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2020
Introduction the heat pump 3,4
Introduction the car air condentuner 5

Theoretical 6,7
Illustrations 8
Laws 9 , 10
Picture 11
Example 12 , 13 ,14
Refrance 14

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 Introduction the Heat pump

Heat pump is an efficient technology using heat source from ambient air.
Heat pump can generate large thermal energy with little electric energy.
Electric energy saving for cabin heating can extend driving range of
Battery Electric Vehicle Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle.

Heating performance is critically important in cold weather. The refrigerant

having lower temperatures than the ambient temperature can absorb heat from the
ambient temperature. However, the lower the density of the vaporized refrigerant.
The density reduction decreases heating performance. DENSO's Heat pump
system extracts high-density vapor and injects it into the compressor to increase
heating performance in cold environment, thereby overcoming the disadvantage
of Heat pump
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 Electric Compressor with Gas injection function
The lower the ambient temperature, the lower the refrigerant density.
DENSO has developed an electrically driven compressor equipped
with gas injection function to increase the mass flow rate of
circulating refrigerant. The high-density vapor refrigerant is injected
into the compressor to increase the mass flow rate and thus improves
heating performance

Compact Gas-liquid Separator with integrated Value

The refrigerant is decompressed in low pressure to absorb heat. By
decompressing in two steps (medium and low pressure), the refrigerant becomes
a mixture of vapor and liquid.DENSO has developed compact and high
efficiency Gas-liquid Separator to extract high density vapor refrigerant. The
new product has improved the Vehicle installability as well as the refrigerant
Separation capability.

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Introduction the car air conditioner
"Human comfort zone" how will you define it? As an autornobil
engineer we will define it as, an atmosphere that provides relax and
cause less fatigue to a human which can be achieved by an air
conditioning of the particular cabin that includes maintaining the
cabin's temperature between 20 to 25 degree centigrade and removing
the humidity from the cabin's atmosphere, in short by fitting air
conditioner in that cabin but now the question arises how is it possible
in a car's cockpit? Who will provide power to the air conditioner in a
car? Feeling curious? let's just find out. A car air conditioning system
consists of a compact version of the components of the normal air.

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Theoretical about car air conditioner

1.compressor:

It is also known as the heart of the AC system; a compressor provides pressure

rise to the refrigerant to convert the vapor refrigerant into liquid refrigerant
which in turn enables the further flow of the refrigerant through
condense

2.condenser:

It is the device looks like a small radiator and is used after the compressor as it
provides condensing i.e. lowers the temperature, if the high pressure and high
temperature liquid refrigerant send by compressor through forced convection
provided either by radiator fan or by separated fan used with condense

3.Expansion valve: -

It is a device used in car air conditioning system to expand the high pressure,
low temperature liquid refrigerant sends by the condenser in order to release
pressure of the refrigerant before sending it to evaporator for the further process

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4.Evaporator

It is a device that looks like another heat exchanger and is place just behind the
AC vent over a dash board of a car, an evaporator takes heat from the
passenger's compartment and convert the liquid refrigerant send by the
expansion valve into vapor, which in turn provides cooling through the fan
inside a passenger's cabin

5.Receiver-Dryer-
It is a safety catch used in an automobile or car air conditioning system as there
is a chance that instead of vapors some liquid also flows towards the compressor
which can damage the compressor, so the receiver dryer is used in between
evaporator and compressor to Convert that remaining liquid into vapors before
sending it to compressor for compression.

6.Refrigerant-
It is the heat sensitive fluid with very low boiling point what is used in
AC as a medium of heat exchanging.

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Illustrations

Heat pump

Cooling Heating

T.H out dor

H .T
hous

QH QH

Wnet H. P wnet
H.P
QL

QL
L.T T. L
house out dor

𝑄𝐿 𝑄𝐻
cop= cop =
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑄𝐻−𝑄𝐿

EER = 3.412 COPR

1 1
COP Cooling =𝑄𝐻 COP =
−1 1−𝑄𝐿 −𝑄𝐻
𝑄𝐿

𝑇𝐻 /𝑇𝐿 𝑇𝐿 /𝑇𝐻

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Laws

Energy balance
Ein = Eout
Win + QL = QH
Win = QH _ QL………….1

Coefficient of
𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑢𝑡
Cop = ……………….2
𝑊𝑖𝑛

𝑄
Cop = 𝑊𝐻 …………………3
𝑖𝑛

𝑄𝐻 𝑄𝐻
Cop = 𝑄 = 1− …………4
𝐻 −𝑄𝐿 𝑄𝐿

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Heat pump

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑄𝐻
COPHP = =
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡,𝑟𝑒𝑣

