Sprinkler Monitoring: Room Temperature Devices

Sprinkler Monitoring
• Room Temperature Devices Usually employed with a

wet pipe system, a room temperature-monitoring device indicates
that the temperature is decreasing to a predetermined level.
• Pressure Tanks A pressure tank serves as a secondary

source of water to the commercial supply. The tank is filled two-
thirds by water and one-third by air. Supervision of a pressure tank
covers air pressure and water level.
• Fire Pumps Fire pumps are intended to supply adequate

water pressure in case of a fire. Several monitoring devices can be
applied to pumps, including those that detect loss of power failure
Basic Fire All 2004-v2.ppt
to start, and lack of fuel, phase reversal, pump running signal, etc.
1 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

The Systems
FCI 7100 NOTIFIER ONYX
NFS-640
Gamewell
Silent Knight
IdentiFlex 602 Fire-Lite Alarms MS-9600
5820XL

Types of
Fire Alarm Control Panels
• Conventional (hard wired)
- Fixed
- Programmable
• Addressable (multiplexed)
• Intelligent (analog data transfer)


Conventional “Hard Wired” System
• Simplest type of control unit.
• Generally, a single circuit board contains power supply,
control, initiating and notification circuitry.
• Some models use auxiliary circuit boards to perform
special functions.
• Input/output devices connect to dedicated circuits.
• Designated outputs occur when initiating signals are
received.
• Limited special functions and capability

Conventional Initiating Devices
• Conventional Contact Devices cause an alarm on

the Initiating Zones by placing a short on the line and
drawing the maximum current through the zone.
• Conventional Smoke Detectors cause an alarm by

drawing sufficient current as a result of smoke or PoC
particles equivalent to the alarm level of a device.


Conventional “Programmable” System
• Basic “Designed System”

• Often, but not always, consist of modular
components.
• Components or circuits selected by the
installation contractor to meet the direct needs
of the customer.
• Input and output devices are connected to
appropriate circuits.

Conventional “Hard Wired” System
• Initiating circuits programmed for fire,

waterflow, supervisory, etc.
• Output circuits programmed for code selection
and silenceability.
• On some systems, input-to-output mapping.

Addressable System
• Each device (detector, pull station…)

has a unique number assigned to
it called the address for reporting
alarms and troubles.
• Employs a Signaling Line
Circuit (SLC) Loop along which
all addressable input and output
devices are connected to the fire alarm
control panel.
• Addressable devices transmit an electronic
message back to the Control Unit representing

their state (Normal, Alarm, Trouble) when polled
by the Control Unit.
Addressable System
These systems can also monitor conventional

initiating devices using addressable monitor
modules.
SLC Loop
24 VDC Filtered
Resettable Power

Typical SLC
FIRE
ALARM
CONTROL
PANEL

Addressable System
The addressing scheme allows the control panel
to distinguish one device from another and
results in highly-detailed information about the
threat.
ALARM SMOKE (PHOTO)

3RD FLOOR HALLWAY CLOSET
11:00AM 042303 1D140


Addressable System
• This type of system allows for the individual

programming of certain initiating devices to
selectively activate certain output devices
based on alarm activity.
• The process of linking outputs to inputs in

programming is called Software Zoning.

Input-to-Output Mapping

Input-to-Output Mapping
• Detector 1 turns on NAC 1 and NAC 2 and NAC 3
and NAC 4 and NAC 5.

Software Zoning
Z1 Z3
Z2

Software Zoning
• Detector 1 turns on Software Zone 1.

• Software Zone 1 turns on NAC 1, NAC 2, NAC 3,

NAC 4 and NAC 5.

Software Zoning
• Floor-Above/Floor Below
• Elevator Recall
• Smoke Control
• Ring-By-Zone
• Door Locks (Card Access)
• Cross Zoning

Intelligent System
• Always an Addressable System.

• Processes detailed, analog data from detectors
about smoke levels.
• Can provide sensitivity data for each detector.
• Employs Drift Compensation (self calibration) in
it's detectors.

Design and Application

Design Issues
• Device Selection
- Photo vs. Ion, line versus spot.
- What is are the total costs of one type versus another?
- How does the environment affect device selection?
- Does the device meet code specifications and code?
• Placement of Devices (where do you place smoke
detectors, pull stations, notification appliances)?
• Calculations (how do you calculate battery size and NAC
voltage drops?).
• Programming (how will you accomplish your non-general
alarm events?).

Spot Detector Placement
• Total(complete) Coverage includes all rooms,
halls, storage areas, basements attics, lofts,
spaces above suspended ceilings, and other
subdivisions and accessible spaces as well as
the inside of all closets, elevator shafts,
enclosed stairways, dumbwaiter shafts and
chutes.
NFPA 72 2002 Section 5.5.2.1
Exception - inaccessible areas that DO NOT

contain combustible materials do not require

smoke detection.

• PartialCoverage calls for smoke detection in all
common areas and work spaces, such as corridors,
lobbies, storage rooms, equipment rooms, and other
tenantless spaces.
CAUTION!
The building owner must understand that a fire alarm

system may not detect a fire that develops within any area
without smoke detection until that fire has reached
proportions that may seriously compromise the safe
evacuation of occupants and the timely notification of fire
responders.

Conditions Influencing Detector
Response
Air Altitude Humidity Temp. Color of
Detection
Velocity >3000 ft >93% <32O F Smoke
Protection
>300 fpm >100O F
Ion Can Can Can Can Does not

affect affect affect affect affect
Photo Does not Does not Can Can Can

Does not Does not Can Can Does not

Beam
Air Does not Does not Can Can Does not

Sampling affect affect affect affect affect

• On flat ceilings, spot detector coverage is
defined by an area of 30’ x 30’.
• Detectors not to exceed listed spacing and will
be installed within 1/2 listed spacing from all
walls and partitions that come within 18" of the
ceiling.
• On irregular shaped ceilings, detectors shall be
installed so all areas of the ceiling are within a
21 foot radius of a detector (0.7 x 30').
• Can be installed on the bottom side of exposed
ceiling beams/upper floor joists.

• Don't recess-mount smoke or heat detectors.
Maximum
radius of
Spot detector Typical area
protection
placement is based of room protection
on central mounting 21’
30’
of a detector in a 30’
Smoke
X 30’ room. No area Detector
’
21
may be more than
21’ from the 30’
detector.

Room Maximum
Note that in this radius of
application, two protection
detectors are not Smoke
Detector
required because 41’
all areas within the
room are within 21
21’
feet of the detector.
10’

15’ 15’
30’
30’
15’ 15’

120’
90’
120' / 30' = 4 Columns

12 Detectors
90' / 30' = 3 Rows
120’
90’
120' x 90' = 10,800 sq. ft.

12 Detectors
10,800' / 900' = ...


Estimating Detectors
400' x 175' = 70,000 sq. ft. / 900 = 78 detectors

15’
30’
30' x 120' Room

15’

10’
21’
21’
10' x 120' Corridor
21’
When one dimension
falls below the 0.7 of
the listed spacing (21')
employ the 21-foot
rule.
21’
21’

Minimum detector
mounting distance.
Sidewall-mounted
detectors can be as much
as 12" from the ceiling.

Sloped Ceilings
• Sloped: Detectors are first spaced and located

within 3’ of the peak, measured horizontally.
Detector number and spacing is based on the
horizontal projection of the ceiling.
• Peaked: The same rules as sloped apply, but must

be used on both sides of the peak separately.

Sloped Ceilings
3 ft

Peaked Ceilings
3 ft

Cathedral and Atrium Ceilings
Ceiling height affects

- Accessibility for maintenance and
testing.
- Stratification - when smoke
reaches the same temperature of
the surrounding air, it stops
rising.
- Dissipation - The higher the
ceiling, the more smoke can
dissipate by the time it reaches
the detector.

Other Environments
• Raised Floors and Suspended Ceilings: In these

spaces that are not HVAC plenums, the standard
detector spacing rules apply.
• Partitions: Partitions to 18” of the ceiling do not

influence spacing. Partitions to less than 18” of the
ceiling will reduce the effective area of coverage.

Projected Beam Location
• Projected Beam detectors
will generally be installed
with the beam parallel to the
ceiling, at a spacing not to
exceed manufacturer’s
recommendations.
• Detectors may be installed

below the ceiling level to
overcome the stratification
of air in high ceiling environments.

Projected Beam Location
• Projected Beam detectors
may be installed vertically
or at angles needed for
protection.
- Air Shaft, or Stairwell vertical
installations.
- Ramp walkways and corridors.

