1. When 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 HCl is mixed with 100 cm3 of 1.

f 1.0 mol dm–3 NaOH, the temperature of the

resulting solution increases by 5.0 °C. What will be the temperature change, in °C, when 50 cm3 of these two
solutions are mixed?
A. 2.5 B. 5.0 C. 10 D. 20
2. Which statement about bonding is correct?

A. Bond breaking is endothermic and requires energy.

B. Bond breaking is endothermic and releases energy.
C. Bond making is exothermic and requires energy.
D. Bond making is endothermic and releases energy.

3. Consider the following reactions.

1
Cu2O(s) + O2(g) → 2CuO(s) ∆HO = –144 kJ
2
Cu2O(s) → Cu(s) + CuO(s) ∆HO = +11 kJ

1
What is the value of ∆HO, in kJ, for this reaction? Cu(s) + O2(g) → CuO(s)
2
A. –144 + 11 C. –144 – 11
B. +144 – 11 D. +144 + 11
4. Methanol is made in large quantities as it is used in the production of polymers and in fuels.
The enthalpy of combustion of methanol can be determined theoretically or experimentally.
1
CH3OH(l) + 1 O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
2

(a) Using the information from Table 10 of the Data Booklet, determine the theoretical enthalpy of
combustion of methanol. (3)
(b) The enthalpy of combustion of methanol can also be determined experimentally in a school laboratory. A
burner containing methanol was weighed and used to heat water in a test tube as illustrated below.
The following data were collected.

Initial mass of burner and methanol / g 80.557

Final mass of burner and methanol / g 80.034
Mass of water in test tube / g 20.000
Initial temperature of water / °C 21.5
Final temperature of water / °C 26.4

(i) Calculate the amount, in mol, of methanol burned.(2)

(ii) Calculate the heat absorbed, in kJ, by the water. (3)
(iii) Determine the enthalpy change, in kJ mol–1, for the combustion of 1 mole of methanol. (2)

(c) The Data Booklet value for the enthalpy of combustion of methanol is –726 kJ mol–1.
Suggest why this value differs from the values calculated in parts (a) and (b).
(i) Part (a) (1) (ii) Part (b) (1)
5. Consider the two reactions involving iron and oxygen.
2Fe(s) + O2(g) → 2FeO(s) ∆HO = –544 kJ
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s) ∆HO = –1648 kJ
What is the enthalpy change, in kJ, for the reaction below? 4FeO(s) + O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s)
A. –1648 – 2(–544) C. –1648 – 544
B. –544 – (–1648) D. –1648 – 2(544)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 1
6. Which processes have a negative enthalpy change?

I. 2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

II. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
III. H2O(g) → H2O(l)
A. I and II only C. II and III only
B. I and III only D. I, II and III
7. Consider the following reactions.

N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g) ∆HO = +180 kJ

2NO2(g) → 2NO(g) + O2(g) ∆HO = +112 kJ

What is the ∆HO value, in kJ, for the following reaction?

N2(g) + 2O2(g) → 2NO2(g)
A. –1 × (+180) + –1 × (+112) C. 1 × (+180) + –1 × (+112)
B. –1 × (+180) + 1 × (+112) D. 1 × (+180) + 1 × (+112)
8. If white anhydrous copper(II) sulfate powder is left in the atmosphere it slowly absorbs water vapour giving the
blue pentahydrated solid.

CuSO4(s) + 5H2O(l) → CuSO4•5H2O(s)

(anhydrous) (pentahydrated)

It is difficult to measure the enthalpy change for this reaction directly. However, it is possible to measure the
heat changes directly when both anhydrous and pentahydrated copper(II) sulfate are separately dissolved in
water, and then use an energy cycle to determine the required enthalpy change value, ∆Hx, indirectly.

(a) To determine ∆H1 a student placed 50.0 g of water in a cup made of expanded polystyrene and used a
data logger to measure the temperature. After two minutes she dissolved 3.99 g of anhydrous copper(II)
sulfate in the water and continued to record the temperature while continuously stirring. She obtained the
following results.

