Capacitance & DF Testing

with the CP TD1

Abdulla Hakeem
abdulla.hakeem@omicron.at 4 June 2013
Agenda

> Capacitance & Dissipation Factor Basics

> Setup for Bushings and Transformers
> Guarding Principle
> TanDelta Test Card
> Templates for C & DF measurement
 C & DF Measurement: Motivation

> Detectable Failures

> Change of geometry due to mechanical damage or high currents
> Breakdowns between grading layers of condenser bushings
> Water in solid and liquid insulation / Ageing
> Contamination of insulation liquids
> Discharge due to bad contacts in bushing test tap

> When to measure

> Moisture
> Periodic Testing
C & TanDelta Measurement

IR IC
Insulation
R C

P
tan   (Dissipation Factor DF)
Q
P
S Q cos  (Power Factor PF)
S

P
Dielectric Losses

= .....

Conductive Losses Polarization Losses

 Examples for dielectric losses

> Conductive losses

> Movement of conductive particles
> carbon in oil
> Movement of ions and electrones
> leakage current through the insulation or on the surface of a bushing
> Partial discharge

> Polarization losses

> Interfacial polarization
> Polarization of dipoles in insulation material (rotation/suspension)
> Increased moisture causes more dipoles and hence more losses
Profile of the frequency response

tan δ

Sum

Polarization Losses

Conductive Losses

f [Hz]

CPC 100 frequency range

15 Hz 400 Hz
Frequency response over wider range

5.000

50Hz
DF
2.000

1.000
0.500

0.200
0.12
0.100
New Moderate Aged
0.050

0.020

0.010
0.0036
0.005
0.0024

0.0001 0.001 0.010 0.10 1.0 10.0 Freq/Hz 1000

CPC 100
DIRANA
Measuring Principle

Reference path: tan  = 10-5

 25 mm

2.5 km
CPC 100 + CP TD1

12 kV
Output

CP TD1
CX

Cref

CPC 100 Input A

Booster A A Input B
Matrix
Setup: 2-Winding Transformer (CH, CHL)

Short-circuit Prim and Sec

terminals
Setup: 2-Winding Transformer (CL, CHL)
Setup: 3-Winding Transformer (CH, CHL, CHT)
Setup: 3-Winding Transformer (CL, CLH, CLT)
Setup: 3-Winding Transformer (CT, CHT, CLT)
 Design of capacitive bushings

Emax = high
CE

CD

C1 CC C1
A

CENTER CONDUCTOR
CB
without capacitive layers
CA

Emax = smaller
C2

A
TAP ELECTRODE
GROUNDED GROUNDED
with capacitive layers
LAYER/FLANGE LAYER/FLANGE

1 1 1 1
   ... 
C1 C A CB CE
Setup: Bushing C1 (dismantled)
Setup: Bushing C2 (dismantled)

!!Limited voltage at bushing tap!!

Setup: Bushing (built-in)

Short-circuit all
terminals

Measurement is only possible for

bushings with measurement tap!
Guarding Principle: Relais Matrix

ICHL

ICL
Guarding Principle: Test Mode UST
Guarding Principle: Test Mode GST
 TanDelta: Test Card

Actual output
value

Define
voltage or
frequency
sweep

Averaging

Bandwidth of digital filter

 Tan Delta: Test Card Settings

Ttop  Tbottom
Toil 
2
With Power Transformers
CP CAL1

Tambient  Ttop
Tamb. 
Bushings 2
• RIP
• RBP
• OIP
Current is measured via a CT
Influence of Temperature

TanDelta Test Card consideres Temperature compensation!

Do not measure at freezing temperatures!

Tan Delta: Test Card Results
 Tan Delta: Test Templates

> Auto Transformer

> CH

> Bushing
> C1 for the bushings at terminals A, B, C and N

> Single Bushing

> C1
> C2 at fnom and 500 V

> 2-Winding Transformer

> CH+HL, CH, CHL (Injection on H)
> CL (Injection on L)

> 3-Winding Transformer

> CH+HL, CH, CHL (Injection on H)
> CL+LT, CL, CLT (Injection on L)
> CT+TH, CT, CTH (Injection on T)
 Structure of the Excel Template

> Data
> Transformer Data
> Results
> A table which contains all results for 10 kV and 50 Hz
> DF (V)
> DF (V) for all connections is displayed in a diagram
> C (V) is only displayed for Auto Transformer and Bushing Templates
> DF (f)
> DF (f) for all connections is displayed in a diagram
> C (f) is only displayed for Auto Transformer and Bushing Templates
> Welcome
> Overview
> Required test cards
DF (V) and DF (f)
Assessment of Capacitance & DF Testing

