Assessment Submission Form

Student Name Ahmad Elkadri

Student Number C00235640
Course, Year & Group Civil Engineering Yr4
Subject Structural Analysis
Lecturer Chris O’Byrne
Date Submitted March 14-2019
Assessment Title Tensile Testing of Steel Reinforcement

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STRUCTRAL ANALYSIS BENDING STRAIN AND STRAIN IN A BEAM CHRIS O’BYRNE

Table of Contents

List of figure............................................................................................................................2
Objective............................................................................................................................................3

Apparatus...........................................................................................................................................3

Theory................................................................................................................................................3

Procedure...........................................................................................................................................4

Results................................................................................................................................................4

Calculations........................................................................................................................................6

List of figure
Figure 1 Experiment set up.............................................................................................................................................3

AHMAD ELKADRI (C00235640) 2

STRUCTRAL ANALYSIS BENDING STRAIN AND STRAIN IN A BEAM CHRIS O’BYRNE

Objective
To measure the tensile properties of high tensile reinforcing bars.

Apparatus
1. Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
2. Steel reinforcing bar specimens
3. Vernier scale
4. Extensometer

Theory
Revise the theory of stress and strain for normal loads.

Procedure
1. The machine is set.
2. Sample 1 was placed and leveled out.
3. The extensometer was put on the steel bar and zeroed out on the computer
4. The bar was tested until it failed to produce a results
5. The process was repeated for the aluminum bar.

AHMAD ELKADRI (C00235640) 3

STRUCTRAL ANALYSIS BENDING STRAIN AND STRAIN IN A BEAM CHRIS O’BYRNE

Results
Details Details
Test Type Tension Test Type Tension
Method Name Steel Method Name Aluminum
Sample name 1 Sample name 2
Geometry Circular Geometry Circular
Specimen 1 SAMPLE 1 Specimen 1
Width 10 mm Width 10 mm
Thickness 1Time (sec)
mm Extension(mm) Load (N) Tensile (Mpa)
Thickness
Tensile strain(%)
1 mm
0 -0.00127255 140.1312 1.239032 -0.00051
Length 204 6 mm 0.7482593 1191.221 Length
10.53271 0.006805 202 mm
Diameter 12 12 mm 1.497791 2961.676 26.18697
Diameter 0.013453 12 mm
Inner diameter 8 18 mm 2.248596 4794.684 42.39432
Inner diameter
0.022138
8 mm
24 2.998127 6852.515 60.58954 0.031917
Outer diameter 10 30 mm 3.748932 9399.031 Outer diameter 0.043558
83.10568 10 mm
Wall thickness 1 36 mm 4.498464 12624.71 111.6269
Wall thickness 0.056472 1 mm
42 5.249268 16616.07 146.9183 0.071947
Area 1.130973 48
cm^2 5.9988 21482.68
Area
189.9486 0.091997
1.130973 cm^2
Linear density 10054.046tex 6.754694 27309.26 Linear density
241.4669 0.116443 100 tex
Sled weight 10 60.046N 7.504227 33831.41 299.1353
Sled weight 0.143724 10 N
66.04601 8.253758 40872.06 361.3883 0.172645
Loading span 1072.04601
mm 9.00329 48190.84
Loading
426.1006
span 0.201464
10 mm
Support span 10078.04601
mm 9.754095 55184.91 Support
487.9417span 0.230833 100 mm
Span ratio 284.04601 10.50363 58636.61 518.4614
Span ratio 0.291241 2
90.04601 11.25443 58302.44 515.5067 0.300266
Fixture type 4-point
96.04601 12.00396 58582.63
Fixture type
517.9842 0.30228
4-point
Extensometer 50102.046mm 12.75349 58508.96 Extensometer
517.3328 0.301915 50 mm
Final width 10108.046mm 13.5043 58555.95 517.7483
Final width 0.301398 10 mm
114.046 14.25383 58308.72 515.5623 0.485438
Final thickness 1 120.046mm 15.00463 58491.5 Final thickness 1.309157
517.1784 1 mm
Final length 100126.046mm 15.75417 59827.27 Final length
528.9892 2.434834 100 mm
132.046 16.5037 60529.63 535.1994
Final diameter 2.722556 10 mm
Final diameter 10138.046mm 17.2545 61222.87 541.329 2.934463
Final Inner diameter 8 144.048mm 17.55355 59169.58 Final Inner
523.174 diameter
3.028456 8 mm
Final outer diameter 10150.048mm 17.55355 58968.98 Final outer diameter
521.4003 3.261986 10 mm
156.048 17.55355 58618.46 518.301
Final wall thickness3.033019 1 mm
Final wall thickness 1 162.048mm 17.55228 58614.22 518.2635 3.032395
Final area 0.785398 cm^2
168.032 18.22928 62198.42 Final area
549.9548 3.364256 0.785398 cm^2
Final linear density 100174.032tex 18.97881 62757.31 Final linear density3.731674
554.8965 100 tex
180.032 19.72834 63322.66 559.8953 4.099092
186.032 20.47914 63859.6 564.6429 4.467133
192.032 21.22868 64349.68 568.9761 4.83455
Tensile stress

