module is a fairly economical board with a huge and ever-
growing community. This module has a high storage capacity and powerful enough
embedded processing that allows you to combine it with sensors and other devices other
than applications through its GPIO with nominal simple development and minimal load at
run time. Its high degree of integration on the chip allows minimizing the external circuit,
including the interface module, which occupies minimal space on the printed circuit
board. The ESP8266 supports Bluetooth and APSD matching interfaces for VoIP
applications, it consists of RF self-diagnostics, which allows it to work in any working
conditions, and does not require extraneous RF parts. There is an almost unlimited source
of information for ESP8266, and all this has been provided by amazing community
support.
40
Table 3.6:Technical Specifications of the ESP8266 wireless modules
Specification Value
Operating
system XTOS
CPU ESP8266
Memory 128kBytes
Storage 4Mbyte
Power By USB
Power Voltage 3v ,5v
Code Arduino Cpp
IDE Used Arduino IDE
3.1.18 Display Unit

The collected and processed data is displayed on the LCD. A LCD is a flat, thin display
gadget made of various colors or comparative pixels situated before a light source or
reflector. It consumes little power, as usually utilized in battery-controlled electronic
gadgets. For this purpose, a 2 × 16 LCD display shown in Figure 3.7 and Table 3.7 was
used for clarity and economy. A liquid crystal display (LCD) has parallel plate capacitors
with a dielectric as the medium, in this case a liquid crystal liquid, between parallel
plates. The first transparent glass with a metallic coating is selected for the display
electrodes. Glass is usually made from soda ash, but in some situations it can be very
expensive borosilicate, or because few manufacturers provide more borosilicate without
an argument, such as aluminum silicate.
Figure 3.5 LCD and Its Pin Out
41
Table 3.7: Technical Specifications of the LCD
3.1.19 Actuation Unit

An actuator is a device that will drive when a signal is applied to it. Drives are used in
computers for environmental management, industrial automation, and robotics, or, more
generally, drives are devices used to improve performance in control applications. For a
situation in a computer-controlled greenhouse, the drives receive a control signal from the
microcontroller to control climate variables inside the greenhouse. The developed block
includes the following drives: Fan: its speed determines the exchange between the
internal and external air, thereby causing natural ventilation. Heating system: consists of a
heater, distributed in the greenhouse. DC fan: Designed for applications with high
environmental requirements, signal speed, speed limit alarm, external temperature sensor,
analog control input and moisture protection. Heater: each plant species has an optimal
temperature range. Heating devices will maintain the temperature in this range during
periods of cold weather. It is important not to underestimate the heat output. You may not
need all your heaters most of the year, but if you reduce the size of your system, you may
lose the entire crop on the coldest nights of winter.
3.1.20 Power Supply Unit

The limitation of the wireless sensor unit can be discussed in terms of power, which
should be seen as decisive when deploying the sensor unit. The sensing section should
have low power consumption, be portable and flexible. A portable power source is
available to meet these requirements. Environmental behavior monitoring should be
42
carried out throughout the season. The power supply to the sensor node is provided by 3.3
V DC / 220 mA. After determining the output voltage and current of all system
components that are supported by electrical characteristics for them, to make a simple
linear power supply in Figure 3.12, use a transformer to reduce 120 VAC to the lower
required voltage. Then send a low voltage alternating current through the bridge rectifier
to make it a direct current, and use filter capacitors that limit the ripple of the rectifier to a
reasonable value. Electricity is almost exclusively generated, transmitted and distributed
in the form of alternating current due to economic feasibility, but most electronic devices
and circuits require a direct current source to operate. Dry cells and batteries can be used
for this purpose. Without a doubt, they have the advantages of portability and lack of
pulsation.
3.1.21 Analog to Digital Convertor
The gadgets ADS1113, ADS1114 and ADS1115 (ADS111x) are precision, controlled,
16-bit, easy-to-automate (ADC) converters offered in an ultra-small, lead-free X2QFN-10
package, and a VSSOP 10 group. The ADS111x devices connect a low-slip voltage
reference and an oscillator. ADS1114 and ADS1115 also solidify a programmable
increment enhancer (PGA) and a progressive comparator. These characteristics, close to a
wide expandable work source, make the ADS111x suitable for sensor estimation
applications with energy and space limitations. The ADS111x makes changes at data
rates of up to 860 precedents per second (SPS). The PGA offers input ranges of ± 256
mV to ± 6,144 V, allowing accurate and small banner estimates. The ADS1115 has a data
multiplexer (MUX) that grants two differential estimates or four complete individual data
estimates. Use the advanced comparator in the ADS1114 and ADS1115 for the
acknowledgment of overvoltage and overvoltage. The ADS111x operates in constant
change mode or single shot mode. In this way, the devices close after a change in the
single shot mode; in this sense, the use of control is basically reduced in the middle of an
inert period.
43
CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

DESIGN
44
4.1 System Working and Block diagram
The project comprises of Arduino UNO Microcontroller interfaced with various electronic
equipment’s including ADS1115adc, Power bank, ESP8266 remote module, Sensors board, 6V DC
Battery, Four channels Relay Board, Servo Motor and Water Pump.
4.1.1 Working
This framework comprises in two parts, Monitoring & Controlling of Green House and
automatic Irrigation system. This irrigation system work for three plants in green house.
The block diagram of the modules is shown in the Figure 4.1
Figure 4.1 Block Diagram of Greenhouse Control Board
45
This Green House consist of Arduino UNO microcontroller, Ads1115adc Analog to
Digital convertor module, Four Relays module, 1602 LCD module, 1 Water pump, 1
Servo motor, 3 Moisture sensor, DHT11 Temperature and Humidity sensor, LDR, 1 Bulb
& Fan and ESP8266 Wife module. That microcontroller is important equipment and it is
utilized to manage every other part along these lines, every one of the components are
interfaced to it. The YL-69 soil sensor check the moisture level of soil, LDR sensor check
the intensity of light in Green House and DHT22 sensor check Temperature and
Humidity of Green House. Microcontroller board takes all sensed values from sensors for
further processing and monitors the sensed values of sensors on 1602 LCD, then operates
the relay board and control water pump, bulb, fan, servo motor according to the
conditions programmed for automatic controlling green house. A ESP8266 wife Module
attached to the Arduino UNO for control and monitor greenhouse Wirelessly using
Android application.
The automatic irrigation system work using Arduino UNO, ESP8266 wireless module,
Servo Motor and relay board with water pump. Moisture sensors check the percentage of
water presence in plants and pass the signal to Arduino controller. Arduino control the
switching action of servo motor that is carried out for switching the water flow to the
determined plant based on signal pass by the soil sensor of that plant and function of
Water pump to represent the prototype that the water is pumped with the help of it
towards servo motor.
4.2 Schematic Diagram of the System

Circuit representative diagram of the automatic Green House is appeared in figures (4.3 &
4.4). Microcontroller depends on ATmega328. The Microcontroller has fourteen
input/output computerized pins. Out of fourteen pins of microcontroller, six pins are use
for inputs of analog and other 6 pins are used in pulse width modulation. All sensors are
connected to Arduino and operated with five volts. ADS1115adc 16-bit Analog to Digital
convertor module can efficiently improve the resolution of micro-controller and can
provide accuracy measurement. It basically contains 10 pins and its working principal
based on 12C communication. Out of ten, four pins are used for analog voltage and
46
remaining six pins are for power, Communications and address allocation. Its input pins
can be configured for Differential, Comparator or Single Ended Measurements. This
module can be used with four different base addresses of 7-Bitof 0x48 (1001000) using
ADR pin with GND, VCC, SDA, SCL. So it means four ADS115adc convertors can be
used with one micro-controller.
Figure 4.2 Address Representations of ADC1115ADS Convertor
The output of ADS1115adc should be 16 bit but it gives maximum output of 15bit
integer. One bit from the output is used to denote the sign of output value. So the
maximum value that ADC convertor generate is from 0 to 32,768 instead of 0 to 65,536.
Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) is used to determine the value of bits. In default
mode PGA is set to +/-6.144 volts that can give the maximum output of 32,767. The
47
default program gain amplifier (PGA) have 0.1875 mV per bit of scale factor. Maximum
measurable voltage is depending upon supply voltage. DC can bear only 0.4 volts more
than input voltage. Maximum output of Moisture and LDR sensor is 3V, so in this project
PGA value will be set at +/- 4.096V with scale factor of 0.125mV.
Servo motor is performing main function for allowing water access to specific plant.
Inside there is a simple set-up is installed: a potentiometer, DC motor and master
circuitry. Potentiometer connects to motor and mastery wheel is attached to DC motor by
gears. Resistance of potentiometer change according motor rotation. Control circuit
function is to control the speed and direction of servo motor’s rotator.
4.2.1 Circuit Diagram
48
Figure 4.3 Schematic Diagram of Smart Greenhouse
49
Figure 4.4 Schematic Diagram of Smart Greenhouse (Sensor Circuit)
4.3 Smart Greenhouse Algorithms