IB Questionbank Chemistry 2
 (i) Calculate the amount, in mol, of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate dissolved in the 50.0 g of water. (1)
(ii) Determine what the temperature rise would have been, in °C, if no heat had been lost to the
surroundings. (2)
(iii) Calculate the heat change, in kJ, when 3.99 g of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate is dissolved in the
water. (2)
(iv) Determine the value of ∆H1 in kJ mol–1. (1)

(b) To determine ∆H2, 6.24 g of pentahydrated copper(II) sulfate was dissolved in 47.75 g of water. It was
observed that the temperature of the solution decreased by 1.10 °C.

(i) Calculate the amount, in mol, of water in 6.24 g of pentahydrated copper(II) sulfate. (2)
(ii) Determine the value of ∆H2 in kJ mol–1. (2)
(iii) Using the values obtained for ∆H1 in (a) (iv) and ∆H2 in (b) (ii), determine the value for ∆Hx in kJ
mol–1. (1)

(c) The magnitude (the value without the + or – sign) found in a data book for ∆Hx is 78.0 kJ mol–1.

(i) Calculate the percentage error obtained in this experiment. (If you did not obtain an answer for the
experimental value of ∆Hx then use the value 70.0 kJ mol–1, but this is not the true value.) (1)
(ii) The student recorded in her qualitative data that the anhydrous copper(II) sulfate she used was pale
blue rather than completely white. Suggest a reason why it might have had this pale blue colour and
deduce how this would have affected the value she obtained for ∆Hx. (2)

9. Propane can be formed by the hydrogenation of propene.CH3CH=CH2(g) + H2(g) → CH3CH2CH3(g)

(iii) Determine a value for the hydrogenation of propene using information from Table 10 of the Data Booklet.
(2)
(iv) Explain why the enthalpy of hydrogenation of propene is an exothermic process. (1)

10. Which equation represents the bond enthalpy for the H–Br bond in hydrogen bromide?
A. HBr(g) → H(g) + Br(g) 1
B. HBr(g) → H(g) + Br(l) D. HBr(g) → H(g) + Br2(g)
2
1
C. HBr(g) → H(g) + Br2(1)
2
11. Which types of reaction are always exothermic?
I. Neutralization III. Combustion
II. Decomposition
A. I and II only C. II and III only
B. I and III only D. I, II and III
12. A pure aluminium block with a mass of 10 g is heated so that its temperature increases from 20 °C to 50 °C .
The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 8.99 × 10–1 J g–1 K–1. Which expression gives the heat energy change
in kJ?
A. 10 × 8.99 × 10–1 × 303 10  8.99 10 1  30
D.
B. 10 × 8.99 × 10–1 × 30 1000
1
10  8.99 10  303
C.
1000
13. In an experiment to measure the enthalpy change of combustion of ethanol, a student heated a copper
calorimeter containing 100 cm3 of water with a spirit lamp and collected the following data.

Initial temperature of water: 20.0 °C

Final temperature of water: 55.0 °C
Mass of ethanol burned: 1.78 g
Density of water: 1.00 g cm–3

(i) Use the data to calculate the heat evolved when the ethanol was combusted.(2)
(ii) Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion per mole of ethanol.(2)
(iii) Suggest two reasons why the result is not the same as the value in the Data Booklet.(2)
IB Questionbank Chemistry 3
14. The standard enthalpy changes for the combustion of carbon and carbon monoxide are shown below.
C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ∆HcO = –394 kJmol–1
1
CO(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ΔHcO = –283 kJ mol–1
2
What is the standard enthalpy change, in kJ, for the following reaction?
1
C(s) + O2(g) → CO(g)
2
A. –677 B. –111 C. +111 D. +677
15. Which is correct about energy changes during bond breaking and bond formation?

Bond breaking Bond formation

A. exothermic and ∆H positive endothermic and ∆H negative
B. exothermic and ∆H negative endothermic and ∆H positive
C. endothermic and ∆H positive exothermic and ∆H negative
D. endothermic and ∆H negative exothermic and ∆H positive

16. Which processes are exothermic?

I. Ice melting III. Combustion
II. Neutralization
A. I and II only C. II and III only
B. I and III only D. I, II and III
17. One important property of a rocket fuel mixture is the large volume of gaseous products formed which provide
thrust. Hydrazine, N2H4, is often used as a rocket fuel. The combustion of hydrazine is represented by the
equation below.
N2H4(g) + O2(g) → N2(g) + 2H2O(g) ∆HcO = –585 kJ mol–1

(c) Use the average bond enthalpies given in Table 10 of the Data Booklet to determine the enthalpy change
for the reaction in part (a) above. (3)
(d) Based on your answers to parts (a) and (c), suggest whether a mixture of hydrazine and fluorine is a better
rocket fuel than a mixture of hydrazine and oxygen. (2)

18. Which statement is correct given the enthalpy level diagram below?

A. The reaction is endothermic and the products are more thermodynamically stable than the reactants.
B. The reaction is exothermic and the products are more thermodynamically stable than the reactants.
C. The reaction is endothermic and the reactants are more thermodynamically stable than the products.
D. The reaction is exothermic and the reactants are more thermodynamically stable than the products.

19. Identical pieces of magnesium are added to two beakers, A and B, containing hydrochloric acid.
Both acids have the same initial temperature but their volumes and concentrations differ.

IB Questionbank Chemistry 4
 Which statement is correct?

A. The maximum temperature in A will be higher than in B.

B. The maximum temperature in A and B will be equal.
C. It is not possible to predict whether A or B will have the higher maximum temperature.
D. The temperature in A and B will increase at the same rate.

20. Which equation best represents the bond enthalpy of HCl?

A. HCl(g) → H+(g) + Cl–(g) C. HCl(g) → 12 H2(g) + 12 Cl2(g)
B. HCl(g) → H(g) + Cl(g) D. 2HCl(g) → H2(g) + Cl2(g)
21. The data below are from an experiment to measure the enthalpy change for the reaction of aqueous copper(II)
sulfate, CuSO4(aq) and zinc, Zn(s).
Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) → Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq)
50.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulfate solution was placed in a polystyrene cup and zinc powder was
added after 100 seconds. The temperature-time data was taken from a data-logging software program. The table
shows the initial 23 readings.

A straight line has been drawn through some of the data points. The equation for this line is given by the data
logging software as
T = –0.050t + 78.0 where T is the Temperature at time t.

(a) The heat produced by the reaction can be calculated from the temperature change, ΔT, using the
expression below.
Heat change = Volume of CuSO4(aq) × Specific heat capacity of H2O × ∆T
Describe two assumptions made in using this expression to calculate heat changes. (2)

(b) (i) Use the data presented by the data logging software to deduce the temperature change, ∆T, which
would have occurred if the reaction had taken place instantaneously with no heat loss. (2)

(ii) State the assumption made in part (b)(i). (1)

(iii) Calculate the heat, in kJ, produced during the reaction using the expression given in part (a). (1)

(c) The colour of the solution changed from blue to colourless. Deduce the amount, in moles, of zinc which
IB Questionbank Chemistry 5
 reacted in the polystyrene cup. (1)
(d) Calculate the enthalpy change, in kJ mol–1, for this reaction. (1)

22. An experiment was designed to investigate how the enthalpy change for a displacement reaction relates to the
reactivities of the metals involved. The following metals in order of decreasing reactivity were available.

Excess amounts of each metal were added to 1.00 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulfate solution.
The temperature change was measured and the enthalpy change calculated.

(i) Suggest a possible hypothesis for the relationship between the enthalpy change of the reaction and the
reactivity of the metal. (1)

23. Hydrazine is a valuable rocket fuel.

The equation for the reaction between hydrazine and oxygen is given below.
N2H4(g) + O2(g) → N2(g) + 2H2O(g)
Use the bond enthalpy values from Table 10 of the Data Booklet to determine the enthalpy change for this
reaction.
24. When some solid barium hydroxide and solid ammonium thiosulfate were reacted together, the temperature of
the surroundings was observed to decrease from 15 ºC to – 4 ºC. What can be deduced from this observation?

A. The reaction is exothermic and ∆H is negative.

B. The reaction is exothermic and ∆H is positive.
C. The reaction is endothermic and ∆H is negative.
D. The reaction is endothermic and ∆H is positive.