𝑄𝐻 1
COPHP = =
𝑄𝐻 _ 𝑄𝐿 1−𝑄𝐿 /𝑄𝐻

COPHP = COPR + 1 For fixed values of QL and QH

Coefficient of performance
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑄𝐿
COPR = =
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡,𝑖𝑛

Wnet,in = QH _ QL ( kJ)

𝑄𝐿 1
COPR = −
𝑄𝐻 −𝑄𝐿 𝑄𝐻 /𝑄𝐿 −1

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Picture

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 Example "1"
An air-conditioning system operating on the reversed Carnot cycle is required to
transfer heat from a house at a rate of 750 KJ/min to maintain its temperature at
24°C. It the outdoor air temperature is 35°C. determine the power required to
operate this air-conditioning system.

Solution
𝟏 𝟏
CopR.rev = = = 27.0
(𝑇𝐻 /𝑇𝐿 )−𝟏 (𝟑𝟓+𝟐𝟕𝟑𝑲) /(𝟐𝟒+𝟐𝟕𝟑𝑲)−𝟏

𝑸𝑳̇ 𝟕𝟓𝟎𝑲𝑱/𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝑾̇net.in = = = 27.8 KJ/min = 0.463KW
𝑪𝑶𝑷𝑹.𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐𝟕.𝟎

Example "2”: A Carnot heat used to heat a house runs about one third of the
time. The house is losing heat at an average rate of 22,000 KJ/h. If the COP of
the heat pump is 2.8, determine the power the heat pump draws when running.
Solution

𝑄̇H = 3*(22,000KJ/h) = 66,000 KJ/h

𝑄̇𝐻 66,000 𝑘𝐽ℎ 1 𝑘𝑤

𝑊̇ net,in = = [ 3600𝑘𝐽 = 6.55 𝑘𝑤]
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐻𝑃 2.8
ℎ

Example"3"
A heat Pump is used to heat a house and maintain it at 24°C. On a winter day
when the outdoor air temperature is -5°C, the house is estimated to lose heat at a
rate of 80,000 KJ/h. Determine the minimum power required to operate this heat
pump.
Solution
1 1
COPHP,rev = = = 10.2
1−(𝑇𝐿/𝑇𝐻 ) 1−(−5+273 𝐾)/(24+273 𝐾)

𝑄̇𝐻 80,000 𝐾𝐽/ℎ 1ℎ

𝑊̇ net.in.min = = [ ] = 2.18 kW
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐻𝑃 10.2 3600

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Example “4”

An air-conditioning system is used to maintain a house at 72°Fwhen the

temperature outside is 90°F. If this air-conditioning system draws 5 hp of
power when operating determine the maximum rate of heat removal from the
house that is can accomplish.

1 1
COPR,rev = = = 29.6
(𝑇𝐻 /𝑇𝐿 )−1 (90+460 𝑅)/(72+460 𝑅)−

= COPR𝑊̇ net,in𝑄̇𝐿
42.41𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑚𝑖𝑛
= (29.6)(5hp) [ ] = 6277 Btu/min
1 ℎ𝑝

Example “5”
An air-conditioning system is used to maintain a house at 75°75°F when the
temperature outside is 95°F. The house is gaining heat through the walls and the
windows at a rate of 800 Btu/min. and the heat generation rate within the house
from people, light, and appliances amounts to 100 Btu/min. Determine the
minimum power input required for this air-conditioning system

1 1
COPR,rev = =
(𝑇𝐻 /𝑇𝐿 )−1 (95+460 𝑅)/(75+460 𝑅)−
= 26.75

L= 800+100 = 900 Btu/min𝑄̇

𝑄̇𝐿 900 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑊̇𝑛𝑒𝑡,𝑖𝑛,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 33.6 Btu/min = 0.79 hp
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅,𝑚𝑎𝑥 26.75

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 Example “6”
Determine the COP of a heat pump that supplies energy to a house at a rate of
8000 KJ/h for each kW of electric power it draws. Also, determine the rate of
energy absorption from the outdoor air.
𝑄̇𝐻 8000 𝑘𝐽/ℎ 1𝑘𝑊
COPHP = = [ ] = 2.22
𝑊̇𝑛𝑒𝑡,𝑖𝑛 1𝑘𝑊 3600𝑘𝐽/ℎ

𝑄̇𝐿= 𝑄̇𝐻 − 𝑤̇ 𝑛𝑒𝑡,𝑖𝑛 = (8,000 kJ/h) _ (1) (3600Kj/h) = 4400

Reference
Thermodynamics, yunus A Cengel , fifth edition
https://www.denso.com/us-ca/en/products -and-services/thermal/pick-up/hpacs
http://www.mechanicalbooster.com

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