Long answer questions (1x8=8)

1) What is titratable acidity of urine? Write the role of kidney in maintain acid base balance.
2) What is normal pH of blood? Explain the mechanism by which pH of blood is maintained.(2013)
3) What is the normal pH of blood? Describe the role of blood buffers in regulation of blood pH and
a note on metabolic acidosis.(1+4+3)
4) What is metabolic acidosis? Enumerate its causes and describe the various compensatory
mechanisms operating in the body.
5) What is acid-base balance? Describe the role of renal and respiratory system in its maintenance.
6) What is normal blood pH ? How is it maintained? Write in brief disorders associated with acid-
base balance.

Short notes (4)

1) Name the blood buffer systems. Explain any one.

2) Renal regulation of acid base balance.
3) What are buffers? Explain role of buffers in maintenance of pH.
4) A person presents himself with untreated diabetes mellitus. He is treated for acidosis.
i) What is the type of acidosis?
ii) What is the normal bicarbonate /carbonic acid ratio?
iii) What will happen to the ratio in this patient?
iv) How will compensation occur?
5) What is anion gap? Explain normal anion gap acidosis and high anion gap acidosis with
examples.
6) Role of Kidney in acid-base balance.(2004)
7) A person with untreated diabetes mellitus and acidosis was admitted to the hospital for
treatment.
i) What is the type of acidosis?
ii) What is the normal bicarbonate carbonic acid ratio?
iii) How will compensation occur?
8) Metabolic acidosis.(2009,2008,Aug.2005)
9) Metabolic acidosis and its compensation.
10) Describe the role of various buffers in the maintenance of blood pH.
11) Blood Buffers.
12) Describe any two buffer systems involved in the maintenance of normal blood pH.
13) Role of bicarbonate buffers in acid-base regulation.

Short answer (3)

1) What is metabolic acidosis? Mention the causes.
2) What is respiratory acidosis? Write two causes.