FORMULARIO OFICIAL PARA CERTAMENES DE FIS 140

Constantes Óptica Geométrica

n = c/v n1λ1 = n2 λ 2
c = 3 ⋅ 108 [m / s] ; e ≈ 1,6 ⋅ 10 − 19 [C]
n1 sen θ1 = n2 sen θ 2 θr = θ1
k c = 1 4πε0 = 9, ⋅ 10 [Nm / C ] 9 2 2
1 1 1
+ =
s s' ƒ
e2 4πε0 = 1,44[eV ⋅ nm] ; µ0 = 4π ⋅ 10 − 7 [N / A 2 ] = R / 2 : espejos
− 34 − 15
h = 6,6 ⋅10 [J ⋅ s] = 4,1⋅10 [eV ⋅ s] 1 1 1
= ( n − 1) − : lentes
h ⋅ c = 1240 [eV ⋅ nm] = h / 2π R1 R 2

NA = 6,0 ⋅10 23 [m ol− 1 ]

k B = 1,38 ⋅10 − 23 [J / K] = 1/ 12000[eV / K] −

1[eV] = 1,6 ⋅10 − 19 [J]
1[u] = 1,66 ⋅10 − 27 [kg] = 931,5 MeV / c 2

1[ m] = 10 − 15 [m]

Física clásica
−
dp v2
Fneta = ; p = mv ; ac =
dt R
Óptica Ondulatoria
1 p2 mgh
K = m v2 = ; E = K+U Dos fuentes en fase:
2 2m 1
φ
U= kx 2
2 I = I0 cos2 φ = k d sen θ
(
F = q E + v×B ) q ∆V
2

m λ : m áxim os

( )
Ecuaciones de Maxwell dsen θ = 1
m+ λ : m ínim os
E ⋅dA = Q / ε0 ; B ⋅ dA = 0 2

sen α + sen β = 2⋅ sen [(α +β)/2]⋅ cos [(α −β)/2]

d d
E ⋅ ds = − φ ; B ⋅ ds = µ0I + µ0 ε0 φ Interferencia N rendijas:
dt B dt E 2
sen N φ / 2
I = I0 φ = k d sen θ
φE = E ⋅dA ; φB = B ⋅dA sen φ / 2
2
sen β / 2
Difracción una rendija : I = I0
w E = ε ⋅ E2 / 2 w B = B2 / 2µ0 β/2
β = k a sen θ ; a sen θ = m λ : m ínim os.
Onda electromagnética
Red de difracción: dsen θ = m λ : m áxim os.
∂ 2E y E
1 ∂ Ey
2
k
= 2 ⋅
∂ x2 v ∂ t2 B S = ExB / µ0 Polarización: I = I0 cos2 α

∂ 2B z 1 ∂ Bz
2
1 Resolución: D sen θ = 1,22λ
= ⋅ ; v=
∂ x2 v2 ∂t2 εµ

E y (x, t) = E0 cos(kx − ω t)
Bz (x,t) = B0 cos(kx − ω t)
B0 = E0 / v n = c/v
ω = kv ↔ v = λ f ω = 2π f k = 2π / λ n n
1
w E = w B = ε E2
2
w EB = w E + w B
0 dx 0 dx
1
S = I = v w EB = v ε E02 S = Potencia / Area
2
Energia : ∆E = S ⋅ A ⋅ ∆t
Momentum : ∆ p = ∆ E c
Relatividad especial Configuración electrónica
x ' = γ ( x − vt ) ; y ' = y ; z' = z 1s 2
2 s 2 2 p 6

1
t ' = γ ( t − v x / c2 ) ; γ = 3 s 2
3 p 6
3 d 1 0

1 − (v / c)2 4 s 2
4 p 6
4 d 1 0
4 f 1 4

2
uy 5 s
ux − v
u'x = ; u'y =
1 − ux ⋅ v / c γ (1 − ux ⋅ v / c 2 )
2

Moléculas
uz L
u'z = ; L = 0 ; τ = γτ0 2
γ (1 − ux ⋅ v / c 2 ) γ Erot. = J ( J + 1) ; ∆ J = ± 1 ,
2I
Dinámica de una partícula: 1
Evib. = ν + hƒ ; ∆ν = ± 1
dp 2
F= ; p = γ mu ; E0 = m c 2
dt
Nuclear
; E 2 = E02 + ( pc )
2
E = γ m c 2 = E0 + K A
Z
XN , A = Z+N Radio = 1,2 ⋅ A1/ 3 [ m]
Cuántica
Decaimiento
h 1 p2
λB = E = hƒ K = m v2 = N(t) = N0 ⋅ e−λ t N(t) = N0 ⋅ 2− t / T
p 2 2m
I = σ eT 4 σ = 5,67 ⋅ 10 [W / m K ]
−8 2 4
λT = ( 2) ; R=
dN
= λN
λmT = 3 ⋅ 10 −3
[m ⋅ K ] : Cuerpo Negro dt
hƒ = K máx. + φ0 : E. Fotoeléctrico α : 42 He , β± : e± + ν±
λ '− λ = λ C (1 − cos θ ) : E. Compton
h
Energía de ligazón (Eb )
λC = = 2, 4 ⋅ 1 0 − 12 [m] : e lectro n
mc M ( AZ X ) = ( Z ⋅ mp + N⋅m ) −E
n b / c2
2dsen θ = m λ : Rayos X
∆ x ⋅ ∆ p x ≥ h 4 π P. Incertidumbre Energía en reposo: mc 2 [MeV ]
• Electrón : 0,511 ( m = 9,11⋅ 10 −31 [ kg ] )
2
∂Ψ
− ∇2 + U Ψ ( r,t ) = i .
2m ∂t • Neutrón : 939,57
Ψ ( x,t ) = ψ ( x ) ⋅ e −iEt /
• Tritión 3
H : 2808,94
1
2
dψ 2
• Protón 11H : 938,28 ( m = 1,67 ⋅ 10−27 [ kg ] )
1–dimensión: − + Uψ = Eψ
2m dx 2
2
ψ ''+ k 2ψ = 0 ψ = e ± ikx • Deuterón 1 H : 1875,63
ψ ''− α 2 ψ = 0 ψ = e ±α x • 4
2 He : 3727,40
2
Valor medio: f = f(x) ψ(x) dx
Símbolos para potencias de 10
10 − 9 : n
Pozo infinito
U(x) = 0, 0 < x < L ψ (x) = A senk x 10 − 6 : µ
π2 2 103 : k
kn = n π / L En = 2
⋅ n2 106 : M
2m L
109 : G
Átomos hidrogenoides
2
dP = ψ(r, θ, ϕ) r 2sen θ drd θ d ϕ Ayudas
∞
− Γ +
Z
En = − 13,6[eV] ⋅ 2
2
= +
n −∞

L= ( + 1) , ∆ = ±1 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅⋅⋅ −
Γ + = π
Lz = m , ∆ m = 0, ± 1

Energía magnética: EB = −µ ⋅ B Γ = −
e
µ=− L
2m