All sensors starts sensing values after power given to Arduino. Arduino takes the Sensed
values from sensors. Arduino use these sensed values and compare them to pre-defined
threshold values of each sensor to control the irrigation and environment of greenhouse.
User application is connected to Arduino through ESP8266 module. The structural outline
of Smart Greenhouse is shown in figure 4.5 and 4.6.
4.3.1 Green House Control Algorithm
A prototype small green house made of glass of size (3 x2) with at least 3 plants insides.
Humidity, Temperature & Light sensors are placed inside the green house and a moisture
sensor each is placed inside the potted plants. In addition, a small fan, a light & water
transfer mechanism is also present. Each of the parameters Temperature, Humidity &
Moisture are monitored & Controlled by Arduino. When there is change in temperature
beyond the specific limit the system automatically turns the fan ON or the Light ON
depends upon the temperature. Microcontroller attached to liquid crystal display to show
various sensors readings. User can also monitor all sensed values and can control all the
actions through ESP8266 Wi-Fi module.
4.3.2 Irrigation Control Algorithm
In this project three plants are used for demonstration and Soil Moisture sensor sensed
value of Moisture in soil and send this information to Arduino UNO. Water pump is
controlled by Arduino depends upon Moisture present in plants. Moisture sensors check
the percentage of water presence in plants and pass the signal to Arduino controller.
Arduino control the switching action of servo motor that is carried out for switching the
water flow to the determined plant based on signal pass by the soil sensor of that plant
and function of Water pump to represent the prototype that the water is pumped with the
help of it towards servo motor. User can also monitor all sensed values and can control all
the actions through ESP8266.
50
51
Figure 4.5 Flow Chart of Smart Greenhouse Algorithm
Star
t
Connect to Router
Serial. Ye Collect Serial Data Upload Data to Cloud

s
Availabl
e
Read Values from

Cloud
Ye Turn on Fan
Fan = s
1
Turn off
fan
Ye
s Turn on Pump
Pump =
1
Turn off Pump
Ye
Bulb = s
Turn On Bulb
1
Turn off Bulb
Figure 4.6 Flow Chart of Globally Control Greenhouse Algorithm
52
4.4 Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
IDE is used to write a program in Arduino. Nature of IDE composed of Java, transfer
handling, AVR-GCC (compiler). Its open source characteristic provide ease in its use.
4.4.1 Writing Sketches
Code that writes in IDE for control of Arduino called sketches. Content editor is use in
creation of these programs. Errors in a code appear after saving it and transporting the
code in message area. IDE console is used for displaying all errors in code. The Built-in
Development Environment can be verified and after that the transmitted programs allow
to open, write and save drafts. In the IDE you can also open the sequential screen.
4.4.2 Sketchbook
It is basically a default place to store programs and those saved programs will open from
File> Open Capture or from Sketchbook menu. When Arduino compiles program one
time, in this way it will make a route for the library of organized tasks. The user can use
the Preferences exchange menu to change the best focus in the program.
4.4.3 Uploading
It covers the function when code get complete and ready to execute. When code file get
exchanged, the receiver and transmitter LEDs are poured. At moment the exchange is
made, the Arduino programming (IDE) displays a message or displays an error message.
In Windows for a sequential card it is very likely that COM1 to COM7 or higher for a
Universal Serial bus card. For finding, look for a universal serial bus gadget in Ports
section of WDM.
4.4.4 Libraries
Libraries contain the instruction that how to take data from specific sensor and how to
interface specific sensor to Arduino. Each sensor has its own library and operate on
53
different communication protocol, so libraries help in communication between Arduino
and sensor. These libraries provide ease in programing. Various parts intacted with
Microcontroller, now they are accessible in particular libraries of IDE. Libraries that has
used in this project are ESP8266WiFi.h, Liquid Crystal’s, Adafruit_ADS1015.h, DHT
dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE),Wire’s. ESP8266WiFi.h library use in ESP8266 module
searching for Wi-Fi network, DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE) library use for DHT11
Temperature and Humidity Sensor, Liquid Crystal.h library use for showing sensed
values on LCD, Adafruit_ADS1015.hlibrary use for interfacing ads1115adc analog to
digital convertor to Microcontroller.
54
CHAPTER 5
TESTING AND SIMULATION
55
5.1 Testing & Verification
Testing is better approach for verifying the reliability and working of system. It helps to
ensure that structure work is practical and completed as suggest, a couple of approaches
have been used. For different emphases, errors are perceived in the middle of the test time
and are prohibited by different procedures.
5.2 Test Cases
A structural work with various line of actions use to represent series of activities
recognize by test case, regardless of, it functions legitimately. Each electronic component
tested in better way and after this normal results are compare with obtained results.
5.2.1 Test Case 1
Firstly whole working of ADS115adc was checked. ADS115adc received values from
sensor board and transmit to Arduino for further action perform. The program was loaded
in ADS1115adc through the USB port.
Table 5.7 Specifications & Working of ADS1115ADC
Test Case id: - TC1