Duct Detector
Placement
• Duct Detectors should be located in a straight area

between 6 and 10 duct widths from any return
openings, sharp turns or connections in the duct.
• Detectors may be mounted on inlet or outlet ducts,
depending on the monitoring purpose.
• When the duct detector's Alarm or Supervisory
LED is not visible to responding personnel, a

remote alarm or supervisory indication shall be
provided.
Heat Detector Location
• On a smooth ceiling, the distance between

detectors shall not exceed the listed spacing,
and there shall be detectors within 1/2 of the
listed spacing from all walls and partitions.
• All points shall have a detector within a

distance equal to 70% of the listed spacing.

Heat Detector Location
• Detectors on irregular shaped ceilings may be

spaced greater than the listed spacing,
provided all points on the ceiling are within 70%
of the detectors rated spacing.
• Example – church steeple or atrium


Heat Detector Spacing
Ceiling Height Percent (%) of

(feet) Listed Spacing
0 -10 100
10-12 91
12-14 84
14-16 77
16-18 71
18-20 64
20-22 58
22-24 52
24-26 46
26-28 40
28-30 34

Initiating Devices
Manual Fire Alarm Pull Stations

Manual Pull Stations
ADA Accessibility Guidelines
Operation: Controls and operating mechanisms

shall be operable with one hand and shall not
require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of
the wrist. The force required to activate controls
shall be no greater than 5 lb.

Is this an ADA
compliant
application?

Alarm Signal Differentiation
Some codes dictate

that smoke detectors
FIRE
and normally-open
contact initiating ALARM Smoke Detector
devices be installed CONTROL
on separate zones in PANEL
applications
employing Alarm
Manual Pull Station

Verification.

Manual Fire Alarm Stations
Mounting Locations
• Manual fire alarm stations shall be located within 5 feet of

the exit doorway opening of each floor.
• Grouped openings over 40 feet in width require pull stations
on both sides of the opening.
• Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be provided so
that the travel distance to the nearest fire alarm box will
not be in excess of 200 feet (61 m) measured
horizontally on the same floor.
• Each manual fire alarm station shall be conspicuous,
unobstructed, and accessible, and of a contrasting color to
the background on which they are mounted.


• NFPA 72 - Mount pull station so that operable part

is 42" to 54" from the floor.
• ADA Accessibility Guidelines

- Forward reach: If access is only from a forward approach,
mount 15-48”.
- Side reach: If clear space allows a parallel approach,
mount 9-54”. If side reach is over an obstruction, use
forward reach rules.

The height is measured from the floor to the
point of actuation.
48 Inches

Designing with
Notification Appliances

ADA vs NFPA
• Conflictsexist between ADA and NFPA
guidelines regarding requirements for
notification appliances in fire alarm
systems.
• If the specifications call for ADA

compliance, it is a federal law which
must be obeyed.
• It is believed that newly-revised ADA

Accessibility Guidelines will reference
NFPA 72 2002.

Ambient Noise
• Ambient Noise Level – the level of noise around
us, or encircling us. Often referred to as
“background noise”.
• Decibels (dB)– Sound pressure is rated in

decibels, which is a unit for measuring relative
loudness.
• dBA - A dB scale referenced to the minimum

pressure that can be detected by the human ear.

Ambient Noise
• 1 dBA (faintest audible sound) – Remember the

hearing test?
• 50 dBA Typical conversation
• 80 dBA Alarm Clock

• 130 dBA (painful – ear damage possible).

Typical Ambient Noise Levels
Business Occupancies 55 dBA

Educational Occupancies 45 dBA
Industrial Occupancies 80 dBA
Institutional Occupancies 50 dBA
Mercantile Occupancies 40 dBA
Piers and Water-Surrounded Structures 40 dBA
Places of Assembly 55 dBA
Residential Occupancies 35 dBA
Storage Occupancies 30 dBA
Thoroughfares, High Density Urban 70 dBA
Thoroughfares, Medium Density Urban 55 dBA
Thoroughfares, Rural and Suburban 40 dBA
Tower Occupancies 35 dBA
Underground Structures and 40 dBA

Windowless Buildings
Vehicles and Vessels 50 dBA
Operating Modes
• Public Mode – Audible or visible signaling to
occupants or inhabitants of the area protected by
the fire alarm system.
• Private Mode – Audible or

visible signaling only to those
persons directly concerned with
the implementation and
direction of emergency action
initiation and procedure in the
area protected by the fire alarm
system.

