Assignment 1

Submission date: 10.3.2020

Name: Ning Yuxuan
Student Number:201720060706
Question 1: Write the differences between vacuum tube & transistor.
 Solution:
Differences:1、The vacuum tube is an electron tube from which all or most of the gas has been removed, permitting electrons to
move with no or low interaction with any remaining gas molecules.
 2、A
transistor is a device that conducts a variable amount of electricity through it, depending on how much electricity is input to it. In other
words, it is a digital switch. However, unlike the vacuum tube, it is solid state.
 3、
Solid state means that it doesn't change its physical form as it switches. There are no moving parts in a transistor.
 4、
Compared to the vacuum tube, transistors were much smaller, faster and cheaper to manufacture. They were also far more reliable and
used much less power.
Question 2: What are the different types of memory devices? Write the differences between
RAM & ROM.

SRAM, DRAM, ROM, EEPROM

MOS, PMOS, NMOS, CMOS
Solution:1、Memory devices: .

2、Differences between RAM & ROM:

RAM: volatile memory, data in ram is not permanently written when power off, data deleted, it
requires electricity to retain data.
RAM is the memory available for the operating system programs and process to use when the
computer is running.
ROM: non volatile, data is permanently and not erased, it does not requires electricity to retain
data.
ROM is the memory that comes with your computer that is pre-written to hold the instructions
for booting up the computer.

Question 3: Explain transducer, signal conditioner & op-amp.

 Solution:1、transducer:
ce or device, such as a piezoelectric crystal, microphone or photoelectric cell, that converts input energy of one form into
output energy of another.
 2、signal conditioner:
In electronics, signal conditioning means manipulating an analog signal in such a way that it meets the requirements of the next stage
for further processing.
 3、op-amp:
Op amp - the heart of the analog computer
 It
performs many mathematical operations such as multiplication, addition, subtraction, division, integration and differentiation

Question 4: Explain second order low pass filter with block diagram.
Solution:

Transfer function

It is a RLC low-pass filter，the :

XC
f  s 
R  X L  XC
1 sC

R  sL  1 sC
1 02
 f  s 
LCs 2  RCs  1 s 2  0 s Q  02

Question 5: Draw the block diagram of flash ADC & sigma delta converter.
Solution: Flash ADC:
Sigma delta converter: