STEP OF Square Footing Design

Step-1:

Determination of Net allowable soil pressure (qn)

Step-2:

Determination of footing size

Step-3:

Determination of resisting pressure from the base using factored load.

Step-4:

Assessment of depth of footing

a) Depth from bending moment consideration (does not control )

b) Depth from shear force consideration:-
I. Maximum of :-
i. Depth from punching shear/two way shear consideration
ii. Emprical formula.
iii. ……………………

II. Depth from one way shear consideration/beam shear

Step-5:

Assessment of steel in footing

Step-6:

Check for adequacy of steel provided :-

i. Minimum steel for shrinkage / temperature crack .

ii. Minimum steel for flexure.

Step-7:

( transfer of force at base of column )

I. Check for bearing stress of column ( N1)

II. Check for bearing strength of footing (N2)

Step-8 :
 I. Check for load to be transferred by dowels
II. Check for embedment lenth of dowel in concrete

DESIGN A SQUARE FOOTING

Given

Column-Interior Column Size 18ʹʹ×18ʹʹ

Reinforcement =9#6 bar (1.76% steel)

Dead load = 170 kip

Live load = 120kip

Allowable bearing capacity = 3500lb/sft

fʹC = Ultimate concrete strength=3000psi

fy = 60,000psi

Foundation depth =4 ft

Use ACI Code 318 for design footing.

SOLUTION:

STEP-1

Determination net allowable pressure qn :-

Assume thickness of footing = 2ˈ=24ʺ

Weight of footing/sq.ft = 2ʹ×(1ˈ×1ˈ)×150lb/cft = 300lb (where concrete wt.=150pcf)

Weight of soil / surcharge = (4ʺ-2ʺ)×(1ʺ×1ʺ)×100lb/cft =200lb

Net allowable soil pressure qn = allowable bearing capacity –weight of concrete+weight of

soil

= 3500lb- (300lb+200lb) =3000lb =3kip/ft

Step-2

Determination of footing size:-

Total load coming through the column;

=D.L + L.L

=170K+120K = 290kip

Area of footing = total load through columm/net allowable bearing capacity upward soil
pressure.

290
= =96.6666Sq.ft
3

It is a square footing;

Its side lenth =√ 96.666

=9.84 ft.

Provide 10ˈ×10ˈ Square footing.

Step -3

Determination of resisting pressure from the base using factored load.

Factored load = 1.4DL+1.7LL

= 1.4×170kip+1.7×120kip

=442kip

Resisting upward pressure from the base = Total factored load/Area of footing provided.

442
= 10ˈˈ ×10 ˈˈ

=4.42kip/s.ft

Step-4

Assessment of depth of footing (cross checking of the depth of footing assumed).

4(a): check from bending moment consideration (through we know bending moment does
not control depth –infact depth is controled by shear).

(*Bending action will be at the force of the column at a distance from L 1 from the edge of
the footing.)

L
L1= −18} over { 2 × 12 ¿
2
 10
= 2 −18} over {2 × 12 ¿

= 4.25ft.

WL2
MometMU =
2

4.42 × ( 4.25 )2
= 2

=39.918kip.ft

= 479.017kip.in

ρ fy
R=ρfy(1−0.59
f'c
)

f 'C ϵu
(where ρ=0.85 βı =0.015)
fy ϵu +0.004

0.015× 60000
R =0.015×60000(1−0.59× 3000
¿

R=704.7

M = Rbd2

M
d=
√ Rb

479.017 ×1000
= √ 740.7 ×12ˈʹ

=7.40”
4(b).Shear force consideration.

b1 two way shear ≈ punching shear.

We assumed thickness of footing =24ˈˈ

d = 24ˈˈ-3ˈˈcover-1.5×3/4 (if we use 3/4ˈˈφ steel in footing).

19.875ˈˈ

Puching side lenth =15” +d =18” + 19.875” =37.87”=3.15’

Punching shear (vu) =factored load (pu)−¿qn(net upward pressure)×punching area.

=442−4.42×( 3.15’×3.15’ )

=398.14kip

Calculation of ʺ dʺ from punching shear.

Vu
a) d = φ { 4 √ f ˈ c × b ∘ } [ where b∘ =perimeter bof punching area ]

398.14 kip ×1000lb

=
0.75× 4 √ 3000 ×151.5 ' '

=16”

Vu
b) d= φ
{bα∘d + 2}√ f ˈ c × b ∘
398.14 ×1000 lb
= 0.75 40 ×19.875 +2 × √ 3000 ×151.15
{
151.15 }
=8.82’’

Vu
c) d=
4 × √ fʹc ×b ∘
398.14 × 1000 lb
= 4 × √ 3000 ×151.15
=12’’
b2 assessment of d on the base of one way shear.
 10 ft 18ʺ 19.875 ʹʹ
L1= − −
2 12 12

=5’−0.75’−1.656’
=2.60ʹʹ

One way shear (VU)=qn×12ft×L1

=4.42×10ʹ×2.60ʹ

=114.92kip

Vu
d¿
φ 2 √ f ' c ×b ∘

114.92 × 1000 lb
= 0.75× 2 √ 3000 ×10 ×12

=11.65ʹʹ
So out of the five “d” value 16ʹʹ the maximum.we accept 16 ʹʹas the value for design.

Thickness = 16ʹʹ+3” cover+1.5×(3/4ʹʹ)

=20.12ʹʹ<24ʹʹ provide ( hence ok )

d used = 19.875” also ok.

Step-5

Assesment of steel.

MU =∅ASfyjd

39.918 ×1000lb × 12
AS ¿
0.90× 60000 ×0.888 ×19.875
(where ∅=reduction factor)

=0.5030 pcf.inch strip of footing.

12ʹʹ × 0.44
Spacing =
0.5030

=10.49ʹʹ

Provide 5/8ʹʹ∅ 10ʹʹ c to c bothways.

Step-6

Check for adequency steel.

1. Minimum steel for shrinkage/temperature = 0.0018bh in2 for grade 60

= 0.432 in2¿0.5030 sq. inche (Hence ok)
2. Minimum steel for flexure,

200
AS = bd
fy

200
= ×10×19.875
6000

=0.495 in2 ≤ 0.5030 in2 (Hence ok).

Step-7

Check for bearing strenth of column (N1) :-

N1 = ∅(0.85×3000×18ˈˈ×18ˈˈ)

= 0.75×0.85×3000×18×18

=620kip

Factored load = 442k¿620k ( Hence ok)

Check for bearing strength of footing :-

A1
Bearing strength of footing increases by a factor =
√ A2

Where,

A1 = Area of pyramid.

A2 = Area of column.

= (√ 1.12583.270
×1.125 )

Required = 2×N1
 = 2×402k

=804k¿442k ( Hence ok)

Step-8 : -

Load to be transferred by dowels :

Pdowel =Pu(factored load) – bearing strength of column conrete.

= 442k – 620k = (-)178k

No dowel bar necessary but minimun dowel to be provide.

Embedment of dowel in concrete lenth minimun(Ld) :

3 ʹʹ
0.02 fy × db 0.02× 60000×
1. Ld = = 4
√fʹc
√ 3000

=16.43ʹʹ≈17ʹʹfor 3/4∅ bar

2. If should be not less then 0.003fydb=13ʹʹ
3. Minimum 8 inche.

FIG-DETAILING