Abdulla Hakeem
abdulla.hakeem@omicron.at 4 June 2013
 Assessment of bushings

> High dissipation factor

> Insulator surface wet or dirty
> Moisture / aging in the inner insulation
> Partial breakdowns

> Gradually increase of capacitance

> Partial breakdown between grading layers
> Only RBP: Oil in cracks

> Dissipation factor is decreasing with increasing voltage

> Bad potential connection
> Partial breakdown between grading layers

> Dissipation factor is strongly increasing with increasing temperature

> High moisture / high degree of aging in the inner insulation
Contamination of the Surface

apply at 2. or
3. fin
 Effect of guard at contaminated bushing
Dissipation factor [%]

without guard

with guard

Frequency [Hz]
Limits for the dissipation factor

Type RIP OIP RBP Gas

Resin
Oil impregnated Resin bonded SF6 or mixture of
Main insulation impregnated
paper paper gases
paper

DF tan δ (RT) @ 50 Hz
< 0,7% * < 0,7% * < 1,5% * -
(IEC 60137)

PF cos  (RT) @ 60 Hz -
< 0,85% * < 0,5% * < 2% *
IEEE C57.19.01

Typical new values 0.3-0.4% * 0.2-0.4% * 0.5-0.6% * -

Partial discharge
< 10pC < 10pC < 250pC < 10pC
(IEC 60137 at Um)

All values apply to 20°C

Moisture in the insulation

220kV RIP Bushing

0,85 %

0,75 % 31.03.2004
15.07.2004
0,65 %
Tan Delta

08.10.2004
0,55 %

0,45 %

0,35 %

0,25 %
0,0 Hz 100,0 Hz 200,0 Hz 300,0 Hz 400,0 Hz 500,0 Hz
Gradually increase of Capacitance

C Tan-Delta Progression of a 220 kV RBP (Hard Paper) Bushing

Year of Manufacturimg 1961, horizontal mounted, oil filled
Tan Delta Change of Capacitance

30

25

20
Change of Capacitance %
Tan Delta x 10-3

15

10

0
75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89

-5
Date of Measurement

𝑛
𝐶𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑑 ∙ → 𝐶𝑛𝑒𝑤 > 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑛−1
 Assessment of winding insulation

> Values are normally in the order of 0,5 %

> A measurement higher than 1 % is questionable
 Primary Test Manager (PTM)

Abdulla Hakeem
abdulla.hakeem@omicron.at 4 June 2013
Transformer Test Types

1. DGA/Oil Screen
2. Standard Electrical Test
3. Advanced Diagnostic Test
4. SFRA
5. DFR
6. IR
Covered by the
7. Partial Discharge Primary Test Manager (PTM)

151
Starting PTM

© OMICRON Page 152

 Welcome Screen

Settings

1 2 3 4

Connected
Products

Workflow

© OMICRON Page 153

Settings

© OMICRON Page 154

Structure

Define a Location Define a Transformer Define a Job

Overview: All Locations, Execute a Measurement Create a Report

Transformers, Jobs and
Reports

© OMICRON Page 155

Location
1

New Transformer 2

© OMICRON Page 156

Transformer Data
Main Transformer Tap Changer Bushing Surge Arrester
Data Data Data Data

Must be
filled in

Settings for
Vector Group

© OMICRON Page 157

 Tap Changer
OLTC or DETC

Located:
HV or LV

Tap
Scheme

No. of Taps

Calculation
of Tap
Voltage

© OMICRON Page 158

Job I
1

Kind of Selection Test already

Test of Test: executed? Yes / No
On / Off

Assessment:
Test Failed /
Passed

© OMICRON Page 159

Job II

> 1. Info (Administration Data)

> Job Number
> Tester
> Date
> etc.

> 2. Conditions
> Weather
> Humidity
> Temperature
> etc.

> 3. Tap Changer State

© OMICRON Page 160

Measurement
Available Tests Red Flashing during Wiring Diagram
Operation

Test specific Data Note: Measurement has

to be started from the
CPC

© OMICRON Page 161

Report

Main Data

Measured
Data

Diagrams

© OMICRON Page 162

Advantages with PTM

> Intuitive user interface

> Better preparation of the tests
> Easy to enter Vector Group and Tap Changer data
> Bread Crumb Navigation

> Better administration of the measured data

> Fully automized generation of test reports

> Remote operation via PC

> Measurement is executed via the PC (Final Initialization from CPC)

> PTM offers connection diagrams

© OMICRON Page 163

Thank you for your attention!
Questions?

4 June 2013