25. Which process represents the C–Cl bond enthalpy in tetrachloromethane?

A. CCl4(g) → C(g) + 4Cl(g)

B. CCl4(g) → CCl3(g) + Cl(g)
C. CCl4(l) → C(g) + 4Cl(g)
D. CCl4(l) → C(s) + 2Cl2(g)

26. Some water is heated using the heat produced by the combustion of magnesium metal. Which values are needed
to calculate the enthalpy change of reaction?

I. The mass of magnesium

II. The mass of the water
III. The change in temperature of the water
A. I and II only C. II and III only
B. I and III only D. I, II and III
27. Two students were asked to use information from the Data Booklet to calculate a value for the enthalpy of
hydrogenation of ethene to form ethane.
C2H4(g) + H2(g) → C2H6(g)
John used the average bond enthalpies from Table 10. Marit used the values of enthalpies of combustion from
Table 12.

(a) Calculate the value for the enthalpy of hydrogenation of ethene obtained using the average bond
enthalpies given in Table 10. (2)
(b) Marit arranged the values she found in Table 12 into an energy cycle.

IB Questionbank Chemistry 6
 Calculate the value for the enthalpy of hydrogenation of ethene from the energy cycle. (1)

28. 1.0 g of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, was added to 99.0 g of water. The temperature of the solution increased from
18.0 ºC to 20.5 ºC. The specific heat capacity of the solution is
4.18 J g–1 K–1.Which expression gives the heat evolved in kJ mol–1?
2.5 100.0  4.18 1000 2.5 100.0  4.18  40.0
A. C.
40.0 1000
2.5 100.0  4.18 2.5 1.0  4.18  40.0
B. D.
1000 40.0 1000
29. Two students were asked to use information from the Data Booklet to calculate a value for the enthalpy of
hydrogenation of ethene to form ethane.
C2H4(g) + H2(g) → C2H6(g)
John used the average bond enthalpies from Table 10. Marit used the values of enthalpies of combustion from
Table 12.

(a) Calculate the value for the enthalpy of hydrogenation of ethene obtained using the average bond
enthalpies given in Table 10. (2)
(b) Determine the value for the enthalpy of hydrogenation of ethene using the values for the enthalpies of
combustion of ethene, hydrogen and ethane given in Table 12. (2)
(c) Suggest one reason why John’s answer is slightly less accurate than Marit’s answer and calculate the
percentage difference. (2)
(d) John then decided to determine the enthalpy of hydrogenation of cyclohexene to produce cyclohexane.
C6H10(l) + H2(g) → C6H12(l)

(i) Use the average bond enthalpies to deduce a value for the enthalpy of hydrogenation of
cyclohexene. (1)
(ii) The percentage difference between these two methods (average bond enthalpies and enthalpies of
combustion) is greater for cyclohexene than it was for ethene. John’s hypothesis was that it would
be the same. Determine why the use of average bond enthalpies is less accurate for the cyclohexene
equation shown above, than it was for ethene. Deduce what extra information is needed to provide
a more accurate answer. (2)

30. What is the energy, in kJ, released when 1.00 mol of carbon monoxide is burned according to the following
equation?
2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g) ΔHo = –564 kJ
A. 141 B. 282 C. 564 D. 1128
–1 –1
31. The specific heat of iron is 0.450 J g K . What is the energy, in J, needed to increase the temperature of 50.0 g
of iron by 20.0 K?
A. 9.00 B. 22.5 C. 45.0 D. 450
32. Which of the following reactions are exothermic?

I. CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

II. NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
III. Br2 → 2Br
A. I and II only C. II and III only
B. I and III only D. I, II and III
34. In some countries, ethanol is mixed with gasoline (petrol) to produce a fuel for cars called gasohol.

