Assignment 1

Submission date: 10.3.2020

Question 1: Write the differences between vacuum tube & transistor.
Transistor is solid state but vacuum tube not.
Compared to the vacuum tube, transistors were much smaller, faster and cheaper to manufacture.
They were also far more reliable and used much less power.

Question 2: What are the different types of memory devices? Write the differences between
RAM & ROM.
Memory devices: Flip-flop register, SRAM, DRAM, ROM, EEPROM,
Differences between RAM & ROM:

Question 3: Explain transducer, signal conditioner & op-amp.

transducer: A substance or device, such as a piezoelectric crystal, microphone or photoelectric

cell, that converts input energy of one form into output energy of another.
signal conditioner：In electronics, signal conditioning means manipulating an analog signal in
such a way that it meets the requirements of the next stage for further processing.
op-amp : the heart of the analog computer (perform many mathematical operations such as
multiplication, addition, subtraction, division, integration and differentiation).
Question 4: Explain second order low pass filter with block diagram.
XC
f  s 
R  X L  XC
1 sC

R  sL  1 sC
1 02
 f  s 
LCs 2  RCs  1 s 2  0 s Q  02

A second order filter would have two capacitors or two inductors or one capacitor and one
inductor, that affects the filter's frequency response.

Question 5: Draw the block diagram of flash ADC & sigma delta converter.