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Fresh Concrete PDF
Fresh Concrete PDF
Fresh Concrete PDF
AGGREGATES:
• Shape & Texture
• Strength (Crushing Strength 80 to 200 Mpa)
• Specific Gravity (2.65 to 2.95)
• Moisture Content (0.7% to 3.5 %)
• Fineness Modulus of fine Aggregates (2 to 4)
The higher the fineness, the coarser the aggregate.
PROPERTIES OF FRESH CONCRETE
(cont)
Mixing Water:
• Necessary to hydrate the cement
• Necessary to make the mix adequately workable
• Mixing water should not contain undesirable organic substances
• In some arid areas local dinking water is saline & may contain an excessive
amounts of chlorides.
• Conversely, some waters not fit for drinking may often be used satisfactorily in
making concrete.
• As a rule water with pH of 6.0 to 0.8 or possibly even 9.0 which does not taste
brackish is suitable for use
PROPERTIES OF FRESH CONCRETE (cont)
Workability
Workability
• ASTM C 125-09 definition “Property determining the effort required
to manipulate a freshly mixed quantity of concrete with minimum loss
of homogeneity”.
Segregation
• “Separation of the Constituents of a heterogeneous mixture so that their
distribution is no longer uniform”.
• It is the difference in the size of the particles and in the specific gravity of
the mix constituents that are primary cause of segregation.
• Can be controlled by choosing suitable grading and care in handling.
• Mixes with low w/c ratio are less prone to segregation.
• If concrete have not to travel far, danger of segregation is small.
• Dropping concrete from considerable height or change of direction, passing
through a chute can trigger segrigation
PROPERTIES OF FRESH CONCRETE
(cont)
• Transit-mixed:
The materials are batched at a central plant but are mixed in a
mixer truck either in transit or immediately prior to the concrete
being discharged
SHOTCRETE (Sprayed Concrete)
• Concrete conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at
high velocity on to a backup surface.
• The force of jet impacting on the surface compact the material so that
it can support itself without sagging or sloughing , even on a vertical
face or overhead.
UNDERWATER CONCRETE
• Concrete discharged through a steel pipe called ’tremie’.
• Pipe has to remain full throughout the concreting operation
• Relatively rich mixes containing 360 kg/m3 of cementitious material
VIBRATION OF
CONCRETE
Internal Vibrator
Poker, flexible shaft driven from a motor.
External Vibrators
Rigidly clamped to the form work
Vibrating Tables
A rapidly rotating eccentric mass makes the table vibrate.