(i) Define the term average bond enthalpy. (2)

(ii) Use the information from Table 10 of the Data Booklet to determine the standard enthalpy change for the
IB Questionbank Chemistry 7
 complete combustion of ethanol.
CH3CH2OH(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g) (3)
(iii) The standard enthalpy change for the complete combustion of octane, C8H18, is
–5471 kJ mol–1. Calculate the amount of energy produced in kJ when 1 g of ethanol and 1 g of octane is
burned completely in air.(2)

36. Which is true for a chemical reaction in which the products have a higher enthalpy than the reactants?

Reaction ∆H
A. endothermic positive
B. endothermic negative
C. exothermic positive
D. exothermic negative

37. In a reaction that occurs in 50 g of aqueous solution, the temperature of the reaction mixture increases by 20 °C.
If 0.10 mol of the limiting reagent is consumed, what is the enthalpy change (in kJ mol–1) for the reaction?
Assume the specific heat capacity of the solution
= 4.2 kJ kg–1 K–1.
A. –0.10 × 50 × 4.2 × 20  0.050 4.2  20
B. –0.10 × 0.050 × 4.2 × 20 D.
0.10
 50  4.2  20
C.
0.10
38. Use the average bond enthalpies below to calculate the enthalpy change, in kJ, for the following reaction.
H2(g) + I2(g) → 2HI(g)

Bond Bond energy / kJ mol–1

H–H 440
I–I 150
H–I 300
A. +290 B. +10 C. –10 D. –290
39. The standard enthalpy change of three combustion reactions is given below in kJ.

2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) ∆HO = –3120

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l) ∆HO = –572
C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ΔHO = –1411

Based on the above information, calculate the standard change in enthalpy, ∆HO, for the following reaction.
C2H6(g) → C2H4(g) + H2(g) (Total 4 marks)
40. How much energy, in joules, is required to increase the temperature of 2.0 g of aluminium from 25 to 30 °C?
(Specific heat of Al = 0.90 J g–1 K–1).
A. 0.36 B. 4.5 C. 9.0 D. 54
41. Which combination is correct for a chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings?

Type of reaction ΔH at constant pressure

A. Exothermic Positive
B. Exothermic Negative
C. Endothermic Positive
D. Endothermic Negative

IB Questionbank Chemistry 8
42. Using the equations below:

C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ∆Hο = –394 kJ mol–1

Mn(s) + O2(g) → MnO2(s) ∆Hο = –520 kJ mol–1

What is ∆H, in kJ, for the following reaction?

MnO2(s) + C(s) → Mn(s) + CO2(g)

A. 914 B. 126 C. –126 D. –914
43. The data below is from an experiment used to measure the enthalpy change for the combustion of 1 mole of
sucrose (common table sugar), C12H22O11(s). The time-temperature data was taken from a data-logging software
programme.

Mass of sample of sucrose, m = 0.4385 g

Heat capacity of the system, Csystem = 10.114 kJ K–1

(a) Calculate ΔT, for the water, surrounding the chamber in the calorimeter. (1)
(b) Determine the amount, in moles, of sucrose. (1)

(c) (i) Calculate the enthalpy change for the combustion of 1 mole of sucrose. (1)

(ii) Using Table 12 of the Data Booklet, calculate the percentage experimental error based on the data
used in this experiment. (1)

(d) A hypothesis is suggested that TNT, 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, is a powerful explosive because it

has:

• a large enthalpy of combustion

• a high reaction rate
• a large volume of gas generated upon combustion

Use your answer in part (c)(i) and the following data to evaluate this hypothesis:

Equation for combustion Relative Enthalpy of

rate of combustion
combustion / kJ mol–1
Sucrose C12H22O11(s) + 12O2(g)  12CO2(g) + 11H2O(g) Low
TNT 2C7H5N3O6(s)  7CO(g) + 7C(s) + 5H2O(g) + 3N2(g) High 3406
(3)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 9
44. (a) Define the term average bond enthalpy.(2)

(b) Use the information from Table 10 of the Data Booklet to calculate the enthalpy change for the complete
combustion of but-1-ene, according to the following equation.

C4H8(g) + 6O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 4H2O(g) (3)

45. Consider the following reaction:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

(i) Suggest why this reaction is important for humanity.(1)

(ii) Using the average bond enthalpy values in Table 10 of the Data Booklet, calculate the standard enthalpy
change for this reaction.(4)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 10