E8L PU!W oj 4lS 5U!Jq oi = (A) .
:l)IOAa
Ml?I a4l JO d1a4 a4l 4l!M
asnou e JO mo qs aJJOJ oi = (A) :P!Aa
qis P!OAe oi = (A) apeAa
uouenqaq JO aJe1d e = (u) 6u111aMp
Jla 'Al!SJaA!Un ell? siuaprns JOJ
SJcllJt?nb 5U!A!J cl4l = (u) AJOl!WJOp
1uaJl?A!nba s,qs = (u) lJt?dJalunoJ
adAl 1uaJclH!P e OlU! 4lS a6ue4J
oi = (A) (asja 4lS OlU! 4lS) lJ.:IAUO)
qs 4l!M UO!ll?SJclAUOJ
e aAe4 01 = (A) ( qs 4l!M) asJaAuo:>
a1qe>1eaJq = (Ipe) ainpq
aas 01 4S!M lOU op I qs WOJJ
AeMe >JOOJ 01 = (J4d) aze6 AW lJaAe
uoueroadxa
ajqamsaajd e = (u) ~O!ledpnue
d!4SUO!lelaJ
1e1Jos JO ssauisnq e = (u) UO!ll?!J!HI?
4lS a1nmsuOJ oi = (A J4d) JOJ lUnOJ)I?
aurou s.qs = (u) apoqe
CsL-vL ·dd)
L a6pa1Mou)I a6en6ue1
qs inoqe UO!leWJOJU!
aAqe5au peaids 01 = (A) AJ!J!A
0
lS IWJOJUOJ-UOU e = (u) 1aqaJ
spJo~ s.qs 1eadaJ oi = (A) aionb
4lS SS!W Ol = (A) )IOOJJ.:IAO
aA1ssaJxa = (Ipe) aA1ssasqo
pa4s!1qelsa ,.<;jluaJaJ = (Ipe) punojwau
aJuauadxa JO >JJe1 e = (u) AlaA1eu
· JcJP!SlnO ue = (u) l!JS!W
clAllOW e = (u) .:IA!lUclJU!
snoauciuods = (Ipc) aA1s1ndw1
qs clS!eJd Ol = (A) AJ!JOJfi
4lS JeaJ oi = (A) paarp
u! l!J lOU saop 04M qs = (wp!)
a1o4 aJenbs e U! 6ad puno i e
(£ L •d) L )IJOM Sll!>IS
si1w111as 01 = (J4d) saucpunoq ras
SUO!SSclJUOJ
a:iiew 01 = (J4d) sasuuorduroo a>1ew
1uaw1u!oddeS!P
6UOJlS = (u) uone.usruj
CzL·d)H
rasdn I.Ja11. = (Ipe) pare.usru]
41s
JO puo, aq 01 = (J4d) 4lS uo uaa>i aq
(LL ·d) aL
fiurpuodsauoo = (lpe) a11.n:>adsaJ
4s,qJnJaJ 01 = (11.) a1e11.ouaJ
JOS!11.pe ue = (u) JOlUclW
41s
LI! lUcl!]!jOJd auiooaq oi = (11.) J.:llSl?W
auro.nno :>11a41sae
ue 4l!M suapref 6u1u61sap
= (u) fiujuapref adeospucj
5U!4lclWOS (4lS) unouoJd
,.<;poqawos (qs) UO!l!SOdaJd
qJaA (A) unou 1em1d
,.<;1snopuawaJl = (Ape) AJasuaww1
AllSJclAIUn 1Je1s no,{
arojaq sajpms J~o,.<; ~OJJ HO Jea,.<;
auo 6u1>J~l JO pe a41 = (u) Jea,{ def
ssauisnq e JOJ 1e11deJ = (u [d) spun]
41s JOJ AclUOW ap!AOJd oi = (A) pun]
ssa141nJ = (Ipe) ll?OJ4nn:>
41s ruaurajddns oi = (11.) lUawa1dwo:>
Al!UnlJOddo
ssauisnq e = (u) arrnuax ssauisnq
· lOU Ol = (A) (4lS WOJJ qs) apnpxa
41s JO ,{rnuenb a5JeJ
AJaA e = (J4d) JO lS04 (a104M) e
(OL ·d) PL
asraid :>!1qnd ap!MPIJOM
= (J·4d) wiep:>e paardsappw
Al!WeJ
a1e1paww! s.aJ!M Jo s.puaqsnq
s,qs JO sraquraur = (u [d) SMl?J-U!
