October 2018

DIN EN 16842-1
D
ICS 53.060

Powered industrial trucks –

Visibility –
Test methods and verification – Part 1: General requirements;
English version EN 16842­1:2018,
English translation of DIN EN 16842-1:2018-10

Kraftbetriebene Flurförderzeuge –
Sichtverhältnisse –
Prüfverfahren und Verifikation – Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen;
Englische Fassung EN 16842­1:2018,
Englische Übersetzung von DIN EN 16842-1:2018-10
Chariots de manutention automoteurs –
Visibilité –
Méthodes d’essai et vérification – Partie 1: Prescriptions générales;
Version anglaise EN 16842­1:2018,
Traduction anglaise de DIN EN 16842-1:2018-10
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Document comprises 23 pages

Translation by DIN-Sprachendienst.
In case of doubt, the German-language original shall be considered authoritative.

© No part of this translation may be reproduced without prior permission of English price group 13
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,
has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).
www.din.de
www.beuth.de
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09.18 2893059
 DIN EN 16842-1:2018-10

A comma is used as the decimal marker.

National foreword
This standard includes safety requirements.

This document (EN 16842-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150 “Industrial
trucks — Safety” (Secretariat: BSI, United Kingdom).

The responsible German body involved in its preparation was DIN-Normenausschuss Maschinenbau (DIN
Standards Committee Mechanical Engineering), Working Committee NA 060-22-42 AA “Safety of industrial
trucks” of Section “Materials handling technology”. Representatives of manufacturers and users of industrial
trucks, and of the employers’ liability insurance associations contributed to this standard.

This standard contains specifications giving detail to the essential requirements set out in Annex I of the
“Machinery Directive”, Directive 2006/42/EC, and which apply to machines that are either first placed on the
market or commissioned within the EEA. This standard serves to facilitate proof of compliance with the
essential requirements of that directive.

The European Standards referred to in Clause 2 and in the Bibliography of the EN have been published as the
corresponding DIN EN or DIN EN ISO Standards with the same number.

Where the International Standards referred to are not also DIN ISO Standards with the same number, there
are no national standards available.
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 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 16842-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM May 2018

ICS 53.060

English Version

Powered industrial trucks - Visibility - Test methods and

verification - Part 1: General requirements
Chariots de manutention automoteurs - Visibilité - Kraftbetriebene Flurförderzeuge - Sichtverhältnisse -
Méthodes d'essai et vérification - Partie 1: Prüfverfahren und Verifikation - Teil 1: Allgemeine
Prescriptions générales Anforderungen

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 July 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
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EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16842-1:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 DIN EN 16842-1:2018-10
EN 16842-1:2018 (E)

Contents
Page
European foreword....................................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 6
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 7
4 Truck configuration ....................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
4.2 Fork height and mast tilt configuration .................................................................................................. 9
4.3 Retractable mast trucks............................................................................................................................. 10
5 Test equipment ............................................................................................................................................. 10
5.1 Test body ......................................................................................................................................................... 10
5.2 Lighting equipment ..................................................................................................................................... 12
6 Test procedures for direct visibility...................................................................................................... 15
6.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
6.2 Lighting equipment position.................................................................................................................... 15
6.3 Test paths ........................................................................................................................................................ 15
6.4 Measurement procedure ........................................................................................................................... 15
7 Test procedures for indirect visibility using auxiliary equipment ............................................ 16
7.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 16
7.2 Requirements for using mirrors............................................................................................................. 16
7.3 Requirements for using Cameras and / or CCTV systems ............................................................. 16
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8 Test Report ..................................................................................................................................................... 16

8.1 Acceptance criteria ...................................................................................................................................... 16
8.2 Test report contents.................................................................................................................................... 17
8.3 Direct visibility.............................................................................................................................................. 18
8.4 Indirect visibility .......................................................................................................................................... 18
9 Information for use ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Annex A (informative) Example for the locations of the test paths .......................................................... 19
Annex B (informative) Example of summary visibility test – see part for specific truck
requirement ................................................................................................................................................... 20
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 21

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EN 16842-1:2018 (E)

European foreword

This document (EN 16842-1:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150 “Industrial
trucks - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2018 and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by November 2018.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

EN 16842 consists of the following parts under the general title "Powered industrial trucks – Visibility –
Test methods and verification":

— Part 1: General requirements;

