Safety & Loss Prevention

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Training 1
 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Falls are the single

biggest cause of
occupational death
and serious injury
in the construction
industry

在營造業中墜落
是職業性災害死
亡比率最高的重
大事故及嚴重的
傷害

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Training 2
 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Consider the fact that, a body in a free fall can…

In just …. Can fall …
0.5 second 4 feet
1.0 second 16 feet
1.5 seconds 36 feet
2.0 seconds 64 feet

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 CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION,
Cont’d.
% of Falls of All Lost Time Incidents
Falls
Non 35%
Falls
65%

4
 CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION,
Cont’d.

% Breakdown of Falls
Elevated
Non-Elevated Falls
Falls 52%
48%

5
CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION,
Cont’d.

6
CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION,
Cont’d.

7
 CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION,
Cont’d.

SLIP

8
 CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION,
Cont’d.

TRIPS

9
FALL FROM HEIGHT

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

When is fall protection required?

什麼時候需要做防墜落措施
 When working 6 feet or higher from a lower-level surface
 當工作在六呎(1.8m)以上之高度
 Unprotected sides and edges
 邊緣沒有護欄的時候
 Hoist areas 起吊裝置區域
 Holes / floor openings 洞口，樓地板開口處
 Formwork, erection, scaffolding 模板，組立，鷹架
 Ramps, runways, walkways 斜坡，河床，走廊
 Excavations 開挖
 Above dangerous equipment 在危險機具設備上工作時
 Roofing operations 屋頂工作
 Wall openings 開口
 Other walking / working surfaces 其他工作區域

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

2 Major Types of Fall Protection:

两個主要預防墜落措施
 Passive fall protection 被動式的防墜措施
 Guard rails 護欄
 Fences and barricades 圍籬、 欄杆
 Covers 覆蓋
 Safety nets 安全網
 Active fall protection (requires action)主動式防墜措施
 Fall arrest (安全帶等防墜落設施)
 Positioning 固定位置式
 Suspension 懸吊機構式
 Retrieval 可縮回的懸吊機構式 12
 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Passive Fall Protection, cont’d.

Guard rails 護欄
 Top rail, midrail and toe boards
上中欄杆及腳止板
 Top rail 1.2m above walking /
working surface
 上欄杆在工作平台上1.2m
 Capable to withstand 200 lbs.
force 能夠抵擋 200lbs 之推力
 Toe board can withstand 50 lbs.
force
 腳止板能夠抵擋50lbs 之力量

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Fences and barricades

 Rigid 堅固的
 Visible 可看見的

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Passive Fall Protection, cont’d.

Covers
 2” thick wood plank to be
used
 至少两吋厚之木板
 Able to support 2x maximum
load expected
 至少可支撐两倍之負荷
 Firmly secured and marked
 要加以固定

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Safety nets
 When no other means of fall
protection is available
 當其他方法無法使用時即可用
安全網
 Design to catch employees
and falling debris
 主要設計為捕捉人員及材
料
 6” – maximum opening
 最大開口為六吋

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Active Fall Protection:

Fall Arrest System (components):
 Full body harness 全身式安全帶
 Lanyard (shock absorbing, twin lanyard)
 雙掛勾之安全帶同時有緩衝器
 Lifeline (1/2 ” dia. wire rope, above shoulder)
 生命線(直徑半吋之綱索要架掛在捐上之高度
 Snap hooks (double locking) 雙扣環
 Anchorage point (can support up to 5,000 lbs)
 錨定點至少可承受5000lbs之力量

100 % Tie-Off
 Use of double lanyard (1 on, 1 off)
 Tied off ALL the time
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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Full Body Harness

Twin Lanyard
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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Lifeline Double Locking Snaphook

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Training 19
 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Anchorage Point

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

 4 Aspects of Active Fall Protection

四種不同型式的防墜設施

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

 Fall Arrest System

 1. Personal Protective Gear:
Full Body Harness 全身式安全帶
 2. Connecting Device:
Shock-Absorbing Lanyard
 緩衝器
 3. Attachment Point: 固定點
Eye Bolt/Beam

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

 SUSPENSION
 1. Personal Protective Gear:
Chair 椅子
 2. Connecting Device:
Work line 工作繩
 3. Attachment Point:
Anchor Bolt/Carabiner
 登山用鐵鎖

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

 RETRIEVER

 1. Personal Protective Gear:

Full Body Harness
全身式安全帶
 2. Connecting Device:
Retractable Lifeline/Rescue
Unit
可縮回的生命線搶救單元
 3. Attachment Point:
Tripod Eyebolt
三角架吊環螺栓

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

 BODY BELT

Prohibited / No Longer Allowed !

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

 FULL BODY HARNESS 全身安全帶

腰身量測

Waist Harness
Measurement Size
32-36 S
36-44 M
42-48 L
44-52 XL

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Free Fall Distance (FFD) – the distance between

the location of an employee’s support before a fall
and the place where the employee finally comes to
a complete fall.