Objective: ADS1115adc Test
Equipment: ADS1115adc Convertor, Sensors Board
Programming Software: Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Procedure: All electronic equipment’s were connected and

convene on board. Program was written to take
values from sensors by interfacing to sensor board
and 2nd portion of program is to interface
ADS1115adc to Arduino for uploading sensed values.
Result: 16-bit values of sensors are perfectly transferred to

Arduino for comparing to defined thresholds of
perspective sensors to control irrigation and Green
House Environment
5.2.2 Test Case 2

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Servo motor was checked for testing after successful test of ADS115ADC convertor.
Central objective was to direct the servomotor rotator in specific direction. A special
program was written in the IDE for microcontroller, to set the particular rotator angels of
servomotor for the automatic water system to be installed.
Table 5.2 Testing of Servo Motor
Test Case id: - TC2
Objective: Servo Motor Test
Equipment: Relay, Servo Motor, Water Pump
Procedure: Servo Motor was connected to relay board and with

microcontroller for taking instructions from
microcontroller to turn ON or OFF the respective relay.
Water Pump delivered water to Servo motor, further

motor directs the water though changing rotator direction
according to moisture values received to Arduino
through ADS1115adc
Result: Servo Motor successfully supply water in desired plant by

using values received from Moisture sensor of that
specific plant.
5.2.3 Test Case 3

Working of ESP8266 was monitored after successful test of Servo Motor. Wireless
Module was interfaced with Arduino UNO. The program for sending sensed values,
receiving instruction operation values from user and configuring of ESP8266 with
microcontroller was accomplish in IDE.
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Table 5.3 Testing of ESP8266 Module
Test Case id: - TC3
Objective: Working test of Wireless Module (ESP8266)
Equipment: Wireless module ESP8266, Arduino UNO
Procedure: ESP8266 was interfaced with microcontroller.
Binary values of information were transferred

through ESP8266 to user for monitoring and
microcontroller successfully collected user
instructions variables for performing respective
function according to what instructions have in
variables,
Program for receiving and transmitting binary

instructions through Wireless (ESP8266) was
written in Integrated Development Environment
(IDE).
Result: Two functions were performed. (Achievement)
1) User received the informational variables

of controlling Green House Environment
and Irrigation.
2) User sent the instruction variables of
environment and irrigation of Green House
for performing respective function
5.2.4 Test Case 4

Greenhouse environment was controlled after viable testing of ESP8266. Light Bulb and
Fan were connected to relay board. Sensed values from sensors were taken by Arduino,
displayed and transmitted to ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module.
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Table 5.4 Testing of Greenhouse Environment
Test Case id: - TC4

Objective: Control desire environment of Greenhouse
Equipment: DHT22(Temperature and Humidity Sensor), LDR(Light

Dependent Resistance), Relay Board, ESP8266 Module,
Bulb, Fan, Microcontroller
Procedure: Sensor board activate all sensors , DHT22(temperature

and Humidity sensor) and LDR (Light dependent
resistance) started sending sensed values to
microcontroller, after getting values Arduino started
controlling respective relays for switching ON or OFF to
Fan & Light according to define threshold values in IDE
programing. Further these values were displayed on
LCD and sent towards ESP8266 wireless module for
transmitting them to User.
Instructions received by ESP8266 Wireless Module from

user were sent towards Arduino to control Fan and
Light.
Result: Bulb and Fan were turned HIGH & LOW according to set
conditions through both ways. (Achievement)
1) By automatic controlling conditions

