May 2000 Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention Department ISSN 1319 - 1810

Electrical Hazards
Page Contents

2 Safety Achievement Awards

3 Top 10 Electrical Safety Tips

Misuse of electricity is a frequent cause of accidents and fires. Use these 10 tips to keep safe
whenever you work with electricity.

4 Eliminate Electrical Hazards

Before you perform any electrical task, identify the potential electrical hazards involved and take
action to minimize them by following safe operating procedures.

6 Used Drum Safety

Any used steel drum is an accident waiting to happen unless appropriate safety measures are
taken. Everyone (employees and supervisors) must understand the hazards associated with re-
using steel drums.

7 Electrical Appliance Safety

When you use your home electrical appliances, make sure that electricity remains your friend, not
your enemy, by adhering to the tips highlighted in this article.

8 Additional Resources

9 FAX Order Form For Videos/Films

Articles may be reprinted without permission, provided Manager’s Monthly Safety Packet and Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention are credited.

Page 1
 Safety Achievement Awards
The following departments have recently earned safety awards.

Juaymah Gas Plant Department

4 Million Accident-free Kilometers
May 21, 1997–October 31, 1999

Roads & Heavy Equipment Department

1 Million ODI-free Man-hours
April 21, 1999–November 05, 1999
1 Million Accident-free Kilometers
June 16, 1999–November 22, 1999

Abqaiq Producing Operations Department

1 Million Accident-free Kilometers
October 20, 1999–December 23, 1999

Ras Tanura Refinery Maintenance Department

2 Million ODI-free Man-hours
March 03, 1999–December 17, 1999

Uthmaniyah Gas Plant Department

1 Million ODI-free Man-hours
August 12, 1999–December 13, 1999

May 2000 - Electrical Hazards 2 Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention Department

 Top 10 Electrical Safety Tips

E
lectricity can be dangerous if you don’t handle it 7. Keep appliances away from water. Never
safely. Here’s a quick and simple guide to help reach for a plugged-in appliance when your
you stay safe around electricity: hands are wet or when you are around water.

1. Check your home’s electrical panel for a last- 8. Make sure light bulbs are screwed in securely.
inspected date. Get a new inspection if it’s Loose bulbs may overheat and burn shades,
been more than 10 years. drapes, or nearby furniture.

2. Unplug heat-producing appliances, such as 9. Unplug appliances by gripping the plug.

irons and toasters, when they’re not in use.
3. Match the wattage. Burning a 100-watt light
bulb in a lamp fixture designed for a 60-watt
bulb is a fire hazard. If the fixture is designed
for 60-watt bulbs, that’s what you should use.
The correct wattage information is usually
indicated directly on the fixture.
Yanking or tugging the cord can damage the
cord wire or insulation and could result in
electrical shock or fire.
10. Never replace a fuse with makeshift
components such as a copper coin, or with a
fuse of the wrong amperage.

4. Use extension cords with caution. Extension

cords are meant for temporary use and
shouldn’t be used simply to plug multiple
items into a single outlet. Have permanent
wiring installed by a qualified electrician or
use certified and approved power strips, as
an alternative.

✗
5. Whenever possible, use surge protectors for
sensitive equipment such as personal
computers.

6. Test ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs)

monthly. Turn on a nightlight plugged into
the outlet. Depress the “test” button; if the
light turns off, the GFCI is working properly.
If the “reset” button pops out but the light
stays on, the GFCI isn’t working and needs © 1997 Bongarde Communications Ltd.

repair. Press the “reset” button to return the

outlet to normal.

Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention Department 3 May 2000 - Electrical Hazards

 Eliminate Electrical Hazards

A
safe electrical environment makes both good Check the condition of the equipment
personal and business sense. However, reducing
and eliminating exposure to electrical hazards In addition to the physical environment, the condition of
requires constant attention. the electrical equipment plays a significant role in electrical
safety. Here are some questions you should answer about
Before performing any electrical task, identify and analyze the electrical equipment you use:
the associated hazards. Here’s a simple method of
identifying these hazards in your work area. • Is the equipment in good operating condition?

Check the environment
Electrical safety depends on the environment where the
task is performed. Ask yourself these questions to
determine the nature of the hazards in your electrical
working environment:
• Are there any defects (e.g., frayed wires or loose
connections) that need to be repaired or replaced?
• Is the integrity of the grounding system
compromised by missing prongs, frayed wires,
or loose connections?

• Is the environment wet or dry?
• Is the area open and well-ventilated or cramped
and confined?
• Is the lighting adequate or dim?
• Are the internal safety mechanisms in place, such
as double insulation or fuses?
• Is the equipment being operated at the voltage
for which it is rated? If you are not sure, use a
voltmeter to check.

• Are any electrical wires, cables, or cords located

over heat sources? If so, can they be isolated or Follow safe work practices
removed?
No matter how good the equipment or the facility, an
• Are there too many items plugged into an accident can still happen if safe practices are not used.
electrical outlet? Follow these safe practices whenever you perform any
electrical task:
• Are metal ladders being used in areas where
overhead wires or exposed conductors are • Follow your department’s operating procedures.
present?
• Plan every job. Think about what could go
• Have ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) wrong. Contact the appropriate proponent
been installed in electrical outlets in wet areas? department to determine the work permit
requirements.

continued...

May 2000 - Electrical Hazards 4 Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention Department

Eliminate Electrical Hazards...continued
• Never perform maintenance, inspection, or repairs
on any electrical equipment unless you are
trained and qualified to do so.
• Never use electrical equipment you aren’t trained
or qualified to use. Always read and follow the
operating instructions.
• Maintain safe working clearances for energized
equipment, overhead power lines, or other
exposed conductors, as defined by company and
departmental standards and procedures.
• Obey electrical voltage warning signs and stay
clear of areas that have known electrical hazards.
• Treat all circuits, whether high or low voltage,
with great respect. Always assume that a circuit
is live until it is proven not to be.
• Isolate the equipment from energy sources to
prevent accidents. Always follow the proper
lockout and tag procedures as highlighted in
General Instruction 6.012, “Isolation, Lockout
and Use of Hold Tags.”
• Never remove a lockout device from equipment
unless you installed it.
• Always use the right tools for the job.
• Wear the appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE) for the task’s hazard potential.
For example, always wear safety glasses, a hard
hat, and the appropriate nonconductive safety
gloves.
Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention Department
• Use only wooden ladders when working around
electricity.
• Ensure that all power tools are double-insulated,
or use them only in circuits that have been fitted
with GFCIs.
• For portable tools and equipment, use only
extension cords approved by Underwriter’s
Laboratory (UL), Factory Mutual (FM), or any
other recognized testing laboratory.
• Inspect all extension cords for wear, frays,
cracks, and exposed wires. Have them repaired
or replaced before using.
• Check the area to make sure that no flammable
liquids are stored in the area where the work is
being done, even temporarily.
• Keep access to electrical panels and junction
boxes clear of obstructions.
1. NOTIFY everyone in the area.
2. REVIEW the entire procedure.
3. IDENTIFY all energy sources.
4. NEUTRALIZE all energy.
5. LOCKOUT AND TAG power.
6. TEST equipment before work.
5 May 2000 - Electrical Hazards
 Used Drum Safety

R
ecently, while a contractor employee was welding a steel bar to a 55-gallon drum, the drum exploded. The
drum’s top portion was blown approximately 60 meters (197 feet) away. Luckily, this employee was not
injured. Unfortunately, the same could not be said about a prior incident. A contractor employee was fatally
injured when the 55-gallon steel drum he was hot-cutting exploded. The steel drum was presumed empty at the time
of the incident, but had been previously used to store a flammable liquid.

Current access to used drums is limited because Material Supply (MS) no longer distributes or sells empty drums. In
fact, in 1997, MS asked all Saudi Aramco organizations to return unmodified drums. Any used drum still available in
the system poses great risks unless the appropriate safety procedures are implemented. Supervisors must ensure that
employees understand these procedures and potential hazards associated with used drums:

1. Any organization that does not have the facilities to positively identify the residual content, safely
clean and then verify that the container is free of toxic or explosive substances, should not modify
the drum. It must be returned to its source. Identification of the residue requires laboratory analysis
because container labels, bills of lading, and reclamation receipts may not accurately indicate the last
substance contained in the drum.

2. If appropriate laboratory facilities are available, before doing anything else, safely reduce the internal
pressure to atmospheric pressure by carefully removing the bung(s) or vent plug(s) from the drum.

3. Once the residual content has been positively identified, no modification should proceed until the container
has been safely cleaned. The correct cleaning procedure varies according to the contents of the drum. To
determine the correct cleaning procedure, consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Chemical
Hazards Bulletin (CHB), or check with the laboratory which identified the substance. For further
information or assistance, contact the Environmental Protection Department at 872- 1026.

4. Venting of the drums and discharging of residual material and contaminated cleaning fluids must comply
with environmental requirements. For information regarding this, contact Environmental Protection
Department at 874-6426.

5. After cleaning, the drum(s) must be free of toxic, flammable, or explosive vapors or substances before
any modification can safely take place. Verification that the drum is safe to modify also requires laboratory
analysis. Even if a drum appears “empty” it can still contain flammable vapors or hazardous residue.

6. Once the drum has been determined safe to modify, welding or hot-cutting can start. For more detailed
information on welding or hot cutting steel drums or containers safely, refer to NFPA (National Fire
Protection Association) 326, Standard Procedures for Cleaning or Safeguarding Small Tanks and Tanks
and Containers Without Entry, 1999 edition, which is available through area Loss Prevention offices.

May 2000 - Electrical Hazards 6 Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention Department

 Electrical Appliance Safety
F
aulty electrical equipment and misuse of electrical
appliances are common causes of accidents and fires.
Here are some tips to help you identify potential trouble
spots and reduce the risk of electrical accidents associated
with electrical appliances:
• Consider the available safety features when
you shop for any electrical appliance. Look
for the mark of a recognized testing
laboratory such as Underwriter’s
Laboratories (UL) or Factory Mutual (FM).
• Make sure that all controls are clearly marked
and identifiable, and that the appliance has
an easy-to-grasp, three-prong plug (unless it
is double-insulated).
• Plug in small portable appliances only when
you intend to use them. Otherwise, keep them
unplugged and stored well out of children’s
reach.
• Replace or repair any appliance that is
damaged.
• Unplug electrical appliances at the source
(i.e., the wall socket) by grasping the plug.
Pulling on the cord of the appliance
eventually weakens the connection between
the plug and the appliance.
• Never kink, twist, bind, cut, or crush an
appliance cord. Be on the lookout for
damaged wires and loose or broken plugs.
• Never cut or bend back the third prong of an
appliance plug in order to fit it into a two-
slot outlet.
• Keep flammable materials such as clothing,
curtains, paper, and flammable liquids well
away from heat-generating appliances (e.g.,
lights, toaster, electric frying pan, etc.)
Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention Department
• Keep motors free from lint, dust, and dirt.
• Install ground fault circuit interrupters
(GFCIs) in all outdoor outlets and wherever
dampness may be encountered indoors, such
as in the kitchen or the bathroom.
Electrical appliances usually give off warning signs when
there is a problem:
• Power outages—the frequent need to
replace fuses or reset circuit breakers
• Sizzles/buzzes— an unusual sound coming
from an electrical appliance
• Overheating—any switch plate, wall outlet,
cover, cord, and plug that is hot (not warm)
to the touch, discolored, or shows traces of
smoke
• Odor—an unusual smell of hot or burning
insulation
• Arcs/sparks—bright flashes of light or
showers of sparks
• Electrical shocks—any shock, even a mild
tingle, is a warning
• Dimming or flickering lights—frequent
flickering and/or dimming of lights
• Damaged insulation—cut, broken, cracked,
loose, or frayed insulation
Take these warning signs seriously. Turn off the power
immediately and replace the appliance or have it repaired
before using it again.
7 May 2000 - Electrical Hazards
 Additional Resources
on the subjects featured in this edition

Videos and Films

Below is a sample list of videos/films that can be obtained from the Loss Prevention Audiovisual Library.
Because copies are limited, only one video/film from this list will be issued to an organization. If the film
you request is not available, another on the same subject will be substituted. To fax your order, use the form
on the next page.

Note: The Loss Prevention Audiovisual Library film catalog is currently available online at Loss Prevention’s
web site. To view the catalog, go to http://lp.aramco.com.sa on the company intranet. To order films, contact
the library at 874-8424.

900.001 Electrical Safety - Related Work Practices (VHS/PAL)

900.002 Electricity: Unseen Danger (VHS/PAL)
900.059 Electrical Principles (VHS/PAL)
900.256 Seeing the Power of Electricity (VHS/NTSC)
900.541 Fire Protection and Electrical Safety (VHS/NTSC)
900.622 Hazards of Energized Work (VHS/NTSC)
900.650 High Voltage Hazards (VHS/NTSC)
900.658 Safe Practices in Electrical Maintenance (VHS/NTSC)
900.670 Industrial Electrical Safety: Specific Equipment Hazards (VHS/NTSC)
900.763 I’m No Fool With Electricity (VHS/NTSC)
900.765 Split Second Safety (VHS/NTSC)
900.767 Our Invisible Friend Electricity (VHS/NTSC)
900.796 Would You Bet Your Life? (VHS/NTSC)
900.903 The NEC Today (National Electric Code) (VHS/PAL)
900.924 Electrical Safety (Supervisors Development Program) (VHS/PAL/NTSC)
900.954 Electrical Safety - Safety Bite (VHS/NTSC)
901.017 Plugging and Patching Drums - Hazardous Containment Series (VHS/NTSC)
901.209 Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters & Electrical Safety (VHS/NTSC)
901.297 Fatal Shock - Electrical Case Histories (VHS/NTSC)
901.300 Construction Electrical Safety (VHS/NTSC)
901.468 Think Safe: Electricity (VHS/NTSC)
901.494 Rules of Danger: Working Safely With Electricity (VHS/NTSC)
901.528 High Impact - Electrical Safety (VHS/NTSC)

May 2000 - Electrical Hazards 8 Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention Department

 FAX ORDER
For Loss Prevention Safety Videos/Films
Fax this form to : 874-8426
Orders received by noon will be shipped the following work day.

User’s Name: __________________________________________ Badge #: ________________

Date: __________ Org. Code: ___________ Tel. #: ______________ Fax #: ______________

A maximum of 4 videos/films can be borrowed. Loan period is two weeks.

Total number of videos/films required_____________.

May the Library substitute another film/video on the same topic if your request is not available? YES NO

Note: All films/videos in the Audiovisual Library are protected by copyright laws. Those films/videos produced
by Saudi Aramco MPOD may be copied for use within the company; however, you are not permitted to copy
any other films/videos. Sign below to acknowledge that you understand and will comply with this restriction.
Signature:

CATEGORY FIRST CHOICE SECOND CHOICE

ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4 ITEM 1 ITEM 2 ITEM 3 ITEM 4
All Topics 900
VHS Video Only

All Topics 901

VHS Video Only

All Topics 1500

U-Matic Video
Film (16mm)
Traffic 800
U-Matic Video
Film (16mm)

Fire 1000
U-Matic Video
Film (16mm)

Youth 600
Film (16mm) Only

All Topics 200

Slides Only

Loss Prevention Department, Audiovisual Library, Westpark 3, Room 234, Dhahran, Telephone: 874-8424

Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention Department 9 May 2000 - Electrical Hazards

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© 1997 Bongarde Communication’s Ltd.
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