Gregoria De Jesus and the Katipunan: A Case Study

Analysis

A Case Study

Presented to
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY

Institute of Accounts, Business, and Finance

Makati

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Readings in Philippine History

Moira Ablanida

Angela Arellano

James Cerrero

Athena Racelis

Roderica Regoris

Section 2

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 Copyright by Ablanida,Arellano,Cerrero,Racelis and
Regoris 2019
All Rights Reserved

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 Table of Contents

Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………………………………… 4

I. Viewpoint ………………………………………………………………………………… 5

II. Time Context …………………………………………………………………………………

III. Statement of the Problem ………………………………………………………………………… 6

IV. Statement of Objective ------------------------------- 6

V. Areas of Consideration …………………………………………………………………………… 7-8

Internal & External Environment

SWOT ANALYSIS ………………………………………………………………………………… 7-8

VI. Assumption ………………………………………………………………………………… 9

VII. Alternative Courses of Action ……………………………………………………………… 9

VIII. Analysis of Alternative Courses of Action ……………………………9-

14

IX. Conclusion/ Recommendation …………………………………………………………………………………15

X. Plan of Action ………………………………………………………………………………… 16-17

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Acknowledgement

Foremost, we would like to express our profound gratitude to

our professor Mr. Narciso Isidro for the continuous support of

their research study, for his persistence, motivation,

enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped us in all

the time of research and writing of this case study. We could not

have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for our case

study.

Also, we would like to expand our thanks to Mr. Dante B.

Canlas, Mr. Stephen Haber for allowing the researchers to utilize

some parts of their paper in the production of this research

material.

Lastly, we would like to express our sincerest gratitude to

our families for their constant motivation and support throughout

the entire production of the manuscript and without it this case

study analysis would not be successful.

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I. Viewpoint

This study is bounded on the

framework of Gregoria De Jesus and

the life of the Katipunan. This analysis focuses on the

perspective and viewpoint of Gregoria De Jesus during the

18th century Philippine revolution of the Katipunan.

II. Time Context

It all occurred during the Spanish Colonization (18th

century)

 1875 (Gregoria’s Birthday) year after Cavite Mutiny)

 1895 (Establishment of Katipunan)

 1896 August 23 (Pugad Lawin / Tearing of Cedulas)

 1897 April (Arrest of Bonifacio)

 1898 (Aguinaldo became president)

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III. Statement of the Problem

How the so-called “K.K.K” can be revolutionary during

Gregoria De Jesus’ time with the rise of Emilio Aguinaldo as

president and the death of Bonifacio?

IV. Statement of Objective

The study aims to:

(1) To highlight key historical people, events, and

situations that occurred in 18th century Philippines.

(2) To objectively compare and contrast various political

and historical point of views that will highly utilize

critical thinking as the main resource of this study.

(3) To analyze systematically the problem and issues as

outlined by Filipinos and relate them to real-life

scenarios; and

(4) To construct valid and practical recommendations for

alternative actions or enhancements in order develop

relevant and practical-based solution approaches.

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V. Areas of Consideration

SWOT Analysis (Internal and External Environment)

Strengths: Weaknesses:

- The use of secret codes / - No clear tactics and

messages strategies

- Own laws (Kartilya) and - Tribal/ War lord Style of

bureaucratic structure Army

with elective leadership - Leaders are poor at

- Revolved around the understanding obliged

principle of self-help ‘pulong’ to act, rather than

and the oppressed having a proper hierarchical

- The Compadre System leadership of all factions.

- Disloyal members of the

Katipunan

Opportunities: Threats:

- Wide Expansion in - Rising Power of

Batangas, Laguna, Aguinaldo and

Cavite, Pampanga, revolutionary Magdalo

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 Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, government.

Ilocus Sur, Ilocos - Aguinaldo winning

Norte, Pangasinan, Tejeros election

Bicol, and Mindanao, - The Spanish Government

- Illustrados, scholars, Rule (Philippines under

members from nobles the colonization of

classes (etc. La Liga Spain) and Spain’s

Filipina) who willingly influential power

integrates - Patriarchal System (No

- The use of the Printing laws for women’s

Press suffrage)

- International

Competitors or Rivals

of Spain

VI. Assumptions

• If Gregoria collaborated forces with other international

nations against Spain, then there will be a higher chance to

win the battle.

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 • If Gregoria became the leader of the katipunan, then there

is a higher possibility that the K.K.K. can succeed.