Audible Devices - Public Mode
• NFPA: 15 dB above average ambient sound
level or 5 dB above maximum 60-second sound
level, whichever is greater (minimum of 75 dBA
to a maximum of 120 dBA).
• ADA: If provided, 15 dB above average

ambient sound level or 5 dB above maximum
60-second sound level, whichever is greater
(maximum of 120 dBA).

Audible Devices - Private Mode
• NFPA: Minimum of 45 dBA, maximum of 120

dBA, at least 10 dB above average ambient
sound level or 5 dB above maximum 60-second
sound level, whichever is greater.

Audible Devices - Sleeping Areas
• NFPA: 15 dB above
average ambient sound
level or 5 dB above
maximum 60-second
sound level, whichever is
greater (minimum of 75
dBA), measured at the
pillow.

Audible Device Installation
• Where ceiling heights permit,
wall mounted devices shall have At least 6"
their tops at heights above the
finished floor of not less than 90
inches, and below the finished
ceilings of not less than 6 inches.
• If combination audible/visual At least 90"

appliances are installed, follow
the mounting rules for visual
appliances.

Rules, Guidelines and Tips
• The Sound Pressure Level drops 6 dB each

time the distance from the source is doubled.
10 ft 20 ft 30 ft 40 ft
75 dBA 69 dBA 63 dBA


40’
Ambient Noise Level = 52 dBA
15 dB above = 67 dBA @ 10 ft
Lose 6 dB every double distance
Need to cover 40 feet (10-20-40)
67 dbA @ 40 ft
73 dbA @ 20 ft
79 dbA @ 10 ft

Ambient Noise Level = 52 dbA
40’
Each sounder needs to cover 20 67 dbA @ 20 ft

feet (10-20) 73 dbA @ 10 ft

230’
40’
79 dB
150’

67 dbA @80 ft 73 dbA @40 ft 79 dbA @20 ft 85 dbA @10 ft
230’
40’
80’
79 dB
85 dB
150’

230’
@ 10 ft - 95 dbA
@ 20 ft - 89 dbA
@ 40 ft - 83 dbA
@ 80 ft - 77 dbA
@ 160 ft - 71 dbA
@ 320 ft - 65 dbA
150’
Ambient Noise Level = 52 dbA

Audible Devices - Public Mode
• Where acceptable to the
AHJ, reducing or shutting
down background noise is
an acceptable alternative
to a high audio output.
- Musical equipment
- Machinery
• Audible signaling may be reduced or

eliminated by visual signaling (with AHJ
approval).
Visual Signaling Appliance
• Above 105 dbA: When the average ambient
sound level is greater than 105 dbA, visual
signaling appliances are required.
- Indoor concerts
- Drop forge shops
- Printing presses

Visual Signaling
ADA Requirements
• Americans with Disabilities Act sets provisions for

visual appliances:
- Intensity minimum of 75 cd in non-sleeping areas, and 110
cd in sleeping areas.
- Lamp shall be a Xenon strobe type or equivalent.
- The color shall be clear or nominal white.
- Pulse duration 0.2 sec. with a 40% duty cycle.
- Flash Rate 1 - 3 per second (1-3 Hz).

Wall-Mounted Appliances
NFPA ADA
• Wall mounted devices • The appliance shall be placed
shall have their bottoms at 80 inches above the highest
heights above the finished floor level within the space, or 6
floor of not less than 80 inches from the ceiling,
inches, and not greater whichever is lower.
than 96 inches. • Devices shall be no more than
50 ft. apart.
• Maximum separation of • In large areas without
appliances shall not exceed obstructions 6 ft. above the
100 feet. floor, devices may be spaced a
maximum of 100 feet apart.

