MTS 3023: DATA STRUCTURES

SEMESTER 2 SESI 2019/2020

ASSIGNMENT 1

Answer ALL of the questions below:

1. Given the declaration:

int x;
int *p;
int *q;

Evaluate the following statements as valid or invalid. If the statement is

invalid, please explain why.

a. p = q;
b. *p = 56;
c. p = x;
d. *p = *q;
e. q = &x;
f. *p =q;

Answer:

a. Valid, two pointers can be equated

b. Valid, if memory is allocated for the variable

c. Invalid, as both of them are not of the same type

d. Valid, if q is pointing to a valid memory location

e. Valid, here q contains the address of x

f. Invalid, *p refers to contents at a particular location and q refers to an

address. Thus *p and q were different data-type which can not be assigned
one to another

2. What is the output of the following code?

 int *p;
int *q;
int i;

p = new int[5];
p[0] = 5;

for (i = 1; i < 5; i++)

p[i] = p[i – 1] + 2 * i;

cout<< “Array p: “;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
cout<< p[i] <<” “;
cout<< endl;

q = new int[5];

for (i = 1; i < 5; i++)

q[i] = p[4 – i];

cout<< “Array q: “;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
cout<< q[i] <<” “;
cout<< endl;

Answer:

Output:

Array p: 5, 7, 11, 17, 25

Arrat q: -842150451, 17, 11, 7, 5

3. Please compare the algorithm below:

 Algorithm 1
1. for i= 0 to i = 4
1.1 get the num[i]
1.2 sum = sum + num[i]
2. Average = sum / 5
3. Print sum
4. Print average

Algorithm 2
1. for i= 0 to i = 4
1.1. get the num[i]
2. for i= 0 to i = 4
2.1 sum = sum + num[i]
3. Average = sum / 5
4. Print sum
5. Print average

Calculate the complexity of the algorithm. Choose the most efficient

algorithm, explain your choice.

Answer:

Algorithm 1 is most efficient because the complexity of algorithm 1 is 11 and

complexity of algorithm 2 is 17 and in algorithm 1 we used only one for loop
and in algorithm2 we used 2 for loops using more for loops will decrease the
efficiency

3. Given two integers x and y, the following recursive definition determines the
greatest common divisor (gcd) of x and y, gcd (x, y):

x if y = 0
gcd(x, y) = gcd(y, x % y) if y ≠ 0
 Write the program to test this function. What is the value of:

a. gcd(54, 24)
b. gcd(5, 38)

Please trace/illustrate your answers.

Answer: