COALESCING A BRACKETED

SEQUENCE OF IMAGES FOR HIGH

QUALITY IMAGE ACQUISITION

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by
JYOTI RAGHAV

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2018-2020)

KIIT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

MAHARASHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY
BHONDSI, GURUGRAM
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “Coalescing a Bracketed Sequence of Images
for High Quality Image Acquisition”, submitted by Jyoti Raghav (<Roll number>) is a
bonafide work carried out by them at KIIT COLLEGE OF ENGG. BHONDSI, GURUGRAM
under my guidance. The matter embodied in this project report has not been submitted earlier
for the award of any degree or diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Mr Atul Kumar
(Professor)
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
KIIT College of Engineering, Bhondsi
Gurugram, Haryana
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals, organizations and blessings of the ALMIGHTY. I would
like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

I would like to express my gratitude towards our parents & member of KIIT college of
Engineering especially Prof. Sharvan kumar (HoD, Computer Science & Engineering) and my
project guide Mr. Atul kumar (Professor, Computer Science & Engineering) for their kind co-
operation and encouragement which helped me in completion of this project.

My thanks and appreciations also go to our colleague in developing the project and people who
have willingly helped us out with their abilities.

JYOTI RAGHAV
 9h June 2020

ABSTRACT

A technique for coalescing a bracketed sequence of images into a high-quality image is

proposed using DCT and luminance, chrominance techniques. DCT involves dividing the
images to be coalesced into non-overlapping blocks of size NxN. DCT coefficients are
computed for each block and coalesced rules are applied to get coalesced DCT coefficients.
IDCT is then applied on the coalesced coefficients to produce the coalesced image/block. The
procedure is repeated for each block. The second technique is based on blending the acclivated
luminance components of the input images using the maximum inclined magnitude at each
pixel location and then obtaining the coalescence luminance using a Haar wavelet-based image
reconstruction technique.

The proposed algorithms are simple, easy to implement and could be used for real time
applications. Experimental results and comparison show that the visual quality of these two
techniques are comparable and produces fast, similar or better results than existing techniques.
The implemented techniques is significantly useful for coalescing out of focus images.
 CONTENTS(TBD)

1. Chapter – 1 Introduction.....................................................................................1-3
1.1. Overview...........................................................................................................1
1.2. Background.......................................................................................................3

2. Chapter – 2 Existing System..............................................................................4-11

2.1. Overview...........................................................................................................4
2.2. Classification of existing fusion techniques.....................................................5
2.2.1. Laplacian pyramid..................................................................................5
2.2.2. Wavelet transformation..........................................................................7
2.2.3. CEMIF....................................................................................................8
2.2.4. Multi-resolution Singular Value Decomposition..................................9

3. Chapter – 3 Proposed System........................................................................12-13

3.1. Overview........................................................................................................12
3.2. Objective.........................................................................................................12
3.3. Hardware and Software Requirements...........................................................13
3.4. Applications and Advantages.........................................................................13

4. Chapter – 4 Exposure Fusion..........................................................................14-16

4.1. Overview........................................................................................................14
4.2. Quality Measures...........................................................................................15

5. Chapter – 5 Discrete Cosine Transform.........................................................17-20

6. Chapter – 6 Fusion Evaluation Parameters......................................................21-22

7. Chapter – 7 System Design & Implementation.................................................23-32

7.1. System Overview.............................................................................................23
7.2. Flow Charts......................................................................................................24
7.3. Experimental Results.......................................................................................26
8. Result & Analysis..................................................................................................33-34

Conclusion........................................................................................................................35

Future Scope.....................................................................................................................36

Bibliography......................................................................................................................37
 LIST OF FIGURES(TBD)

Figure 1 – Multiple Exposure Image Fusion............................................................1

Figure 2 – Laplacian Fusion Technique...................................................................5
Figure 3 – Wavelet Transform Fusion Technique...................................................7
Figure 4 – CEMIF Fusion Technique......................................................................8
Figure 5 – Three level decomposition of an image................................................10
Figure 6 – MSVD Fusion process..........................................................................11
Figure 7 – System Architecture..............................................................................12
Figure 8 – Representation of Exposure Fusion......................................................15
Figure 9 – Spatial to Frequency Domain Transformation.....................................17
Figure 10 – Computation of 2-D DCT using separability property.......................19
Figure 11 – Frequency distribution of DCT...........................................................20
Figure 12 – Flow Chart..........................................................................................24
Figure 13 – Landing screen of the user interface...................................................26
Figure 14 – Screen for selecting the kind of image
on which fusion is to be performed.....................................................26
Figure 15 – GUI for working with colour images..................................................27
Figure 16 –. GUI with the uploaded colour images (1st Sample)
and fused result obtained using DCT.................................................27
Figure 17 – The error image obtain as result of the difference
between the pixel values of the reference
coloured image and the fused result...................................................28
Figure 18 –. GUI with the uploaded colour images (1st Sample)
and fused result obtained using Exposure Fusion technique.............28
Figure 19 –. GUI with the uploaded colour images (2nd Sample)
and fused result obtained using DCT................................................29
Figure 20 – The error image obtain as result of the difference
between the pixel values of the reference
coloured image and the fused result...................................................29
Figure 21 – GUI with the uploaded colour images (2nd Sample)
and fused result obtained using Exposure Fusion technique..............30
Figure 22 – GUI for working with gray-scale images...........................................30
Figure 23 – GUI with the uploaded gray-scale images (1st Sample)
and fused result obtained using DCT..................................................31
Figure 24 – The error image obtain as result of the difference
between the pixel values of the reference
gray-scale image and the fused result................................................31
Figure 25 – GUI with the uploaded gray-scale images (2nd Sample)
and fused result obtained using DCT.............................................32
Figure 26 – The error image obtain as result of the difference
between the pixel values of the reference
gray-scale image and the fused result................................................32
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Fusion Evaluation Metrics (Gray-scale 1st Sample).....................................................33

Table 2. Fusion Evaluation Metrics (Gray-scale 2nd sample).....................................................34