Visual Device Installation
ADA ADA
96" 96"
At At
least least
6" 6"
80" 80"
NFPA NFPA
At least 90"
At least 80" At least 80"

Strobe Horn/Strobe

Wall Mount Appliance Coverage
1 - 15 cd
1 - 15/75 cd
20' x 20’
1 - 34 cd
2 - 15 cd
30' x 30’
1 - 60 cd
2 - 30 cd
4 - 15 cd 40' x 40’
1 - 110 cd
2 - 60 cd
4 - 30 cd 50' x 50’
Dual-Candela Appliances
15/75 cd
15 cd
75 cd
40' x 15’

Room Spacing Visuals
50’
50’ x 50' = 2500 sq ft
50’
2500 sq ft x 0.0375
lumens/ sq ft
= 93.75 cd
93.75/4 = 23.44 cd

50’
50’

50’
25’ x 25’ 25’ x 25’
50’
25’ x 25’ 25’ x 25’


Ceiling Mount Appliance Coverage
1 - 95 cd @ 10 ft 1 - 115 cd @ 20 ft
1 - 60 cd @ 10 ft 1 - 80 cd @ 20 ft
1 - 30 cd @ 10 ft
1 - 15 cd @ 10 ft
1 - 30 cd @ 20 ft
1 - 60 cd @ 30 ft
20' x 20’
1 - 45 cd @ 20 ft
1 - 75 cd @ 30 ft
30' x 30’
1 - 115 cd @ 30 ft 40' x 40’
1 - 150 cd @ 30 ft 50' x 50’

Synchronization
• Visual Synchronization reduces the effect on those
who are prone to suffer seizures from Epilepsy.
• Required when two or more appliances are in the
same field of view.

Synchronization
• Audible Synchronization permits the
proper sounding of evacuation coding.
• Synchronization is effected
via two means - a remote
module or circuitry built into
the fire alarm control panel.
• Built-in control panel circuitry

is highly desirable.

Designing with the Control
Panel

Design Issues
• The authority having jurisdiction shall be notified prior
to installation or alteration of equipment or wiring. At
the authority having jurisdiction's request, complete
information regarding the system or system
alterations, including specifications, shop drawings,
battery calculations, and notification appliance circuit
voltage drop calculations shall be submitted for
approval.
NFPA 72 2002 Section 4.5.1.1*

Battery Calculations
• Standby - the current

the control panel and
all its peripherals draw
under loss of AC power
and while the system is
not in an alarm state
(up to 24 hours).
• Alarm - the system is in alarm and powering

Notification Appliances (5 minutes).

Battery Calculations
• Sum the currents of all devices

0.5 Amps
that draw current in Standby:
• Multiply by 24 hours: 12.0 Amp-Hours
• Multiply MAX supply capability

(say 6 amps) by 5/60 (0.084): 0.5 Amp-Hours
• Sum Standby & Alarm: 12.5 Amp-Hours
• Multiply by 1.2: 15.0 Amp-Hours


Voltage Drops
• All wire has internal resistance. Over a distance
this resistance will reduce the amount of
voltage available to power notification
appliances.
• All appliances have a minimum operating

voltage rating- the point at which the device
stops functioning.

Voltage Drops
• The challenge to system designers is to size

NAC wiring to ensure full functioning of
appliances under all permissible voltage
conditions for the fire alarm control panel.
• In other words, appliances have to function at

27 VDC, 24 VDC, and even as low as 20.4 VDC
(control panel low battery condition as defined
by UL).

Voltage Drops
• In order for an appliance installed at the end of a
typical notification circuit to function when the
control panel approaches low battery (20.4 VDC),
the appliance would have to have a minimum
operating voltage as low as 16-17 volts.
• The calculations required to derive the proper

wiring size for a notification circuit are complex
and time consuming.

Distributed NACs
• Use of a remote power supply can save previous
voltage in the run from the control panel to the
start of a Notification Appliance Circuit.

Voltage Drops
There's a Point
to all this
• Thought has to be given to the

selection of wire gauge on
notification circuits.
• Use slide chart, spread sheet or

dedicated computer program to
determine the proper gauge. Many
manufacturers offer such tools.

Wiring Standards
• NFPA 72 establishes standards of performance

for various wiring styles for Initiation Circuits,
Notification Appliance Circuits and Signaling
Line Circuit (SLC) Loop wiring.
- For Initiating Device Circuits Styles B & D.
- For SLC Loops Styles 4,6, & 7.
- For Notification Appliance Circuits Styles Y & Z.

Initiating Zone Wiring
• Class A/Style D 4-wire circuit.
• Wiring originates at the control unit, interconnects
all devices in series-parallel fashion and returns to
the control unit.
• Return circuit monitors line voltage. If voltage
missing, return line will feed current to devices from
its connections.
• No branch tapping allowed.

Initiating Zone Wiring Class B
• Class B/Style B 2-wire circuit.
• Wiring originates at the control unit, interconnects
all devices in series-parallel fashion and terminates
in an end-of-line device.
• A wire break results in a loss of all devices past the
break.
• No branch tapping allowed.