Tensile strain
Steel

198.032 21.97948 64830.01 573.2231 5.202591

204.032 22.72901 65260.15 577.0264 5.57001
210.032 23.47855 65656.42 580.5302 5.937428
Sample 1 as known as the reinforced steel bar it demonstrates a much larger range of plastics
216.032 24.22935 66019.17 583.7377 6.305468

than the aluminum. It ensures that the reinforcement steel has a higher application form of strain
222.032
228.032
24.97888
25.72841
66341.3
66640.12
586.5859
589.2281
6.672885
7.040302

hardening. steel and the mild steel, the tensile strength is comparable for both samples, the
234.032
240.032
26.47922
27.22875
66914.74
67165.72
591.6562
593.8754
7.408344
7.775762
tensile strength is high, making ideal properties for use under tensile forces. In concrete,
246.032
252.032
27.97955
28.72908
67397.22
67604.97
595.9222
597.7592
8.143803
8.511221
reinforcement steel is commonly used to improve tensile strength of concrete. The results of the
258.032
264.032
29.47862
30.22942
67803.66
67962.14
599.5159
600.9172
8.878638
9.24668
experiment were good, there was some human errors. This experiment shows that the reinforced
270.032 30.97895 68127.95 602.3834 9.614098
276.032 31.72848 68264.5 603.5907 9.981515
steel has a higher tensile and yield. The problem here is that the sample failed before a 2.0
282.032 32.47929 68383.58 604.6436 10.34956
288.032 33.23009 68477.43 605.4734 10.7176
percent strain. The result was a failure of the sample without removing the strain gage causing
294.032 33.97963 68580.53 606.385 11.08502
300.032 34.72916 68660.73 607.0942 11.45243
the gage to fall and creating additional readings after failure of the sample.
306.032 35.47869 68734.11 607.743 11.81985
312.032 36.22949 68789.69 608.2344 12.18789
318.032 36.97903 68837.05 608.6532 12.55531
324.032 37.72856 68872.1 608.9631 12.92273
330.032 38.47936 68882.89 609.0585 13.29077
336.032 39.22889 68911.25 609.3093 13.65819
342.032 39.97842 68912.02 609.316 14.0256
348.032 40.72923 68907.45 609.2756 14.39364
352.032 41.22934 68898.53 609.1968 14.6388
358.032 41.97887 68869.11 608.9366 15.00622
364.032 42.72841 68818.68 608.4908 15.37363
AHMAD ELKADRI (C00235640) 370.032 43.47921 68735.65 607.7566 15.74167 4
376.032 44.22874 68579.8 606.3786 16.10909
382.032 44.97955 68232.71 603.3096 16.47713
388.032 45.72908 67446.68 596.3596 16.84455
394.032 46.47988 66053.94 584.045 17.21259
400.032 47.22941 64081.31 566.6031 17.58001
406.032 47.98022 61503.66 543.8118 17.94805
STRUCTRAL ANALYSIS BENDING STRAIN AND STRAIN IN A BEAM CHRIS O’BYRNE

SAMPLE 2

Time (sec) Extension (mm) Load (N) Tensile Stress (Mpa) Tensile strain (%)
0 -0.0025451 0.8143636 0.007201 0.000598
6 0.7482593 1537.892 13.59795 0.013487
12 1.499064 3334.407 29.48263 0.037155
18.052 2.254958 6224.638 55.03789 0.069493
24.068 3.005763 10037.5 88.75101 0.115775
30.022 3.751477 14582.07 128.9338 0.180213
36.076 4.508644 19718.78 174.3523 0.249596
42.072 5.256903 25830.73 228.3938 0.344859
48.046 6.00389 31044.05 274.4897 0.451053
54.03 6.75215 34155.11 301.9975 0.660484
60.03 7.501681 34861.74 308.2455 1.040992
66.03001 8.252486 35246.01 311.6432 1.451435
72.03001 9.002017 35580.53 314.601 1.849791
78.03001 9.751549 35889.53 317.3331 2.22897
84.03001 10.50235 36193.32 320.0192 2.61787
90.03001 11.25189 36466.07 322.4309 2.998221
96.03001 11.32697 34693.52 306.7581 3.043567
102.03 11.32569 34252.84 302.8616 3.034663
108.018 11.98869 36775.87 325.1701 3.36288
114.018 12.7395 36971.16 326.8968 3.734565
120.018 13.48903 37184.43 328.7825 4.105621
126.018 14.23983 37382.88 330.5373 4.477306
132.018 14.98936 37562.22 332.123 4.848361
Aluminum

138.018 15.7389 37723.58 333.5497 5.219417

Tensile stress

Tensile strain

144.018 16.4897 37867.15 334.8191 5.591102

150.018 17.23923 37994.5 335.9452 5.962158
156.018 17.98876 38108.62 336.9542 6.333213
162.018 18.73957 38200.23 337.7642 6.704898
168.018 19.4891 38288.01 338.5403 7.075953
174.018 20.23863 38354.49 339.1282 7.447009
180.018 20.98944 38419.37 339.7018 7.818695
186.018 21.73897 38470.49 340.1538 8.18975
192.018 22.4885 38516.43 340.56 8.560805
198.018 23.2393 38551.55 340.8705 8.93249
204.018 23.98884 38581.29 341.1335 9.303546
210.018 24.73964 38597.19 341.2741 9.675232
216.018 25.48917 38615.51 341.4361 10.04629
222.018 26.23998 38620.93 341.484 10.41797
228.018 26.98951 38619.87 341.4746 10.78903
234.018 27.73904 38609.41 341.3821 11.16008
240.018 28.48985 38595.08 341.2554 11.53177
246.018 29.23938 38574.48 341.0732 11.90282
252.018 29.98891 38540.41 340.772 12.27388
258.018 30.73971 38496.67 340.3853 12.64556
264.018 31.48924 38435.93 339.8482 13.01662
AHMAD ELKADRI (C00235640) 5
270.018 32.23878 38328.89 338.9018 13.38767
276.018 32.98958 38053.31 336.4651 13.75936
282.018 33.73911 37235.72 329.2361 14.13042
288.018 34.48991 35746.4 316.0676 14.5021
294.018 35.23945 33671.61 297.7224 14.87316
300.018 35.99025 30155.83 266.6361 15.24484
 STRUCTRAL ANALYSIS BENDING STRAIN AND STRAIN IN A BEAM CHRIS O’BYRNE

Length (mm) 182

Diameter (mm) 12
Length (mm) 182 Area
Diameter (mm) 12 (mm2) 113.0973355
2 Youngs
Area (mm ) 113.0973
Modulus
Youngs Modulus (E) (E)
(N/mm2) 186930 (N/mm2) 186930
Yield
Yield Strength (Re)
Aluminium

Strength
(N/mm2) 523.174 (Re)
Steel

Calculations
Tensile Strength (Rm) (N/mm2) 338.5403363
Tensile
(N/mm2) 609.2756 Strength
Ratio of Tensile (Rm)
Strength to Yield (N/mm2) 338.9017948
1.164576 Ratio of
Percentage
AHMAD Total
ELKADRI (C00235640)
Tensile 1.001067697
6

Elongation at Max 15.74167 Percenta

ge Total 12.64556
Percentage of Total
Percenta
Elongation at Failure 17.58001 ge of 15.24484
STRUCTRAL ANALYSIS BENDING STRAIN AND STRAIN IN A BEAM CHRIS O’BYRNE

AHMAD ELKADRI (C00235640) 7

STRUCTRAL ANALYSIS BENDING STRAIN AND STRAIN IN A BEAM CHRIS O’BYRNE

Tensile stress vs Tensile strain sample 1

700

600
Tensile stress (Mpa)

500

400

300

200

100

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Tensile strain (%)

young's modolus for sample 1

600
f(x) = 1921.76 x
500 R² = 0.99
Tensile stress (Mpa)

400

300

200

100

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
Tensile strain (%)

Tensile stress vs Tensile strain For Sample 2

400
350
300
Tensile stress (Mpa)

250
200
150
100
AHMAD ELKADRI (C00235640) 8
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Tensile Strain (%)
STRUCTRAL ANALYSIS BENDING STRAIN AND STRAIN IN A BEAM CHRIS O’BYRNE

young's Modulus for sample 2

300
f(x) = 651.58 x
250 R² = 0.99
Tensile stress (Mpa)

200

150

100

50

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Tensile strain (%)

AHMAD ELKADRI (C00235640) 9