4lS JO clA!leluasaJdaJ
.snouiej AJaA = (Ipe) :>1uo:>1
a1qnOJl = (u) a1sse4
(1euO!SSclJOJd e ue41
Ja41eJ JJclSJnOA ,.<;q apeui SJ!edaJ
aurou) 11asJno).. - 11 - oo = (J4d) Ala
(6-8 ·dd) ) L e 6u!11.e4 (ado1s e JO) = (!pe) daa1s
Mel!/\ JO lU!Od AW
ssardxo oi = (J4d) uojujdo ,{w a:>1011.
41s JOJ qs 4l!M aiaduroo oi = (A) a111.
sauru pcq U! pue scum poo5
U! = (WP!) U!4l pue )IJ!4l 46noJ4l
iuaumfue
ue u1 uouisod Jno,.<; U!l?lU!ew
oi = (~P!) punorf AW puers
>JU!4l 11e4M Alpexa
,{es 01 = (J4d) puuu ,{w >1eads
4l!M puoq
1e!:>ads e aAe4 no,{ qs = (u) alew1nos
dn l!Jds 01 (ajdnoa e JO)= (A) clll?Jedas
41s uo qs
411M aaJ5e 01 = (wp!) a,{a or a,{a ass
· no,.<; JOJ poo5
41s auop se4 04M qs JOJ Jei!W!S
41s op 01 = (J4d) Jno11.eJ a4l uJnlaJ
ruaumfiie ue
ainas 01 = (J4d) amdsrp e a11.1osaJ
qs
411M 41s moqe an5Je 01 = (A) JaJJenb
· asnods e = (u) JaUlJl?d
qs aroufi: 01 = (A) :pa16au
JeJ!W!S AJclA
aq 01 = (WP!) pod e u1 sead OMl a>111
d1a4 01 JapJo
U! 41s LI! da1s 01 = (A) aua11.JalU!
4lS 1noqe ASOU aq Ol = (A) .:IJclJJcllU!
Pl!4J e ,.<;po1sn:>
ie6a1 a41 se4 o4M qs = (u) ue1pJen6
MOU>J no,.<; auoawos 01 aso1J
S! 04M qs/JlclM MOU>J lOU op no,.<;
1e41 qs = (J4d) puapJ e JO puapJ
(uoJd) qJa11. ieseJ4d (A J4d) UO!lJunf uoJ
(daJd) aseJ4d (J4d)
(u Jd) unou (u)
SUOSJad
uaaM1aq 4sep e = (u) UO!:P!JJ
spua!JJ Mau
a>Jew 01 = (J4d) sd14spuapJ WJO
a>J!I pue MOU>J AJ!Wl?J e JO sJaqwaw
a41 Jll? 1e41 qs = (u) puapJ AJ!Wl?J
no,.<; JOJ JlaM 06 s6u!4l
ua4M AIUO uosJad papJe5aJ
,.<;1asop e = (J4d) puapJ Ja4leaM-J!l?J
Al!A!lJe ue U! qs apn1:>u!
41s/qs 4l!M 11neJ PU!J Ol = (A) asp!l!n
4lS/qs 4l!M
aJueue11. 1e aq Ol = (A) :P!Pt?JlUO:>
· 1uawn6Je ue = (u) :P!JJUO:>
pua!JJ e = (u) uo1uedwo:>
aJuapadxa ,.<;q papaHe
lclA lOU PU!W e = (u) .:lll?JS )IUl?Jq
All4fi!IS
MOU>J no,< qs = (u) a:>Ul?lU!l?nb:>e
qs lJasap Ol = (11.) uopueqe
(L-9 ·dd) q
PIO = (!pe) afil?lU!A
,.<;1au!nua6 = (11.pe) AJnJl
uo!leu,1:>u! dJe4s
AlUn:>as = (u) ki!J!qe1s
poJ '1aa4M e = (u) a>iods
AJclA!l!SOd 6u!peaJ = (!pe) aA1suodsa1
papadxaun '.a:>ue4:> = (!pe) wopueJ
11 6u1op sJa4lO 6u!AJasqo ,.<;q
lll>JS Mau ~ uJea1 Ol = (11. J4d) dn >1:>!d
· aJe1d lSJ!J a4l U! = (Ape) AJll?U!6!JO
6uqaaJ5 wJeM
e = (J4d) awo:>1a:V. pawJe-uado
a1!qow = (!pe) :>1pewou
asJaAeJl Ol = (A) .:ll1?6111.eu
aJ1dsu1 Ol = (A) clll?A!lOW
SlJed 5U!>JJ~M,;, (u 1d) S)!U1?4:>aw
UOllnJaxa pue
6u,uue1d Ol 6U!ll?lclJ = .(fpe) Jl?J!lS!601
AllSOJaua5 = (u) ssaupu1~
a1qeAa!i°aqun = (!pe) a1q1paJ:>U!
4lS
WOJJ a1q!ssod se 4Jnw se l!Jauaq
Ol = (J4d) 4lS JO lnO lSOW cl4l l.:l6
JOJ ,{ed 01 = (A) pun1
Ja5ueJlS e 4l!M 6u!1aaw
papadxaun ue = (u) Jaluno:>ua
:>la 'JaaJeJ e 'AaUJnof
e lJl?lS Ol = (11.) (4ls uo) )!Jeqwa
pua ue
Ol awo:> Ol = (J4d) asop e Ol Ml?JP
ssa:>oJd
e u1 a6e1s e '.ase4d e = (u) Jalde4>
· 4lS a:>ua,Jadxa Ol = (J4d)
4lS JO pua 6u111.1a:>aJ a4l uo ao
6u16ua1ie4:> = (!pe) snO!l!qwr
alnOJ e ;a11.o = (J4d) Al?M a4l 6uo1£
(s-v ·dd) e~
I
(fuoJ)
qJaApe (Ape) SUO!ll?!AaJqqv
I :
aA!Pafpe (!pe)
I
stimulating (adj) =
thought-provoking
stone cold (phr) = completely cold
stray (adj) = (of a pet) lost; without
home
touch wood (idm) = let's hope for
the best
tour (n) = a journey for pleasure
during which you visit many
places
travel (n) = going from one place to
another
trek (v) = to walk in a hilly area for
pleasure
trip (n) = a short journey
variety is the spice of life (idm) =
many different things make life
more interesting
vibrant (adj) = (of colours) bright
wobble (v) = to move from side to
side in an unsteady way
7c (pp. 80-81)
crave (v) = to long for sth
rapids (pl n) = the section of a river
with the fast-moving water
ration (n) = an individual amount of
sth
sturdy (adj) = strong and well-made
7f (p. 84)
harness (n) = a set of straps to keep
sb in place and prevent them
from falling
murky (adj) = ( of water) dark and
dirty
tow (v) = to pull sb with a rope
Skills Work 7 (p. 85)
cacophony (n) = a loud annoying
combination of sounds
chirp (v) = (of an insect or bird) to
make short high-pitched sounds
emanate (v) = to come from a
particular source
icequake (n) = a violent shaking due
to the breaking up of masses of ice
intermittently (adv) = sporadically
Language Knowledge7
(pp. 86-87)
a course of action (phr) = a number
of steps that you should take in
order to achieve sth
a range of (phr) = a variety of sth
absorb (v) = to soak up a liquid
adaptation (n) = changing sth to
make it suitable for a new purpose
adequate (adj) = sufficient
alternate (adj)= happening every
other day
appropriate (adj) = suitable
approximate (adj) = not exact
canopy (n) = the top level of
branches of trees in a forest
compensate (v) = to have to pay
money for damage you have
caused
compliment (v) = to say a few good
words to sb to please them
compromise (v) = to accept less
than what you wanted in order to
reach an agreement with sb
crane (n) = a big machine for lifting
heavy objects
deteriorate (v) = to worsen
determine (v) = to officially decide
what sth should be
diminish (v) = to become less
displace (v) = to make sb/sth move
away from their place
distort (v) = to report sth in an
untrue or incorrect way
drastically (adv) = radically
draw on the knowledge (phr) = to
use certain information to
achieve sth
drench (v) = to make sb/sth
completely wet
elimination (n) = removal
emissions (pl n) = exhaust fumes
enforce (v) = to make sure that
people observe a law, a rule, etc
exhalation (n) = breathing air out of
your mouth
exposure (n) = not being protected
from sth dangerous
groan (n) = a moan
grunt (n) = a short low sound to
show annoyance or boredom
innovation (n) = a new method or
idea
make an exception (phr) = to not
include sb in a rule
moisten (v) = to make sth a little wet
monitor (v) = to closely watch and
check sth
opposition (n) = strong disapproval
presently (adv) = soon
regulate (v) = to control a process
reluctantly (adv) = unwillingly
scarce (adj) = rare
scope (n) = a range of things included
in an activity, subject, etc
sharp (adv) = exactly
smart (adj) = clever; (of a person)
neat and clean
snap (n) = an unexpected loud
sound of sth breaking
soak (v) = (of a liquid) to seep into a
place
square (adv) = directly
stream (n) = a number of things one
after the other
the extent of (phr) = the degree of
sth
the scale of (phr) = the magnitude
of sth
the size of (phr) = the
dimension/amount of sth
virtually (adv)= almost
Sa (pp. 88-89)
array (n) = a certain number (of
people/things)
burrow (n) = an underground
passagethat some animals make
to live in
camera rig (n) = a structure for
holding movie cameras
compromise (v) = to do sth against
your beliefs and principles
crucial (adj) = essential
culprit (n) = sb who has committed
a crime
detached (adj) = disconnected
distant (adj) = far-away
evolving (adj) = developing
immersive (adj) = engaging
multiple (adj) = numerous
render (v) = to change the condition
of sth
subtly (adv) = not quite obviously
terabyte (n) = a unit measuring
computer storage, equal to 1
trillion bytes
viable (adj) = functional
visual (adj) = observable
Sb (pp. 90-91)
anchor (n) = a newsreader
caption (n) = words under a picture
explaining it
columnist (n) = a newspaper/
magazine journalist who writes
about a specific subject
concise (adj) = brief and clear
correspondent (n) = a newspaper/
TV journalist who is employed to
report from a specific area
exquisite (adj) = very beautiful and
delicate
feature (n) = a rather long story in a
newspaper/magazine
first-rate (adj) = excellent
get around (phr v) = (of news) to
spread
heading (n) = the title of a chapter
hold a press conference (phr) = to
have a meeting during which sb
answers journalists' questions
inadequate (adj) = not enough
insufficient (adj) = less than needed
invaluable (adj) = highly useful
issue a press release (phr) = to
make an official statement for the
newspapers, radio and TV
lavish (adj) = extravagant
let on (phr v) = to reveal secret
information
make the front page (phr) = (of a
piece of news) to be so important
that it appears on the first page
of a newspaper
news bulletin (n) = a brief TV /radio
programme with the most
important pieces of news
optimum (adj) = the most suitable