Initiating Zone Capability
Style B D
Condition Alarm Trouble Alarm Alarm Trouble Alarm

Capable Capable
Single
No Yes N/R No Yes Yes
Open
Single No Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Ground
Wire
Yes No Yes No
Short
From NFPA 72

Multi-Riser Wiring
• For proper supervision of multiple risers, utilize

separate wiring runs.
• Tee-tapping prevents proper circuit
supervision.
• Using 4-wire cable defeats the protection
offered by 2-wire installations, and violates
most codes.

Incorrect
EoL
Multi-Riser Wiring
• In this example, all

devices may report an
alarm, but an open
circuit trouble will not
be reported on either
line without the EoL
device.

EoL
Correct
Multi-Riser Wiring
• In this example, all devices

will report an alarm, and
an open circuit trouble will
be reported because the
entire circuit runs in series
to the EoL device.

4 Wire Smoke Detectors
• 4-wire Smoke Detectors are devices that receive
power from a source other than the Initiating Device
Circuit.
• They may be wired in Style

B or Style D, and are
supervised with an end-of-
line power supervision relay
for loss of operating
current.

4 Wire Detectors
4-wire Smoke Detectors wired Style B
IDC (+)
Initiating
Zone
IDC (-)
+24VDC
UL Listed
Power
4-Wire Supervisory
Detector
Relay
Common
Power

Installation and Field Wiring

Survivability
• All Class A-type wiring (Style D, Z, 6 and 7)

shall be installed such that the outgoing and
return conductors exiting from and returning
to the control unit are routed separately.
• The outgoing and return circuits shall not be

run in the same cable assembly (i.e. multi-
conductor cable), enclosure or raceway.

Installation - Cabinet
• Identify and remove knockouts

from the cabinet.
• Be sure to reference the

Installation Manual for
instructions on the physical
separation of power-limited and
non-power limited wiring
required by Underwriter’s
Laboratories (UL). This will
affect which knockouts can be

used for certain ACC circuits.

Power-Limited
Wiring
All Power and Non

Power-Limited
Wiring must remain
separated with the
control cabinet by at
least 1/4" and must
enter and exit the
cabinet through
separate knockouts.

Installation – Power
• Never touch the
batteries unless AC
Power is applied.
• Power UP - Connect
AC wiring, turn on
main breaker, then
connect batteries.
• Power Down - Disconnect batteries, turn off main

breaker, then disconnect AC wiring.

Initial Testing
• Test the control panel before connecting any field
wiring.
1.Leave in place or reinstall dummy-load resistors.
2.Apply AC Power.
3.Connect backup batteries.
4.Examine the system for trouble conditions and correct as
necessary.

System Wiring
• NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code) provides
common wiring practices for fire alarm systems
in Article 760.
- In general, these requirements require the installer to break

the connection wire at each device to provide supervision of
the loop.
- If wire nuts are used on pigtail connections, a separate wire

must be provided for input and output wiring.

Incorrect Device Wiring
Unbroken wire
loops under
teeter connections

Correct Device Wiring
Broken wire
loops under
teeter connections

Incorrect Device Wiring
Three wires under

pigtail connections

Correct Device Wiring
Two wires under

pigtail connections

Device Compatibility
• Smoke Detectors must be listed by the appropriate
agency for proper operation with Fire Alarm
Control Units.
• This will be based on voltage, standby current and
alarm current requirements of the panel and the
device capabilities.
• Refer to manufacturer specifications for the style
and number of devices allowed per zone.

NAC Wiring Class B
• Class B/Style Y 2-wire circuit.
• Wiring originates at the control unit,

interconnects all devices in series-parallel
fashion and terminates in an end of line
device.
• A wire break results in a loss of all devices

past the break.

NAC Wiring Class A
• Class A/Style Z 4-wire circuit.
• Wiring originates at the control unit,

interconnects all devices in series-parallel
fashion and returns to the control unit.
• Return circuit monitors line voltage. If voltage

is missing, return line will drive devices from its
connections.
• No branch-tapping allowed.