2) By user controlling instructions
5.2.5 Test Case 5

Greenhouse Irrigation was checked & controlled after the testing Green environment of
Greenhouse. Water Pump and Servo Motor were connected to relay board. Sensor board
transmit values through ADS115ADC to Arduino. Further Arduino performed irrigation
function according values received by sensor board.
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Table 5.5 Testing of Greenhouse Irrigation
Test Case id: - TC5
Objective: Test automatic irrigation of Greenhouse
Equipment: Arduino UNO, YL-69 Soil Moisture Sensors, Relay

Boards, ESP8266 Wireless Module, Water Pump, Servo
Motor
Programming Software: Arduino IDE
Procedure: After provide Power to Servomotor and Arduino , YL-69

Soil Moisture Sensors started sending sensed values to
microcontroller, after getting values, Arduino started
controlling respective relays for switching ON or OFF to
Water Pump & Servo Motor according to define
threshold values in IDE programing. Further these values
were displayed on LCD and sent towards ESP8266
wireless module for transmitting them to User. Function
of Water Pump is supply water to Servo Motor and
Further Servo regulator change its direction for providing
water to desired plant.
Instructions received by ESP8266 Wireless Module from

user were sent towards Arduino to control Water Pump
& and Servo Motor.
Result: Irrigation of Green House Was successfully controlled in
both ways. (Achievement)
1) By automatic controlling conditions
2) By user controlling instructions
5.3 Static Testing

Static Test helps to found intelligent errors and encodings demonstrate language
structure. As function of smart Greenhouse depended on the coding, all the electronic
elements, all writing software, were examined.
60
5.4 Modular Testing
This system have couple of electric modules. Every electric equipment was tried first to
check its affectivity that each equipment should perform appropriately. To accomplish
test , different experiments were made.
5.5 Integrated Testing
Subsequent to all test experiments, each electric equipment of the structural work was
associated with confirm its functionality. In the wake of amassing, the total system was
retested to check its affectivity.
5.6 System Testing
The complete system was tested in a Green House of (3*5) square meters. It consisted of
three plants, Fan, Light, ADS115adc, Arduino UNO, ESP8266, Water pump, Servo motor
and controlling circuitry for testing the whole system. The framework was confirmed in
different phases.
5.6.1 Phase 1
In this phase environment control of Green House was tested. In 1 st step, temperature of
Green House was control automatically with the help of Fan and Light according to
define threshold values for sensors in Arduino. In 2nd step environment was control
successfully by user Instructions from ESP8266
5.6.2 Phase 2
In this working, controlling and effectiveness of irrigation was checked and tested. In 1 st
step, irrigation of Green House was control automatically with the help of Water pump
and Servo motor according to define threshold values for sensors in Arduino. In 2nd step
irrigation was control successfully by user Instructions from ESP8266.
5.6.3 Phase 3
In the stage 3, both control the environment of Green House and irrigation framework was
tried effectively. Every one of the functions were working appropriately.
5.6.4 Result
Managing Nurseries irrigation would be effective and by this idea crops can look after
with limited and usefull amount of water with insignificant staff while keeping up time to
examine and deal with the harvest development. Grower can control and monitor
61
greenhouse environment locally or through internet and reduce potential for human error
immixing feed formulas. It offers you a longer growing season through automatic
controlling temperature. In this model radiation from sun can come inside but it would be
difficult for them to get out so they trapped inside irrigation box and helps to cultivators
by increasing growing seasons and especially in cold climates.
62
CHAPTER 6
FUTURE WORK AND CONCLUSION
63
6.1 Limitations of Project
Greenhouse is made effectively for growing food, vegetable, plants, and crop production
under controlled and monitored environmental parameters like temperature, humidity,
light and soil moisture. These environmental parameters controlled and monitored under
the wall which are made of glass. In automatic mode the environment parameters is
controlled and automatically. In manual mode farmer check the status on the mobile
android application and controlled and monitored remotely. The limitation of this system
is we cannot controlled humidity automatically but monitored only. The PH value of
water and soil cannot be monitored and controlled. The sensor which sense the yellowish
coloure of the leaf of the plant cannot be used. Solar technology not used in this system
for example if power bank is discharged and battery is low then system cannot work if
power supply is accidently shutdown. The problem can be resolved using solar
technology. For proper working of system each and every components and sensors should
be working properly and it should be properly dipped in the soil and used high quality
sensors for example if sensors not sense the moisture level the motor is continually on
basic function of the system is diminished and the all the system be collapse.
6.1.1 Power utilization

