Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the essential elements of the research process.

The components such as research method, the population, the sample size, and

sampling procedures, instruments, data collection, and statistical procedures

employed in the analysis of data are hereby presented.

Research Design

The researcher used descriptive survey method of research. This involved

description, recording analysis, and interpretations. This is by which information

is collected without changing or manipulating things. It is used to obtain

information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe “what

exists” with respect to variables or conditions in a situation. The methods

involved range from the survey which describes the status quo, the correlation

study which investigates the relationship between variables, to developmental

studies which seek to determine changes over time.

The teaching styles and teachers’ competencies in relation to students’

performance in selected secondary schools in the Division of Valenzuela as

basis for promotion rate of learners at the end of the school year were analyzed
and interpreted in relation to the variables covered in the study. The descriptive

and evaluation of the teachers’ profile, students’ profile, the teaching styles and

teachers’ competencies, and students’ performance as answered by the teacher

and student respondents.

This study was conducted in selected secondary schools of Division of

Valenzuela based on student population namely: Arkong Bato National High

School Canumay East National High School, Canumay West National High

School, Malanday National High School, and, Malinta National High School,

which are schools from Congressional Distirct 1, while from Congressional

District 2 are Caruhatan National High School, Maysan National High School,

Parada National High School, Paso De Blas National High School, and Sitero

Francisco Memorial National School .

Arkong Bato National High School is located at 58 M.H. Del Pilar Rd.,

Arkong Bato, Valenzuela City and it is near from the Statue of Velilia in Barangay

Arkong Bato. This is also surrounded by many factories this makes it a reason to

be a commercial place. It only has one (1) building with eight (8) functional

classrooms. It also has two computer laboratories, a Science laboratory is still in

progress, one canteen, and a library. It has two shifts of classes, one (1) morning

session that starts from 6:00 to 12:30 PM and the afternoon shift from 12:40 to
6:50 PM. There are twenty four (24) teachers with less than seven hundred (700)

students.

Canumay East National High School is located at G. Molina St., Canumay

East, Valenzuela City. Beside the school is a chapel and Canumay East

Elementary School. It is also near Paraiso ni Baste, a well-known resort in

Valenzuela City. The community is surrounded by many factories. Canumay East

National High School has three buildings. The old building has three stories while

the other one has four stories. The last building is administrative building where

the principal’s office, registrar, computer laboratory and stage are located. It has

a total of 19 functional classrooms. It has library, LRMDS cite, school property

and school canteen, computer laboratory, E-Classroom, and a newly built

Multipurpose Hall. It has only one shift of classes from 7:00 Am to 2:00 PM. It

has 32 teachers, and 937 student population.

Canumay West National High School is located in L. Sandiego St.,

Canumay West, Valenzuela City. It is a commercial area since it is surrounded

by many factories and other establishments. It has four(4) buildings with four

story each building and thirty five (35) functional classrooms. It has Science

Laboratory, Computer Laboratory, and covered court. It has a single shift from
7:00 AM to 2:00 PM. It has fifty (50) teaching staff with one thousand six hundred

seventy (1, 670) students.

Malanday National High School is located at M.H Del Pilar St., Malanday

Valenzuela City beside 3S Center of the barangay. There are many Sari-sari

stores, school supply stores and small restaurants that surround the school. It

has only one (1) school building with nineteen (19) functional classrooms. It has

a Science laboratory, two (2) computer laboratories, a library, and a canteen. It

has two (2) shifts of classes that start from 6:00 AM to 12:20 PM and from 12:40

PM to 7:00 PM. It has forty four (44) teachers and about one thousand, four

hundred (1,400) students.

Malinta National High School is located at A. Pablo St. Malinta,

Valenzuela City. It is beside Valenzuela City School of Science and Mathematics.

It is a commercial place since it is surrounded with many establishment and

factories. Its junior high school has three (3) buildings with twenty one (21)

functional classrooms and has computer laboratories, AVR, TLE room, and

Science laboratory. It has two shifts of classes that starts from 6:00 AM to 12:20

PM and its afternoon shifts starts at 12:30 to 6:50 in the evening. It has 160

teachers and around five thousand (5,000) students were enrolled.

 Caruhatan National High School is located at Pacencia St., Don Pedro

Village, Marulas Valenzuela City. It is near at PS Bank and Wranco factory. It is

surrounded by many establishments like commercial centers and factories. It has

three (3) buildings with eighteen (18) functional classrooms. It has two shifts of

classes that start from 6:00 AM to 12:30 PM and 12:45 PM to 7:15 PM. It has

TLE laboratory, Science laboratory, computer laboratory, electrical shop, library,

AVR. It is composed of seventy (70) teachers with about one thousand, five

hundred forty (1,540) students.

Justice Eliezer Delos Santos National High School is located at 1011 D.

De Leon St., Boundary of Gen. T. De Leon and Ugong, Valenzuela City. It is

beside Antonio Serapio Elementary School. It is one of the commercial places in

Valenzuela since it is also surrounded with factories and other establishment. It

has two (2) buildings with fourteen (14) functional classrooms. It has computer

laboratory, faculty room and school canteen. There is only one room available for

the principal and subject area coordinators. It offers two shifts of classes. It starts

at 6:00 am and ended at 12:40 in the afternoon. The afternoon shifts starts at

12:40 and ends at 7:00 in the evening. It has fifty one (51) teaching personnel

with a total population of 1650.

 Maysan National High School is located at 104 Maysan Road, Valenzuela

City and Villa Liwayway Subdivision in Maysan, Valenzuela City. It is adjacent to

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela (PLV). It is surrounded by many

establishment, factories, and wet market. There are two (2) buildings with twenty

functional classrooms. It has TLE laboratory, computer laboratory, Science

laboratory, reading center, library, speech laboratory, Math laboratory, AVR,

stage, Filipino Service Bureau, faculty room, canteen, registrar’s office, comfort

room, MAPEH room, Heads office and a principal’s office. Its classes start from

6:00 AM to 12:20 PM and from 12:30 PM to 6:50 PM. It has a total population of

1,672 students and seventy four (74) teachers.

Paso De Blas National High School is located at 0027 Paso De Blas St.,

TCL, Paso De Blas, Valenzuela City. It is near in Total Gas Station along Maysan

Road and described as a commercial place because it has many establishments

and factories around. This school has two( 2) junior high school building and one

(1) senior high school building. There are twenty (20) functional classrooms for

junior high school and six (6) senior high school classrooms. It has school

facilities like computer laboratory and Science laboratory. It has two shifts of

classes for junior high school that start from 6:00-12:30 for the morning shift and

12:40-6:50 for the afternoon shift. Its senior high school starts it classes at 7:00
AM and ends at 2:10 PM. There are 38 teachers in junior high school and 8

teachers for senior high school. It has a total population of

Sitero Francisco Memorial National High School is located at Sta. Monica

Subdivision Ugong, Valenzuela City. It can be reached too through NLEX

diversion Road. It is surrounded by many factories and different establishment

and commercial centers. It has five (5) buildings with forty five functional

classrooms. It has computer laboratories, Science laboratory, library, registrar’s

office, principal office. It is also the very first school in Valenzuela that has a

building in which its electricity is ran by a solar power. It has two shifts of classes

that start from 6:00 AM to 12:20 PM and from 12:30 PM to 7:00 PM. It is

composed of ninety (90) teachers and has student population of two thousand,

six hundred (2,600).

Subjects/Respondents of the Study

The subjects of the study pertained to teachers and students of selected

schools from Congressional District 1 and Congressional District 2 in the Division

Schools of Valenzuela. They were the focus of this study which will identify the

teaching style, competencies, and students’ performance as basis for promotion

rate of the learners at the end of the school year.

 The respondents of the study was limited to one hundred (100) teacher

respondents and one hundred (100) students respondents from Congressional

District 1 and 2 in the Division of City Schools - Valenzuela such as ten (10)

teacher respondents in each five (5) schools from congressional district 1 and ten

(10) teacher respondents in each five (5) schools from congressional district 2.

The students respondents will have also ten (10) from each mentioned school of

congressional district 1 and 2 above. A purposive sampling is done by the

researcher among the teachers and students from these selected secondary

schools in Valenzuela.

Participating School Universal Population of Teachers Sample Size

Arkong Bato National High School 24 10

Canumay East National High School 32 10

Canumay West National High School 50 10

Malanday National High School 44 10

Malinta National High School 160 10

Caruhatan National High School 70 10

Justice Eliezer Delos Santos NHS 51 10

Maysan National High School 74 10

Paso De Blas National High School 38 10

Sitero Francisco Memorial NHS 90 10

Total 633 100

Participating School Universal Population of Students Sample Size

Arkong Bato National High School 700 10

Canumay East National High School 937 10

Canumay West National High School 1,670 10

Malanday National High School 1,400 10

Malinta National High School 5,000 10

Caruhatan National High School 1,540 10

Justice Eliezer Delos Santos NHS 1,650 10

Maysan National High School 1,672 10

Paso De Blas National High School 964 10

Sitero Francisco Memorial NHS 2600 10

Total 18,133 100

Sampling Technique

The sampling technique used in this study is a purposive sampling

technique to make it easier and convenient for the researcher in distributing and

collecting her survey questionnaire.

Research Instrument

The data gathering used in this study was the survey questionnaire with

inputs from journals, unpublished thesis, and research studies about teaching

styles, teachers’ performance, students’ performance and promotion rate. This

questionnaire is composed of four parts. The first one is about the profile of

teachers and students. This gathers information about the age, gender, civil

status, educational qualification and number of years in service of teachers, the

second part is about the students’ respondent that tells about its profile like its

age, gender, economic status, parents’ educational attainment. The third part

consists of information that identifies the teaching style, teachers’ competencies,

and students’ performance in the classroom. The fourth part is the recommended

suggestion and solution to address the problem. This questionnaire is a checklist

type wherein the respondents need to check their corresponding answer to each

question. They have to base their responses from the five (5) point rating scale

such as Very High Extent, High Extent, Moderate Extent, Low Extent, and Very

Low Extent.

A criterion which served as the basis of interpretation of results of this

study was formulated and adapted from the concepts of numerals as follows:

Weight Range of Computed Mean Interpretation

5 4.20- 5.00 Very High (VH)

4 3.40- 4.19 High (H)

3 2.60-3.39 Moderate (M)

2 1.80-2.59 Low (L)

1 1.00- 1.79 Very Low (VL)

Procedures of Data Gathering

The researcher collected documents from the City Schools of Valenzuela

to gather data about the promotion rate from the last five (5) years from school

year 2013-2018 and from each selected school to gather data about the
population of teacher respondents and student respondents from Paso De Blas

National High School, Justice Eliezer Delos Santos National High School,

Caruhatan National High School, Maysan National High School, and Sitero

Francisco Memorial National High School, Canumay East National High School,

Arkong Bato National High School, Canumay West National High School.

Malanday National High School, and Malinta National High School. It took her

two months to complete the distribution and retrieval of the research instrument

from December 2018 to February 2019.

The researcher validated the questionnaire through a series of

procedures. From its draft form, the questionnaire was first presented to the

adviser for comments and suggestions. She likewise asked the assistance of the

testing coordinator of her school for remarks. After considering the suggestions,

the researcher subjected the questionnaire to a dry run among 10 teachers of

Canumay East National High School who were not among the actual

respondents of the study. The questionnaire was finally revised after considering

ambiguous items found in the try-out then converted it into its final format.
Statistical Treatment of Data

The average and the verbal descriptions were provided in the tables of

data for meaningful interpretation. The data that were obtained from the

questionnaires were tallied, tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted.

1. Weighted Mean. This was used to answer the problems of the study. The

frequency of the responses were tabulated and counted in each item in

the survey instrument using the formula:

WM= (f5x5) + (f4x4) + (f3x3) + (f2x2) + (f1x1)

N

 Number of respondents multiplied by the weight of each value of the

scale;

 The product were added and divided by the total number of respondents;

 The quotient was the weighted mean for the particular item of the survey

instruments.

To find out the extent of students performance as a basis for promotion rate

of the learners at the end of the school year, the rating scale was used.

Weight Range of Computed Mean Interpretation

5 4.20- 5.00 Very High (VH)

4 3.40- 4.19 High (H)

3 2.60-3.39 Moderate (M)

2 1.80-2.59 Low (L)

1 1.00- 1.79 Very Low (VL)

2. Spearman Rank Correlation. This was used to test the significant

relationships among the teaching styles and students’ performance and teachers’

competencies and students’ performance.

6 ∑ D2
r s=1− 3
N −N

Where:

Rs=Spearman rho

D2=Sum of the squared differences between ranks

N=Number of cases

3. ANOVA. Anova is a statistical test which analyzes variance. It is helpful

in making comparison of two or more means which enables a researcher to

draw various results and predictions about two or more sets of data.
 2
2 (∑ x )
SST =∑ x −
N

Where,

SST = Sum of squares due to treatment

x = Total mean sample

N = Total number of samples in a population.