Notification Appliance Capability
Style Y Style Z
Alarm Alarm
Condition Trouble Trouble
Capable Capable
Single
Yes N/R Yes Yes
Open
Single Yes
Yes Yes Yes
Ground
Wire
Yes No Yes No
Short
From NFPA 72
NAC Wiring
• Ensure Notification Appliance devices are

listed for use with the power source used to
drive them.
• Unsupervised NAC power will require a power

supervisory relay to monitor integrity of the
power supply, and report a trouble to the
control unit in the event of NAC power loss.

SLC Wiring
• Observe manufacturer’s recommendations for
total wire length, loop resistance and device
loading.
• Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for

connection of shield and/or drain wires.
• Interface Devices (monitor and control modules)

follow the rules for conventional devices on
their non-SLC loop sides.

SLC Loop Capability
Style 4.0
Condition Alarm Trouble Alarm Capable
Single Open No Yes ?
Single Ground No Yes Yes
Wire Short No Yes No
Wire Short & Open No Yes No
Wire Short & Ground No Yes No
Single Open & No Yes ?

Ground
From NFPA 72
SLC Wiring - Style 4.0
• Style 4.0 non-redundant 2-wire loop.
• Originates at the Control unit and connects to

all devices observing proper polarity.
• Note: devices wired in reverse polarity are

treated as a wire short.
• Branch tapping may be allowed following

manufacturers specifications.

SLC Wiring - Style 4
FIRE
ALARM
CONTROL
PANEL

SLC Loop Capability
Style 6.0
Single Open No Yes Yes
Wire Short No Yes No
Wire Short & Open No Yes No
Wire Short & Ground No Yes No
Single Open & No Yes Yes

Ground
From NFPA 72
• Style 6.0 redundant 4-wire loop.
• Originates at the Control unit, connects to all

devices observing proper polarity and returns
to the Control unit.
• Return circuit monitors the return line for

voltage. If incorrect level is sensed, the return
circuit will drive the data line identically to the
output side.

• Note: devices wired in reverse polarity are

treated as a wire short.
• Branch tapping is not allowed.
• Observe manufacturer’s recommendations for

total wire length, resistance and device
loading.

FIRE
ALARM
CONTROL
PANEL
Maximum loop length cannot exceed manufacturers

recommendation. Maximum resistance cannot exceed
manufacturers recommendation.
SLC Loop Capability
Style 7.0
Single Open No Yes Yes
Wire Short No Yes Yes
Wire Short & Open No Yes Yes
Wire Short & Ground No Yes Yes
Single Open & No Yes Yes
Ground
From NFPA 72

• Style 7.0 Isolated Redundant 4-wire Loop.
• Similar to Style 6.0 requirements.
• Isolation devices are required on output and

return wiring from the control unit, and
flanking each device.

• Isolation devices monitor the SLC line for short
circuits. A short causes the isolation devices
flanking the short to open, only removing one
device, maximum, from the circuit.
• Isolation devices may be used on Style 4.0 and

Style 6.0 wiring systems to enhance operation.
• Follow manufacturers recommendations

regarding Isolation devices.

SLC Wiring Style 7
FIRE
ALARM
CONTROL
PANEL

SLC Wiring – Style 7
• Maximum loop length cannot exceed manufacturer’s

recommendation.
• Maximum resistance cannot exceed manufacturer’s
recommendation.
• Isolators must be installed between the panel and the
devices and between each device to comply with NFPA
and UL. (Drawing shows NFPA wiring only.)

Quick-Reference Chart
Style
Class IDC NAC SLC
Class B B Y 4
Class A D Z 6, 7

Troubleshooting
• Practically everything associated with a

modern fire alarm control system is effectively
supervised. This means that failure of a given
system will result in a corresponding trouble
condition. A prime key to troubleshooting is an
understanding of how systems, circuits and

devices are supervised.
System Supervision
• This ensures proper operation of the Fire Alarm
System. Not to be confused with supervisory
signaling for releasing systems.
• Anything which could inhibit the system’s

ability to report a fire is considered a fault.
• Faults must cause “Trouble” signals so proper

corrective actions can be taken.

System Supervision
• The following systems are supervised:
- Power Supplies (primary and secondary)
- Initiating and Notification Device Circuits
- Installation Conductors
- Device Wiring Connections
- Smoke Detector Chamber Levels
- Phone Lines (in DACT systems)
- Device Types (in Addressable systems)

Troubleshooting
• False alarms in Conventional Systems
- Dirt or other foreign material in
smoke detectors (bugs, sheet
rock dust, canned smoke,
moisture).
- Voltage spikes
w Lightning
w HVAC or other electrical equipment.
w Radios, walkie talkies, etc.