— Part 2: Sit-on counterbalance trucks and rough terrain masted trucks up to and including 10 000 kg
capacity;

— Part 3: Reach trucks up to and including 10 000 kg capacity (in preparation);

— Part 4: Variable reach industrial trucks up to and including 10 000 kg capacity (in preparation);

— Part 5: Variable reach industrial trucks greater than 10 000 kg capacity (in preparation);

— Part 6: Sit-on counterbalanced trucks and rough terrain masted trucks greater than 10 000 kg capacity
(in preparation);

— Part 7: Variable reach and masted container handler (in preparation);

— Part 8: Stand on counterbalanced trucks up to and including 10 000 kg capacity (in preparation).
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— Part 9: Order-picking, lateral- and front-stacking trucks with elevating operator position

It is intended to develop additional parts related to the following machinery:

— Pallet stacking trucks (rider controlled);

— Burden carrier;

— Tractor (IND Truck);

— Single side loader;

— Multi-directional forklift truck;

— Articulated counterbalanced lift truck;

— Low lift straddle carriers (as defined in ISO 5053-1:2015, 3.18);

— High lift straddle carriers (as defined in ISO 5053-1:2015, 3.19).

For specific machines covered by other parts in this standard, this European Standard is intended for use
in combination with relevant other parts in the series.

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EN 16842-1:2018 (E)

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
the United Kingdom.
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 DIN EN 16842-1:2018-10
EN 16842-1:2018 (E)

Introduction

This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.

This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);

— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.)

Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);

— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);

— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);

— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).

The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
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1 Scope
This part of the EN 16842 series gives the common test requirements for powered industrial truck
visibility testing and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 16842 parts 2 to 17.
The EN 16842 series specify requirements and test procedures of all around visibility of self-propelled
industrial trucks (herein after referred to as trucks) in accordance with ISO 5053-1 with a sit-on or stand-
on operator, without load, and equipped with fork arms or load platform.
The truck specific requirements in EN 16842 parts 2 to 17 supplement or modify the corresponding
clauses of this part EN 16842-1 and provide the relevant requirements for the specific truck.
The visibility test requirements of the applicable part of EN 16842 for each truck type are used to fulfil
the visibility requirements of the EN 16307 series.
This European Standard does not apply to:
— industrial, rough terrain variable reach or rough terrain masted lorry mounted trucks;

— trucks with elevating operator position, when the operating position is elevated above 500 mm;

— rough terrain variable reach trucks – within the scope of EN 15830;

— centre controlled order picking trucks (in accordance with 3.16 of ISO 5053-1:2015);

— pallet truck end controlled (in accordance with 3.15 of ISO 5053-1:2015).
NOTE 1 The following trucks in normal operation have excellent 360° visibility and therefore will not be part of
this series of standards:

— ride on pallet truck;

— pedestrian controlled pallet truck.

NOTE 2 For trucks equipped with attachments (e.g. clamp), see Clause 9 "Information for use".
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2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 3691-1:2015, Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled
industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks (ISO 3691-
1:2011, including Cor 1:2013)

EN ISO 3691-2, Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 2: Self-propelled variable-
reach trucks (ISO 3691-2)

EN ISO 3691-3, Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 3: Additional requirements
for trucks with elevating operator position and trucks specifically designed to travel with elevated loads (ISO
3691-3)

EN ISO 3691-6, Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 6: Burden and personnel
carriers (ISO 3691-6)

EN ISO 5353, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry - Seat index
point (ISO 5353)

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ISO 5053-1, Industrial trucks - Terminology and classification - Part 1: Types of industrial trucks

ISO 16001, Earth-moving machinery - Object detection systems and visibility aids - Performance
requirements and tests

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053-1, EN ISO 3691-1,
ISO 3691-2, EN ISO 3691-3 and EN ISO 3691-6, together with the following apply.
3.1
truck profile
contour which is determined by the largest rectangular width and length parallel to the longitudinal axis
of the truck, including the front vertical surface of the fork arms
Note 1 to entry: The blades of the fork arms are not taken into account.

Note 2 to entry: Excludes external projections such as, rail guidance systems, stabilizers or attachments that
extend beyond the profile of the truck.

Note 3 to entry: For width dimension, see Figure A.1 key W.

3.2
standing index point
STIP
perpendicular projection of the mid-axis of the standing operator in the normal operating position in
which the operator is able to control all functions for driving and load handling
Note 1 to entry: Applicable to stand on trucks only, determination of STIP is defined in the applicable parts of this
series of standards.

