4.

0 STUDENT 4: REACTOR DESIGN AND SIZING

Determination Volume of the Reactor

(A) (B) + (C)

ClCH2CH2Cl CH2CHCl + HCl

F AO X
The formula for VCSTR =
−r A

The reaction order for this reaction is: First order reaction

−r A =k C 1ClCH 2CH 2Cl

lbm
The production of Vinyl Chloride: 100000
yr

g
Molecular weight of vinyl chloride (CH2CHCl): 62.498
mol

FB (Vinyl Chloride) = FAOX; at conversion of 60% (0.60)

mol 1 yr 1 day 1hr mol

FAO = 143.5905 x x x = 0.0399
hr 351day 24 hours 3600 s s

Rate of Reaction, -rA Calculation

-rA = kCA

-rA = 4.54 x 10-3 s-1 x 0.1024 mol/L

-rA = 4.65 x 10-4 mol/L. s

F AO X
VCSTR =
−r A

mol
0.0399 (0.60)
s
VCSTR =
mol
4.65 x 10−4
L.s
VCSTR = 514.839 L
Sketch diagram of the designed reactor

CSTR

Vinyl Chloride
Ethylene Dichloride (CH2CHCl)

(ClCH2CH2Cl) Hydrogen Chloride

(HCl)

mol
FAO = 0.0399
s
Temperature = 298℃ (571.15° K)

4.65 x 10−3
KT2 =
s
VCSTR at 60% (X = 0.60);
VCSTR = 514.839 L

Temperature = 500℃ (773.15° K)

lbm
The production of Vinyl Chloride: 100000
yr

Pressure = 26 atm
Analyzing the changing of Operational Condition.

The changes of the temperature (Increment and decrement by 10℃ of temperature form
the operating condition)

Based on the literature review, the reaction rate constant that was calculated was K T1 =

4.65 x 10−4 cal

, at the temperature of 298℃ (571.15° K ) and Activation Energy (EA) of 58000 .
s mol
[ CITATION KBe16 \l 1033 ].

References: K.Belval, T. (2016). Vinyl Chloride Production. Chemical Process Synthesis,

21.

The operating temperature in the reactor = 500℃ (773.15° K )

Effect of Changing Temperature (Increase and Decrease by 10OC)

DECREAMENT TEMPERATURE OF 10° C

Calculation for VCSTR at temperature 490° C (763.15 K):

−r A =k C 1ClCH 2CH 2Cl

mol
−r A =2.88 x 10−4
dm 3 . s

mol
0.0399 (0.60)
s
VCSTR¿
mol
2.88 x 10− 4
L.s

VCSTR = 831.25 L

INCREAMENT TEMPERATURE OF 10° C

Calculation for VCSTR at temperature 510° C (783.15 K):

−r A =k C 1ClCH 2CH 2Cl

 mol
−r A =7.43 x 10−4
dm 3 . s

mol
0.0399 (0.60)
s
VCSTR¿
mol
7.43 x 10−4
L.s

VCSTR = 322.207 L

Table 4.1: Different temperature for Volume of CSTR

Temperature(K) Volume of CSTR (L)
763.15 831.250
773.15 514.839
783.15 322.207

Based from the calculation, it shows that the changes in temperature affect the
production volume of vinyl chloride. When the initial temperature of the original operating
system was increase to 10° C , the volume of CSTR obtained was 322.207L where the original
operational temperature which is at 500° C (773.15 K) the volume obtained was 514.839 L.
While for decrement of 10° C , the volume obtained was 831.25 L. This show that the
temperature was able to increase the efficiency for the reaction to take place in the reactor. As
the temperature decreases, -rA value also decrease, this resulting the increasing in volume of
reactor. The reaction rate for increasing the temperature also show the decreasing in volume
opposite from the theory that the higher the reaction rate theoretically will be resulted in
increasing the collision between the particle. Thus, will help in speeding up the reaction rate.
The higher the feed temperature, the better the dynamic performance [ CITATION Luy04 \l 1033 ].
It was said that the method that was using the operating reactor which involving the boiling point
of ethylene dichloride (EDC) will resulting in allowing the pure vapor product to vaporized which
is then will recovering heat through the condensing vapor [ CITATION Dry03 \l 1033 ].
The changes of the pressure (Increment and decrement by 2 MPa of conversion from the
operating condition)

The operating pressure in the reactor = 26 atm

Effect of Changing Temperature (Increase and Decrease by 2Mpa=19.74atm)

DECREAMENT PRESSURE OF 2MPa

Calculation for VCSTR at pressure 6.26 atm:

−r A =k C 1ClCH 2CH 2Cl

mol
−r A =1.12 x 10− 4
dm 3 . s

mol
0.0399 (0.60)
s
VCSTR¿
mol
1.12 x 10−4
L. s

VCSTR = 2137.5 L

INCREAMENT PRESSURE OF 2MPa

Calculation for VCSTR at pressure 45.74 atm:

−r A =k C 1ClCH 2CH 2Cl

mol
−r A =8.18 x 10−4
dm3 . s
 mol
0.0399 (0.60)
s
VCSTR¿
mol
8.18 x 10− 4
L.s

VCSTR = 292.665 L

Table 4.2: Different pressure for Volume of CSTR

Pressure(atm) Volume of CSTR (L)
6.26 2137.50
26.0 514.839
45.74 292.665

Based from the calculation, it shows that the changes in pressure affects the production
volume of vinyl chloride. When the initial pressure of the original operating system was increase
to 2MPa, the volume of CSTR obtained was 292.665L where the original operational pressure
which is at 26.0 atm the volume obtained 514.839 L. While for decrement of 2MPa, the volume
obtained was 2137.50 L. When the pressure increase, the inlet concentration will be increase,
this is because the molecule will collide more frequently and causing the rate of reaction to
increase and lower the volume of CSTR needed for conversion.
The changes of the conversion (Increment and decrement by 10% of conversion from the
operating condition)

Initial conversion: 60% (0.60)

Increment of 10% + %60 = 70%

Calculation for VCSTR at conversion of 0.70:

−r A =k C 1ClCH 2CH 2Cl

mol
−r A =3.28 x 10−4
dm 3 . s

mol
0.0399 (0.70)
s
VCSTR¿
mol
3.28 x 10−4
L.s

VCSTR = 851.5244 L

Decrement of 60% - 10% = 50%

Calculation for VCSTR at conversion of 0.50:

−r A =k C 1ClCH 2CH 2Cl

mol
−r A =6.20 x 10−4
dm3 . s
 mol
0.0399 (0.50)
s
VCSTR¿
mol
6.20 x 10− 4
L.s

VCSTR = 321.7742 L

Table 4.3: Different conversion for Volume of CSTR

Conversion, X (%) Volume of CSTR (L)
50 321.7742
60 514.839
70 851.5244

The changes of the conversion show that increase the volume of the reactor was
affected. The conversion was increase to 10% from the initial conversion which is 60% to 70%.
For the conversion of 70% (0.70), the volume of CSTR obtained was 851.5244 L and by
decreasing conversion from the initial target conversion which is become, 50% (0. 50), the
volume was obtained was decrease from the target value of the initial conversion. For the initial
conversion, the volume obtained was 514.839 L where the reactor operation was at conversion,
X = 60% (0. 60) then, the decrement of conversion was calculated by changing the conversion,
X into 50% (0. 50), the volume obtained was 321.7742 L. This theoretically proven that, the
conversion, X value can affect the volume production of our reactant. It was proved that,
another way to increasing the conversion was by maintaining the high selectivity in a small
amount. [ CITATION Dry03 \l 1033 ].