Troubleshooting
• False alarms in Conventional Systems
- Excess Air Velocity in Ionization Detectors
- Excessive Supervisory Current

w Improper End-Of-Line Resistor.
w Too many devices drawing power from an Initiating Device
Circuit.

Troubleshooting
• Two-wire smoke detectors must be listed with
Underwriters Laboratories as compatible.
• UL determines the maximum number of a

compatible smoke detector allowed per zone on
a particular FACP.
• That number is based on the amount of current

available on a zone in the FACP and the current

required by each device.
Troubleshooting
Short Circuit
ALARM Threshold
Max Det. Current
Detector Current
Supervisory Level
Open Circuit

Troubleshooting
• Radio-Frequency Interference
(RFI) can cause false alarms
and troubles to occur on
conventional initiating circuits
and communications
problems on addressable
circuits.
• RF detectors can help identify

the sources of this energy.

ELR Color Chart
• Always confirm that the value of each ELR is
correct as listed in the product documentation.
0= Black
Tolerance indicated at
1 = Brown
other end of ELR:
2 = Red
3 = Orange Gold = 5%
4 = Yellow Silver = 10%
5 = Green None = 20%
6 = Blue
7 = Violet
8 = Gray
9 = White
Example
4.7 K W
YELLOW = 4
VIOLET = 7
MULTIPLIER = 2
(number of zeros)
TOLERANCE = 5 %
Alarm Verification
• Used to help prevent nuisance alarms.
• Conventional systems reset the alarmed zone
and then enter a retard (wait) state for a
specified period of time to allow smoke to
escape from the sensing chamber.
• After the reset/retard period, the panel monitors
the zone for a set time period (maximum 120
seconds). Reacquisition during this period is a
verified alarm. Failure to reacquire alarm is
considered an unverified alarm.

Alarm Verification
Reset Retard Reacquisition Period
0 6 18 120
TIME (seconds)

Alarm Verification
• Alarm signals received from any other zone
during this verification period aborts the
process and allows the control panel to
immediately enter into an alarm state.
• Most modern control panels can distinguish
between signal activation from a conventional
two-wire smoke detector and a normally-open
contact device.
• Non-verified devices automatically cause the
system to enter alarm upon initial acquisition.

Alarm Verification
• With Addressable Systems, the panel stops

polling the Addressable Detector upon initial
smoke report for a specified period of time.
• After the retard period, the panel repolls the

Detector for the reacquisition period.

Questions?

Sprinkler Monitoring: Room Temperature Devices

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Sprinkler Monitoring: Room Temperature Devices

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Sprinkler Monitoring

• Room Temperature Devices Usually employed with a

• Pressure Tanks A pressure tank serves as a secondary

• Fire Pumps Fire pumps are intended to supply adequate

1 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

2 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

• Intelligent (analog data transfer)

3 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

4 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

• Conventional Contact Devices cause an alarm on

• Conventional Smoke Detectors cause an alarm by

5 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

6 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

• Basic “Designed System”

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• Initiating circuits programmed for fire,

8 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

• Each device (detector, pull station…)

message back to the Control Unit representing

These systems can also monitor conventional

10 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

11 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

ALARM SMOKE (PHOTO)

11:00AM 042303 1D140

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• This type of system allows for the individual

• The process of linking outputs to inputs in

13 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

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• Detector 6 turns on NAC 1 and NAC 2 and NAC 3

16 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

• Detector 1 turns on Software Zone 1.

• Software Zone 1 turns on NAC 1, NAC 2, NAC 3,

NAC 4 and NAC 5.

17 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

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• Always an Addressable System.

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NFPA 72 2002 Section 5.5.2.1

Exception - inaccessible areas that DO NOT

contain combustible materials do not require

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The building owner must understand that a fire alarm

23 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

Ion Can Can Can Can Does not

Photo Does not Does not Can Can Can

Does not Does not Can Can Does not

Air Does not Does not Can Can Does not

24 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

ceiling beams/upper floor joists.

26 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

27 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

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120' / 30' = 4 Columns

120' x 90' = 10,800 sq. ft.

30 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

31 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

32 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

30' x 120' Room

33 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt

34 Honeywell Brands Basic Fire 2005-V4 08-17-05.ppt