3.3
adjusted standing index point
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ASTIP
location relative to the STIP to simulate body movement of the operator during truck operation
Note 1 to entry: Applicable to stand-on trucks only, determination of ASTIP is defined in the applicable parts of
this series of standards.

3.4
manoeuvring of an industrial truck
motion of an industrial truck at slow speed and for short distances
Note 1 to entry: Manoeuvring may include movements such as operation in narrow aisles, when turning, passing
objects close by, load pick-up and put down, approaching and retreating from loads, and other operations not
included when travelling.

3.5
travelling of an industrial truck
movement of the truck over relatively long distance and open areas at faster speeds than manoeuvring
up to maximum speed

3.6
lighting equipment
system of lights that represent the range of vision including head and body movement
Note 1 to entry: The configuration of the lighting equipment is shown in Figure 4 or Figure 5.

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3.7
test body
rectangular body with 3 sides and top surface that simulates an obstacle, e.g. a person in a stooped
position, and with which the visibility conditions are evaluated

Note 1 to entry: The dimensions of the test body are shown in Figure 2.

3.8
test screen
single surface that simulates an obstruction with which the visibility conditions while travelling forward
are evaluated

3.9
test path
path marked on the floor around the industrial truck to be tested and on which the test body is moved
for the visibility measurement tests

Note 1 to entry: Examples of test paths are shown in Figure 1 and Figure A.1.

Key
1 test path
2 test path end point
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3 test body at end point PX.1

4 test body is moved along entire length of test path, not extending past end points
5 test body at end point PX.2

Figure 1 — Example top view of test path

3.10
illuminated area
surface on the test body or test screen that is illuminated by at least one switched-on light of the lighting
equipment

3.11
dark shadow
surface on the test body or test screen that is not illuminated by any switched-on light of the lighting
equipment

Note 1 to entry: When checking for dark shadows on the test body or test screen the shadow cast by an object,
e.g. clipboard, hand, may help to identify dark shadow areas.

3.12
direct visibility
visibility of the test body and test screen without the use of auxiliary equipment such as mirrors or
cameras

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3.13
indirect visibility
visibility of the test body and test screen with the use of auxiliary equipment such as mirrors or cameras

3.14
auxiliary equipment
equipment used to compensate for the limitation of direct visibility by, e.g. mirrors or camera/monitor
systems

4 Truck configuration
4.1 General

The test shall be conducted with an unladen truck on a level, horizontal floor. The truck shall be equipped
with a load platform or two fork arms of a length up to dimension “A” as indicated in the appropriate part
of the EN 16842 series, centrally spaced at an outside distance within the normal fork adjustment range
of the specific configuration tested.
The test method of this standard applies to all configurations, including additional tests for various types
of masts, external fuel tanks, counterweights, cabs, etc. that adversely affect visibility.
Where a configuration has no adverse effect on visibility the test may not need to be repeated.
The test shall be valid for the determined configurations as specified in the test report in Clause 8.
Information about mast tilt and/or retractable mast position can be found in the applicable truck specific
part in this series.
4.2 Fork height and mast tilt configuration
4.2.1 Fork height during test

If applicable, the load carrying surface of the fork arms, measured at the heel end, up to 300 mm above
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the floor.
NOTE The dimensions above are to enable the operator to adjust height of the fork arms for maximum visibility
of fork tips.

4.2.2 Mast and fork tilt during test

During the various stages of the test the mast may be tilted as follows:
a) Travelling tests

The mast or load carrying surface shall be tilted rearward to the maximum, but not more than 10°,
for all travelling tests. If the means of tilting the mast or load carrying surface is accomplished by
tilting the truck chassis, these tests shall be performed with the chassis horizontal.

b) Manoeuvring tests

The mast shall be vertical or the load carrying surface shall be horizontal for all manoeuvring tests.

c) Fork arms or load platform tests

The load carrying surface of the fork arms or of the load platform shall be horizontal.

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4.3 Retractable mast trucks

Trucks with a retractable mast shall have the mast fully retracted.