VII. Alternative Courses of Action (ACA’s)

1. Gregoria’s international alliance (e.g. Portugal)

2. Gregoria re-establishes the K.K.K revolution

3. Gregoria’s attempt to run for Philippine president

VIII. Analysis of ACA’s

1. Advantage: To be next in line to lead the K.K.K, Gregoria De

Jesus has highly mastered each and every angle in military

and the Katipunan group. The members of the Katipunan will

trust her the same way how they invested their trust on

Andres Bonifacio. There are remaining members all over

Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Pampanga, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija,

Ilocus Sur, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan, Bicol, and Mindanao and

those regional chapters can unite. It’s continuing the

foundation of the K.K.K. with a little refinements. And with

the power and influence of Gregoria’s lineage, particularly

her father who was Gobernadorcillo, 2nd lieutenant, Chief

lieutenant can help the them in the reformation of the

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 organization. This is also in line with their objectives of

“equality and justice system for all people”.

Disadvantage: It may take a long time and resources to

restore and rebuild the organization and it could mandate

them to restart the whole cycle all over again. As for

Gregoria, no woman has ever ran the K.K.K and it’s a

challenge and it may affect every regional chapter across the

Philippines. She has no leadership experience and with

regards to the framework of the organization, it abides on an

elective basis of leadership so it has little possibility for

the case of Gregoria knowing that a portion of KKK life was a

passive role.

2. Advantage: Becoming the first woman ever to run from a major

political party as president of the Philippines is something

new to the public from her clear political record exhibiting

academic and moral excellence. She has a competitive edge

compared to traditional politicians from upper class parties

or families. Strong public support as she will benefit the

recognitions of her husband Andres Bonifacio. There are

higher chances of winning and expose previous issues such as

the Tejeros rigged case. Hence, this encourages the active

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 participation and role of women in Philippine politics. With

the compadre system they have, it can help them recruit and

rebuild the organization.

Disadvantage: Gregoria De Jesus is new to Philippine politics

and going to a national level is far different from an

organizational set-up. The wave of feminism to become a

leader and the right of suffrage isn’t evident (Patriarchal

system) There is no specific law stating that she is allowed

by the constitution to run for public office. The legality of

her running for president would be questioned. The threat of

the incumbent Aguinaldo administration to meddle the results

and throw black propaganda on her.

3. Advantage: Collaborating with a first world international

country (e.g. Portugal) will aid the K.K.K for military

intervention such as political and military strategy,

equipment, and troop of men. Trading will be highly

exercised. Choosing a rival of Spain can help in the removal

of Spain in the Philippines. This manifests a bigger chance

of winning because it is not constrained with a small army

anymore.

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 Disadvantage: This will yield to a political motive of Utang

na Loob or Scratch my back system. This is a political

strategy to deepen the relationship with the Philippines and

be an avenue for that country to conquer the Philippines and

the Philippines will lead no choice anymore but be left

behind. Moreover, it’s a long-term struggle after Spain as it

sets the Philippines in a more vulnerable situation.

Decision Matrix

CRITERIA/ ACA ACA 1 ACA 2 ACA 3

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Effectiveness 4 5 2

Efficiency 2 4 2

Easy to Implement 2 4 1

Total 2.67 4.33 1.67

Range Interpretation
Below 1.79 Poor Decision
1.80-2.59 Fair Decision
2.6-3.39 Good Decision
3.40-4.19 Better Decision
4.20-5.00 Best Decision

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The Decision matrix shows that ACA 1 is a good decision to

undertake, ACA 3 as a poor decision while ACA 2 has the best

decision offered for Gregoria to take immediate action.

VIII. Conclusion/ Recommendation

Given the analyses, we therefore recommend alternative

course of action (ACA) number two which is Gregoria De Jesus re-

establishing the Katipunan and she would be the leader. Gregoria

de Jesus is an Filipina revolutionist. Governing an organization

is a strenuous task and as for Gregoria De Jesus to lead a

revolution founded on the norms and principles of a patriarchal

society. The only loophole would be the electoral body on

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appointing her as the successor. There is a somewhat an

idealistic approach to the inclusion of women like Gregoria De

Jesus in K.K.K. It emphasizes on careful management on the wave

of feminism and right and just where all people are equal and

given justice with no social oppression and segregation unlike

the first years of colonization of vice royalty of Spain. This

attempts to challenge the status quo of the norms of 18th century

Philippines.

Plan of Action

Changing the name of Gregoria de Jesus, 2-3 months

KKK. and the original

members of K.K.K
Contacting the head Gregoria de Jesus, 1 Week

members of K.K.K. Emilio Jacinto, Pio

Valenzuela
Appointment of Gregoria De Jesus 3 weeks

Leaders and Revised and Emilio Jacinto

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Draft of the

Kartilya
Recruiting more Emilio Jacinto, 1 week

leaders that can Gregoria de Jesus`

train the

katipuneros
Recruitment of Emilio Jacinto 4 months

members
Conducting meetings Supreme Council of 2 weeks, every other

with the members Katipunan and the day

katipuneros with

higher ranks
Making of Strategies Katipuneros with 2 weeks

higher ranks
Acquiring war Katipuneros with 2 weeks

equipment higher ranks

Training Katipuneros with 2 weeks

higher ranks

including Julio

Nacpil

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