Scheme require 220V power supply to operate otherwise used power bank for backup
power source. Arduino UNO work with 5V power DC supply. For this purpose, 220V
power supply is converted into 5V and give to Arduino UNO through pin. If power
supply is not available, then used power bank and give power to Arduino UNO through
USB data cable in USB port of Arduino UNO. The motor operates on 15V DC supply for
water pumping. For this purpose, 15V battery is used, and operate motor through pin.
Trigger voltage of relays which used in this project is 5V DC supply. The 5V DC supply
is also used for the proper working of relays.
6.1.2 Cost
Cost can set restricting qualities on the abilities of this task. The expense of the proposed
undertaking depends upon the features consolidated to it for further changes and upgrade.
More to additional components more will be the cost. These modifications enhance its
cost.
6.2 Improvements
Greenhouse is made of glass also called glasshouse it walls and roof made of transparent
material greenhouse used for growing plants, vegetable, fruit and plants using controlled
climate condition like temperature, light, humidity and soil moisture.
The present set-ups in greenhouse are manual setup. In manual setup there is no IoT used
and environmental parameters like temperatures, light, humidity, and soil moisture level
not controlled and monitored automatically. In manual setup for water arrangement of the
plants motor be controlled ON and OFF manually. And for controlling of temperature the
temperature controller be ON and OFF manually. And also using of pesticides and
spraying agent on plant are totally manual. It takes a lot of time, unsafe to human error
and therefore, is less accurate and uncertain. The second is the partially automated
system. The configuration that is the compound of physical monitoring plus incomplete
computerization along with analogous to physical configuration in nearly aspects, but it
decreased the work involved to configuration irrigation. Third, the designed system is
totally automatic. This system work on two mode which is automated mode and second is
manual mode. When greenhouse is on automated mode then all the parameters controlled
automatically for example if temperature is increased beyond threshold value then fan is
automatically on and it off when value of temperature is decreased from specific value
and LED is on when value of light which is in the form of LUX is decreased beyond
threshold value and it OFF when value of LUX is increased beyond threshold value. In
the system humidity is only monitored but not controlled automatically. When soil
moisture level is decreased beyond threshold value then servo motor turn the water pipe
to the specific field and on the water pump till when it increased beyond the threshold
value. Second mode is manual mode. In this mode greenhouse can’t work automatically
but farmer check status on mobile application and controlled environment parameters
which he desired. The environment parameters like temperatures, light, humidity and soil
moisture level is controlled and monitored automatically. The farmer can have controlled
greenhouse remotely using android application also check status on android application.
The farmer also controlled environmental parameters remotely using mobile android
application. Temperature is increased using 100W light bulb which act as a heater. The
power source of heater is external 220V power supply. Heater is controlled automatically
using Arduino.
6.3 Future Scope

In future work, the system will be more specific to the demand of the plant by adding
other sensor specification such as pH level, fertilizer, airflow and oxygen. By developing
solar technology and providing the nodes within the greenhouse, less energy will be used
and receive optimal periodic acquiring data. These extra highlights will enable the
framework to alarm the client immediately of any sporadic change in the earth of the
nursery through the transmission of a short and straightforward instant message, for the
65
most part, if the client did not have an Internet association with get data from the
framework.
6.4 Conclusion
The project presents the scheme of IoT technology application in agriculture to achieve
monitoring and greenhouse management. Technological progress makes the agricultural
sector grow very high by using IOT based system. IoT will change the manner in which
we live our day-by-day lives and the information put away about us. The created
framework can be valuable, since it will improve the assets in the nursery. This module
utilized low power and it has low cost. That is the essential concept of analysis
concerning greenhouses, however here is stiluch further to research scientifically.
66
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69

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SMART GREEN HOUSE CONTROL & MONITORING

Shaheer Ahmed Tarazi

Submitted for the partial fulfillment of BE Electrical Engineering degree to the

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES

Dr. Muhammad Akbar

Dean Engineering & CS Signature:

Col (R) Engr. Jamil Ahmad Zia

HoD Engineering Signature:

Engr. Saima Zaheer

Head Project Committee Signature:

Engr. Saima Zaheer

Group Members Signature

1. Shaheer Ahmad Tarazi ___________________

Turnitin Originality Report

Date: 23/04/2019 Engr. Saima Zaheer (Supervisor)

Processed on 22-Apr-2019 09:43AM (UTC+0500)

Submitted to Higher Education Commission Pakistan

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