5 Test equipment
5.1 Test body
5.1.1 General

The test body has four test surfaces, three vertical (3, 4 and 5), one horizontal (2) and shall be movable.
With a vertical test surface height of 1 200 mm and a width 500 mm, and a horizontal top surface of 500
mm x 500 mm as shown in Figure 2. The surfaces shall be marked with a 100 mm by 100 mm grid to
facilitate measurement of illuminated areas.
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Dimensions in millimetres
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Key
1 centreline 6 floor level
2 horizontal test surface (top) 7 front view
3 vertical test surface (side) 8 left side view
4 vertical test surface (side) 9 test path
5 front side 10 top view

Test surfaces shall be white or light in colour.

NOTE Construction details and gridlines on test surfaces are not specified by this standard.

Figure 2 — Test body

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5.1.2 Test screen

The test screen shall have a vertical surface with a width of at least 500 mm and a height starting at
1 200 mm above the floor up to 900 mm above the SIP as specified in EN ISO 5353 or 1 900 mm above
the STIP. The surfaces may be provided with a grid of 100 mm x 100 mm to facilitate evaluation of the
illuminated surface.
5.2 Lighting equipment
5.2.1 General

Lighting equipment shall have a rotatable row of 13 lights and the axis of rotation shall be perpendicular
to the floor. Each light shall have an individual switch to turn it on or off. The lights shall be at least 55
watt halogen or equivalent with a spot light source to provide a sharp demarcation of the shadow.
For sit on trucks establish the SIP according to EN ISO 5353, adjust the lighting equipment so the axis of
rotation is vertical and offset as shown in Figure 4.
For stand on trucks establish the STIP as shown in the applicable part of EN 16842, adjust the lighting
equipment so the axis of rotation is vertical and offset as shown in Figure 5.
The lights shall be adjustable up to 150 mm (see Figure 4 and/or Figure 5) for the fork arm or load
platform visibility test only.
5.2.2 Lighting equipment within the industrial truck

The lighting equipment shall fit inside the truck and be at least 50 mm either side within the plan view of
the overhead guard, or the inside surface of the cab, or within the plan view outline of the lift truck if not
equipped with an overhead guard or cab.
If the lighting equipment does not fit within the structure of the truck, it may be moved and lamps may
be switched off accordingly. Any deviation shall be noted in the test report as specified in 8.2 g).
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Overhead
guard

Lights within plan view of overhead guard

Lighting equipment larger than plan view, M1 and M2 switched off

Figure 3 — Example of lighting equipment in truck

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Dimensions in millimetres
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Key
1 operator's eye level
2 shroud
3 row of lights
4 axis of rotation
5 SIP as specified in EN ISO 5353
6 device for determination of SIP
a Adjustment up to 150 mm for fork arm or load platform visibility test only

Figure 4 — Lighting equipment for trucks with sit on operator

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Dimensions in millimetres
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Key
1 operator's eye level
2 shroud
3 row of lights
4 axis of rotation
5 STIP
6 standing level of operator
a Adjustment up to 150 mm for fork arm or load platform visibility test only

Figure 5 — Lighting equipment for trucks with stand on operator

5.2.3 Alternative test equipment

Alternative equipment such as light recording, cameras, computer imaging and lasers may be used to
conduct the test provided the alternate equipment duplicates the test with lights.
Where other equipment is used, the requirements of 8.3 shall be met and the equipment documented as
per 8.2.

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6 Test procedures for direct visibility

6.1 General
Test procedures and test paths can be found in the truck specific part of this series of documents.
6.2 Lighting equipment position
The visibility from the industrial truck shall be determined from the operating position with lighting
equipment and the test body or the test screen. The lighting equipment simulates the range of eye
positions of the operator. The test body or test screen simulates an obstacle to be seen.
6.3 Test paths
Test paths P1 to P9 shall consist of lines laid out on the floor around the test truck, parallel or
perpendicular to the truck longitudinal axis . The test paths shall be located from the truck profile N1) as
defined in 3.1, which includes the front vertical surface of the fork arms, if applicable.
Annex A shows an example for the locations of the test paths P1 to P9 around the truck.
For test path, refer to the relevant part of EN 16842.
6.4 Measurement procedure
6.4.1 General
The test body or test screen shall be moved along the test path, where this is the test body one of the
vertical test surfaces (e.g. number 5) shall be on the test path number 9 as shown in Figure 2. The lighting
equipment shall be switched on to illuminate the test body or test screen.
Measurements of illuminated surfaces and dark shadow shall be made. The other specific parts of this
series show the arrangements and distances of the test paths from the truck.
6.4.2 Travelling tests
Tests shall be conducted with reference to the specific parts as appropriate, an example of summary
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visibility test requirements is given in Annex B (informative).

The forward driving direction is as specified in EN ISO 3691-1:2015, Annex A.
a) Forward and rearward travelling tests (using the test body - see example in Annex B, Table B.1, test
1 and 2). Two tests, one for forward travelling and one for rearward travelling, shall be conducted
with up to nine lights (T1 to T9) of the lighting equipment switched on and the lighting equipment
located 125 mm from the axis of rotation.
For the forward travelling test, the lighting equipment shall be orientated towards test path P1.1 to
P1.2, the row of lights perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the truck. Illumination of the test body
shall be evaluated from P1.1 to P1.2.
For the rearward travelling test, the lighting equipment shall be rotated to an angle of +135° or -135°
and illumination of the test body shall be evaluated from P2.1 to P2.2.
b) Forward travelling test (using the test screen – see example in Annex B, Table B.1, test 10). The
lighting equipment, located 125 mm from its axis of rotation, shall be orientated towards test path
P1.1 to P1.2 with the row of lights perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the truck. Two lights 75
mm apart shall be switched on as a pair as shown in Figure 4 or 5, these may be T1 and T3 or T2 and
T4 or T3 and T5 or T4 and T6 or T5 and T7 or T6 and T8 or T7 and T9.
The lighting equipment shall be rotated for the forward test towards test path P1.1 to P1.2, with the
row of lights perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the truck.

N1) National footnote: “Profile” refers to the outer contour of the industrial truck.

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6.4.3 Manoeuvring tests

The forward driving direction is as specified in EN ISO 3691-1:2015, Annex A.

Tests shall be conducted with reference to the specific parts as appropriate.
Tests shall be performed with reference to example in Annex B, Table B.1, Test 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. The
lights shall be located 125 mm from the axis of rotation. Up to thirteen lights (M1 to M4 and T1 to T9)
may be switched on. The forward orientation is with the 0° axis shown in Figure 3 or 4 parallel to the axis
of the lift truck, facing in the forward direction of lift truck movement. The orientation of the lighting
equipment for -135°, -45°, +45°, and +135° is measured from the 0° axis.
6.4.4 Fork arms or load platform test
The test shall be performed with up to 13 lights switched on (M1 to M4 and T1 to T9), Figure 4 or 5.
See example Annex B, Table B.1, test 11.
Test height shall be as per 4.2 and the height shall be recorded.
The lighting equipment shall be orientated toward the fork arms or load platform, the row of lights
perpendicular to the line between their axis of rotation and the load centre. The lighting equipment may
be moved toward the load centre by up to 150 mm.

7 Test procedures for indirect visibility using auxiliary equipment

7.1 General
When auxiliary equipment (e.g. mirror, camera, etc.) is needed to meet the requirements of this standard,
the view through the device shall be tested and meet the criteria of 8.3, except where cameras and/or
CCTV N2) are used (see 7.3).
7.2 Requirements for using mirrors
When the auxiliary equipment is a mirror, the lighting equipment shall be fixed in a position with the row
of lights perpendicular to the connecting line between the axis of rotation of the lighting equipment
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fixture and the centre of the mirror.

When conducting tests with mirrors a single beam of light may be used, positioned at T5 for the test being
conducted and directed towards the mirror as this should provide clearer areas of light and shadow.
7.3 Requirements for using Cameras and / or CCTV systems
For the evaluation of auxiliary equipment such as a camera and monitor system (e.g. CCTV), it is
acceptable to verify the visibility of the test body or screen directly without the use of the light array.
ISO 16001 shall be used to verify CCTV systems.

8 Test Report
8.1 Acceptance criteria
The visibility from the self-propelled industrial truck shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this
European Standard if the requirements of 8.3 and, where required, 8.4 are met when tested in accordance
with Clauses 6 and 7 where applicable.
The example in Figure 6 shows how to count the dark shadow on a surface of the test body or on the test
screen. On the left side is the test surface as seen in the test. On the right side are only the illuminated
surfaces visible that meet the applicable requirements, of at least 10 000 mm2 and no dimension less than
50 mm, except where adjacent squares are continuous (for example, c). The total illuminated area in the
example is approximately 15.5 squares.

N2) National footnote: Closed Circuit Television (CCTV).

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Test surface as seen Test surface as counted

Key
a dark shadow
b illuminated area
c Illuminated area including < 50 mm continuous
1, 2 & 6 > 50 mm counted
3, 4 & 5 < 50 mm not counted
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Figure 6 — Example for counting dark shadows

8.2 Test report contents

The test report shall include the following information:
a) manufacturer;

b) model;

c) rated capacity with load centre distance of the truck, the maximum towing force of the tractor or the
maximum load of the burden carrier;

d) product identification number;

e) operator enclosure and/or operator protective structure description or identification;

f) equipment installed on the truck, e.g. various types of masts, external fuel tanks, counterweights,
cabs, etc.;

g) any other information that affects the visibility measurements, including test equipment and
alternative test equipment;

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EN 16842-1:2018 (E)

h) pictures (or illustration) of the truck configuration for the visibility test;

i) record the position dimension(s) of the equipment in its tested positions including the height of the
load carrying surface used for the test;

j) for each test configuration, a drawing(s) or photograph(s) recording the test results including
masking (shadows).
8.3 Direct visibility
The truck shall meet the requirements of the respective parts of EN 16842.
The pass criteria for visibility of the truck type is specified in the relevant product specific part.
8.4 Indirect visibility
8.4.1 General
If the requirements of 8.3 for direct visibility are not met, appropriate auxiliary equipment may be fitted
to the truck to supplement the direct visibility.
8.4.2 Indirect visibility travelling
The following is applicable to all trucks except narrow aisle trucks with guided system:
To fulfil requirements for travelling tests the exclusive use of auxiliary equipment is not permitted.
The auxiliary equipment shall not restrict the operator’s direct visibility and shall be deemed to be
satisfactory if the requirements of the respective parts of EN 16842 are met.
Auxiliary equipment that supplements direct visibility for travelling shall be within the operator's view
and in the direction of travel for direct visibility.
8.4.3 Travelling, narrow aisle guided system
Travelling visibility test requirements in a narrow aisle with guided system as defined in EN ISO 3691-3
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may be met with auxiliary equipment if the auxiliary equipment provides visibility of the width of the
aisle.

9 Information for use

Information for use can be found in other parts of this series.

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Annex A
(informative)

Example for the locations of the test paths

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Key
A= xxxx mm W maximum truck width
B= xxxx mm 1 test body
C= xxx mm to xxx mm 2 test paths
D= xxx mm 3 axis of rotation
E= xxxx mm XX longitudinal axis
F= xxxx mm

Figure A.1 — Example test paths, sit-on operator truck

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Annex B
(informative)

Example of summary visibility test – see part for specific truck requirement

Table B.1 — Summary of Visibility Tests

Test No Tests Test direction Distance of Number of lights Test path Test object Required minimum illuminated area
lights to axis of of the test object
rotation (mm) Only following test Area of test
surface should be surfaces
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considered. [1 x Square =
Note: If the 104 mm2]
minimum Number of
requirement is met complete or
on one surface the combined
other surfaces squares on the
need not be test body as per
considered. 5.1.1
1 Travelling Forward 125 9 P1.1 - P1.2 Test body
2 Travelling +135° or -135° 125 9 P2.1 - P2.2 Test body
3 Manoeuvring Forward 125 13 P3.1 - P3.2 Test body
4 Manoeuvring + 45° 125 13 P4.1 - P4.2 Test body
5 Manoeuvring + 135° 125 13 P5.1 - P5.2 Test body
6 Manoeuvring + 135° 125 13 P6.1 - P6.2 Test body
7 Manoeuvring - 135° 125 13 P7.1 - P7.2 Test body
8 Manoeuvring - 135° 125 13 P8.1 - P8.2 Test body
9 Manoeuvring - 45° 125 13 P9.1 - P9.2 Test body
10 Travelling Forward 125 2 P1.1 – P1.2 Test screen
11 Fork arms Direction of load 125 up to 275 13 Fork arms or
centre (see Figures 4 load platform
and 5)

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Bibliography

[1] EN 16307-1:2013+A1:2015, Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1:

Supplementary requirements for self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks,
variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks

[2] EN 15830, Rough-terrain variable reach trucks - Visibility - Test methods and verification

[3] ISO/CD 3691-4N3), Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 4: Driverless
industrial trucks and their systems
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N3) National footnote: ISO/DIS 3691-4:2018 on this topic is now available.

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