自由落体之距離即安全帶所扣的位置至落地
之距離至少要1.8m 以上
 6 feet (1.8m) maximum FFD
 Anticipate 3.5 feet stretch or elongation of
deceleration device (added to the 6 ft. length of lanyard)
預料有3.5英尺舒展或伸長減速設備
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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Shock Absorbing Lanyard
Peak Arresting Forces
5 ,0 0 0
3 ,9 7 0

4 ,0 0 0
2 ,7 8 0
3 ,0 0 0 2 ,3 9 5

2 ,0 0 0
830
1 ,0 0 0

S te e l L a n y a r d - 3 9 7 0 lb s fo r c e W e b b in g L a n y a r d - 2 7 8 0 lb s fo r c e
N y lo n R o p e L a n y a r d - 2 3 9 5 lb s fc e S h o c k - A b s o r b in g L a n y a r d - 8 3 0 lb s

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Other Fall Protection Methods

其他的防墜方法
 Warning Line Systems 用警示繩系統
 Controlled Access Zones (CAZs) 控制通道

 Safety Monitoring 安全監控

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Warning Line Systems

 Erect around all sides of roof area,
 安裝警示繩在屋頂邊緣
 6 feet from roof edge
 至少離開邊緣6 呎
 Points of access 通路點
 Flagging every 6 feet
 每 6 呎 要固定

 34 to 39 inches in height
 (86 -99cm)

 Withstand a 16 lbs tipping force

 頂部能支撐16 lbs 的力量

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Controlled Access Zones

(CAZs)

管制通道
 Only authorized
employees are allowed
 只有授權人員才可進入
 Indicated by control line
(rope, wire)
 用繩子或其他金屬線來
管制

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Safety Monitoring 安全監空

 Dedicated competent persons
patrol the area
 指派合格人員巡視區域

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 COMPETENT PERSON

ONE WHO IS CAPABLE TO IDENTIFYING EXISTING
AND PREDICTABLE WORK PLACE HAZARDS IN THE
SURROUNDINGS OR WORKING CONDITIONS WHICH
ARE UNSANITARY HAZARDOUS, OR DANGEROUS TO
EMPLOYEES AND WHO HAS AUTHORITY TO TAKE
PROMP CORRECTIVE MEASURES TO ELEMINATE
THEM

所謂合格人員系指有能力事先辯認工作區域的危害因素或
工作狀況不衛生，不安全，且對員工有危害的時候，他有
權力能迅速處理改善，減少危害因素

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

 Inspection – Harness, Belt, & Lanyard Protection
 Tears 撕裂
 Fraying 磨損
 Signs of wear 佩帶時檢查簽名
 Deformed eyelets or D-rings 扣環變形
 Proper labels 貼標籤
 Dirt 污物
 Degradation caused by (UV) light
 降低拉力由於紫外線照射
 Anything out of ordinary 任何發現有反常現象
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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Rescue and Retrieval procedures
搶救和恢復正常程序
 Equipment that can be used for
rescue:
 可使用搶救的工具有樓梯

Ladders
Aerial Lifts
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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Rescue and Retrieval Procedures

 Good planning / preparation 要準備好的計畫

 Rescue equipment available要準備好搶救設備

 If a victim to be rescued wears FBH, he must keep himself moving as

much as he can, while suspended, to avoid restricting circulation of
blood. He may grab or hold onto a nearby structure to release him from
the force exerted by the straps of FBH. (Full Body Harness)
 如果受害者被搶救時有佩帶安全帶，他儘可能要自己活動，避免
由於安全帶吊起時血液的循環受到限制他可以抓住附近的結構物
來減少吊帶的壓力

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 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

Fall Protection Safety Rules 防墜落安全守則

 Destroy any fall protection equipment which has received a

shock load or after involvement in a fall incident
 當發生過墜落事故後所有防墜設施必須破壞不要再使用

 Never use FBH for other than personal fall protection.

 不要用別人的安全帶

 To protect from accidental disconnection ("roll out") only use

lanyards with double locking snap hooks.
 為避免單扣環脫勾只用雙掛勾及雙扣環之安全帶

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 CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.
 Do not interconnect snap hooks for doubling the length of the
lanyard.
 安全帶不要互拆長度會變短

 Connect the lanyard to a solid anchor point and do not expose

yourself to a fall on the lanyard greater than 6 feet. (1.8m)
 連接安全帶到一個堅實定位點，
連接安全帶到一個堅實定位點，并且不要暴露自己在一個安
全距離大於6英尺。 英尺。(1.8m)

 Inspect your fall protection equipment prior to each use (daily

as minimum)
每天使用前先檢查安全帶

 100 % tie-off means using two lanyard one lanyard at a time (1

on, 1 off)

百分之百掛住安全帶至少永遠保持一個掛勾扣住
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Improperly Covered
不完整的保護

39
This opening could be made safe by
using a guardrail, or strong cover
這些開孔可以護欄或蓋板保護
Holes more than 6 feet high must be protect 超過6呎高
超過 呎高(深
呎高 深)的孔必須要有保護
的孔必須要有保護

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Unprotected edge
沒有保護的邊

41
42
 Safety & Loss Prevention

CONSTRUCTION FALL PROTECTION, Cont’d.

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